Chapter XLI: Some Hardy Flowering Trees and Shrubs (2)

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| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
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| | |
*Cytisus albus |Spain and |White; |A beautiful and popular
(White Spanish or |Portugal; |May |Broom. It grows with great
Portuguese Broom) |introduced in | |rapidity, and flowers
|1752; | |bountifully and regularly.
|Leguminosae | |A bush 6 or 7 feet high, in
| | |full flower is a delightful
| | |picture, and one never
| | |seems to tire of it. Group
| | |it with the common Broom.
| | |It is very cheap and easily
| | |raised from seed. Loudon
| | |says: "In good soil it is
| | |of very rapid growth,
| | |attaining the height of 5
| | |feet or 6 feet in three or
| | |four years, and in six or
| | |eight years growing as high
| | |as 15 feet or even 20 feet
| | |if in a sheltered
| | |situation. Placed by itself
| | |on a lawn it forms a
| | |singularly ornamental
| | |plant, even when not in
| | |flower, by the varied
| | |disposition and tufting of
| | |its twiggy thread-like
| | |branches. When in flower it
| | |is one of the finest
| | |ornaments of the garden."
| | |Loudon also says that bees
| | |are fond of the flowers.
| | |
C. albus |Variety |Pinkish |Rare, and not so beautiful
incarnatus | | |as the parent.
| | |
*C. Ardoini |Maritime Alps |Pure |Quite a dwarf Broom, a few
| |yellow; |inches high. It is a
| |April and |charming Broom for the rock
| |May |garden, placing it where it
| | |can spread out its shoots
| | |on all sides. It is
| | |happiest in sun and dry
| | |soil as the other Brooms.
| | |
*C. austriacus |Native of |Yellow; |C. banaticus and C.
(Austrian Broom) |Austrian woods, |July and |serotinus are synonyms.
|also of Italy |August |The chief value of this
|and Siberia. | |Broom is in its late
|Introduced in | |flowering, when its yellow
|1741 | |flower clusters are very
| | |welcome.
| | |
C. a. leucanthus |Variety |Very pale |Not important.
| |yellow, |
| |sometimes |
| |almost |
| |white |
| | |
C. biflorus |Hungary |Bright |This is not so important as
| |yellow; |the Moonlight Broom,
| |May |Andreanus, and some others.
| | |It grows about 3 feet high,
| | |but even in a group it is
| | |not imposing.
| | |
C. capitatus |Found on wood |Yellow; |This is also a dwarf and
|edges in Austria|June |not important Broom.
|and introduced | |
|in 1774 | |
| | |
C. hirsutus |Asia Minor and |Yellow; |This is another dwarf and
|South of Europe.|June |unimportant shrub.
|Introduced in | |
|1739 | |
| | |
*C. kewensis |Hybrid between |Creamy |A most interesting and
|C. albus and C. |white; |beautiful Broom, which, as
|Ardoini |May |it becomes better known,
| | |will be popular in gardens.
| | |It was raised in the Royal
| | |Gardens, Kew; hence the
| | |name, C. Ardoini being the
| | |seed parent. It is only
| | |suitable for the rock
| | |garden, where its slender
| | |shoots can spread out and
| | |form a mantle of soft
| | |colouring, or to make a
| | |spreading group on the
| | |grass. There is little
| | |trace in it of C. albus,
| | |except in the flower
| | |colouring. This is a Broom
| | |for all good gardens.
| | |
*C. nigricans |Austria |Bright |This is also a lovely
| |yellow; |Broom, so named because it
| |July and |turns black when dried. It
| |August |should be in the smallest
| | |list of beautiful flowering
| | |shrubs, and it is singular
| | |that it is so seldom seen.
| | |The growth is bushy and
| | |smothered with flowers in
| | |July and August, sometimes
| | |before, and lasts a long
| | |while in beauty. Sunshine
| | |and poor soil bring out its
| | |finest qualities. One can
| | |scarcely say too much in
| | |its praise, especially as
| | |it blooms at a time few
| | |trees and shrubs are in
| | |flower.
| | |
*C. praecox |Hybrid between |Sulphur |One of the most fascinating
|C. purgans and |yellow; |of all flowering shrubs.
|C. albus |April to |It makes clouds of soft
| |May |colouring, every shoot
| | |hidden with the wealth of
| | |bloom; whilst when out of
| | |flower there is beauty in
| | |the brilliant green
| | |colouring of the long
| | |slender shoots. It is a
| | |shrub to make groups of in
| | |the flower garden, grows
| | |quickly, does not soon get
| | |"leggy," and is very dense.
| | |The big groups of it on the
| | |grass in the Royal Gardens,
| | |Kew, are one of the
| | |delights of the spring
| | |season there. The ordinary
| | |shrubbery is the worst
| | |place for it, all its
| | |gracefulness is lost, there
| | |is no fountain of flowers
| | |from the slender shoots. It
| | |is best raised from
| | |cuttings, as seedlings are
| | |apt to reproduce C. albus
| | |only. Also well known as
| | |Genista praecox.
| | |
C. purgans |South and |Yellow |Chiefly of note because it
|Central Europe | |is one of the parents of C.
| | |praecox, but is of little
| | |account for the English
| | |garden. It is necessary in
| | |a collection, but nowhere
| | |else.
| | |
*C. purpureus |Found in Eastern|Purple |A delightful shrub when
|Europe in | |properly placed. Loudon's
|exposed | |advice to graft it "on the
|situations | |laburnum standard high" is
| | |bad, and has been followed
| | |in many gardens. This way
| | |of treating the shrub is
| | |utterly foreign to its
| | |nature; it is a _trailing_
| | |Broom, and therefore should
| | |be planted on the rough
| | |garden or some bank where
| | |it can spread in its own
| | |way. We have seen it
| | |falling over a boulder and
| | |making a trail of purple
| | |colouring in May. Rare
| | |varieties are albus, white,
| | |and one with flowers of
| | |rose tint. The famous
| | |Cytisus Adami is the
| | |outcome of grafting this
| | |species on the Scotch
| | |laburnum (L. alpinum). This
| | |curious graft-hybrid
| | |usually excites much
| | |interest when in flower,
| | |both yellow and purple
| | |racemes appearing on the
| | |same tree.
| | |
C. sessilifolius |A native of the |Yellow; |A Broom for a collection,
|south of France |May |but without the
|and Piedmont, | |effectiveness of C.
|and was | |praecox, Andreanus, and
|cultivated in | |others.
|Britain by | |
|Parkinson in | |
|1569. | |
| | |
C. Schipkaensis |Introduced |White |This is a charming little
| | |rock-garden shrub, and very
| | |rare as yet, but well worth
| | |noting for its
| | |distinctiveness and
| | |freedom.
| | |
*C. scoparius |Europe |Yellow |The hardy Cytisuses are
(Common Broom) | | |popularly known as Brooms,
| | |and the Broom of the waste
| | |lands of the British Isles
| | |is Cytisus scoparius, which
| | |makes clouds of golden
| | |yellow in the early summer.
| | |Many a dryish bank now
| | |flowerless might be made
| | |beautiful with this
| | |glorious shrub. Where Broom
| | |is not plentiful as a wild
| | |plant, and therefore
| | |generally where the soil is
| | |not suitable for it, the
| | |soil should be made so; it
| | |need only be well drained
| | |and open.
| | |
*C. s. andreanus |Choice variety |Brownish |This varies considerably
|found in |crimson |from seed, and often
|Normandy by M. |and |reverts to the typical
|Ed. Andre, after|yellow; |yellow Broom. If possible
|whom it is named|Spring |get own root-plants from
| | |original stock. A beautiful
| | |shrub, which we can
| | |scarcely have too much of,
| | |but in some gardens it is
| | |used too freely. When in
| | |full bloom, and the variety
| | |is rich in colouring, it is
| | |superb.
| | |
C. s. pendulus |Variety |Pale |Quite a pendulous variety,
(Drooping Broom) | |yellow |but uncommon. It is
| | |apparently little known,
| | |though so charming when on
| | |a bank or rock garden. A
| | |group of it in either of
| | |these positions would be a
| | |revelation to those who
| | |know not the value of this
| | |family for the English
| | |garden.
| | |
*C. s. sulphureus |Variety |Pale |Described by Loudon in his
(pallidus), | |yellow |"Arboretum" as C. s. albus,
(Moonlight Broom) | | |"the flowers white or of a
| | |very pale yellow." It is a
| | |rare shrub, but should not
| | |be so. Mr. Goldring writes
| | |of it in "The Garden" as
| | |follows: "The Moonlight
| | |Brown is a very
| | |old variety, as it was
| | |described by Loudon sixty
| | |years ago, but it is still
| | |a rare shrub, not easily
| | |obtainable, though it is
| | |grown in some of the
| | |largest nurseries.
| | |Its pale yellow flowers are
| | |in beautiful harmony with
| | |the rich yellow of the type
| | |Andreanus. The only private
| | |garden where I have seen it
| | |in established mass is that
| | |of Mrs. Robb at Liphook,
| | |where all kinds of tree and
| | |shrub varieties are
| | |treasured. I do not know if
| | |it comes true from seed,
| | |but I fancy not."
| | |
C. s. flore-pleno |Variety |Yellow |A so-called double variety
| | |in which some of the petals
| | |are duplicated, but it is
| | |not finer than the type,
| | |though it is interesting as
| | |one of the few double
| | |varieties in pea-shaped
| | |flowers.
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| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
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| | |
Crataegus (Thorns) |Rosaceae | |The Crataegus family
| | |comprises nearly 100
| | |species and varieties,
| | |contains some of the most
| | |beautiful of small garden
| | |trees, both with regard to
| | |the charm of their white,
| | |pink, and scarlet flowers,
| | |and the scarlet, black, and
| | |yellow fruits. Most of the
| | |Thorns are either large
| | |shrubs or small trees, and
| | |are specially suitable for
| | |small gardens, whilst none
| | |of them require particular
| | |attention, as all will grow
| | |in almost any soil and
| | |situation. Old trees
| | |occasionally require to be
| | |relieved of small wood and
| | |decaying branches, and a
| | |good top-dressing of manure
| | |is beneficial sometimes to
| | |those which flower and
| | |fruit freely; but beyond
| | |this Thorns need no
| | |attention after they have
| | |been planted and
| | |become established. The
| | |species can be increased by
| | |seeds, which are obtained
| | |by gathering the fruits
| | |when ripe, and mixing them
| | |with sand. The mixture of
| | |fruits and sand should then
| | |be put in a heap in a
| | |sheltered place
| | |out-of-doors, and covered
| | |with a few turfs. By the
| | |following spring the fruits
| | |will have rotted, and the
| | |seeds can be separated and
| | |sown. A fair proportion
| | |will germinate the first
| | |year, and the remainder
| | |the second. Many of the
| | |Thorns can also be
| | |propagated by root
| | |cuttings. For this purpose
| | |healthy, vigorous shoots,
| | |as thick as a man's finger,
| | |should be obtained in
| | |autumn or winter, and cut
| | |into pieces four inches to
| | |eight inches in length,
| | |cutting the end nearest the
| | |stem flat, and the other
| | |slanting, so that either
| | |end can be readily
| | |distinguished. These should
| | |be inserted upright in the
| | |ground, with the tops
| | |nearly or just covered;
| | |they soon form roots, and
| | |grow into strong plants.
| | |The genus is found
| | |practically throughout the
| | |temperate region, from
| | |Europe throughout the East
| | |and Central Asia to China
| | |and Japan, and in North
| | |America. One species is
| | |found in Mexico--but this,
| | |and in fact all the Thorns
| | |are hardy in this country.
| | |
*C. Azarolus |South-East |Pure |This grows to a height of
|Europe and Asia |white; |about 20 feet. It is very
|Minor |late |showy, and has pure white
| |Spring |flowers followed by large
| | |yellow fruits; the leaves
| | |are about twice the size of
| | |those of the Hawthorn, and
| | |rather deeply cut.
| | |Crataegus Aronia is a
| | |synonym.
| | |
*C. Carrierei |A reputed |Pure |A very handsome Thorn, 12
|hybrid, but |white; |feet to 15 feet, shapely,
|parentage |late |leaves large, bright glossy
|unknown. |Spring |green above, whitish
|Supposed to be | |beneath. Flowers appear
|C. mexicana and | |freely in large corymbs,
|C. tomentosa | |followed by clusters of
| | |pear-shaped green fruits,
| | |which hang on the tree
| | |until the end of the year,
| | |changing finally to dull,
| | |yellowish red.
| | |
*C. coccinea (the |North America; |White; |This is one of the most
Scarlet Thorn) |introduced in |late |striking of all the thorns;
|1683 |Spring |it has large bright-green
| | |leaves, and flowers nearly
| | |an inch across, and in
| | |dense corymbs. These are
| | |followed by clusters of
| | |brilliant scarlet-coloured
| | |fruits. There are several
| | |varieties equal to or even
| | |finer than the species. One
| | |is *Macracantha, which has
| | |spines sometimes 5 inches
| | |long, and bright scarlet
| | |haws, not so large as those
| | |of the species, but
| | |produced more abundantly.
| | |It should be more
| | |frequently seen in gardens,
| | |and is worthy to rank as a
| | |species. Indentata has
| | |deeply-cut leaves and
| | |bright-red fruits.
| | |
*C. cordata |North America |White; |This is a small tree with
(Washington Thorn) | |June |thin, glossy, heart-shaped
| | |leaves and small flowers,
| | |orange-red fruits, not
| | |unlike those of C.
| | |Pyracantha, and carried
| | |late in the year. Birds,
| | |however, enjoy them.
| | |
C. Crus-Galli (the |North America |White; |This is a handsome American
Cockspur Thorn) | |June |Thorn, and one of the most
| | |striking of the whole
| | |family. It has stout,
| | |glossy leaves and
| | |formidable spines, these
| | |often being from 3 to 4
| | |inches long, and gave rise
| | |to the popular name. The
| | |brick-red fruits hang on
| | |the tree long after the
| | |leaves have fallen, and
| | |make a bright winter
| | |picture. There are several
| | |varieties. Arbutifolia has
| | |shorter spines and smaller
| | |fruits than the type; the
| | |leaves are also narrower
| | |and duller in colour;
| | |linearis has long linear
| | |leaves and bright-red
| | |fruits. Ovalifolia has
| | |large oval shining leaves
| | |and bright scarlet fruits,
| | |it is rather more upright
| | |than the type. *Splendens
| | |makes a handsome, shapely
| | |tree about 20 feet high,
| | |and flowers and fruits very
| | |freely; the leaves are
| | |rounded, green, and
| | |shining, and the flowers
| | |pure white, in small
| | |corymbs, and followed by
| | |bright-scarlet fruits.
| | |
C. Douglasii |Western side of |White; |This is a large
|North America |late |irregular-shaped tree 20
| |Spring |feet to 30 feet, and has
| | |short stout spines about an
| | |inch long; the flowers
| | |appear in small clusters,
| | |and the fruits are small
| | |and black. Wood and spines
| | |are brown and quite shiny.
| | |Rivularis has smaller and
| | |thicker leaves, and shorter
| | |and stouter wood.
| | |
C. hiemalis |Probably a |White; |A tree 15 feet to 20 feet
|hybrid, but |Spring |high, round shining leaves,
|origin unknown | |and rather large black
| | |fruits, which are the first
| | |to ripen of the Thorns.
| | |
*C. melanocarpa |Caucasus |White; |A very handsome Thorn. It
| |Spring |is a small flat-topped tree
| | |of medium height, the
| | |leaves somewhat like those
| | |of the Hawthorn in shape,
| | |and covered with a thick
| | |grey tomentum; the fruits
| | |are small, black, and
| | |shining.
| | |
C. mollis |United States |White, |Like C. coccinea, but even
| |with a |handsomer. It is a small
| |small red |tree, 15 feet high, with
| |mark at |spreading head, and large
| |the base |firm leaves slightly woolly
| |of each |on the back; the flowers
| |petal |are large, and succeeded by
| | |bright-crimson,
| | |medium-sized fruit.
| | |
C. nigra |Eastern Europe |White; |This makes a fair-sized
| |May |tree, and has small black
| | |fruit. The foliage is very
| | |abundant, deeply cut, and
| | |woolly on both sides. It
| | |almost hides flowers and
| | |fruit.
| | |
*C. orientalis |Europe |White; |A handsome Thorn in fruit.
| |May |It is a small flat-topped
| | |tree, and has large
| | |clusters of flowers, the
| | |oval fruits being yellowish
| | |red. Sanguinea is a very
| | |showy variety, with deep
| | |ruby-red fruits, but the
| | |scarlet colour of the type
| | |is brighter.
| | |
*C. Oxyacantha |Widely |White; |Too well known to describe.
(Hawthorn, White |distributed, |May |It has been divided into
Thorn, May) |Europe, Western | |two sub-species, viz. C.
|Asia, and North | |monogyna in which there is
|Africa | |usually only one style in
| | |the flowers and one seed in
| | |the fruit, and C.
| | |oxyacanthoides, where the
| | |number of styles is usually
| | |three, and from two to four
| | |seeds in the fruit. These
| | |differences are generally
| | |decided. There are other
| | |differences also in growth
| | |difficult to explain, but
| | |can be detected easily by
| | |an experienced eye.
| | |
C. monogyna |...... |...... |This is the Hawthorn of the
(sub-species) | | |hedgerows, and there are
| | |many varieties.
| | |Twenty-eight are recorded
| | |in the Kew Hand-list. The
| | |most beautiful are aurea,
| | |with golden-yellow haws,
| | |crispa pendula, a pretty
| | |weeping tree; Gumperi
| | |versicolor, very handsome
| | |deep-red, shading to pink
| | |in the centre; laciniata, a
| | |handsome tree with deeply
| | |cut leaves, sometimes
| | |called C. apiifolia, but
| | |must not be confounded with
| | |North American species of
| | |that name. Macrocarpa has
| | |larger fruits than the
| | |type, oxyphylla, large
| | |white flowers and handsome
| | |fruits, a round-headed
| | |tree. Praecox is the
| | |Glastonbury Thorn, supposed
| | |to flower at Christmas,
| | |but rarely does so owing to
| | |frost. This is the Thorn
| | |which is associated with
| | |the famous legend.
| | |*Semperflorens is a good
| | |variety, a low-growing
| | |tree, which flowers for a
| | |much longer period than the
| | |other Thorns. Stricta makes
| | |a dense upright-growing
| | |tree, 30 feet or more high;
| | |it grows rapidly, and when
| | |in flower is strikingly
| | |distinct in appearance.
| | |
C. oxyacanthoides |...... |...... |This is distinguished from
(sub-species) | | |C. monogyna by the styles
| | |and seeds as stated above;
| | |and also by the larger
| | |leaves, flowers, and fruit.
| | |All the double-flowered
| | |Thorns belong to this
| | |section. Atrofusca, a
| | |large, shapely tree, of
| | |weeping growth; the flowers
| | |large, pure white, and the
| | |fruits fair sized and
| | |abundantly produced.
| | |*Flore-pleno albo, the
| | |double white Thorn, with
| | |purest white flowers. This,
| | |like the other double
| | |Thorns, rarely fruits.
| | |*Flore-pleno coccineo, the
| | |double Scarlet Thorn, one
| | |of the most beautiful of
| | |trees when covered with its
| | |scarlet flowers. Very
| | |pleasing when grouped with
| | |the double white variety or
| | |the Laburnum; *Paul's
| | |double Scarlet, a
| | |well-known and beautiful
| | |Thorn. *Flore puniceo, a
| | |rich purplish pink, single,
| | |and fructu luteo, bright
| | |yellow fruits, effective in
| | |autumn.
| | |
*C. pinnatifida |China and |Pure |The variety *major is the
|Central Asia |white; |best to grow. It is
| |May |stronger, and has very
| | |large leaves, 4 to 6 inches
| | |long, thick and shining. It
| | |does not show its true
| | |beauty until of some age,
| | |but it is a hardy tree of
| | |great beauty. The flowers
| | |are in large corymbs, and
| | |the fruits are of an
| | |intense shining red,
| | |pear-shaped, and make a
| | |bright picture in autumn.
| | |This variety is often
| | |labelled C. Layi.
| | |
*C. punctata |East and North |Variable |A good garden tree; it is
|America | |variable, but the accepted
| | |type has white flowers and
| | |bright red fruits as large
| | |as a small Crab apple.
| | |Another form has smaller
| | |deep ruby-red fruits.
| | |Brevispina, striata, and
| | |xanthocarpa are varieties,
| | |the last mentioned with
| | |bright yellow fruits.
| | |
*C. Pyracantha |South Europe, |White |An evergreen Thorn.
(Fiery Thorn) |in hedges and | |Introduced in 1629, and a
|rough ground | |well known shrub. Its
| | |charms consist in its dense
| | |glossy leaves and brilliant
| | |masses of scarlet berries.
| | |It can be grown as a bush
| | |or trained up a wall or
| | |trellis. It is so brilliant
| | |when in fruit that the
| | |French call it buisson
| | |ardent, or Burning Bush.
| | |This Thorn should be more
| | |grown as a bush, and not
| | |confined as it usually is
| | |to a south wall. As the
| | |fruits are bitter they are
| | |not cared for by the birds,
| | |and thus make a display
| | |through the winter.
| | |Laelandi is a variety with
| | |larger and deeper coloured
| | |fruits.
| | |
C. sanguinea |Siberia |White; |This is not of great garden
| |May |value, but effective in
| | |winter owing to the red
| | |bark. Songorica is a
| | |variety also with reddish
| | |bark.
| | |
*C. tanacetifolia |Levant; |White; |This is rare, and can be
(Tansy-leaved |introduced 1789 |May |recognised by bracts at the
Thorn) | | |base of the fruits. The
| | |fruits are very large,
| | |yellow, and of good
| | |flavour, and eaten in the
| | |native country of the tree.
| | |The specimen at Kew flowers
| | |regularly and abundantly
| | |every year.
| | |
C. spathulata |United States |White; |A very distinct Thorn,
| |May |small, and the leaves are
| | |persistent, remaining on
| | |until the New Year. The
| | |fruits are very small and
| | |scarlet.
| | |
*C. tomentosa |Eastern United |White; |A late flowering and
|States |June |handsome Thorn when its
| | |orange-yellow fruits are in
| | |perfection, but the birds
| | |soon consume them.
| | |
C. uniflora |North America, |Creamy |More curious than
|and introduced |white; |beautiful; it is only 2
|by the famous |early June|feet to 3 feet high and has
|tree bishop, | |greenish haws.
|Bishop Compton, | |
|in 1713 | |
| | |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Cyrilla racemiflora|Florida to North|White |Quite a shrub, 4 feet to 6
|Carolina, &c. | |feet high, very rare,
|Cyrillea | |although introduced as long
| | |ago as 1765. The flowers
| | |are in drooping racemes on
| | |previous season's growth.
| | |
*Daboecia |Western Europe |Rosy |A pretty little Heath-like
polifolia, St. |and Ireland; |purple, |shrub growing about 18
Daboec's Heath |Ericaceae |bell- |inches high, and producing
(Syn. Andromeda | |shaped; |erect spikes of
Daboecia) | |May, and |comparatively large
| |throughout|bell-shaped blossoms. It is
| |Summer and|the most continuous
| |Autumn |blooming of its class.
| | |There is a beautiful pure
| | |white variety--alba.
| | |
Daphne alpina |Alps of Europe; |White; |A spreading deciduous
(Alpine Daphne) |Thymelaeaceae |May and |shrub, with white,
| |June |sweet-scented flowers. It
| | |grows about a couple of
| | |feet high, and is
| | |essentially a shrub for the
| | |rockwork, as it is
| | |particularly happy when the
| | |roots are wedged between
| | |stones.
| | |
*D. blagayana |Carniola |Ivory |Like the last, this forms a
| |white; |spreading bush, and is
| |March and |equally at home under
| |April |similar positions. It is,
| | |however, of an evergreen
| | |character; the ivory white
| | |are very sweet-scented
| | |blossoms. It is worthy of a
| | |place among the most select
| | |Daphnes, but difficult to
| | |grow well.
| | |
*D. Cneorum |South Europe |Bright |A delightful little
(Garland Flower) | |rose; |evergreen, with highly
| |May to |fragrant blossoms. A good
| |June |proportion of vegetable
| | |soil is necessary to its
| | |welldoing.
| | |
D. Genkwa (Japanese|Japan |Lilac |In its flowers this Daphne
Lilac) | | |closely resembles the
| | |Lilac, so that it is
| | |frequently mistaken for
| | |that well-known shrub. It
| | |needs the protection of a
| | |wall in most parts of
| | |England.
| | |
D. Laureola (Spurge|South Europe and|Yellowish |The flowers of this are not
Laurel) |North Africa |green |particularly showy, but as
| | |an evergreen bush some 3 or
| | |4 feet high it is valuable
| | |from the fact that it will
| | |thrive under the drip of
| | |trees, and is one of the
| | |few evergreens absolutely
| | |rabbit proof.
| | |
*D. Mezereum (the |Northern Europe |Red; |This is an upright
Mezereon) | |early year|deciduous bush that flowers
| | |in February or March
| | |according to the season. At
| | |that time the still
| | |leafless branches are
| | |packed for some distance
| | |with the pretty fragrant
| | |blossoms, so that it may
| | |be regarded as the most
| | |showy shrub at that time in
| | |bloom. There is a variety
| | |(alba) with white blossoms,
| | |and another (autumnalis
| | |or grandiflora) that
| | |blooms before Christmas.
| | |A cool, loamy soil suits
| | |this best.
| | |
*D. oleoides (Syn. |South Europe |Purplish |A neat growing evergreen
D. fioniana, Syn. | |rose |bush about a yard high,
D. neapolitana) | | |whose flowers are often
| | |borne throughout the
| | |greater part of the year.
| | |It is less attractive than
| | |some of the others.
| | |
D. pontica |Asia Minor |Yellow |A good deal in the way of
| | |Daphne Laureola, but the
| | |flowers are of a brighter
| | |yellow, and are borne in
| | |April and May, whereas D.
| | |Laureola flowers in
| | |February and March.
| | |
D. sericea (Syn. D.|...... |Deep pink |A compact evergreen 2 to 3
collina) | | |feet high, clothed with
| | |dark-green box-like leaves,
| | |while the terminal clusters
| | |of flowers are borne in
| | |early Spring. It prefers a
| | |cool, fairly moist, yet
| | |well-drained soil.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------

-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
*Deutzia crenata |Japan; |White; |A bold growing and handsome
(Syn. D. scabra) |Saxifrageae |Midsummer |deciduous shrub, with white
| | |blossoms. There is a
| | |double-flowered variety,
| | |tinged with purple on the
| | |outside, known as D.
| | |crenata flore-pleno
| | |purpurea. Both are
| | |beautiful shrubs that will
| | |thrive in most soils.
| | |
*D. discolor |China |White, |This has pretty
purpurascens | |tinged |purple-tinged blossoms
| |purple; |borne in flattened corymbs,
| |late May |and not, when in the bud
| | |state, liable to be injured
| | |by late spring frosts.
| | |
*D. gracilis |Japan |White; |The best known of all the
| |Spring |Deutzias, forming a compact
| | |bush a couple of feet high,
| | |and bearing masses of its
| | |pretty white blossoms.
| | |
*D. hybrida |Hybrid |White and |There are now several
| |pink |beautiful hybrid Deutzias,
| | |viz., hybrida rosea,
| | |hybrida venusta,
| | |kalmaeflora, Lemoinei,
| | |Lemoinei compacta, all of
| | |which merit a place in
| | |gardens.
| | |
*D. parviflora |China |White; |An upright shrub 5 feet
| |end of |high, with flattened
| |April and |clusters of white blossoms,
| |early May |very suggestive of those of
| | |the Hawthorn.
| | |
*Diervilla florida |Japan; |Rose; |A beautiful free-growing,
(Syn. Weigela |Caprifoliaceae |Summer |free-flowering shrub, that
amabilis, W. rosea)| | |will hold its own almost
| | |anywhere. Its flowering
| | |time is in May or early
| | |June, but occasionally
| | |there is an Autumn display.
| | |Beside the original species
| | |there are many garden
| | |varieties, all of which are
| | |beautiful, but there are so
| | |many that a selection is
| | |necessary. Three of the
| | |best are: *candida, white;
| | |*Abel Carriere, bright
| | |rose; and *Eva Rathke,
| | |claret crimson, which lasts
| | |in flower more or less from
| | |May till the end of the
| | |Summer. Other good
| | |varieties are: Dr. Baillon,
| | |red; Groenewegenii, rose
| | |and white; hortensis nivea,
| | |white, spreading habit;
| | |Looymansi aurea, golden
| | |leaves; praecox, rose,
| | |earlier than any of the
| | |others; and P. Durchartre,
| | |purplish red. In any
| | |selection of flowering
| | |shrubs some of the Weigelas
| | |must certainly have a
| | |place.
| | |
D. middendorfiana |Siberia |Yellowish |Remarkable among Weigelas
| | |for its distinct yellow
| | |flowers. Though pretty in
| | |itself, it is likely to
| | |prove of more value in the
| | |production of new varieties
| | |by crossing it with the
| | |older kinds.
| | |
Enkianthus |Japan; |Dark red |A very charming and
campanulatus |Ericaceae | |interesting shrub
| | |resembling one of the
| | |Andromeda. A tree in its
| | |native country. The
| | |flowers are pendent and in
| | |clusters.
| | |
Epigaea repens |Ericaceae. The |Pale |In Bailey's "Cyclopaedia of
(Trailing Arbutus, |most popular of |white, |American Horticulture" it
Ground Laurel, |wild flowers in |with pink |is mentioned: "The
Mayflower) |New England |tint; very|cultivation of the Trailing
| |sweetly |Arbutus, especially in
| |scented; |districts where it has been
| |Spring |exterminated by ruthless
| | |'mayflower parties,' always
| | |attracts interest....
| | |Occurs in sandy and rocky
| | |woods, especially under
| | |evergreen trees, in
| | |earliest Spring. Thrives
| | |only in humid soil and
| | |shady situations.
| | |Transplanted with
| | |difficulty. Best on north
| | |side of a hill in bright,
| | |sandy soil, mixed with leaf
| | |mould. Once established, it
| | |spreads rapidly. Propagated
| | |by division of old plants,
| | |layers, or cuttings. Seeds
| | |are rarely found, but when
| | |found may be used, though
| | |slow to develop." My
| | |experience is that it likes
| | |a damp, shady ditch side in
| | |peaty soil. Mr. G. F.
| | |Wilson planted it near to
| | |Shortia galacifolia, and
| | |the two were quite happy
| | |together.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------

-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Erinacea pungens |Spain; |Blue; |Somewhat resembling the
|Leguminosae |May and |dwarf-growing Genistas is
| |June |this extremely rare and
| | |pretty little shrub. It
| | |grows very slowly, and
| | |seldom attains a height of
| | |9 inches, spreading out in
| | |a mat-like mass rather than
| | |growing in an upward
| | |direction. The branches are
| | |short, stiff, and spiny,
| | |and what few leaves there
| | |are are small. The
| | |pea-shaped blossoms come
| | |from the axils of short,
| | |spiny branches, and are
| | |blue. This plant has been
| | |in cultivation for a great
| | |number of years, never,
| | |however, having become at
| | |all common. This is no
| | |doubt due to the great
| | |difficulty there is in
| | |propagating it. Seeds
| | |appear to be the only means
| | |of increase, and these are
| | |borne very sparingly even
| | |when the plant is growing
| | |under natural conditions.
| | |It has been said to be a
| | |tender plant, but it has
| | |withstood several winters
| | |out of doors at Kew without
| | |injury. Plants are to be
| | |seen there near the
| | |Temperate house, and they
| | |flower every year.
| | |
Escallonia illinita|Chili; |White; |A neat evergreen shrub 4 to
|Saxifrageae |Summer |5 feet high, with pretty
| | |white flowers. It is only
| | |in mild districts, such as
| | |the South and West of
| | |England, that the
| | |Escallonias are seen at
| | |their best.
| | |
*E. macrantha (Syn.|Chiloe |Crimson |The finest of all the
E. Ingrami) | |red; |Escallonias, and one of the
| |Summer |hardiest. It is a
| | |free-growing shrub over
| | |6 feet high, clothed with
| | |rich green shiny leaves,
| | |and the bright-coloured
| | |fuchsia-like flowers are
| | |freely borne. It is a good
| | |wall-plant, and stands the
| | |sea-breeze well.
| | |
E. langleyensis |Hybrid |Rose |Raised by Messrs. J. Veitch
| |carmine |between E. sanguinea and
| | |E. philippiana. It has
| | |small, dark-green leaves,
| | |and an abundance of
| | |brightly coloured flowers.
| | |A good shrub.
| | |
E. montevidensis |Montevideo |White |Grows from 8 to 10 feet
(Syn. E. | | |high, and bears its
floribunda) | | |clusters of white flowers
| | |in great profusion. It is
| | |too tender for planting
| | |except in the extreme West
| | |of England and in Ireland.
| | |
*E. philippiana |Valdivia |White; |Will succeed as a bush in
| |Summer |the neighbourhood of
| | |London, where its small
| | |white flowers are borne in
| | |the greatest profusion.
| | |
E. punctata |Chili |Deep red; |A much-branched evergreen
| |July |shrub 5 to 6 feet high.
| | |
E. rubra |Chili |Red; |Differs from the last in
| |Summer |the absence of spots on the
| |and early |young leaves, in the
| |Autumn |flowers being rather
| | |lighter in colour, and
| | |borne for a longer period.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------

-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Exochorda |China; |May; |See p. 2.
grandiflora |Rosaceae |White |
| | |
*Forsythia (Golden |Oleaceae; hybrid|Yellow; |This is a charming early
Bell) intermedia |between F. |Spring |shrub. It may be either
|suspensa and F. | |grouped or trained, but one
|viridissima. | |has to be careful not to
|Represents the | |make it too stiff. It is
|two parents | |quite hardy, and a bush.
| | |
*F. suspensa (Syn. |China |Yellow; |A graceful and beautiful
F. Fortunei and F. | |Spring |rambling shrub, now well
Sieboldi) | | |known. It succeeds well in
| | |London--that is, if given
| | |anything like favourable
| | |conditions. A fence fully
| | |exposed to the sun in a
| | |London backyard is clothed
| | |with it, and each recurring
| | |spring the Forsythia
| | |flowers profusely, and
| | |forms an object of great
| | |beauty. Immediately the
| | |season of blooming is past
| | |the plant is severely
| | |pruned, the old and
| | |exhausted wood being cut
| | |out and the vigorous shoots
| | |spurred back to within
| | |three or four eyes of the
| | |base. This results in the
| | |production of long,
| | |wand-like shoots, which are
| | |allowed to develop at will,
| | |hence they dispose
| | |themselves in a loose and
| | |informal way, and being
| | |from the position of the
| | |plant thoroughly ripened,
| | |the spring display is in
| | |every way satisfactory.
| | |When autumn pruning is done
| | |the best portion of the
| | |flowering wood gets cut
| | |away.
| | |
*F. viridissima |China |Yellow; |Quite a bush, and very
| |Spring |handsome when in full
| | |bloom. Likes full sun and
| | |air.
| | |
Fraxinus Ornus |Mediterranean |Creamy |This is a very charming
(Flowering Ash), |region and |white; |lawn tree with luxuriant
(Syn. Ornus |Orient |late May |panicles of flowers, and
europaea) | | |foliage like that of the
| | |common ash. Angustifolia,
| | |latifolia, and variegata
| | |are varieties.
| | |
F. floribunda (Syn.|Himalaya |White; |Rather tender, but very
Ornus floribunda) | |Summer |vigorous and handsome.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------

FUCHSIA.--Though the genus Fuchsia is an extensive one, most of them are of more value in the greenhouse than outdoors--that is to say, throughout the greater part of the country. Still there are a few quite hardy Fuchsias, for, even if cut to the ground during severe winters they soon recover, while in particularly favoured districts, such as in the West of England and the Isle of Wight, they grow unchecked into large bushes, and sometimes make delightful hedges. Few flowering shrubs are more beautiful than F. corallina and F. Riccartoni when in full bloom. The hardiest are:--

-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
*Fuchsia corallina |Garden origin; |Red; |A plant of more vigorous
(Syn. F. |Onagraceae |Summer and|growth, and with larger
exoniensis) | |Autumn |leaves and flowers than any
| | |of the other hardy
| | |Fuchsias. It is very
| | |popular in the West of
| | |England, but is not nearly
| | |so effective when cut to
| | |the ground each winter as
| | |some of the others are.
| | |
*F. globosa |Chili |Red; |A free-growing Fuchsia
| |Summer and|which, if cut to the
| |Autumn |ground, pushes up long,
| | |wand-like shoots that
| | |branch out freely, and
| | |towards the latter part of
| | |the summer are smothered
| | |with bright-coloured
| | |flowers. In the bud state
| | |these are of a globose
| | |shape, hence its specific
| | |name.
| | |
*F. gracilis |Mexico |Red; |The name gracilis well
| |Summer and|expresses the prominent
| |Autumn |features of this Fuchsia,
| | |for, though as vigorous as
| | |globosa, it is far more
| | |slender and graceful. Where
| | |not perfectly hardy the
| | |drooping flowers are seen
| | |to great advantage when the
| | |shrub is trained to a wall,
| | |and planted in a permanent
| | |bed the old stools will,
| | |even in the North of
| | |England, pass unscathed
| | |through the winter, if
| | |protected by a mulch of
| | |decayed leaves. Very
| | |tender.
| | |
*F. Riccartoni |Garden Origin |Red; |This has the reputation of
| |Summer and|being the hardiest of all
| |Autumn |the hardy Fuchsias. It is
| | |in appearance about midway
| | |between F. gracilis and F.
| | |globosa, and is as good as
| | |F. gracilis.
| | |
*Garrya elliptica |California; |Greenish; |A handsome evergreen shrub
|Cornaceae |Winter and|with very dark green,
| |very early|leathery, oval leaves,
| |Spring |about 3 inches long. Its
| | |most notable feature is the
| | |long, pendulous male
| | |catkins, with which the
| | |plant is freely draped
| | |during the early months of
| | |the year. This Garrya is
| | |all the better for the
| | |protection of a wall in
| | |most parts of the country.
| | |The male and female flowers
| | |are borne on separate
| | |plants, the male being,
| | |owing to its catkins, by
| | |far the most ornamental.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------

-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| COUNTRY OR | COLOUR |
NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS.
| NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
| | |
Genista |Leguminosae |...... |A popular group of shrubs,
| | |allied to the Cytisus, and
| | |delighting in dry sandy
| | |soils. A group of the finer
| | |species is very rich in
| | |colour when in flower.
| | |
*G. aethnensis |Slopes of Mount |Golden |This Broom is perfectly
|Etna, in Sicily |yellow; |hardy near London. It is
| |July and |one of the rarest of shrubs
| |August |in gardens in spite of its
| | |beauty, and it flowers in
| | |July and August, a season
| | |when even inferior
| | |flowering shrubs are not
| | |plentiful. It has a rather
| | |gaunt, yet not inelegant
| | |habit, and assumes a
| | |somewhat tree-like form
| | |when old, being often
| | |reduced to a single stem at
| | |the base. It carries,
| | |however, a wide head of
| | |thin cord-like, arching or
| | |pendulous branches, with
| | |little or no foliage except
| | |when the wood is quite
| | |young. The flowers are of a
| | |rich golden-yellow, and
| | |during the series of hot
| | |summers we have experienced
| | |in recent years have been
| | |especially abundant. It
| | |would, indeed, be difficult
| | |to find a shrub better
| | |adapted for hot, light
| | |soils than this, a fact
| | |that is amply proved by the
| | |way it succeeds at Kew. It
| | |is a good plant for
| | |associating with
| | |medium-sized evergreens,
| | |which hide its bare stems
| | |and render it more
| | |effective when in flower.
| | |It grows 10 feet to 14 feet
| | |high, and is thus one of
| | |the tallest--if not the
| | |tallest--of the Brooms
| | |hardy in Britain. It ripens
| | |seed freely, and is best
| | |propagated by that means.
| | |
G. cinerea |South-West |Yellow; |This is a shrubby plant for
|Europe |July |the rock-garden in sunny
| | |places.
| | |
*G. hispanica |South-West |Yellow; |A dwarf and charming shrub,
|Europe |July |1 foot to 2 feet high, and
| | |when in bloom covered with
| | |flowers. One of the best of
| | |its race.
| | |
G. monosperma |Sicily |White |Not well known but
| | |interesting. Sandy soil.
| | |Tender.
| | |
G. pilosa |Europe, England |Rich |A prostrate plant for the
| |Yellow; |rock garden. Ordinary soil.
| |May and |
| |June |
| | |
*G. radiata |Central and |Yellow; |Very beautiful when in full
|Southern Europe |Summer |flower on the rock garden,
| | |and will even succeed in a
| | |rough wall.
| | |
G. sagittalis |Europe |Yellow; |Another dwarf species for
| |May and |rock garden.
| |June |
| | |
G. tinctoria |Britain |Yellow; |The double variety
| |July and |flore-pleno and elatior are
| |September |finer than the species.
| | |Elatior makes quite a bush
| | |and is very attractive
| | |when in full bloom.
| | |
*G. virgata |Madeira |Yellow; |This must attain a certain
| |June and |age and size before it
| |July |displays its full beauty,
| | |small plants flowering
| | |sparsely or not at all,
| | |while older specimens are a
| | |glorious sight during the
| | |period of flowering.
| | |Thoroughly hardy in at
| | |least the southern half of
| | |England, self-sown
| | |seedlings of it having been
| | |known to spring up in
| | |considerable numbers under
| | |old plants in sheltered
| | |positions. In a shrubbery
| | |or wood it makes a
| | |brilliant blaze of yellow.
| | |It succeeds in almost any
| | |soil or situation provided
| | |it is not too heavy or wet.
| | |Under favourable conditions
| | |it reaches a height of 16
| | |feet to 20 feet, with
| | |rather straggling branches,
| | |every little twig of which
| | |is covered with flowers in
| | |season. The leaves are
| | |about half an inch in
| | |length, and covered with
| | |white, silky hairs on the
| | |under side and a few
| | |scattered ones on the upper
| | |surface. Easily raised from
| | |seed. Excellent for barren
| | |land.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------