Chapter XIV: Causes of Trouble

Engine will not start. No mixture.
No ignition.
No compression.

Engine starts, Clogged fuel pipe or strainer.
but will not Air-bound tank or carburetor.
continue running. Clogged exhaust.
Wet spark plugs.
Governor out of adjustment.

Engine loses power. Retarded spark.
Poor compression.
Overheating.
Clogged exhaust.
Incorrect mixture.
Governor out of adjustment.
Tight bearings.
Dragging brake.
Slipping clutch.
Overloaded.

Engine stops suddenly. Ignition trouble.

Engine slows down Clogged fuel supply.
and stops. Incorrect mixture.
Overheated.

Regular miss in one
cylinder. Defective spark plug or wire.

Irregular miss in all Sticking contact breaker.
cylinders. Defective distributor.
Clogged fuel line.
Irregular fuel feed.
Water in fuel.
Faulty ignition connections.

Engine runs unevenly. Incorrect spark plug gap.
Incorrect mixture.
Binding carburetor float.
Sticking valves.
Sticking governor.

Engine overheats. Spark retarded.
Faulty cooling.
Faulty lubrication.

Engine smokes. Black smoke; mixture too rich.
Blue smoke; too much oil.
Broken or stuck piston rings.
Poor oil.

Engine backfires Mixture too lean.
through carburetor. Sticking inlet valve or weak
inlet valve spring.

Explosions in exhaust Missing spark.
pipe. Mixture too rich.
Sticking exhaust valve.

INDEX

Adjusting a carburetor, 213
Advance of ignition; theory of, 18
Air cleaner or washer, 71
Air inlet; extra, 63
Armature, 106
Atwater-Kent ignition system, 136
Automatic carburetor, 63
Automobiles and tractors compared, 1
Axles; types of front, 172

Backfire, 55
Balance weights, 31
Bearings, 31
Bosch magneto; theory of, 110
Bosch magneto circuit, 111
Bosch magneto windings, 110
Bull gear drive, 165
Burning point of oil, 182

Cam, 39
Carbon; formation of, 56
Carbonization, 56
Carbon; removing, 242
Carburetor, 57
Carburetor action, 60
Carburetor adjustment, 213
Carburetor adjustment for two fuels, 218
Carburetor; compensating, 63
Carburetor connections, 89
Carburetor; description of, 72
Carburetor; float feed, 76
Carburetor; heating the, 70
Carburetor; parts of, 70
Carburetor; pump feed, 80
Carburetor; stopping on gasoline, 218
Carburetor strainer, 89
Carburetor; trouble with, 215
Carburetor; using water in, 219
Causes of trouble, 259
Centrifugal force, 94
Change speed gear; action of, 152
Change speed gear; jaw clutch, 156
Change speed gear; purpose of, 6
Change speed gear; shifting, 203
Change speed gear; sliding, 154
Change speed gear; theory of, 149
Choke, 67
Circuit; Bosch magneto, 111
Circuit breaker; magneto, 110
Cleaner; air, 91
Clutch; action of, 144
Clutch; expanding, 145
Clutch; how to use, 205
Clutch; plate or disk, 146
Clutch; purpose of, 6
Cold weather care of tractor, 207
Cold weather starting, 207
Combustion space, 11
Combustion; theory of, 52
Compression; importance of, 16
Compression leaks; locating, 228
Compression stroke, 16
Compression; testing the, 227
Connecting rod, 35
Cooling system, 46
Crank shaft, 30
Cycle; gas engine, 11

Dead strokes, 12
Differential; action of, 161
Differential; purpose of, 7
Differential; theory of, 158
Dirt in the fuel, 215
Disk clutch, 146
Distributor; magneto, 124
Dixie magneto action, 119
Double bowl carburetor; adjustment of, 218
Double opposed engine, 25
Drive; master gear or bull gear, 165
Drive; purpose of, 6
Drive; worm, 166

Engine base, 30
Engine; double opposed, 25
Engine; horizontal, 25
Engine; how power is delivered by, 21
Engine loses power, 249
Engine misses, 252
Engine overheats, 256
Engine; priming, 214
Engine; principle of, 9
Engine; purpose of, 6
Engine smokes, 258
Engine starts; but stops, 254
Engine stops, 251
Engine trouble; locating, 246
Engine; vertical, 25
Engine will not start, 246
Exhaust stroke, 20
Exhaust valve, 38
Expanding clutch, 145
Extra air inlet, 63

Firing order, 28
Float feed carburetor, 76
Force feed oiling system, 186
Frame; purpose of, 8
Freezing; to prevent, 209
Front axles; types of, 172
Fuel; dirt in the, 215
Fuel; straining the, 89

Gas engine cycle, 11
Gasket, 30
Gasoline mixture, 57
Governor, 94
Grease cup, 197
Grease; when used, 182
Grinding valves, 229
Grounded circuit or ground return, 125

Heat; action of, 9
Heat; effect on oil of, 177
Heat necessary in forming mixture, 58
Heating the carburetor, 70
Heating the mixture, 86
Horizontal engine, 25

Ignition point; changing the, 103
Ignition system; Atwater-Kent, 136
Ignition system; parts of, 105
Ignition; theory of, 17, 102
Impulse starter, 128
Induction and induced current, 106
Inductor magneto, 115
Inlet stroke, 14
Inlet valve, 38

Jack shaft, 165
Jaw clutch change speed gear, 156

K-W magneto action, 115
Kerosene mixture, 57

Leaks of compression; locating, 228
Lean mixture, 54
Loading, 67
Lubricating systems, 184
Lubrication chart; use of, 182
Lubrication; importance of, 175

Magnetism, 105
Magnet; poles of, 106
Magneto action; Bosch, 110
Magneto action; Dixie, 119
Magneto action; K-W, 115
Magneto distributor, 124
Magneto distributor; cleaning, 222
Magneto inductor, 115
Magneto; oiling a, 221
Magneto platinum points; care of, 221
Magneto safety spark gap, 127
Magneto spark; theory of, 105
Magneto; theory of Bosch, 110
Magneto timer or circuit breaker, 110
Magneto timing, 223
Magneto trouble; testing for, 224
Manifold, 70
Master gear drive, 165
Mechanical oiler, 192
Mixer, 57
Mixing chamber, 70
Mixture changes with engine speed, 62
Mixture; formation of, 53
Mixture; gasoline and kerosene, 57
Mixture; heating the, 86
Mixture; heat necessary to form, 58
Mixture; rich, 55
Mixture; theory of, 9
Mixture; thin, or lean, 54

Oil affected by heat, 177
Oil; burning point and viscosity, 182
Oil cup, 193
Oiler; mechanical, 192
Oiling chart; use of, 182
Oiling; importance of, 175
Oiling systems, 184
Oil pump, 188
Oil; varieties used on tractors, 179

Piston, 34
Piston pin, 34
Piston rings, 37
Piston rings; care of, 228
Plate clutch, 146
Poles of magnet, 106
Power diagram, 21
Power production, 12
Power stroke, 19
Preignition, 56, 83, 104
Priming the engine, 214
Pump feed carburetor, 80
Push rod, 42
Push rod adjustment, 234

Radiator, 48
Retard of ignition; theory of, 19
Rich mixture, 55
Rocker arm, 42

Safety spark gap, 127
Shuttle armature, 107
Sliding change speed gear, 154
Spark coil; principle of, 133
Spark coil; vibrator, 138
Spark coil; windings of, 134
Spark plug, 140
Spark plug gap, 226
Spark plugs; trouble with, 225
Splash oiling system, 184
Spray nozzle, 57
Spring support, 173
Starter; impulse, 128
Starting in cold weather, 207
Starting the engine; theory of, 13
Steering gear; purpose of, 7
Steering; instruction in, 205
Storing a tractor, 210
Straining the fuel, 89
Strangler, 69

Tappet, 42
Tappet adjustment, 234
Temperature; effect of changes on mixture, 66
Testing for magneto trouble, 224
Testing the compression, 227
Theory of gas engine, 9
Thermo-syphon cooling system, 48
Thin mixture, 54
Throttle, 68
Throws of crank shaft, 30
Timer; magneto, 110, 121, 122
Timing a magneto, 223
Timing the valves, 237
Tractor; caring for in cold weather, 207
Tractor; difficulties in oiling, 178
Tractor driving, 205
Tractor; handling a new, 201
Tractor inspection, 203
Tractors and automobiles compared, 1
Tractor; storing, 210
Tractor types, 167
Transmission; parts of, 143
Trouble; causes of, 259
Trouble; locating, 246

Valve; exhaust, 38
Valve grinding, 229
Valve; inlet, 38
Valve mechanism, 42
Valve operation, 39
Valve seat; redressing, 234
Valve timing, 237
Vertical engine, 25
Vibrator coil, 138
Viscosity of oil, 182

Washer; air, 91
Water added to mixture, 58, 83, 219
Water jackets, 48
Windings; Bosch magneto, 110
Windings of spark coil, 134
Worm drive, 166
Wrist pin, 34