Chapter V: Part 5

In front of the bulkhead wall at Manhattan the tunnels were under Pier No. 72. This structure was supported on wooden piles, some 80 ft. or more in length, which came down below the tunnel invert. The piles which lay directly in the path of the tunnels, with a few exceptions, had been pulled. In driving the tunnels through this section, great care had to be taken not to disturb the piles on either side of the tunnels, as they supported a heavy trestle used in disposing of the excavation from the open cut in the terminal yard. To avoid such disturbance, a large portion of the total excavation had to be taken through the shields.

The first shield which passed the river bulkhead was the south one at Weehawken. As soon as this line was crossed the silt was found to be much softer than behind the wall, in fact it was like a fluid in many of its properties. The fluidity could be changed by varying the tunnel air pressure; for example, when the air pressure was made equal to the weight of the overlying material (water and silt), the silt was quite stiff, and resembled a rather soft clay; but when the air pressure was from 10 to 15 lb. per sq. in. lower, it became so liquid that it would flow through a 1½-in. grout hole in the lining, in a thick stream, at the rate of from 10 to 50 gal. per min. as soon as the plug was taken out. This was the point to which the contractor had long looked forward, as he expected to be able to close all his shield doors and drive the rest of the way across without taking in a shovelful of muck, as had just been done under the Hudson River, on the South Tunnel of the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Company's Tunnels between Morton Street, New York City, and Hoboken, N. J. The doors were shut and the shield was shoved; the tunnel at once began to rise rapidly, notwithstanding that the heaviest possible downward leads that the clearance between the iron and the shield would allow were put on. At the same time, the pressures induced in the silt by the shield shouldering the ground aside caused the iron lining to rise about 2 in. as soon as the shield left it, and also distorted it, the horizontal diameter decreasing and the vertical diameter increasing by about as much as 1¼ in. An anxious discussion followed these phenomena, as the effects had been so utterly unexpected, and a good many different theories were advanced as to the probable cause. It was thought that the hood of the shield might have something to do with the trouble. The shield was stopped, the hood removed, the doors were shut, and the driving continued. The same trouble was found, and it was impossible to keep to grade. Work was stopped, and the question was thoroughly debated; finally, on January 31st, 1906, the chief engineer directed that one of the shield doors be opened as an experiment and 50% of the excavation taken in.

The effect was instantaneous, the shield began to come down to grade at once, and it soon became necessary to close the door partially and reduce the quantity of muck taken in in order to prevent the tunnel from getting below grade. The other troubles from distortion, etc., ceased at the same time.

It was soon found that a powerful aid in the guidance of the shield was thus brought to hand, for, if high, the shield could be brought down by increasing the quantity of muck taken in, if low, by decreasing it. From this time forward, the quantity of muck taken in at each shove was carefully regulated according to the position of the tunnel with regard to grade and the nature of the ground. The quantity varied from nothing to the full volume displaced by the tunnel, and averaged 33% of the latter.

To regulate the flow, the bottom middle door was fitted with two steel angles behind which were placed 6 by 6-in. timbers. In this way the opening could be entirely closed or one of any size left. The muck flowed into the tunnel in a thick stream, as shown in Fig. 2, Plate XXXV, and, by regulating the rate of shove it could be made to flow just as fast as it could be loaded into cars.

In driving through the silt, the typical gang per shift of 8 hours per shield was as follows:

_General:_

1/3 Tunnel superintendent @ $300 per month
1 Assistant tunnel superintendent " 6.00 per day
1 General foreman " 5.00 " "
½ Electrician " 3.50 " "
½ Electrician's helper " 3.00 " "
1 Foreman " 4.00 " "
2 Pipefitters " 3.50 " "
2 Pipefitters' helpers " 3.25 " "

_Mucking:_

1 Foreman " 4.00 " "
6 Muckers " 3.00 " "

_Erecting Iron and Driving Shield:_

1 Foreman @ $4.00 per day
1 Erector runner " 3.50 " "
4 Iron workers " 3.00 " "
3 Laborers " 3.00 " "

Three such shifts were worked per day, and the air pressure averaged 25 lb. per sq. in.

The increase in the number of pipefitters was due to the greatly increased speed, and also the steadily increasing length of completed tunnel. The three laborers in the erection gang spent their whole time tightening bolts. The rate of progress in the silt under the river per ring of 2½ ft. was 3 hours 21 min., exclusive of all time when work was actually suspended. For a considerable part of the time only two 8-hour shifts were worked, owing to a shortage of iron caused by the change in the design of the lining, whereby the original lining was changed to a heavier one, and, as the work was also stopped for experiments and observations, the average of the actual total time, including all the time during which work was suspended, was 5 hours 32 min. per ring, or 10.8 ft. per day.

The junction of the shields under the river was made as follows: When the two shields of one tunnel, which had been driven from opposite sides of the river approached within 10 ft. of each other, the shields were stopped, a 10-in. pipe was driven between them, and a final check of lines and levels was made through the pipe. Incidentally, also, the first through traffic was established by passing a box of cigars through the pipe from the Manhattan shield to that from Weehawken. One shield was then started up with all doors closed while the doors on the stationary shield were opened so that the muck driven ahead by the moving shield was taken in through the other one's doors. This was continued until the cutting edges came together. All doors in both shields were then opened and the shield mucked out. The cutting edges were taken off, and the shields moved together again, edge of skin to edge of skin. The removal of the cutting edge necessitated the raising of the pressure to 37 lb. As the sections of the cutting edges were taken off, the space between the skin edges was poled with 3-in. stuff. Fig. 1, Plate XXXIX, is a view of the shields of the North Tunnel after being brought together and after parts of the interior frames had been removed. When everything except the skins had been removed, iron lining was built up inside the skins, the gap at the junction was filled with concrete, and long bolts were used from ring to ring on the circumferential joint. Finally, the rings inside the shield skins were grouted.

In order to make clear the nature of the work done in building these shield-driven tunnels in silt, a short description will be attempted, this description falling into three main divisions, namely, Shoving the Shield, Pushing Back the Jacks, and Erecting the Iron Lining.

_Shoving the Shield._--This part of the work is naturally very important, as the position of the shield determines within pretty narrow limits the position of the iron built within it, hence the shield during its forward movement has to be guided very carefully. On this work certain instructions were issued for the guidance of the foreman in charge of the shield. These instructions were based on results of "checks" of the shield and iron's position by the engineering corps of the Company, and comprised, in the main, two requirements, namely, the leads that were to be got, and the quantity of muck to be taken in. The "lead" is the amount that the shield must be advanced further from the iron, on one side or the other, or on the top or bottom, as measured from the front face of the last ring of iron lining to the diaphragm of the shield. These leads are not necessarily true leads from a line at right angles to the center line, as the iron may have, and in fact usually does have, a lead of its own which is known and allowed for when issuing the requirements for the shove.

The foreman, knowing what was wanted, arranged the combination of shield jacks which would give the required leads and the amount of opening on the shield door which would give the required amount of muck. To see how the shield was going ahead, a man was stationed at each side at axis level and another in the crown. Each man had a graduated rod on which the marks were so distinct that they could be read by anyone standing on the lower platform. These rods were held against the shield diaphragm, and, as it advanced, its distance from the leading end of the last ring could be seen by the man in control of the jack valves. If he found that he was not getting the required leads, he could change the combination of jacks in action. As the time of a shove was often less than 10 min., the man had to be very quick in reading the rods and changing the jacks. If it was found that extensive change in the jack arrangement was wanted, the shove could be stopped by a man stationed at the main hydraulic control valve; but, as any such stoppage affected the quantity of muck taken in, it was not resorted to unless absolutely necessary.

If the quantity of muck coming in was not as desired, a stop had to be made to alter the size of the opening, and if, while this was being done, the exhaust valves were not closed quite tight, the silt pressure on the face of the shield would force it back against the iron. This fact was sometimes taken advantage of when a full opening did not let in the desired quantity, for the shield could be shoved, allowed to return, and shoved again.

The time taken to shove in silt varied greatly with the quantity of material taken in; for shoving and mucking combined, it averaged 66 min., with an average of 13 cu. yd. of muck disposed of, or about 5 min. per cu. yd. of material.

_Pushing Back the Jacks._--This was a simple matter, and merely consisted in making the loose push-back connection to each jack as it had to be sent back. Some of the jacks became strained and bent, and had to be taken out and replaced. Where there was silt pressure against the face of the shield, the hydraulic pressure had to be kept on until the ring was erected. In such cases, only two or three jacks could be pushed back at a time, and only after a segment had been set in position, and the pressure taken on it, could the next jack be pushed back, and so on around the ring. The time between the finish of the shove (hydraulic pressure turned off) and the placing of the first segment, was occupied in pushing back the bottom jacks and cleaning dirt off the tail of the shield, and averaged about 14 min.

_Erecting the Iron Lining._--As soon as the shove was over, the whole force, when in silt, set to work at building up the iron and then tightening the bolts so that the shield could be shoved again. A section of the tunnel with bolting and working platform is shown on Plate XL.

In the early part of the work, when the ground was being excavated ahead of the shield, the whole force, with the exception of those working in front of the shield, was engaged in erecting the iron, but, as soon as this was done, most of the men returned to the mucking, and only the iron workers continued to tighten up bolts. On the other sections, where the shield was shoved into the silt without excavating ahead, as soon as the shove was completed, the whole force was engaged in the erection of the iron and the tightening of the bolts, until they were so tight that the shield could be shoved again for another ring.

The iron was brought into the tunnel on flat cars, two segments to the car, and was lifted from the car and lowered into the invert of the shield by a block and fall and chain sling, as shown in Fig. 2, Plate XXXIX. The bottom three or four segments were pushed around into position with the erector, the head simply bearing against the longitudinal flange without being attached to the segment; the upper segments, however, were, as shown in Fig. 2, Plate XXXVIII, and Fig. 1, Plate XLI, attached to the erector, by using the expanding bar and the erector head designed by Mr. Patrick Fitzgerald, the Tunnel Superintendent. This was found to be a most convenient arrangement.

The single erector attached to the center of the shield was able to erect the iron as fast as it could be brought into the tunnel, and even when the weight of the segments was increased 25% (from 2,060 to 2,580 lb.) it always proved equal to its task, although occasionally one of the chains in the mechanism broke and delayed the work for an hour or so; but the sum of all the delays from this cause and from breaks and leaks in the hydraulic line only averaged 13 min. per ring. The operating valve which was first used was a four-spindle turning valve, but this was replaced by a sliding valve which was found to be much more satisfactory, both in ease of operation and freedom from failure.

As the iron was put into place, two of the middle bolts in each longitudinal flange and two in each circumferential one were pulled as tight as possible, and the others put in loosely; then, as soon as the ring was in position, as large a force as could be conveniently worked at one time was engaged in tightening the bolts. The shape of the tunnel depended on the thoroughness of the tightening of the bolts, and the shield was never shoved until the bolts in all the longitudinal flanges had been thoroughly tightened. In addition, all the bolts in the circumferential flanges below the axis were tightened, and at least three of the six in each segment above. After the shield had been shoved ahead, the bolts were found to have slackened, and, where the daily progress was four rings, or more, it was necessary to have a small gang of men always at this work.

In order to get at the bolts, special platforms were necessary, and throughout the greater part of the work, a traveling platform was used. This enabled the men to reach handily all parts of the seven leading rings. This platform was supported and moved forward on wheels fixed on brackets to the tunnel, and was pulled forward by connecting chains every time the shield was shoved. In the early part of the work it was not possible to use platforms, because, in order to maintain the correct circular shape of the iron lining, it was necessary to put in temporary horizontal turnbuckles at axis level. These, however, were very convenient for supporting the planks which were used as a temporary bolting platform for the sides of the tunnel, and a temporary platform resting on 6 by 6-in. timbers across the tunnel enabled the bolts in the crown of the tunnel to be reached, while the 6 by 6-in. timbers were left in to support the emergency platform previously described (Plate XL), which extended the entire length of the tunnel.

The time taken to erect the iron lining became shorter and shorter as the tunnel organization became more perfect and the force better trained, so that, whereas, in the early part of the work, it frequently took 6 hours to erect a ring, in the latter part, when the work was nearing completion, it was a common occurrence to erect a ring in 30 min. The average time in the "heavy iron" section, which included the greater part of the work under the river, was 1 hour 4 min. for the erection of the ring and 40 min. for tightening the bolts after that had been completed, so that the total time spent by the whole gang on erection and bolting averaged 1 hour 44 min. per ring, exclusive of the time spent by the small gang which was always engaged in tightening the bolts. The average time spent in erecting and bolting, for the whole length of the tube tunnels, was 2 hours 15 min. per ring.

_Tables of Progress._--Tables 24, 25, 26, and 27 have been prepared to show the time taken in the various operations at each working face.

In Tables 24, 25, 26, and 27, the following symbols are used:

_A_--Including assistant superintendents, foremen, and
electricians, in driving the shield, erecting iron, mucking,
attending to the electric lights, and repairing the pipe line.

_B_--Drillers, drillers' helpers, drill foremen, and nippers.

_C_--All men grouting.

_D_--Engineers and laborers wholly employed on transport between the
first lock and the face.

_E_--In rock, one car = 0.60 cu. yd.; in sand or silt = 1.20 cu. yd.
in place.

_F_--Time between completion of mucking and putting in first plate,
spent in shoving the jacks back.

_G_--In ordinary iron = the whole time spent on erection and
bolting. In heavy iron = the time between putting in the first
plate and placing the key only.

_H_--Time between placing the key and starting the next shove, spent
by the whole gang in tightening bolts. In addition to this,
there was a small gang which spent its whole time at this work.

_I_--In Table 24 the first pair of bore segments is at ring 207-208.
" " 25 " " " " " " " " " 201-202.
" " 26 " " " " " " " " " 185-186.
" " 27 " " " " " " " " " 171-172.

Outside diameter of tunnel = 23 ft. 0 in.
Inside " " " = 21 ft. 2 in.
Length of ring = 2 ft. 6 in.

In the "Ordinary Iron" section the time is divided between mucking (which included the shoving and pushing back of the jacks) and the erection time (which included the time spent by the whole gang in tightening bolts). In the "Heavy Iron" section these times are all separated into "Mucking," "Pushing Back Jacks," "Erecting," and "Bolting," and here the bolting time included only that spent on bolts by the whole gang; in addition, there was a small gang engaged solely in tightening bolts. The lost time is the average time lost due to the break-down of hydraulic pipe lines, damaged jacks, and broken erector chains. The erection time is separated for the various kinds of rings, that is, straight ordinary rings, rings containing No. 1 bore segments, rings containing No. 2 bore segments, and taper rings, and it will be seen that, on the average, taper rings took 22 min. (or 24%) more time to erect and to bolt than ordinary ones, and that rings containing No. 2 bore segments took 14 min. (or 15%) more.

TABLE 24.--SHIELD-DRIVEN TUNNEL WORK, MANHATTAN SHAFT, RIVER TUNNEL NORTH. Table showing the size of the gang, the amount of excavation, and the time per ring taken for the various operations involved in building tunnel through the several kinds of ground encountered; also the extent and nature of all the unavoidable delays.

TABLE 24 PART 1

=+===========+=======+=============+===+=============+=====+===+==+==| W| | | AVE. NO. | e| | | OF MEN | i| | DESCRIPTION | IN GANG | g| |-------+-------------+---+-------------+--+--+---+--+--| h| | | |Ave| | | | |A | | t| | | |air| | |D |G |i | | | | | | | | |r |r |r | | o| | | |P | |S |i |o | | | f| | | |r | |h |l |u |t |T | | | | |e | |i |l |t |r |o | | | | |s | |e |i |i |a |t | i| | | |s | |l |n |n |n |a | r| Section | | |u | |d |g |g |s |l | o| between | Length| |r |Method of |--+--+---+--| | n| rings |in feet|Material |e |Excavation |A |B |C |D | | -+-----------+-------+-------------+---|-------------+--+--+---+--+--| | 1-54 | 135.0|Rock | |[P] | | | | |14| | 55-80 | 65.0| " |19 |[P] |24| 7|1/3| 1|32| | 81-107 | 65.0|Soft rock |18 |[P] |22| 5| | 2|29| O| 108-153 | 117.5|Rock |14 |[P] |17|11| | 2|30| r| 154-194 | 102.5|Rock and |14 |[P] |23| 6| | 2|31| d| | |earth | | | | | | | i| 195-215 | 52.5|Silt |19 |[P]Breasting |28| | | 2|30| n| 216-393 | 445.0| " |20 |[Q]8 doors |27| | | 4|31| a| 394-429 | 90.0|Silt, piles, |24 |[C]Breasting |28| | | 4|32| r| | |rip-rap | | | | | | | y| 430-509 | 200.0|Silt |23 |[Q]1 door |24| | | 3|27| | 510-692 | 457.5| " |23 |[Q]3 doors |26| | | 4|30| | 55-692 |1,593.0| |20 | |25| 2| | 3|30| | 216-692 |1,192.5| |22 | |26| | | 4|30| -+-----------+-------+-------------+---+-------------+--+--+---+--+--| | 693-954 | 655.0|Silt |24 |[Q]1 door |28| | | 6|34| | 955-1,014 | 150.0| " |24 |[Q]1 " |28| | | 8|36| |1,015-1,074| 150.0| " |24 |[Q]1 " |25| | | 8|33| H|1,075-1,134| 150.0| " |24 |[Q]1 " |27| | | 9|36| e|1,135-1,194| 150.0| " |25 |[Q]1 " |26| | | 8|34| a|1,195-1,224| 75.0| " |25 |[Q]1 " |24| | | 9|33| v|1,225-1,262| 95.0| " |25 |[Q]1 " |23| | | 9|32| y|1,263-1,277| 37.5| " |25 |[Q]1 " |24| | |10|34| |1,278-1,307| 75.0| " |25 |[Q]1 " |21| | |10|31| |1,308-1,326| 47.5| " |28 |[Q]1 " |27| | |11|38| | 955-1,326| 930.0| |24 | |26| | | 9|35| | 693-1,326|1,585.0| |24 | |27| | | 8|35| -+-----------+-------+-------------+---+-------------+--+--+---+--+--| A| 216-1,326|2,777.5| |23 | |27| | | 7|34| l| 55-1,326|3,180.0| |22 | |26| | | 6|32| l| | | | | | | | | | | =+===========+=======+=============+===+=============+==+==+===+==+==|

TABLE 24 PART 2

=+===========+====+=====+=====+========+====+====+====+====+====| W| | | |Av. | | TIME FOR RING | e| | | | | | ERECTION, | i| | | |Time | | HRS. AND MIN. | g| |----+-----| | |----+----+----+----+----| h| |Av. |Time |per | | | | | | | t| |No. |Muck-| |T | O | | | | | | |of |ing, |ring,|i | r | | | | | o| |cu. |per | |m | d | B | B | | | f| |yd. |cu. |shov-|e J | i | o | o | T | | | |per |yd. |ing |a | n | r | r | a | M | | |ring| | |f c | a | e | e | p | e | i| | | |and |o k | r | | | e | a | r| Section | | | |r s | y | 1 | 2 | r | n | o| between | | |Muck-+--------+----+----+----+----+----| n| rings |E | |ing | F | G | G | G | G | G | -+-----------+----+-----+-----+--------+----+----+----+----+----| | 1-54 | | | |Time for|4-00| | |4-21|4-04| | 55-80 |41 |0-31 |21-00|jacks |6-04| | |5-30|5-57| | 81-107 |41 |0-33 |22-30|for |4-26| | | |4-26| O| 108-153 |41 |0-39 |26-31|light |3-10| | |3-30|3-12| r| 154-194 |41 |0-27 |18-34|iron is |2-08| J. | J. |2-40|2-10| d| | | | |included| | | | | | i| 195-215 |41 |0-10 | 6-46|in |3-03|3-30|3-30| |3-09| n| 216-393 |46 |0-05 | 3-53|shoving |2-40|2-56|3-00|3-10|2-50| a| 394-429 |46 |0-18 |17-09|and |3-43|3-39|4-46|4-11|3-56| r| | | | |mucking | | | | | | y| 430-509 |11 |0-10 | 1-42| |3-14|4-12|3-59|3-46|3-34| | 510-692 |30 |0-05 | 1-47| |2-08|2-21|2-32|2-50|2-18| | 55-692 |30 |0-15 | 7-35|[N] |3-02| | |4-31|3-12| | 216-692 |30 |0-07 | 3-42|[N] |2-38|2-59|3-08|1-30|2-50| -+-----------+----+-----+-----+--------+----+----+----+----+----| | 693- 954|11 |0-12 | 1-02|[N] |1-52|2-05|2-15|2-29|2-0 | | 955-1,014|12 |0-04 | 0-48|0-16 |0-51|1-18|1-08|0-50|0-58| |1,015-1,074|12 |0-03 | 0-41|0-13 |0-43|0-46|0-55|0-40|0-45| H|1,075-1,134| 8 |0-04 | 0-34|0-12 |1-04|1-01|1-15|1-20|1-08| e|1,135-1,194| 8 |0-04 | 0-33|0-13 |0-53|0-51|0-58|0-46|0-53| a|1,195-1,224| 6 |0-04 | 0-24|0-12 |0-58|0-42|0-53|0-50|0-54| v|1,225-1,262| 5 |0-05 | 0-23|0-10 |0-48|0-49|0-50|0-35|0-47| y|1,263-1,277|10 |0-04 | 0-36|0-11 |0-47|0-50|0-52|0-48|0-52| |1,278-1,307|17 |0-04 | 1-09|0-10 |1-03|1-01|1-06|0-00|1-04| |1,308-1,326|22 |0-05 | 1-39|0-18 |1-25|1-48|1-50|0-50|1-31| | 955-1,326|11 |0-04 | 0-41|0-13 |0-55|0-59|1-03|0-55|0-58| | 693-1,326|12 |0-04 | 0-51|[N] |1-27|1-34|1-41|1-38|1-31| -+-----------+----+-----+-----+--------+----+----+----+----+----| A| 216-1,326|19 |0-06 | 1-59|[N] |1-55|2-08|2-16|1-35|2-03| l| 55-1,326|21 |0-10 | 4-13|[N] | | | | |2-22| l| | | | | | | | | | | =+===========+====+=====+=====+========+====+====+====+====+====|

TABLE 24 PART 3

=+===========+====+====+====+====+====+====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====| W| | BOLTING TIME, WHOLE |Time| | e| | TIME ON BOLTS AFTER | | | i| | RING IS COMPLETE. |lost| TOTAL TIME. | g| |----+----+----+----+----| |-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| h| | | | | | |re- | | | | | | t| | O | | | | |pair- | | | | | | | r | | | | |ing | | | | | | o| | d | B | B | | | | O | | | | | f| | i | o | o | T | |hy- | r | | | | | | | n | r | r | a | M |drau- d | B | B | | | | | a | e | e | p | e |lic | i | o | o | T | | i| | r | | | e | a | | n | r | r | a | M | r| Section | y | 1 | 2 | r | n |pip-| a | e | e | p | e | o| between |----+----+----+----+----|ing | r | | | e | a | n| rings | H | H | H | H | H | | y | 1 | 2 | r | n | -+-----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| | 1-54 | Excavation partially completed previously. | | 55-80 |} {| |27-4 | | |26-30|26-57| O| 81-107 |} {| |26-56| | | |26-56| r| 108-153 |} {| |29-41| | |30-1 |29-43| d| 154-194 |} {| |20-42| | |21-14|20-44| i| |} {| | | | | | | n| 195-215 |} {| | 9-49|10-16|10-16| | 9-55| a| 216-393 |} Bolting time for {|0-09| 6-42| 6-58| 7-02| 7-12| 6-52| r| 394-429 |} light iron is {| |23-79|23-25|24-32|23-57|23-42| y| |} included in {| | | | | | | | 430-509 |} erection. {|0-18| 5-14| 6-12| 5-59| 5-46| 5-34| | 510-692 |} {|0-11| 4-06| 4-19| 4-30| 4-48| 4-16| | 55-692 |} {|0-17|10-54| | |12-23|11-04| | 216-692 |} {|0-25| 6-45| 7-06| 7-15| 5-37| 6-57| -+-----------|} {|----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| | 693- 954|} {|0-13| 3-7 | 3-20| 3-30| 3-44| 3-15| | 955-1,014|0-24|0-21|0-37|0-10|0-25|0 | 2-19| 2-43| 2-49| 2-04| 2-27| |1,015-1,074|0-31|0-30|0-52|0-23|0-34|0-02| 2-10| 2-12| 2-43| 1-59| 2-15| H|1,075-1,134|0-28|0-35|1-40|0-52|0-44|0-03| 2-21| 2-25| 3-44| 3-01| 2-41| e|1,135-1,194|0-32|0-20|0-24|0-18|0-26|0 | 2-11| 1-57| 2-08| 1-50| 2-05| a|1,195-1,224|0-19|0-20|0-34|0-35|0-23|0 | 1-53| 1-38| 2-03| 2-01| 1-53| v|1,225-1,262|0-29|0-29|0-36|0-18|0-30|0 | 1-50| 1-51| 1-59| 1-26| 1-50| y|1,263-1,277|0-23|0-23|0-41|0-23|0-27|0 | 1-57| 2-0 | 2-20| 1-58| 2-06| |1,278-1,307|0-33|0-34|0-51|0-0 |0-36|0 | 2-55| 2-54| 3-16| 0-0 | 2-59| |1,308-1,326|0-49|0-42|0-58|0-25|0-48|0 | 4-11| 4-27| 4-45| 3-12| 4-16| | 955-1,326|0-29|0-27|0-49|0-31|0-32|0 | 2-18| 2-20| 2-46| 2-20| 2-24| | 693-1,326|[O] | | | | |0-06| 2-24| 2-31| 2-38| 2-35| 2-28| -+-----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| A| 216-1,326|[O] | | | | |0-16| | | | | 4-18| l| 55-1,326|[O] | | | | |0-12| | | | | 6-47| l| | | | | | | | | | | | | =+===========+====+====+====+====+====+====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====|

TABLE 24 SUMMARY PART 1

===+===========+=======+==============+====+============+==+==+===+==+==|
| | | AVE. NO. |
W| | | OF MEN |
e| | DESCRIPTION | IN GANG |
i| |-------+--------------+----+------------+--+--+---+--+--|
g| | | |Ave.| | | | | | |
h| | | |air | | | | | | |
t| | | | | | | | | A| |
| | | |P | | | D| G | i| |
o| | | |r | | | r| r | r| |
f| | | |e | | S| i| o | | |
| | | |s | | h| l| u | T|T |
i| | | |s | | i| l| t | r|o |
r| Section | | |u | | e| i| i | a|t |
o| between |Length | |r |Method of | l| n| n | n|a |
n| rings |in feet| Material |e |Excavation | d| g| g | s|l |
---+-----------+-------+--------------+----+------------+--+--+---+--+--|
O {| 1-54 | 135.0|Rock |0 | [P] | | | | |14|
r {| 55-194 | 350.0|Earth and rock|16 | [P] |22| 6|1/3| 2|30|
d {| 195-393 | 497.5|Silt |20 |[P]Breasting|27| | | 4|31|
i {| 394-440 | 117.5| " |24 |[P]Breasting|28| | | 4|32|
n {| 441-692 | 630.0| " |23 |[Q]3 doors |25| | | 4|29|
a {|-----------+-------+--------------+----+------------+--+--+---+--+--|
r {| 216-692 |1,192.5| |22 | |26| | | 4|30|
y {|-----------+-------+--------------+----+------------+--+--+---+--+--|
{| 55-692 |1,595.0| |20 | |25| 2| | 3|30|
---+-----------+-------+--------------+----+------------+--+--+---+--+--|
Hvy| 693-1,326|1,585.0|Silt |24 |[Q]1 door |27| | | 8|35|
---+-----------+-------+--------------+----+------------+--+--+---+--+--|
All| 55-1,326|3,180.0| |22 | |26| | | 6|32|
===+===========+=======+==============+====+============+==+==+===+==+==|

TABLE 24 SUMMARY PART 2

===+========+========+=======+=======+====+=====+===============+========| W | | | | UNAVOIDABLE DELAYS | e | | | AVERAGE TIME |(NOT INCLUDED IN AVERAGE| i o| | | PER RING. | TIME PER RING). | g f| | |-------+-------+----+-----+---------------+--------| h |Average | Time | | | | | | | t i| No. of |mucking,|Shoving| | | | | | r| cubic | per | and | Erec- | | | | | o| yards | cubic |mucking| tion |Lost| | | Time | n|per ring| yard | [N] | [O] |time|Total| Items |hrs min| ---+--------+--------+-------+-------+----+-----+---------------+--------| O {| | | | 4-14 | | |First bulkhead |172 00| r {| 41 | 0-32 | 21-44 | 4-4 | |25-48|Second bulkhead|119 00| d {| 38 | 0-7 | 4-11 | 2-52 |0-9 | 7-12|Grouting |200 00| i {| 41 | 0-18 | 11-54 | 4-17 |1-41|17-52|Blowout | 73 00| n {| 17 | 0-6 | 2-04 | 2-34 |0-42| 5-20|Cradle |100 00| a {|--------+--------+-------+-------+----+-----+---------------+--------| r {| 30 | 0-7 | 3-42 | 2-50 |0-25| 6-57|Total |664 00| y {|--------+--------+-------+-------+----+-----+---------------+--------| {| 30 | 0-15 | 7-35 | 3-12 |0-17|11-04|Per ring | 0 30| ---+--------+--------+-------+-------+----+-----+---------------+--------| Hvy| 12 | 0-4 | 0-51 | 1-31 |0-06| 2-28| | | ---+--------+--------+-------+-------+----+-----+---------------+--------| All| 21 | 0-10 | 4-13 | 2-22 |0-12| 6-47| | | ===+========+========+=======+=======+====+=====+===============+========|

[N] Including time for jacks.

[O] Including bolting time.

[P] Excavating ahead of shield.

[Q] Shoving shield into silt with ... doors open.

TABLE 25.--SHIELD-DRIVEN TUNNEL WORK, MANHATTAN SHAFT, RIVER TUNNEL SOUTH. Table showing the size of the gang, the amount of excavation, and the time per ring taken for the various operations involved in building tunnel through the several kinds of ground encountered; also the extent and nature of all the unavoidable delays.

TABLE 25 PART 1

=+===========+=======+==================+===+============+==+==+==+==+==| W| | | AVE. NO. | e| | | OF MEN | i| | DESCRIPTION | IN GANG | g| |-------+------------------+---+------------+--+--+--+--+--| h| | | |Ave| | | | |A | | t| | | |air| | |D |G |i | | | | | | | | |r |r |r | | o| | | |P | |S |i |o | | | f| | | |r | |h |l |u |t |T | | | | |e | |i |l |t |r |o | | | | |s | |e |i |i |a |t | i| | | |s | |l |n |n |n |a | r| Section | | |u | |d |g |g |s |l | o| between | Length| |r |Method of |--+--+--+--| | n| rings |in feet|Material |e |Excavation |A |B |C |D | | -+-----------+-------+------------------+---+------------+--+--+--+--+--| | 1-68 | 170.0|Rock | 0 |[R] |20| 5| 5|2 |32| | 69-95 | 67.5|Rock and earth |13 |[R] |22| 8| |2 |32| O| 96-141 | 115.0|Rock |10 |[R] |21|13| |2 |36| r|142-191 | 125.0|Rock and earth |15 |[R] |24| 7| |2 |33| d|192-203 | 30.0|Silt |18 |[R]Breasting|23| | |3 |26| i|204-388 | 462.5| " |18 |[S]7 doors |27| | |3 |30| n|389-429 | 102.5|{Silt, piles and} |22 |[S]6 doors |24| | |4 |28| a| | |{rip-rap. } | |[R]Breasting| | | | | | r|430-504 | 187.5|Silt |21 |[S]3 doors |23| | |5 |28| y|505-629 | 312.5| " |22 |[S]4 doors |25| | |6 |31| |630-692 | 157.5| " |23 |[S]2 doors. |24| | |8 |32| |204-692 |1,222.5| |21 | |25| | |5 |30| | 69-692 |1,560.0| |17 | |23|4 | 0|3 |30| -+-----------+-------+------------------+---+------------+--+--+--+--+--| | 693-766 | 185.0|Silt |24 |[S]2 doors |21| | |6 |27| | 767-806 | 100.0| " |24 |[S]2 " |22| | |7 |29| H| 807-900 | 235.0| " |24 |[S]1½ " |23| | |8 |31| e| 901-933 | 82.5| " |25 |[S]1 door |30| | |10|40| a| 934-988 | 137.5| " |25 |[S]1 " |30| | |11|41| v| 989-1,043| 137.5| " |25 |[S]1 " |28| | |11|39| y|1,044-1,053| 25.0| " |26 |[S]1 " |25| | |9 |34| |1,054-1,068| 37.5| " |26 |[S]1 " |26| | |9 |35| |1,069-1,110| 105.0| " |26 |[S]1 " |30| | |11|41| | 693-1,110|1,045.0| |25 | |25| | |8 |33| -+-----------+-------+------------------+---+------------+--+--+--+--+--| A| 204-1,110|2,267.5| |23 | |25| | |6 |31| l| 69-1,110|2,605.0| |20 | |24|2 | |5 |31| l| | | | | | | | | | | =+===========+=======+==================+===+============+==+==+==+==+==|

TABLE 25 PART 2

=+===========+====+=====+=====+========+====+====+====+====+====| W| | | |Av. | | TIME FOR RING | e| | | | | | ERECTION, | i| | | |time | | HRS. AND MIN. | g| |----+-----| | |----+----+----+----+----| h| |Av. |Time |per | | | | | | | t| |No. |Muck-| |T | O | | | | | | |of |ing, |ring,|i | r | | | | | o| |cu. |per | |m | d | B | B | | | f| |yd. |cu. |shov-|e J | i | o | o | T | | | |per |yd. |ing | a | n | r | r | a | M | | |ring| | |f c | a | e | e | p | e | i| | | |and |o k | r | | | e | a | r| Section | | | |r s | y | 1 | 2 | r | n | o| between |----| |Muck-+--------+----+----+----+----+----| n| rings | E | |ing | F | G | G | G | G | G | -+-----------+----+-----+-----+--------+----+----+----+----+----| | 1-68 |41 |0-14 | 9-53|Time for|5-27| | |4-32|5-07| | 69-95 |41 |0-24 |16-18|jacks |3-02| | |2-40|3-00| O| 96-141 |70 |0-16 |18-16|for |2-08| | |2-27|2-09| r| 142-191 |52 |0-20 |17-27|light |2-08| J | J |2-04|2-08| d| 192-203 |36 |0-13 | 7-58|iron is |2-27|6-00|2-10|3-15|2-47| i| 204-388 |37 |0-05 | 3-19|included|2-41|2-49|2-54|2-56|2-47| n| 389-429 |40 |0-17 |12-42|in |3-15|2-36|5-03|3-26|3-27| a| | | | |shoving | | | | | | r| 430-504 |20 |0-06 | 1-51|and |2-53|3-17|3-00|2-57|2-59| y| 505-629 |27 |0-05 | 2-20|mucking |2-23|2-40|2-45|2-28|2-30| | 630-692 |22 |0-05 | 1-53| |1-54|2-10|2-22|2-23|2-02| | 204-692 |30 |0-07 | 3-27| [T] |2-34|2-45|2-58|2-35|2-42| | 69-692 |36 |0-11 | 6-40| [T] |2-47| | |3-18|2-52| -+-----------+----+-----+-----+--------+----+----+----+----+----| | 693-766 |22 |0-05 | 1-35| 0-25 |1-18|1-44|1-30|1-40|1-25| | 767-806 |22 |0-05 | 1-19| 0-21 |1-00|0-56|1-37|1-21|1-08| | 807-900 |19 |0-05 | 1-11| 0-17 |0-58|1-13|1-08|1-12|1-04| H| 901-933 |19 |0-04 | 1-13| 0-09 |0-59|1-05|0-59| |1-00| e| 934-988 |16 |0-04 | 0-54| 0-12 |0-49|0-44|0-56| |0-50| a| 989-1,043|13 |0-05 | 0-52| 0-14 |0-51|0-44|0-52|1-14|0-52| v|1,044-1,053|16 |0-07 | 0-40| 0-15 |1-04|1-15|0-50|0-55|1-02| y|1,054-1,068| 8 |0-05 | 0-36| 0-08 |0-57|0-40|1-02| |0-56| |1,069-1,110|14 |0-06 | 1-00| 0-15 |0-48|0-54|1-06|1-31|0-56| | 693-1,110|18 |0-05 | 1-29| [T] |1-01|1-08|1-09|1-19|1-05| -+-----------+----+-----+-----+--------+----+----+----+----+----| A| 204-1,110|25 |0-06 | 2-35| [T] |2-09|2-19|2-33|2-19|2-17| l| 69-1,110|29 |0-09 | 4-36| [T] |2-19| | |2-46|2-25| l| | | | | | | | | | | =+===========+====+=====+=====+========+====+====+====+====+====|

TABLE 25 PART 3

=+===========+====+====+====+====+====+====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====| W| | BOLTING TIME, WHOLE |Time| | e| | TIME ON BOLTS AFTER | | | i| | RING IS COMPLETE. |lost| TOTAL TIME. | g| |----+----+----+----+----| |-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| h| | | | | | |re- | | | | | | t| | O | | | | |pair- | | | | | | | r | | | | |ing | | | | | | o| | d | B | B | | | | O | | | | | f| | i | o | o | T | |hy- | r | | | | | | | n | r | r | a | M |drau- d | B | B | | | | | a | e | e | p | e |lic | i | o | o | T | | i| | r | | | e | a | | n | r | r | a | M | r| Section | y | 1 | 2 | r | n |pip-| a | e | e | p | e | o| between |----+----+----+----+----|ing | r | | | e | a | n| rings | H | H | H | H | H | | y | 1 | 2 | r | n | -+-----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| | 1-68 |}Excavation partially {| |15-20| | |14-25|15-00| | 69-95 |}completed previously. {| |19-20| | |18-58|19-18| O| 96-141 |} {|0-03|20-27| | |20-46|20-28| r| 142-191 |} {|0-12|19-47| | |19-43|19-47| d| 192-203 |}Bolting time for light{|1-20|11-45|15-18|11-28|12-33|12-05| i| 204-388 |}iron is included in {|0-05| 6-05| 6-13| 6-18| 6-20| 6-11| n| 389-429 |}erection. {|0-38|16-35|15-56|18-23|16-46|16-47| a| |} {| | | | | | | r| 430-504 |} {|0-39| 5-23| 5-47| 5-30| 6-27| 5-29| y| 505-629 |} {|0-23| 5-06| 5-23| 5-28| 5-11| 5-13| | 630-692 |} {|0-08| 3-55| 4-11| 4-23| 4-24| 4-03| | 204-692 |} {|0-18| 6-19| 6-30| 6-43| 6-20| 6-27| | 69-692 |} {|0-15| 9-42| | |10-13| 9-47| -+-----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| | 693-766 |0-43|1-09|0-52|0-50|0-49|0-07| 4-08| 5-00| 4-29| 4-37| 4-21| | 767-806 |0-38|0-24|0-43|0-38|0-42|0-02| 3-20| 3-02| 4-02| 3-41| 3-32| | 807-900 |0-39|0-34|0-56|0-31|0-40|0-06| 3-11| 3-21| 3-38| 3-17| 3-18| H| 901-933 |0-34|0-26|1-47| |0-43|0-05| 3-00| 2-58| 4-13| | 3-10| e| 934-988 |0-28|0-34|0-34| |0-30|0-06| 2-29| 2-30| 2-42| | 2-32| a| 989-1,043|0-33|0-24|0-51|0-35|0-35|0-04| 2-34| 2-18| 2-53| 2-59| 2-37| v|1,044-1,053|0-23|0-38|0-30|0-55|0-36| | 3-22| 3-48| 3-15| 3-45| 3-33| y|1,054-1,068|0-33|0-25|0-35| |0-32| | 2-14| 1-49| 2-21| | 2-12| |1,069-1,110|0-32|0-40|0-48|0-46|0-37|0-05| 2-40| 2-54| 3-14| 3-37| 2-53| | 693-1,110|0-37|0-39|0-52|0-40|0-40|0-05| 3-12| 3-21| 3-35| 3-33| 3-19| -+-----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| A| 204-1,110| [U]| | | | |0-12| 4-56| 5-06| 5-20| 5-06| 5-04| l| 69-1,110| [U]| | | | |0-14| 7--0| | | 7-36| 7-15| l| | | | | | | | | | | | | =+===========+====+====+====+====+====+====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====|

TABLE 25 SUMMARY PART 1

===+===========+=======+==============+====+============+==+==+===+==+==|
| | | AVE. NO. |
W| | | OF MEN |
e| | DESCRIPTION | IN GANG |
i| |-------+--------------+----+------------+--+--+---+--+--|
g| | | |Ave.| | | | | | |
h| | | |air | | | | | | |
t| | | | | | | | | A| |
| | | |P | | | D| G | i| |
o| | | |r | | | r| r | r| |
f| | | |e | | S| i| o | | |
| | | |s | | h| l| u | T|T |
i| | | |s | | i| l| t | r|o |
r| Section | | |u | | e| i| i | a|t |
o| between |Length | |r |Method of | l| n| n | n|a |
n| rings |in feet| Material |e |Excavation | d| g| g | s|l |
---+-----------+-------+--------------+----+------------+--+--+---+--+--|
O {| 1-68 | 170.0|Rock | 0 | [R] |20| 5| 5| 5|32|
r {| 69-191 | 307.5|Rock and earth|13 | [R] |22| 9| | 2|33|
d {| 192-388 | 492.5|Silt |18 |[R]Breasting|25| | | 3|28|
i {| | | | {|[S]7 doors | | | | | |
n {| 389-429 | 102.5|Silt piles and|22 |[R]Breasting|24| | | 4|28|
a {| | |rip-rap | {|[S]6 doors | | | | | |
r {| 430-692 | 657.5|Silt |22 |[S]3 doors |24| | | 6|30|
y {|-----------+-------+--------------+----+------------+--+--+---+--+--|
{| 204-692 |1,222.5| |21 | |25| | | 5|30|
{|-----------+-------+--------------+----+------------+--+--+---+--+--|
{| 69-692 |1,560.0| |17 | |23| 4| 0| 3|30|
---+-----------+-------+--------------+----+------------+--+--+---+--+--|
Hvy| 693-1,110|1,045.0| |25 |[S]1 door |25| | | 8|33|
---+-----------+-------+--------------+----+------------+--+--+---+--+--|
All| 69-1,110|2,605.0| |20 | |24| | | 5|31|
===+===========+=======+==============+====+============+==+==+===+==+==|

TABLE 25 SUMMARY PART 2

===+========+========+=======+=====+====+=====+==================+=======| W | | | | UNAVOIDABLE DELAYS | e | | | AVERAGE TIME | (NOT INCLUDED IN AVERAGE | i o| | | PER RING. | TIME PER RING). | g f| | |-------+-----+----+-----+------------------+-------| h |Average | Time | | | | | | | t i| No. of |mucking,|Shoving| | | | | | r| cubic | per | and |Erec-| | | | | o| yards | cubic |mucking|tion |Lost| | | Time | n|per ring| yard | [T] | [U] |time|Total|Items |hrs min| ---+--------+--------+-------+-----+----+-----+------------------+-------| O {| 41 | 0-14 | 9-53 | 5-07| |15-00|First bulkhead |160 00| r {| 54 | 0-19 | 17-20 | 2-26|0-05|19-51|Second bulkhead |157 45| d {| 37 | 0-09 | 5-39 | 2-47|0-63| 9-29|Grouting |200 00| i {| | | | | | | | | n {| 40 | 0-17 | 12-42 | 3-27|0-38|16-47|Blowout | 69 45| a {| | | | | | | | | r {| 24 | 0-05 | 1-58 | 2-29|0-22| 4-49|Waiting-heavy iron| 64 00| y {|--------+--------+-------+-----+----+-----+------------------+-------| {| 30 | 0-07 | 3-27 | 2-42|0-18| 6-27|Total |715 30| {|--------+--------+-------+-----+----+-----+------------------+-------| {| 36 | 0-11 | 6-40 | 2-52|0-15| 9-47|Per ring | 0 39| ---+--------+--------+-------+-----+----+-----+------------------+-------| Hvy| 18 | 0-05 | 1-29 | 1-45|0-06| 3-19| | | ---+--------+--------+-------+-----+----+-----+------------------+-------| All| 29 | 0-09 | 4-36 | 2-25|0-14| 7-15| | | ===+========+========+=======+=====+====+=====+==================+=======|

[R] Excavating ahead of shield.

[S] Shoving shield into silt with ... doors open.

[T] Including time for jacks.

[U] Including bolting time.

TABLE 26.--SHIELD-DRIVEN TUNNEL WORK, WEEHAWKEN SHAFT, RIVER TUNNEL NORTH. Table showing the size of the gang, the amount of excavation, and the time per ring taken for the various operations involved in building tunnel through the several kinds of ground encountered; also the extent and nature of all the unavoidable delays.

TABLE 26 PART 1

=+===========+=======+=================+===+============+==+===+===+==+==| W| | | AVE. NO. | e| | | OF MEN | i| | DESCRIPTION | IN GANG | g| |-------+- ------------- +---+------------+--+---+---+--+--| h| | | |Ave| | | | |A | | t| | | |air| | |D |G |i | | | | | | | | |r |r |r | | o| | | |P | |S |i |o | | | f| | | |r | |h |l |u |t |T | | | | |e | |i |l |t |r |o | | | | |s | |e |i |i |a |t | i| | | |s | |l |n |n |n |l | r| Section | | |u | |d |g |g |s |e | o| between | Length| |r |Method of |--+---+---+--+--| n| rings |in feet|Material |e |Excavation |A |B |C |D | | -+-----------+-------+-----------------+---+------------+--+---+---+--+--| | 1-24 | 60.0|Rock | 0 |[X] | 9|.04| 0 | 0|10| | 25-55 | 77.5| " |20 |[X] |14|5 |0.5| 1|21| | 56-72 | 42.5|Mixed sand and |10 |[X]Breasting|22|2 |.09| 2|26| O| | |rock | | | | | | | | r| 73-165 | 232.5|Sand and gravel |10 |[X] " |22|0 |0.1| 2|24| d| 166-184 | 47.5|Sand and silt |20{|[X]Breasting|22|0 |.38| 3|25| i| | |with piles | {|and cutting}| | | | | | n| 185-253 | 172.5|Silt and piles |24{|piles }|23|0 |.71| 3|26| a| 254-293 | 100.0|Silt |26 |[Y]8 doors |22|0 | 0 | 3|25| r| 294-301 | 20.0| " |27 | |19|0 | 0 | 2|21| y| 302-307 | 15.0| " |27 |[Y]8 doors |21|0 | 0 | 2|23| | 308-342 | 87.5| " |28 | |19|0 | 0 | 2|21| | 343-347 | 12.5| " |28 |[Y]8 doors |15|0 | 0 | 2|17| | 348-459 | 280.0| " |28 | |20|0 | 0 | 3|28| | 460-494 | 87.5| " |28 |[Y]8 doors |21|0 | 0 | 3|24| | 495-513 | 47.5| " |28 | 8 " |23|0 | 0 | 4|27| | 514-605 | 230.0| " |28 | 8 " |25|0 | 0 | 4|29| | 606-624 | 47.5| " |28 | 8 " |24|0 | 0 | 4|28| | 625-640 | 40.0| " |28 | 8 " |38|0 | 0 | 5|43| | 25-640 |1,540.0| |20 | | | | | | | | 185-640 |1,140.0| |26 | |23|0 |0.2| 3|26| -+-----------+-------+-----------------+---+------------+--+---+---+--+--| | 641-647 | 17.5|Silt |28 |[Y]8 doors |24|0 | 0 | 6|30| | 648-751 | 260.0| " |28 |[Y]8 " |22|0 | 0 | 4|26| | 752-795 | 110.0| " |28 |[Y]8 " |18|0 | 0 | 7|25| | 796-825 | 75.0| " |28 |[Y]8 " |19|0 | 0 |10|28| H| 826-854 | 72.5| " |28 |[Y]8 " |17|0 | 0 | 3|20| e| 855-881 | 67.5| " |28 |[Y]8 " |23|0 | 0 | 9|32| a| 882-982 | 252.5| " |28 |[Y]8 " |20|0 | 0 | 8|28| v| 983-990 | 20.0| " |28 |[Y]8 " |21|0 | 0 | 7|28| y| 991-1,049| 147.5| " |28 |[Y]8 " |23|0 | 0 | 7|30| |1,050-1,074| 62.5| " |28 |[Y]8 " |24|0 | 0 | 9|33| |1,075-1,110| 90.0| " |28 |[Y]8 " |25|0 | 0 |10|35| | 641-1,110|1,175.0| |28 | |21|0 | 0 | 7|28| -+-----------+-------+-----------------+---+------------+--+---+---+--+--| A| 185-1,110|2,315.0| |28 | |22|0 |0.1| 5|27| l| 25-1,110|2,715.0| |26 | |21|0.1|0.1| 3|24| l| | | | | | | | | | | =+===========+=======+=================+===+============+==+===+===+==+==|

TABLE 26 PART 2

=+===========+====+=====+=====+========+====+====+====+====+====| W| | | |Av. | | TIME FOR RING | e| | | | | | ERECTION, | i| | | |Time | | HRS. AND MIN. | g| |----+-----| | |----+----+----+----+----| h| |Av. |Time |per | | | | | | | t| |No. |Muck-| |T | S | | | | | | |of |ing, |ring,|i | t | | | | | o| |cu. |per | |m | r | B | B | | | f| |yd. |cu. |shov-|e J | a | o | o | T | | | |per |yd. |ing |a | i | r | r | a | M | | |ring| | |f c | g | e | e | p | e | i| | | |and |o k | h | | | e | a | r| Section | | | |r s | t | 1 | 2 | r | n | o| between | | |Muck-+--------+----+----+----+----+----| n| rings | E | |ing | F | G | G | G | G | G | -+-----------+----+-----+-----+--------+----+----+----+----+----| | 1-24 | 46 |0-06 | 4-32|Time |6-23| | | |6-23| | 25-55 | 46 |0-51 |39-33|for |4-25| | |5-10|4-29| O| 56-72 | 44 |0-21 |15-05|jacks |2-53| | |3-15|2-55| O| | | | |for | | | | | | r| 73-165 | 39 |0-11 | 6-56|light |2-27| | |2-21|2-26| d| 166-184 | 42 |0-09 | 6-19|iron is |2-31| J | J |6-30|2-37| i| | | | |included| | | | | | n| 185-253 | 43 |0-09 | 6-13|in |1-57|2-44|2-52|2-00|2-15| a| 254-293 | 6 |0-18 | 1-45|shoving |1-58|1-57|2-15|2-45|2-02| r| 294-301 | 0 | | 1-08|and |0-58|1-45|1-50| |1-17| y| 302-307 | 26 |0-09 | 4-03|mucking.|2-20|1-40|1-55|2-57|2-22| | 308-342 | 0 | | 0-36| |2-00|1-34|2-42|1-58|2-02| | 343-347 | 2 |0-36 | 1-11| |2-15|2-20| |2-43|2-33| | 348-459 | 0 | | 0-33| |2-03|2-04|2-09|2-23|2-06| | | | | | | | | | | | | 460-494 | 9 |0-09 | 1-23| |2-49|2-30|2-50|1-50|2-38| | 495-513 | 17 |0-05 | 1-28| |2-35|2-23|1-55|2-10|2-26| | 514-605 | 26 |0-04 | 1-44| |2-12|2-34|2-29|2-15|2-19| | 606-624 | 16 |0-04 | 1-07| |1-54|2-33|2-16|1-35|2-04| | 625-640 | 24 |0-03 | 1-13| |2-14|2-55|2-35|2-46|2-28| | 25-640 | | | | | | | | | | | 185-640 | 16 |0-07 |1-58 | |2-07|2-19|2-26|2-15|2-13| -+-----------+----+-----+-----+--------+----+----+----+----+----| | 641-647 | 19 |0-04 | 0-08| [V] |1-20|2-08|1-65|1-40|1-41| | 648-751 | 14 |0-03 | 0-36| 0-12 |1-21|1-22|1-26|1-55|1-23| | 752-795 | 10 |0-03 | 0-29| 0-14 |0-46|1-25|1-31|2-37|1-10| | 796-825 | 5 |0-08 | 0-40| 0-11 |0-48|1-31|1-34|0-53|1-03| H| 826-854 | 15 |0-03 | 0-48| 0-19 |0-54|1-12|1-02|1-23|1-01| e| 855-881 | 7 |0-05 | 0-33| 0-16 |0-59|0-45|1-15|1-20|1-01| a| 882-982 | 10 |0-02 | 0-20| 0-14 |0-49|1-02|1-01|0-50|0-54| v| 983-990 | 17 |0-02 | 0-34| 0-14 |0-40|0-40|0-48| |0-44| y| 991-1,049| 8 |0-03 | 0-21| 0-11 |0-40|0-48|0-39| |0-41| |1,050-1,074| 7 |0-03 | 0-18| 0-10 |0-43|0-44|0-46|0-40|0-43| |1,075-1,110| 16 |0-02 | 0-33| 0-12 |0-50|1-02|1-06|0-58|0-55| | 641-1,110| 8 |0-04 | 0-30| 0-14 |0-56|1-08|1-12|1-29|1-02| -+-----------+----+-----+-----+--------+----+----+----+----+----| A| 185-1,110| 12 |0-07 | 1-20| 0[V] |1-48|2-01|2-11|2-17|1-56| l| 25-1,110|17.1|0-12 | 3-13| [V] | | | | |2-05| l| | | | | | | | | | | =+===========+====+=====+=====+========+====+====+====+====+====|

TABLE 26 PART 3

=+===========+====+====+====+====+====+====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====| W| | BOLTING TIME, WHOLE |Time| | e| | TIME ON BOLTS AFTER | | | i| | RING IS COMPLETE. |lost| TOTAL TIME. | g| |----+----+----+----+----| |-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| h| | | | | | |re- | | | | | | t| | S | | | | |pair- | | | | | | | t | | | | |ing | | | | | | o| | r | B | B | | | | S | | | | | f| | a | o | o | T | |hy- | t | | | | | | | i | r | r | a | M |drau- r | B | B | | | | | g | e | e | p | e |lic | a | o | o | T | | i| | h | | | e | a | | i | r | r | a | M | r| Section | t | 1 | 2 | r | n |pip-| g | e | e | p | e | o| between |----+----+----+----+----|ing | h | | | e | a | n| rings | H | H | H | H | H | | t | 1 | 2 | r | n | -+-----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| | 1-24 | Excavation partially | |10-55| | | |10-55| | 25-55 |} completed previously.{| |43-58| | |44-43|44-02| | 56-72 |} {|0-04|18-02| | |18-24|18-04| O| 73-165 |} {|0-09| 9-32| | | 9-26| 9-31| r| 166-184 |} {|0-07| 8-57| | |12-56| 9-03| d| 185-253 |} {|0-15| 8-25| 9-12| 9-20| 8-28| 8-43| i| |} {| | | | | | | n| 254-293 |} Bolting time for {|0-14| 3-57| 3-56| 4-14| 4-44| 4-01| a| 294-301 |} light iron is {| | 2-06| 2-53| 2-58| | 2-25| r| 302-307 |} included in {| | 6-23| 5-43| 5-58| 7-00| 6-25| y| 308-342 |} erection. {| | 2-36| 2-10| 3-18| 2-29| 2-38| | 343-347 |} {|0-39| 4-05| 4-10| | 4-43| 4-23| | 348-459 |} {|0-14| 2-50| 2-51| 2-56| 3-10| 2-53| | |} {| | | | | | | | 460-494 |} {|0-27| 4-39| 4-20| 4-40| 3-40| 4-28| | 495-513 |} {| | 4-03| 3-51| 3-23| 3-38| 3-54| | 514-605 |} {| | 3-56| 4-18| 4-13| 3-59| 4-03| | 606-624 |} {| | 3-01| 3-40| 3-23| 2-42| 3-11| | 625-640 |} {| | 3-27| 4-08| 3-48| 3-59| 3-41| | 25-640 |} {| | | | | | | | 185-640 |} {|0-09| 4-14| 4-26| 4-33| 4-22| 4-20| -+-----------+------------------------+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| | 641-647 |0-40|0-35|1-25|0-55|0-47| | 3-08| 3-51| 4-28| 3-43| 3-36| | 648-751 |0-31|0-29|0-38|0-30|0-32|0-12| 2-52| 2-51| 3-04| 3-25| 2-55| | 752-795 |0-48|0-31|0-44|0-35|0-43|0-05| 2-22| 2-44| 3-03| 4-00| 2-41| H| 796-825 |0-31|1-03|0-49|3-27|0-51| | 2-10| 3-25| 3-14| 5-11| 2-45| e| 826-854 |0-22|0-37|0-38|0-20|0-27|0-06| 2-29| 3-02| 2-53| 2-56| 2-41| a| 855-881 |0-22|0-21|0-45|0-40|0-26|0-45| 2-55| 2-40| 3-34| 3-34| 3-01| v| 882-982 |0-41|0-36|0-36|0-15|0-39|0-12| 2-16| 2-24| 2-23| 1-51| 2-19| y| 983-990 |1-15|0-15|0-28| |0-48| | 2-43| 1-43| 2-04| | 2-20| | 990-1,046|0-41|0-34|0-55| |0-41| | 1-53| 1-54| 2-06| | 1-54| |1,047-1,074|0-35|1-15|0-07|0-35|0-48|0-04| 1-50| 2-31| 2-25| 1-47| 2-03| |1,075-1,110|0-35|0-46|0-58|2-10|0-41|0-21| 2-31| 2-54| 2-10| 4-14| 2-42| | 641-1,110|0-36|0-36|0-44|0-54|6-38|0-11| 2-27| 2-27| 2-51| 3-18| 2-35| -+-----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| A| 185-1,110|[W] | | | | |0-10| 3-18| 3-31| 3-41| 3-47| 3-26| l| 25-1,110|[W] | | | | |0-09| | | | | 5-27| l| | | | | | | | | | | | | =+===========+====+====+====+====+====+====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====|

TABLE 26 SUMMARY PART 1