Chapter XV: Part II: Egypt (10)

The dotted lines which are seen in the general map, and seem to mark with too much precision the extent of the empires _Bergoo_, _Baghermi_, and _Kordofân_, are chiefly designed to shew the relative situation of those districts, and how they border on each other, or on Fûr. The authority recurred to was only that of the inhabitants of each country, who affirmed that their native empire extended so many days from E. to W. and so many from N. to S. For the general form of _Dar-Fûr_ the authority is somewhat stronger; the precise termination of that empire being accurately known to the several reporters in each principal direction.

The writer, during his stay in Dar-Fûr, could never find the variation of the needle greater than sixteen degrees W. In what relates to that country, therefore, he has been guided by that quantity of variation.

=No. II.=

=ITINERARIES.=

* * * * *

_From Cobbé to Sennaar._

Bearing. Days.

From Cobbé to Shawer 1½

From Shawer to Rîl S.S.E. 2

At Rîl is a large pool of water, never completely dry,
and a little to the E. of it a spacious house built by
Sultan Teraub, eldest brother of the present
Monarch.

From Rîl to Fadow } { 3
} E. {
From Fadow to Cawb } { 3

Near Cawb commences a ridge of hills, running N. and
S. or nearly so.

From Cawb to Dar Hummâr } { 2
} {
From Dar Hummâr to Emdî } Mean bearing E. { 3
} {
From Emdî to Kreiga } { 0¼

In each of these towns are Fukkara, who administer
justice.

From Kreiga to Ibeit[64] E. 1

Between Kreiga and Ibeit is Abu-Harrâs, a place
distant from the former three hours. Its neighbourhood
is laid out in gardens belonging to the people of
Dongola established there, in which they cultivate
onions, &c. The situation of Abu-Harrâs is in length
N. and S. and the wells which supply it with water are
to the S. of the town.

From Ibeit to Miteina 0½

From Miteina to Autosh 2

From Autosh to Yassîn 0½

Yassîn is a town of Fukkara.

From Yassîn to Breissa, _deep sand_ 0½

From Breissa to Cone 1

Cone is at the foot of a mountain of the same name,
which lies S. of the road. Near Cone, a little S. of
the road, is a pool of water, and this is a place
where travellers commonly repose
themselves.

From Cone to Kinnana 1

From Kinnana to Deggîn 1

From Deggîn to Hellet Allais[65], on the
Bahr-el-abiad, the place which the ferry-boats
frequent. 1

Hellet Allais is situated on the W. of the river. The
river (Bahr-el-abiad) is here of such breadth, that
the features of a person standing on the other side
cannot be distinguished, but the human voice is
heard.—A number of trees is seen here to the W. of the
river, not to the E. Hellet Allais is altogether built
of clay.—A large palm tree grows in the middle of the
town.

On the eastern side of the river is _Shillûk_—not far
removed from it, being reported to be within sight of
Allais.

Shillûk is a town of idolaters, built with clay. The
inhabitants have no other clothing than bands of long
grass, which they pass round the waist and between the
thighs. They are all black; both sexes are accustomed
to shave their heads. The people of Shillûk have the
dominion of the river, and take toll of all
passengers, in such articles of traffic as pass among
them. The name _Shillûk_ is not Arabic, and its
meaning is unknown.—When asked concerning their name
or country, the people reply _Shillûk_. When employed
in transporting Mohammedans across the ferry, they
occasionally exhibit the importance which their
situation gives them. After the Mûslim has placed
himself in the boat, they will ask him, “Who is the
master of that river?” The other replies, as is usual,
“Ullah or Rubbani”—God is the master of it. “No,”
answers the Shillûk, “you must say that such a one
(naming his chief) is the master of it, or you shall
not pass.” They are represented as shewing hospitality
to such as come among them in a peaceable manner, and
as never betraying those to whom they have once
accorded protection. The particulars of their worship,
as in most other instances where I have had my
information from Mohammedans, have not been described.

From Shillûk to Dar Ruga E. ¼N. 1

From Dar Ruga to Waalia E. 1

From Waalia to Shadli E. 1

From Shadli to Sennaar 0¼

Sennaar, _Medinet el Fūn̄_ or _Fungi_, is situated on
the river which flows from Habbesh, which river is
much smaller than the _Bahr-el-abiad_, and before the
annual increase is fordable between Sennaar and
Basboch.

The slaves who have usurped the government reside in
_Terfeia_, on the opposite side of the river. Between
them and the people of the city have been perpetual
skirmishes for the last six years. (1794).

The Bahr-el-abiad suffers the same periodical increase
and diminution as the Nile in Egypt.

_From Sennaar to Gondâr._

From Terfeia to Rhad E.N.E. 1

From Rhad to Dender E. 1

From Dender to Béla S.E. 1

From Béla to Teawa 1

Rhad is on the banks of a river of the same name.
After passing Béla, the traveller leaves the river,
and proceeds by a mountainous road to Teawa. The soil
in the neighbourhood of Teawa is clay, and the town is
built of that material. The people of the place use
for bread the Mahriek, (white maize,) which grows
there luxuriantly.

From Teawa to Râs el fîl S.E. 1¼

From Râs el fîl to Gondâr E.S.E. 7

The officer who governs Râs el fîl is appointed by the
king of Habbesh.—Inhabitants of Râs el fîl called
_Giberti_.

_Road from Sennaar to Swakem._

From Sennaar to Teawa 4

From Teawa to Atbara, a town on that river E. 1

From Atbara to Hallanga N. 2

The people of Hallanga are Mohammedans, but use not
the Arabic language generally. They are of an olive
complexion. The _Mahriek_ in their neighbourhood is
said to grow so large, that the stem at bottom is seen
of the size of a man’s wrist.

From Hallanga to Swakem N.E. 12

During great part of the way the road is mountainous
and rocky. The space between the two last places is
uncultivated, and inhabited only by wandering Arabs.
These are of two races, Bijjé and Okoot. Both of them
breed camels in great number, sheep, &c. Swakem is
situated on an island, in which the governor and
principal persons reside: but the greater number live
on the main land.

_Road from Sennaar to Mahas._

From Sennaar to Herbajé N. ¼W. 3

From Herbajé to Halfeia N. 5

At Halfeia is the confluence of the Bahr-el-abiad and
Bahr el asrek.

From Halfeia to Chendi } { 3
} {
From Chendi to Birbîr } N. { 3
} {
From Birbîr to Shaikié } { 3

From Shaikié to Dongola N.W. 2

From Dongola to Mahas N. 1

_From Sennaar to Fazoglo._

From Sennaar to Dachala E. 3

From Dachala to Emsirié S.E. 1

From Emsirié to Louni S. 3

From Louni to Gerbîn S. 3

The people of Dachala are Mohammedans residing on the
western bank of the Bahr el asrek.—Gerbîn is a
mountainous place, which serves for confining
malefactors under the government of Sennaar.

_Mountainous_—From Gerbîn to Fazoglo S. 4

The mines of Fazoglo afford much gold: they belong to
Sennaar.

_From Gerbîn to Gondar._

From Fazoglo there is no direct road. Having returned
to Gerbîn,

From Gerbîn to Hassîb E. 2

From Hassîb to Beida E. ¼S. 2

Beida is the first town under the Abyssinian
government, and is described as chiefly inhabited by
fugitive slaves, who belong to persons within that
empire.

From Beida to Kourmi 3

From Kourmi to Hasseb-ullah 3

This road is mountainous, circuitous, and abounds with
springs of water. The civet cat is so common in this
district, that in every house, it is said, there are
fifteen or twenty tame ones.

From Hasseb-ullah to Gondâr E. 10

_Mountainous and difficult road._

_Sundry routes of the merchants of Sennaar._

From Sennaar to Gebel-el-Moié S.W. 1

From Gebel-el-Moié to Bahr-el-abiad W.S.W. 1½

From Sennaar to Bahhadîn S.S.W. 0½

From Bahhadîn to Menâjel S.W. 2

From Menâjel to the Bahr-el-abiad. W. 2

_Road to Gondar._

From Sennaar to Terfeia 0½

From Terfeia to Subî-deleib 0½

From Subî-deleib to Wallad Midani 0½

From Midani to the Bahr-el-asrek 0½

From the river to Mendala 2

From Mendala to Kaila 1

_Kaila is mountainous._

From Kaila to Embutteik 1

_Mountainous and deep sand._

From Embutteik to _Goze_, or the sands 2

From Goze to the Atbara 3

This country is inhabited by the Bisharîn Arabs, who
are Mohammedans.

From Atbara to Gebel Cussa 3

From Gebel Cussa to Gebel en Narr 3

From Gebel en Narr to Gondar 12

_A Route which seems to be uncertain, and of which the bearings are
not accurately given._

From the Goze or sands of the Atbara,
abovementioned, to El-Edd belonging to the
Bijjé 3

From El-Edd to Swakem N.E. 12

This road is filled with Arabs.

From Swakem to Gebel-el-Hellé W. 3

From Gebel-el-Hellé to Gebel-el-Sillah } { 2
} {
From Gebel-el-Sillah to Gebel-el-beit } S.W. { 2
} {
From Gebel-el-Beit to Birbîr } { 6

All this road from Swakem to Birbîr is represented as
rocky.—Birbir is situated in a clayey soil.

From Birbîr to Wullad-el-Megedûb } { 2
} {
From Wullad-el-Megedûb to Bisharié } S. { 2
} {
From Bisharié to Shûkûrié } { 3

Bisharié are a foreign race, but Shûkûrié speak Arabic
as their native language.

_Arabs_—From Shûkûrié to Hellalié 4

From Hellalié to Bahr-el-asrek 1

From Bahr-el-asrek to Em-ushar 1

From Em-ushar to Wullad-el-fûrûk 1

From Wullad-el-fûrûk to Hummûr 2

_Clayey soil._

_Mohammedans_—From Hûmmûr to Senût-abûd 2

_From Ibeit to Emdurmân and Halfeia, and return to Ibeit by
another road._

From Ibeit to Bahra E. 1½

From Bahra to Emganatû N.E. 2

From Emganatû to Shegeik N.E. 1

From Shegeik to Gimmoyé N. 2

From Gimmoyé to Emdurmân N. 2

All this country is inhabited by Mohammedans, who
speak Arabic alone.—Gimmoyé and Emdurmân are both on
the W. bank of the Bahr-el-abiad, and the latter is at
the place of union between that river and the
Abawi.—Returning W.

From Emdurmân to Harraza, a mountain of difficult
passage S.W. 3

_Road desert and destitute of water._

The inhabitants of Harraza are idolaters, of mixed
complexion, but most of them of a reddish hue.—They
breed some horses, which they mount.

From Harraza to Abu-hadîd } { 1
} {
From Abu-hadîd to Zerawy } S.W. { 0½
} {
From Zerawy to Esherchar } { 1

Esherchar is famous for its salt, which is gathered by
the Arabs, transported to other places and sold. The
people of this last place are Arabs, but those of
Zerawy, Harraza, and Abu-hadîd, neither Arabs nor
Mohammedans.

From Esherchar to Bisherié S. 1

_Road desert._

Bisherié is full of palm-trees.

From Bisherié to Bahra } { 1
} S.S.W. {
From Bahra to Ibeit } { 1½

_Route from Ibeit to Sheibôn, where are gold mines, and other places,
returning to Ibeit._

From Ibeit to Bahra E. 1½

From Bahra to Khûkjé S.E. 4¼

From Khûkjé to Abu-jenûch S. 1

From Abu-jenûch to Seijé E. 0½

From Seije to Tummara S.E. 2

Between the two last places is a rocky road, with
intervals of deep sand and clay.

From Tummara to Demîk S. ¼E. 1

The people from Abu-jenûch hither are idolaters, and
destitute of clothing. The soil at and near Demîk is
clay.

From Demîk to Khéga S. ¼E. 1

From Khéga to Dibû S.S.E. 0½

_Mountainous and rocky._

From Dibû to Sheibôn S.S.E. 1¼

_Clayey soil._

Near this place, in a deep glen or valley, much gold
is found, both dust and in small pieces. The natives
collect the dust in quills of the ostrich and vulture,
and in that condition sell it to the merchants. They
have a ceremony on discovering a large piece of gold,
of killing a sheep on it before they remove it. The
people are all black, as are those above mentioned
from Abu-jenûch hither. They have some form of
marriage, i.e. of an agreement between man and woman
to co-habit. Women of full age wear a piece of platted
grass on their parts. The younger and unmarried are
quite naked. The slaves, which are brought in great
numbers from this quarter, are some prisoners of war
among themselves, (for their wars are frequent,) and
some seduced by treachery and sold. But it is said to
be a common practice for the father in time of
scarcity to sell his children.

At Sheibôn are some Mohammedans, who live among the
idolaters and wear clothing: it is not said whether
Arabs or not.

The people above described are independent tribes of
negroes, who have no other ruler than their respective
chiefs, the authority of whom is very small, except in
time of war. The Mecque of Sennaar used to claim some
tribute from the people of Sheibôn, but received
nothing regularly.

From Sheibôn to Shurrû } { 0½
} W.S.W. {
From Shurrû to Luca } { 1

Luca is another place where resides an independent
chief: it is also famous for its gold, which, as at
Sheibôn, is the only medium of exchange among the
inhabitants.

From Luca to Koheila W. 1½

In Koheila are Arabs, not subject to any monarch of
the country. Some idolaters also live among them.

From Koheila to Tlinga, a town } { 1
} {
People of Tlinga Mohammedans.—This country is called } W. ¼W. {
by the Arabs Dar Kinnana. } {
} {
From Tlinga to Gebel Sahd } { 0½

Gebel Sahd is within the dominion of Sennaar.

From Gebel Sahd to Baha-ed-dîn N. 1

Still Dar Kinnana.

From Baha-ed-dîn to Gebel-el-abîd N.N.E. 1

From Gebel-el-abîd to Tumbûl N. 1

Tumbûl is under the government of the king of the
Tuclawi.

From Tumbûl to Seisabân } { 1
} {
Seisabân is inhabited by Arabs alone. } {
} {
From Seisabân to Abdome } { 0½
} {
From Abdome to Tuggala, capital of the king of } {
Tuclawi } N. { 0½
} {
This district is called Sagurnié, country of the } {
mountaineers. } {
} {
From Tuggala to Deir } { 1
} {
From Deir to Gebel-el-deir } { 1

From Gebel-el-deir to Gebel-el-Bucclé N.N.W. 1

From Gebel-el-Bucclé to Ibeit N. 0½

_From Rîl to Wara, capital of Bergoo._

From Rîl to Gebel Marra, _deep sand_ W. 2

Gebel Marra to Bishara Taib W. 2

Bishara Taib to the confines of Fûr W. 5

All this road is mountainous and rocky, and the
inhabitants from Rîl W. to the confines of Fûr are
Mohammedans. The water on Gebel Marra, which is a
lofty mountain, rises with some remarkable
circumstances, and it is said to be sulphureous. The
people there feed partly on wheat, which grows near
the place, partly on Mahreîk.

The people who inhabit the confines of Fûr W. are
called _Tûmûrkée_.

From the confines to Dar Ruma W. ¼N. 8

_Desert, sand and clay, some water._

From Dar Ruma to Kibbéid } { 2
} {
_Kibbeid is situated on a hill or rock._ } {
} {
From Kibbéid to Kajachsha } { 1
} {
From Kajachsha to Bendala } { 1¼
} {
Bendala is inhabited by the slaves of the Sultan of } {
Bergoo.—The people of _Ruma_, and thence to Bendala } {
are idolaters. } N.E. {
} {
From Bendala to Wullad-el-Bucca } { 1
} {
_Bucca is a mountainous district._ } {
} {
From Bucca to Dar Misselâd } { 1
} {
From Dar Misselâd to Wara, the residence of the } {
Sultan of Bergoo } { 2¼

_From Wara to Bahr-el-Gazalle._

From Wara to Nimr, where the merchants reside, as at
Cobbé in Dar-Fûr W. 0¼

From Nimr to Battah 2

Battah is situated on a small river, which flows from
the S. and then deviating to the W. falls into the
Bahr el _Fittré_. Battah belongs to the Misselâd.

From Battah to Dirota W. 1

From Dirota to Dar Hummâr 0½

_Road, clayey soil._

From Dar Hummâr to Coseiât 1

_Dar Hummâr rocky._

From Coseiât to Shungeiât 1

Two towns of idolaters.

From Shungeiât to Dar Dajeou—_Caffres_ 1

_Cooka, Mohammedans_—From Dar Dajeou to Dar Cooka 3

From Cooka to Muddago 2

In Muddago are Mohammedans, who are governed by a
petty prince under the king of Bergoo.

From Muddago to Bahr-el-Fittré } { 1½
} {
The people on the banks of Bahr-el-Fittré are called } {
Abu-semmîn, and are Mohammedans. They use little boats} {
for the purpose of passing from one place to another } {
on the river. } N.W. {
} {
From Bahr-el-Fittré to Bahr-el-Gazalle } { 2
} {
_Road deep sand, no trees._ } {

The neighbourhood of the Bahr-el-Gazalle is inhabited
by Arabs, who feed camels and sheep, and some oxen.

_Route from Khukjé to the Bahr-el-ada, and thence towards the
Bahr-el-abiad._

From Khukjé to Baraka S.S.W. 3

_Baraka is inhabited by independent Arabs._

The greater part of this road is deep sand; the
remainder, from _Baraka_ by the Bahr-el-ada, is clay.
The part of that river, which is here meant, is
occupied by tribes of Arabs feeding cows and sheep;
they are called Missicié. This part of the river is
also frequented by wild and ferocious animals. The
Missicié Arabs comb their hair back, twist it, and
fasten it in the form of a scorpion’s tail behind.
They collect honey of the wild kind in great quantity,
and hunt the elephant.

From Baraka to Tûrrût S.E. 4

From Tûrrût to Jungeiôn S.E. 1

The people of Jungeiôn are tall and black; they have
cows, sheep, and goats, and feed on the _Mahriek_ or
white maize. They collect the dung of the animals
mentioned, dry it, roast it on the fire, and
afterwards use it for a bed. These people are very
numerous. The country in their neighbourhood is all a
plain, and the soil clay. They have a practice,
apparently superstitious, of milking their cows into a
vessel with a narrow mouth, that the milk may not be
seen, and never pour it into a dish or bowl; and any
stranger who visits them is obliged to drink of the
dugs of the cow, as do the calves.

From Jungeiôn to Shăd S.E. 1

From Shăd to Inigulgulé N. ¼

_Route from Khukjé to the Bahr-el-ada, thence toward the
Bahr-el-abiad, and returning to Rîl._

The inhabitants of Inigulgulé are idolaters. They
clothe themselves with a kind of cotton cloth.

From Inigulgulé to the residence of the king of Ibbé E. ¼N. 1½

From said residence to the confines of Dar-Fûr N.W. 4

From the confines to Tubeldié 2

From Tubeldié to Rîl 8

_All this road is sandy, but filled with many and
large trees._

_Road from Bahr-el-gazalle to Bornou._

From Bahr-el-gazalle to the capital of Dar Baghermé N.E. 3

From the said residence to Kottocom N. ¼W. }
}
The inhabitants of this district are Mohammedans. In }
the road two rivers are crossed by the traveller, one } 18
of which is called _Kitchena_. It runs from S.E. to }
N.W. }
}
From Kottocom to Bornou, the Imperial city N. ¼W. }

The road lies in part through sand, in part through
deep clay. There are many trees. The neighbourhood of
the Bahr-el-gazalle seems by the description to be a
forest.

The city Bornou is surrounded by a wall, in which
there are four gates, opening E., W., N., and S. A
small river runs near it, which falls into the
Bahr-el-gazalle.

Bergoo is said to be fifteen days in extent from E. to
W. and from N. to S. twenty days.—Bagarmé, in the
former direction, twelve, in the latter, fifteen
days.—Bagarmé has many troops, but Bergoo is estimated
the strongest. The people of Bergoo are remarkable for
their zealous attachment to the faith, and read the
Korân daily.

_Some description of Bergoo._

Within about a day’s journey of Wara are said to be
eight large mountains, the inhabitants of each of
which use a distinct language. They are Mohammedans,
and said to be brave, furnishing the armies of the
Sultan of Bergoo with recruits as often as required.
One of the mountains, called Kergna, is situated S.E.;
another W. which is inhabited by a people called
Wullad Mazé; Gebel _Mimi_ N. Gebel Absenûn E. Gebel
Abdurrûg E.

Other mountains of Bergoo are, Gebel Tama, N. Gebel
Kashimirié, W., each of them two days from Wara. Gebel
Abu-hadîd, E. the same distance.

Three days W. of Wara is the river called Bahr
Misselâd.

_Route from Wara to Cubcabéa in Dar-Fûr, and another route from the
last place back to Wara._

From Wara to Abu-shareb S.E. 5

From Abu-shareb to the confines of Fûr E. ¼S. 1½

From the confines to Emdokne E. 1

From Emdokne to Dar Misseladîn } { 1
} E. ¼S. {
From Misseladîn to Cubcabéa } { 3

From Cubcabéa to Gellé N.W. ¼W. 1

From Gellé to Gimmer N.E. ¼N. 4

The Sultan of Gimmer is subject to Fûr.—The people are
Mohammedans. In the road is found water, and the soil
is sand and rock.

From Gimmer to Zeghawa E. ¼N. 2

_Mountainous._

The Sultan of Zeghawa is also dependent on Fûr.

From Zeghawa to Tama } { 2½
} N.N.W. {
From Tama to the confines } { 1

From the confines to Abu-senûn 2

From Abu-senûn to Wara W. 8

_A route sometimes taken by the merchants of Bergoo._

From Wara to Emjûfûr 2

From Emjûfûr to Timé Degeou 1½

_Another route._

From Wara to Jumbo } { 1
} {
From Jumbo to Doreng } { 1
} {
From Doreng to Dageou } { 2
} {
_Sandy road—Mohammedans._ } {
} {
From Dageou to Kergna } { 2
} {
From Kergna to Ghannîm }N. with { 2
} little {
From Ghannîm to Duida }variation{ 2
} E. {
_This road is mountainous, soil sandy, many } {
trees._ } {
} {
The people Mohammedans, under the government of } {
Bergoo. } {
} {
From Duida to Bencia } { 1½
} {
From Bencia to Dongata } { 3½

From Dongata to Bendala W. 3½

_Mountain._

From Bendala to Bujid S.S.W. 2½

From Bujid to Kibbeid 3½

_Mountainous._

From Kibbeid to Kajachsa } { 2
} {
From Kajachsa to Baniân } { 2½
} S. {
From Baniân to Ain } { 3½
} {
From Ain to Kuddano } { 1½

From Kuddano to Gizân S.E. 2

From Gizân to Wara S. 4

_Another route from Wara, and returning thither._

From Wara to Middeisîs } { 2½
} {
From Middeisîs to Beit-el-Habbûba } { 2
} {
From Beit-el-Habbûba to Truanié } { 2½
} N.E. {
From Truanié to Gidîd } { 1½
} {
From Gidîd to Kuddano } { 2
} {
From Kuddano to Wara } { 3

_Another route._

From Wara to Birket-el-Rumli W.S.W. 4

From Birket-el-Rumli to Goze, _or the sands_ N. 2

From Goze to Dirota E. 2½

From Dirota to Butta E. 2

From Butta to Wara E. 2½

Near Butta is a small river, of which my informer
remembered not the name.—This road is full of a
species of tree, whose leaves are described as white,
and which bears a fruit, which, however, is not eaten,
except by the camels which are fond of it; it is
called _Culcul_.

_Route from Cobbé to the copper mines of Fertît._

From Cobbé to Cussé } { 1
} {
From Cussé to Currio } { 1¾
} {
From Currio to Treiga } { 1¼
} {
_Sandy road._ } {
} {
From Treiga to Beit Melek Eide } { 1
} S. ¼W. {
From Beit Melek Eide to Dar Misselâd } { 3
} {
_Rocky._ } {
} {
From Dar Misselâd to Dar Marra } { 1
} {
_Caffres_—From Dar Marra to Dar Fungaro } { 3
} {
_One day and a half mountain, the remainder forest} {
and clayey soil._ } {

From Dar Fungaro to Dar-el-abid-es-Sultan-Fûr 2½

From the latter to Dar-el-Nahâs 8½

_Rocky road, earth where visible is red._

The people wear a slight covering over the parts of
generation, in other respects are quite naked.

From Dahr-el-Nahas to Bahr Taisha } { 3
} E. {
From Bahr Taisha to Bahr-el-abiad } { 4½

The former falls into the latter at a place called
_Tenderni_, which is peopled by idolaters, called
_Cusni_. This spot is full of palm trees, and another
kind of tree, which by description would seem to be
the cocoa.

Here it is seen that the distance between Cobbé and
the copper mine is 23½ days, direction nearly S. and
that the Bahr-el-abiad is 7½ days distant from that
place, direction generally E.

_Route from Dar Bergoo to the sources of the Bahr-el-abiad._

From Abu Telfân South, ten days journey, is said to be
the source of the Bahr-el-abiad: but the particulars
of the route my informer was unable to give me, he not
having travelled it. The place is called Donga, and is
the residence of a chief or king of an idolatrous
nation. The country there is very mountainous, and in
the spot where the river rises are said to be forty
distinct hills: these are called Kumri. From them a
great number of springs issues, which uniting into one
great channel form the Bahr-el-abiad. The people of
Bergoo go thither sometimes to seize captives, but
there is no trade between them and the natives. The
people are quite naked, black, and idolaters. The
place is said to be twenty days removed from the
confines of Bornou. All the road thither is
mountainous. From Donga to Shillûk 30 days.

=No. III.=

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE
FOR THE YEAR 1794.

+------------------------------------+
| JANUARY. |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| Day |Height|Height| |
|of the| of | of | Course of the |
|Month.|Therm.|Therm.| Wind. |
| |7 A.M.|3 P.M.| |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| 1 | 58 | 76 | } |
| | | | } |
| 2 | 60 | 76 | } |
| | | | } |
| 3 | 59 | 75 | } |
| | | | } |
| 4 | 61 | 80 | } |
| | | | } |
| 5 | 60 | 79 | } |
| | | | } |
| 6 | 61 | 79 | } |
| | | | } |
| 7 | 57 | 78 | } |
| | | | } Always |
| 8 | 53 | 76 | } Northerly. |
| | | | } |
| 9 | 58 | 78 | } |
| | | | } |
| 10 | 59 | 80 | } |
| | | | } |
| 11 | 56 | 75 | } |
| | | | } |
| 12 | 51 | 72 | } |
| | | | } |
| 13 | 53 | 73 | } |
| | | | } |
| 14 | 49 | 70 | } |
| | | | } |
| 15 | 50 | 70 | } |
| | | | |
| 16 | 52 | 74 | W. |
| | | | |
| 17 | 51 | 74 | W.N.W. |
| | | | |
| 18 | 51 | 76 | |
| | | | |
| 19 | 53 | 78 | |
| | | | |
| 20 | 55 | 76 | N.W. |
| | | | |
| 21 | 53 | 74 | |
| | | | |
| 22 | 56 | 79 | W. |
| | | | |
| 23 | 55 | 78 | |
| | | | |
| 24 | 51 | 72 | W.S.W. |
| | | | |
| 25 | 52 | 76 | |
| | | | |
| 26 | 58 | 80 | } |
| | | | } |
| 27 | 57 | 80 | } |
| | | | } S.W. |
| 28 | 60 | 81 | } |
| | | | } |
| 29 | 63 | 82 | } |
| | | | |
| 30 | 60 | 80 | |
| | | | |
| 31 | 61 | 81 | |
+------+------+------+---------------+

+------------------------------------+
| FEBRUARY. |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| Day |Height|Height| |
|of the| of | of | Course of the |
|Month.|Therm.|Therm.| Wind. |
| |7 A.M.|3 P.M.| |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| 1 | 62 | 69 | } |
| | | | } |
| 2 | 61 | 72 | } |
| | | | } |
| 3 | 58 | 74 | } |
| | | | } |
| 4 | 58 | 73 | } No |
| | | | }settled wind.|
| 5 | 52 | 70 | } |
| | | | } |
| 6 | 50 | 70 | } |
| | | | } |
| 7 | 54 | 73 | } |
| | | | } |
| 8 | 55 | 74 | } |
| | | | |
| 9 | 53 | 71 | N. |
| | | | |
| 10 | 56 | 76 | N. |
| | | | |
| 11 | 60 | 78 | } |
| | | | } |
| 12 | 61 | 77 | } |
| | | | } |
| 13 | 65 | 81 | } |
| | | | } |
| 14 | 64 | 81 | } |
| | | | } |
| 15 | 61 | 80 | } |
| | | | } S.W. and S. |
| 16 | 63 | 82 | } |
| | | | } |
| 17 | 62 | 80 | } |
| | | | } |
| 18 | 60 | 81 | } |
| | | | } |
| 19 | 58 | 76 | } |
| | | | } |
| 20 | 58 | 75 | } |
| | | | |
| 21 | 55 | 75 | W. |
| | | | |
| 22 | 56 | 75 | W.S.W. |
| | | | |
| 23 | 55 | 72 | |
| | | | |
| 24 | 54 | 72 | S. |
| | | | |
| 25 | 56 | 71 | |
| | | | |
| 26 | 53 | 70 | |
| | | | |
| 27 | 54 | 75 | |
| | | | |
| 28 | 52 | 71 | |
+------+------+------+---------------+

+------------------------------------+
| MARCH. |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| Day |Height|Height| |
|of the| of | of | Course of the |
|Month.|Therm.|Therm.| Wind. |
| |7 A.M.|3 P.M.| |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| 1 | 73 | 83 | } |
| | | | } |
| 2 | 72 | 83 | } |
| | | | } |
| 3 | 74 | 84 | } |
| | | | } |
| 4 | 74 | 85 | } Westerly |
| | | | } |
| 5 | 73 | 82 | } |
| | | | } |
| 6 | 76 | 84 | } |
| | | | } |
| 7 | 80 | 83 | } |
| | | | |
| 8 | 80 | 84 | S. |
| | | | |
| 9 | 76 | 84 | S. |
| | | | |
| 10 | 76 | 84 | S.W.S. |
| | | | |
| 11 | 72 | 85 | |
| | | | |
| 12 | 75 | 86 | |
| | | | |
| 13 | 73 | 84 | |
| | | | |
| 14 | 73 | 84 | |
| | | | |
| 15 | 74 | 86 | S.W. |
| | | | |
| 16 | 76 | 86 | |
| | | | |
| 17 | 77 | 86 | |
| | | | |
| 18 | 75 | 87 | S.E. |
| | | | |
| 19 | 78 | 87 | S. |
| | | | |
| 20 | 80 | 83 | S.E. |
| | | | |
| 21 | 79 | 86 | |
| | | | |
| 22 | 80 | 81 | S.E. |
| | | | |
| 23 | 81 | 81 | |
| | | | |
| 24 | 79 | 87 | S. |
| | | | |
| 25 | 78 | 85 | S. |
| | | | |
| 26 | 77 | 85 | S. |
| | | | |
| 27 | 79 | 85 | |
| | | | |
| 28 | 76 | 84 | |
| | | | |
| 29 | 79 | 86 | |
| | | | |
| 30 | 77 | 85 | W.S.W. |
| | | | |
| 31 | | | |
+------+------+------+---------------+

+------------------------------------+
| APRIL. |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| Day |Height|Height| |
|of the| of | of | Course of the |
|Month.|Therm.|Therm.| Wind. |
| |7 A.M.|3 P.M.| |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| 1 | 80 | 97 | } |
| | | | } |
| 2 | 79 | 96 | } |
| | | | } |
| 3 | 79 | 97 | } |
| | | | } |
| 4 | 78 | 95 | } |
| | | | } |
| 5 | 82 | 98 | } |
| | | | } |
| 6 | 80 | 96 | } |
| | | | } |
| 7 | 81 | 96 | } Generally N.|
| | | | } or N.N.W. |
| 8 | 79 | 95 | } |
| | | | } |
| 9 | 80 | 94 | } |
| | | | } |
| 10 | 80 | 94½ | } |
| | | | } |
| 11 | 81 | 96 | } |
| | | | } |
| 12 | 82 | 96 | } |
| | | | } |
| 13 | 79 | 94 | } |
| | | | } |
| 14 | 80 | 95 | } |
| | | | |
| 15 | 82 | 98 | S. |
| | | | |
| 16 | 83 | 98 | S.S.E. |
| | | | |
| 17 | 83 | 98½ | S. |
| | | | |
| 18 | 83 | 99 | S.E. |
| | | | |
| 19 | 80 | 97 | |
| | | | |
| 20 | 81 | 97 | S. |
| | | | |
| 21 | 81 | 96 | S. |
| | | | |
| 22 | 79 | 95 | |
| | | | |
| 23 | 80 | 94 | N.W. |
| | | | |
| 24 | 82 | 96 | |
| | | | |
| 25 | 82½ | 98 | S. |
| | | | |
| 26 | 82 | 98 | S. |
| | | | |
| 27 | 84 | 100 | S. |
| | | | |
| 28 | 84 | 101 | S. |
| | | | |
| 29 | 83 | 101 | |
| | | | |
| 30 | 80 | 95 | N.W. |
+------+------+------+---------------+

+------------------------------------+
| MAY. |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| Day |Height|Height| |
|of the| of | of | Course of the |
|Month.|Therm.|Therm.| Wind. |
| |7 A.M.|3 P.M.| |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| 1 | 85 | 89 | |
| | | | |
| 2 | 88 | 92 | |
| | | | |
| 3 | 88 | 94 | |
| | | | |
| 4 | 86 | 95 | |
| | | | |
| 5 | 85 | 95 | |
| | | | |
| 6 | 84 | 94 | |
| | | | |
| 7 | 84 | 96 | |
| | | | |
| 8 | 84½ | 96 | |
| | | | |
| 9 | 85 | 97 | |
| | | | |
| 10 | 86 | 97 | |
| | | | |
| 11 | 87 | 97 | |
| | | | |
| 12 | 87 | 98 | |
| | | | |
| 13 | 87 | 99 | |
| | | | |
| 14 | 82 | 94 | |
| | | | South or |
| 15 | 81 | 94 | South-easterly|
| | | | winds most |
| 16 | 82½ | 95 | part of |
| | | | this month. |
| 17 | 86 | 99 | |
| | | | |
| 18 | 86 | 99 | |
| | | | |
| 19 | 85 | 97 | |
| | | | |
| 20 | 86 | 96½ | |
| | | | |
| 21 | 84 | 94 | |
| | | | |
| 22 | 83 | 90 | |
| | | | |
| 23 | 85 | 96 | |
| | | | |
| 24 | 87 | 96 | |
| | | | |
| 25 | 86 | 98 | |
| | | | |
| 26 | 86 | 96 | |
| | | | |
| 27 | 88 | 97 | |
| | | | |
| 28 | 87 | 99 | |
| | | | |
| 29 | 87 | 100 | |
| | | | |
| 30 | 85 | 98 | |
| | | | |
| 31 | 84 | 98 | |
+------+------+------+---------------+

+------------------------------------+
| JUNE. |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| Day |Height|Height| |
|of the| of | of | Course of the |
|Month.|Therm.|Therm.| Wind. |
| |7 A.M.|3 P.M.| |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| 1 | 80 | 94 | N.W. |
| | | | |
| 2 | 77 | 86 | N.W. |
| | | | |
| 3 | 82 | 90 | N.W. |
| | | | |
| 4 | 83 | 94 | N. |
| | | | |
| 5 | 83 | 94 | N. |
| | | | |
| 6 | 84 | 94 | S.E. |
| | | | |
| 7 | 84 | 95 | S. |
| | | | |
| 8 | 84 | 97 | S. |
| | | | |
| 9 | 82 | 90 | N.W. |
| | | | |
| 10 | 81 | 90 | N.W. |
| | | | |
| 11 | 81 | 87 | |
| | | | |
| 12 | 83 | 89 | N.W. |
| | | | |
| 13 | 86 | 91 | N.W. |
| | | | |
| 14 | 87 | 95 | S.E. |
| | | | |
| 15 | 87 | 95 | S.E. |
| | | | |
| 16 | 86 | 95 | S. |
| | | | |
| 17 | 88 | 96 | S. |
| | | | |
| 18 | 87 | 96 | S. |
| | | | |
| 19 | 82 | 89 | } |
| | | | } |
| 20 | 83 | 88 | } |
| | | | } |
| 21 | 82½ | 88 | } |
| | | | } |
| 22 | 81 | 90 | } |
| | | | } |
| 23 | 81 | 91 | } |
| | | | } |
| 24 | 80 | 92½ | } |
| | | | }S.E. chiefly.|
| 25 | 79 | 92 | } |
| | | | } |
| 26 | 76 | 90 | } |
| | | | } |
| 27 | 77 | 90 | } |
| | | | } |
| 28 | 79 | 94 | } |
| | | | } |
| 29 | 80 | 97 | } |
| | | | } |
| 30 | 81 | 97 | } |
+------+------+------+---------------+

+------------------------------------+
| JULY. |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| Day |Height|Height| |
|of the| of | of | Course of the |
|Month.|Therm.|Therm.| Wind. |
| |7 A.M.|3 P.M.| |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| 1 | 82 | 93 | } |
| | | | } |
| 2 | 85 | 95 | } |
| | | | } |
| 3 | 85 | 98 | } |
| | | | } |
| 4 | 85 | 94 | } |
| | | | } |
| 5 | 83 | 94 | } |
| | | | } |
| 6 | 85 | 94½ | } |
| | | | } |
| 7 | 87 | 95 | } |
| | | | } |
| 8 | 86 | 97 | } S.E. or |
| | | | } Calm, all |
| 9 | 87 | 97 | } this time. |
| | | | } |
| 10 | 88 | 97 | } |
| | | | } |
| 11 | 87 | 95 | } |
| | | | } |
| 12 | 84 | 93 | } |
| | | | } |
| 13 | 82 | 93 | } |
| | | | } |
| 14 | 82 | 90 | } |
| | | | } |
| 15 | 82 | 91 | } |
| | | | } |
| 16 | 81 | 92½ | } |
| | | | |
| 17 | 83 | 94 | N.W. |
| | | | |
| 18 | 83 | 94 | N. |
| | | | |
| 19 | 83 | 93 | N.W. |
| | | | |
| 20 | 86 | 95 | S.W. |
| | | | |
| 21 | 85 | 96 | W. |
| | | | |
| 22 | 86 | 96 | S.W. |
| | | | |
| 23 | 84 | 92 | } |
| | | | } |
| 24 | 80 | 92 | } |
| | | | } |
| 25 | 80 | 91 | } |
| | | | } |
| 26 | 81 | 93 | } |
| | | | } |
| 27 | 82½ | 94 | } S. or S.E. |
| | | | } |
| 28 | 82 | 94 | } |
| | | | } |
| 29 | 85 | 97 | } |
| | | | } |
| 30 | 85 | 98 | } |
| | | | } |
| 31 | 85 | 98 | } |
+------+------+------+---------------+

+------------------------------------+
| AUGUST. |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| Day |Height|Height| |
|of the| of | of | Course of the |
|Month.|Therm.|Therm.| Wind. |
| |7 A.M.|3 P.M.| |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| 1 | 79 | 90 | |
| | | | |
| 2 | 99 | 93 | |
| | | | |
| 3 | 82 | 93 | S.E. |
| | | | |
| 4 | 80 | 91 | S. |
| | | | |
| 5 | 80 | 91 | |
| | | | |
| 6 | 84 | 96 | |
| | | | |
| 7 | 85 | 95 | |
| | | | |
| 8 | 82 | 94 | |
| | | | |
| 9 | 82½ | 93 | N. |
| | | | |
| 10 | 83 | 94 | N.N.W. |
| | | | |
| 11 | 84 | 94 | E. |
| | | | |
| 12 | 83 | 94 | S.E. |
| | | | |
| 13 | 86 | 97 | |
| | | | |
| 14 | 84 | 92 | |
| | | | |
| 15 | 84 | 92 | |
| | | | |
| 16 | 85 | 94 | |
| | | | |
| 17 | 82 | 91 | S. |
| | | | |
| 18 | 80 | 92 | |
| | | | |
| 19 | 75 | 92 | |
| | | | |
| 20 | 80 | 93 | N.W. |
| | | | |
| 21 | 81 | 94 | S.E.E. |
| | | | |
| 22 | 81 | 94 | |
| | | | |
| 23 | 83 | 94 | |
| | | | |
| 24 | 84 | 97 | } |
| | | | } |
| 25 | 84 | 97 | } |
| | | | } |
| 26 | 80 | 92 | } |
| | | | } |
| 27 | 83 | 92 | } Generally |
| | | | } S. or S.E. |
| 28 | 82 | 93 | } |
| | | | } |
| 29 | 84 | 95 | } |
| | | | } |
| 30 | 85 | 95 | } |
| | | | } |
| 31 | 84 | 96 | } |
+------+------+------+---------------+

+------------------------------------+
| SEPTEMBER. |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| Day |Height|Height| |
|of the| of | of | Course of the |
|Month.|Therm.|Therm.| Wind. |
| |7 A.M.|3 P.M.| |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| 1 | 82 | 94 | |
| | | | |
| 2 | 79 | 92 | E. ¼S. |
| | | | |
| 3 | 78 | 92 | E.S.E. |
| | | | |
| 4 | 80 | 95 | |
| | | | |
| 5 | 81 | 95 | |
| | | | |
| 6 | 80 | 94 | E. |
| | | | |
| 7 | 78 | 93 | |
| | | | |
| 8 | 82 | 94 | S.E.E. |
| | | | |
| 9 | 82 | 96 | S. ¼E. |
| | | | |
| 10 | 80 | 95 | |
| | | | |
| 11 | 84 | 95 | S.E. ½E. |
| | | | |
| 12 | 84 | 93 | |
| | | | |
| 13 | 83 | 94 | S.E. |
| | | | |
| 14 | 81 | 92 | |
| | | | |
| 15 | 84 | 95 | |
| | | | |
| 16 | 80 | 94 | |
| | | | |
| 17 | 79 | 90 | E. |
| | | | |
| 18 | 80 | 91 | E.N.E. |
| | | | |
| 19 | 80 | 92 | N.E. |
| | | | |
| 20 | 78 | 92 | |
| | | | |
| 21 | 82 | 94 | |
| | | | |
| 22 | 82 | 93 | |
| | | | |
| 23 | 79 | 90 | |
| | | | |
| 24 | 80 | 93 | } |
| | | | } |
| 25 | 79 | 94 | } |
| | | | } |
| 26 | 78 | 92 | } |
| | | | } Generally |
| 27 | 80 | 92½ | } N.E. |
| | | | } |
| 28 | 82 | 94 | } |
| | | | } |
| 29 | 83 | 95 | } |
| | | | } |
| 30 | 80 | 92 | } |
+------+------+------+---------------+

+------------------------------------+
| OCTOBER. |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| Day |Height|Height| |
|of the| of | of | Course of the |
|Month.|Therm.|Therm.| Wind. |
| |7 A.M.|3 P.M.| |
+------+------+------+---------------+
| 1 | 78 | 90 | } |
| | | | } |
| 2 | 78 | 90 | } |
| | | | } |
| 3 | 77 | 91 | } |
| | | | } |
| 4 | 80 | 91½ | } |
| | | | } |
| 5 | 76 | 90 | } |
| | | | } |
| 6 | 77 | 92 | } |
| | | | } For the |
| 7 | 82 | 92 | } most part |
| | | | } Northerly. |
| 8 | 82 | 93 | } |
| | | | } |
| 9 | 80 | 92 | } |
| | | | } |
| 10 | 79 | 92 | } |
| | | | } |
| 11 | 78 | 90 | } |
| | | | } |
| 12 | 80 | 89 | } |
| | | | } |
| 13 | 81 | 90 | } |
| | | | |
| 14 | 76 | 90 | N.E. |
| | | | |
| 15 | 76 | 88 | N. |
| | | | |
| 16 | 76 | 89 | N. |
| | | | |
| 17 | 79 | 91 | |
| | | | |
| 18 | 78 | 90 | N.N.E. |
| | | | |
| 19 | 80 | 89 | |
| | | | |
| 20 | 82 | 94 | |
| | | | |
| 21 | 82 | 93 | |
| | | | |
| 22 | 79 | 93 | N.W. |
| | | | |
| 23 | 80 | 93 | |
| | | | |
| 24 | 78 | 89 | N. |
| | | | |
| 25 | 78 | 90 | N. |
| | | | |
| 26 | 80 | 91 | N.W. |
| | | | |
| 27 | 79 | 92 | |
| | | | |
| 28 | 77 | 90 | |
| | | | |
| 29 | 77 | 89 | |
| | | | |
| 30 | 76 | 89 | |
| | | | |
| 31 | 79 | 90 | |
+------+------+------+---------------+