Chapter XIII: Part IX: The Palms

Palms are tropical plants related to lilies on one hand and grasses on the other. One hundred genera and about one thousand species compose a family in which tree forms rarely occur. A few genera grow wild in the warmest sections of this country, and exotics are familiar in cultivation, wherever they are hardy. The leaves are parallel-veined, fan-shaped, or feather-like, on long stalks that sheath the trunk, splitting with its growth. The flowers are lily-like, on the plan of three, and the fruits are clustered berries, or drupes.

Sago, tapioca, cocoanuts, and dates are foods derived from members of this wonderful family. The fibres of the leaves supply thread for weaving cloth and cordage to the natives of the tropics, where houses are built and furnished throughout from the native palms.

The royal palm, crowned with a rosette of feather-like leaves, each ten to twelve feet long, above the smooth, tall stems, is a favorite avenue tree in tropical cities. In Florida it grows wild in the extreme southwest, but is planted on the streets of Miami and Palm Beach. Its maximum height is one hundred feet.

In California the favorite avenue palm of this feather-leaved type is the Canary Island palm, whose stout trunk, covered with interlacing leaf-bases, wears a crown of plumes that reach fifteen feet in length and touch the ground with their drooping tips. Huge clusters of bright yellow, dry, olive-shaped berries ripen in midsummer.

The date palm of commerce, once confined to the tropical deserts of Asia Minor and North Africa, has been successfully established by the Government in hot, dry localities of the Southwest. Fruit equal to any grown in plantations of the Old World is marketed now from the Imperial and Coachella valleys in California, and from orchards near Phoenix, Arizona. Dry air and a summer temperature far above the hundred degree mark is necessary to insure the proper sugar content and flavor in these fruits, which are borne in huge clusters and ripen slowly, one by one.

Fan-shaped leaves plaited on the ends of long stalks that are usually spiny-edged are borne by the stocky Florida palmettos and the tall desert palm of California, planted widely in cities of the Southwest and in Europe. Several genera of this fan-leaved type are represented in palm gardens, and in the general horticulture of warm regions of this country.

THE END

GENERAL INDEX

PAGE

_Abies balsamea_, 258
_Abies concolor_, 257
_Abies Fraseri_, 253
_Abies grandis_, 256
_Abies magnifica_, 254
_Abies nobilis_, 256
_Acacia dealbata_, 187
_Acacia Melanoxylon_, 186
_Acacia_, Palo verde, 190
Acacias, The, 184-187
_Acer circinatum_, 197
_Acer glabrum_, 199
_Acer macrophyllum_, 197
_Acer nigrum_, 195
_Acer Negundo_, 199
_Acer Pennsylvanicum_, 198
_Acer pseudo-platanus_, 200
_Acer rubrum_, 195
_Acer saccharinum_, 196
_Acer saccharum_, 194
_Acer spicatum_, 198
_Aesculus Californica_, 68
_Aesculus glabra_, 67
_Aesculus Hippocastanum_, 65
_Aesculus octandra_, 67
"Ague tree", 131
Alder, Black, 91
Alder, Oregon, 93
Alder, Red, 93
Alder, Seaside, 92
Alders, The, 91-93
Alligator pear, 129
Almond, 152
_Alnus glutinosa_, 91
_Alnus maritima_, 92
_Alnus Oregona_, 93
_Amelanchier alnifolia_, 160
_Amelanchier Canadensis_, 159
American beech, 42
American elm, 210
American holly, 145
American hornbeam, 85
American larch, 278
American linden, 70
Annual rings, 12
_Anona cherimolia_, 171
_Anona glabra_, 170
Apples, The, 147-149
Arbor-vitaes, The, 268-270
Arboreta, xiv
_Arbutus Menziesii_, 121
Arnold arboretum, xiv
Ash, Black, 204
Ash, Blue, 206
Ash, European, 208
Ash, Green, 206
Ash, Oregon, 207
Ash, Red, 205
Ash, White, 202
Ashes, Mountain, 116-118
Ashes, The, 201-209
_Asimina triloba_, 168
Aspen, 78
Assam rubber tree, 166
Autumn leaves, 19
Avocado, 129

Bald cypress, 273
Balm of Gilead, 79
Balsam fir, 253
Balsam poplar, 79
"Banana tree, Wild", 169
Banyan tree, 166
Bark, xv, 23
Basket oak, 55
Basswood, Downy, 72
Basswood, White, 71
Basswoods, The, 68-74
Bay, Red, 129
Bay, Rose, 119
Bay, Swamp, 105
Bee tree, 71
Beech, American, 42
"Beech, Blue", 85

"Beech, Water", 85
"Beetle-wood", 86
_Betula lenta_, 90
_Betula lutea_, 89
_Betula nigra_, 90
_Betula papyrifera_, 88
_Betula populifolia_, 89
"Big-cone" pine, 240
Big shellbark, 38
Big Tree, 263
Birch, Canoe, 88
Birch, Cherry, 90
Birch, Paper, 88
Birch, Red, 90
Birch, River, 90
Birch, White, 89
Birch, Yellow, 89
Birches, The, 87-91
Bird cherry, 153
"Bird's-eye" maplewood, 15
Black acacia, 186
Black alder, 91
Black ash, 204
Black cherry, Wild, 153
Black cottonwood, 80
Black dwarf sumach, 140
Black gum, 96
Black haw, 115, 158
Black locust, 178
Black maple, 195
Black mulberry, 165
Black oak, 58
Black oak group, 58-65
Black poplar, 77
Black spruce, 248
Black walnut, 31
Blackwood-tree, 186
Blue ash, 206
"Blue beech", 85
Blue fir, 257
Blue spruce, 250
Box elder, 199
Buckeye, California, 68
Buckeye, Ohio, 67
Buckeye, Sweet, 67
Buds, 3, 23
Bur oak, 51
Burning bush, 136
Butternut, 30
Buttonwoods, The, 93-95

California walnut, 29
California white oak, 57
Cambium, 9, 21
Campbell's magnolia, 103
Camperdown elm, 216
Canada plum, 151
Canary island palm, 280
Canoe birch, 88
Canoe cedar, 269
_Carica papaya_, 169
Carolina poplar, 78
_Carpinus Carolinianum_, 85
_Castanea dentata_, 44
_Castanea pumila_, 44-46
Cedar, Canoe, 269
Cedar, Eastern red, 276
Cedar, Incense, 270
Cedar, Red, 269
Cedar, White, 272
_Celtis Australis_, 162
_Celtis occidentalis_, 161
_Cercidium Torreyanum_, 190
_Cercis Canadensis_, 182
_Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana_, 273
_Chamaecyparis Thyoides_, 272
Chemistry of trees, 5-8
Cherimoya, 171
Cherries, The, 152-155
Cherry birch, 90
Chestnut oak, 53
Chestnuts, The, 44-47
Chinquapin, 44-46
_Chionanthus Virginica_, 126
Chlorophyll, Breaking down of the, 18
Choke cherry, 154
_Cladrastis lutea_, 183
Clammy locust, 179
Cockspur thorn, 156
Coffee tree, Kentucky, 181
Colorado blue spruce, 250
Common lime, 72
Cone-bearing evergreens, 217-279
Conifers, 217-279
Coral-bean, 192
"Cork elm", 215
Cornel, 113
_Cornus Florida_, 111
_Cornus mas_, 113
_Cornus Nuttallii_, 113
_Cotinus_, 142

Cotton gum, 97
Cottonwood, 77
Cottonwood, Black, 80
Cottonwood, Lance-leaved, 80
Cottonwood, Mexican, 80
Cottonwood, Narrow-leaved, 80
Cottonwood, Swamp, 81
Crab, Prairie, 148
Crab, Wild, 148
_Crataegus coccinea_, 158
_Crataegus Crus-galli_, 156
_Crataegus Douglasii_, 158
_Crataegus mollis_, 157
_Crataegus oxyacantha_, 155
_Crataegus pruinosa_, 157
Cuban pine, 236
Cucumber tree, 107
Cucumber tree, Large-leaved, 106
_Cupressus macrocarpa_, 271
_Cupressus sempervirens_, 272
"Curly maplewood", 15
Custard-apple, 168, 170
Cypresses, The, 271-274

Date palm, 281
Digger pine, 239
_Diospyros Virginiana_, 172
Dogwood, European, 113
Dogwood, Flowering, 111
Dogwood, Jamaica, 190
Dogwood, Western, 113
Dogwoods, The, 111-114
Douglas spruce, 258
Downy basswood, 72
Dwarf juniper, 275
Dwarf maple, 199
Dwarf sumach, 140

Eastern arbor-vitae, 268
Eastern mountain ash, 116
Eastern red cedar, 276
Eastern service berry, 159
Ebony, Texas, 191
Elder, Box, 199
Elder-leaved mountain ash, 117
Elm, American, 210
Elm, Camperdown, 216
"Elm, Cork", 215
Elm, English, 215
Elm, Hickory, 214
Elm, Moose, 213
Elm, Mountain, 215
Elm, Red, 213
Elm, Rock, 214
Elm, Scotch, 216
Elm, Slippery, 213
Elm, Small-leaved, 215
Elm, White, 210
Elm, Winged, 215
Elm, Wych, 216
Elms, The, 210-216
"Encina", 64
Engelmann spruce, 250
English elm, 215
English hawthorn, 155
English walnut, 33
_Euonymus atropurpureus_, 136
European ash, 208
European cypress, 272
European dogwood, 113
European holly, 144
European mountain ash, 117
European nettle tree, 162
Evergreens, Cone-bearing, 217-279
Evergreens, Leaves of, 20

_Fagus Americanus_, 42
Fibres of wood, 13
_Ficus aurea_, 167
_Ficus elasticus_, 166
"Fiddleback" ash, 209
Figs, The, 165-167
Fir, Balsam, 253
Fir, Blue, 257
Fir, Noble, 256
Fir, Red, 254
Fir, Red (_A. nobilis_), 256
Fir, Silver, 257
Fir, White, 256
Fir, White (_A. concolor_), 257
Firs, The, 251-257
Flowering dogwood, 111
"Foxtail" pines, The, 229
_Fraxinus Americana_, 202
_Fraxinus excelsior_, 208
_Fraxinus nigra_, 204
_Fraxinus Oregona_, 207
_Fraxinus ornus_, 209
_Fraxinus Pennsylvanica_, 205
_Fraxinus Pennsylvanica_ (_lanceolata_), 206
_Fraxinus quadrangulata_, 206
Frijolito, 192
Fringe tree, 126

Gerarde, 73
_Gleditsia triacanthos_, 180
Golden fig, 167
Grain of wood, 13
Gray pine, 238
Great laurel, 119
Great laurel magnolia, 104
Green ash, 206
"Grete Herball", 73
Gum, Cotton, 97
Gum, Sour or Black, 96
Gum, Sweet, 97
Gum trees, The, 95-100
_Gymnocladus dioicus_, 181
Gymnosperms, 217-279

Hackberries, The, 160-162
_Hamamelis Virginiana_, 134
"Hard-tack", 86
Haw, Black, 115, 158
Haw, Red, 157
Haw, Scarlet, 157-158
Hawthorns, The, 155-159
Hazel, Witch, 133
Heath family, 118
Hemlocks, The, 259-262
_Hicoria alba_, 40
_Hicoria glabra_, 41
_Hicoria lacinata_, 38
_Hicoria ovata_, 37
_Hicoria Pecan_, 38
Hickories, The, 36-41
Hickory elm, 214
Hollies, The, 143-146
Holly, American, 145
Holly, European, 144
Honey locust, 179
Honey pod, 188
Hop hornbeam, 86
Hornbeam, American, 85
Hornbeam, Hop, 86
Horse bean, 191
Horse-chestnut foliage, 17
Horse-chestnuts, The, 65-68
"Horse sugar", 125

_Icthyomethia Piscipula_, 190
_Ilex aquifolium_, 144
_Ilex Opaca_, 145
_Ilex vomitoria_, 145
Incense cedar, 270
"Iron oak", 52
"Ironwood," _see also_ Hornbeam
Ironwood, Knowlton's, 87

Jack pine, 238
Jamaica dogwood, 190
Japanese persimmon, 175
Japanese walnut, 33
"Judas-tree", 183
_Juglans, Californica_, 29
_Juglans cinerea_, 30
_Juglans cordiformis_, 33
_Juglans nigra_, 31
_Juglans regia_, 33
_Juglans rupestris_, 29
_Juglans Sieboldiana_, 33
June-berry, 159
Junipers, The, 274-277
_Juniperus Barbadensis_, 277
_Juniperus communis_, 275
_Juniperus occidentalis_, 276
_Juniperus Virginiana_, 276

Kaki, 175
Kalm, Peter, xx
_Kalmia latifolia_, 120
Kentucky coffee tree, 181
Knob-cone pine, 240
Knowlton's ironwood, 87

Lance-leaved Cottonwood, 80
"_Langues de femmes_", 81
Larches, The, 277-279
Large-leaved cucumber tree, 106
_Larix Americana_, 278
_Larix occidentalis_, 279
Laurel family, 127-133
Laurel, Great, 119
Laurel, Mountain, 120
Laurel oak, 63
_Laurus nobilis_, 129
Lawson cypress, 273
Leaves, 4, 16-20
"Lever-wood", 86
_Librocedus Decurrens_, 270
Lime, Common, 72
"Lime Trees," _see_ Lindens
Linden, American, 70
Lindens, The, 68-74
Linnaeus, xviii, 73
_Liquidamber styraciflua_, 97
_Liriodendron tulipifera_, 109
Live oak, 56
Live oak (_Q. aquifolia_), 64
Loblolly pine, 236
Locusts, The, 177-184
Lodge-pole pine, 245
Lombardy poplar, 77
Longleaf pine, 232

MadroA+-a, 121
_Magnolia acuminata_, 107
Magnolia, Campbell's, 103
_Magnolia foetida_, 104
_Magnolia Glauca_, 105
Magnolia, Great laurel, 104
_Magnolia macrophylla_, 106
Magnolia, Starry, 103
_Magnolia stellata_, 103
_Magnolia tripetala_, 108
_Magnolia yulan_, 102
Magnolias, The, 101-111
_Malus coronaria_, 148
_Malus ioensis_, 148
Maple, "Bird's eye" and "Curly", 15
Maple, Black, 195
Maple, Dwarf, 199
Maple, Mountain, 198
Maple, Norway, 200
Maple, Oregon, 197
Maple, Red, 195
Maple, Silver, 196
Maple, Soft, 196
Maple, Striped, 198
Maple, Sugar, 194
Maple, Sycamore, 200
Maple, Vine, 197
Maple, Wier's weeping, 196
Maples, The, 193-201
Melon papaw, 169
Mesquite, 188
Mexican cottonwood, 80
Mississippi Valley chestnut oak, 54
Mockernut, 40
_Mohrodendron diptera_, 124
_Mohrodendron tetraptera_, 123
Monterey cypress, 271
Monterey pine, 241
Moose elm, 213
_Morus alba_, 164
_Morus nigra_, 165
_Morus rubra_, 163
Mountain ashes, 116-118
Mountain elm, 215
Mountain hemlock, 261
Mountain laurel, 120
Mountain maple, 198
Mountain pine, 224
Mountain sumach, 140
Muir, John, xvi
Mulberries, The, 163-165

Names of trees, xvii-xxiii
Nannyberry, Rusty, 115
Narrow-leaved cottonwood, 80
"Necklace-bearing" poplar, 78
Nettle tree, European, 162
Noble fir, 256
Nomenclature of trees, xvii-xxiii
Norway maple, 200
Norway pine, 246
Norway spruce, 248
Nut pines, 230-232
Nut trees, The, 28-74
_Nyssa aquatica_, 97
_Nyssa sylvatica_, 96

Oak, Basket, 55
Oak, Black, 58
Oak, Bur, 51
Oak, California white, 57
Oak, Chestnut, 53
Oak, "Iron", 52
Oak, Live, 56
Oak, Live (_Q. agrifolia_), 64
Oak, Mississippi Valley chestnut, 54
Oak, Pacific post, 57
Oak, Pin, 60
Oak, Post, 52
Oak, Red, 61
Oak, "Rock chestnut", 53
Oak, Scarlet, 59
Oak, Single or Laurel, 63
Oak, Swamp white, 54
Oak, White, 49
Oak, Willow, 62
Oak, "Yellow", 54
Oaks, Black, 58-65
Oaks, The, 46-65
Oaks, White, 49-58
Ohio buckeye, 67
Oilnut, 30
Old field pine, 236
One-leaved nut pine, 231
Oregon alder, 93
Oregon ash, 207
Oregon maple, 197
Oriental plane, 95
Osage orange, 99
_Ostrya Knowletoni_, 87
_Ostrya Virginiana_, 86
_Oxydendrum arboreum_, 122

Pacific post oak, 57
Palms, The, 280
Palo verde acacia, 190
Papaws, The, 167-170
Paper birch, 88
_Parkinsonia aculeata_, 191
Pecan, 38
"Pepperidge", 96
_Persea Borbonia_, 129
_Persea gratissima_, 129
Persimmons, The, 172-175
_Picea Engelmanni_, 250
_Picea excelsa_, 248
_Picea Mariana_, 248
_Picea Parryana_, 250
_Picea rubens_, 249
_Picea Sitchensis_, 251
Pie cherry, 152
Pignut, 41
Pin cherry, 153
Pin oak, 60
Pine, "Big-cone", 240
Pine, Cuban, 236
Pine, Digger, 239
Pine, Gray, 238
Pine, Jack, 238
Pine, Knob-cone, 240
Pine, Loblolly, 236
Pine, Lodge-pole, 245
Pine, Longleaf, 232
Pine, Monterey, 241
Pine, Mountain, 224
Pine, Norway, 246
Pine, Old field, 236
Pine, One-leaved nut, 231
Pine, Pitch, 237
Pine, Prickle-cone, 229
Pine, Red, 246
"Pine, Red", 258
Pine, Rocky Mountain white, 228
Pine, Rosemary, 237
Pine, Scrub, 244
Pine, Shortleaf, 235
Pine, Slash, 236
Pine, "Southern", 233
Pine, Sugar, 225
Pine, Swamp, 236
Pine, Tamarack, 245
Pine, Western pitch, 239
Pine, Western yellow, 242
Pine, White, 222
Pine, White bark, 228
Pines, "Foxtail", 229
Pines, Nut, 230-232
Pines, The, 220-247
PiA+-on, 230
_Pinus albicaulis_, 228
_Pinus aristata_, 229
_Pinus attenuata_, 240
_Pinus Balfouriana_, 229
_Pinus Caribaea_, 236
_Pinus cembroides_, 230
_Pinus contorta_, 244
_Pinus Coulteri_, 239
_Pinus divaricata_, 238
_Pinus echinata_, 235
_Pinus edulis_, 230
_Pinus flexilis_, 228
_Pinus Lambertiana_, 225
_Pinus monophylla_, 231
_Pinus Monticola_, 224
_Pinus palustris_, 232
_Pinus ponderosa_, 242
_Pinus quadrifolia_, 230
_Pinus radiata_, 241
_Pinus resinosa_, 246
_Pinus rigida_, 237
_Pinus Sabiniana_, 239
_Pinus Strobus_, 222
_Pinus Taeda_, 236
Pitch pine, 237
Pitch pine, Western, 239
Pitch pines, The, 232
Plane, Oriental, 95
_Platanus occidentalis_, 93
_Platanus orientalis_, 95
Plums, The, 149-152
"Pod-bearers," The, 176-192
Poison sumach, 141
Pond apples, The, 170-172
Poplar, Balsam, 79
Poplar, Black, 77
Poplar, Carolina, 78
Poplar, Lombardy, 77
Poplar, "Necklace-bearing", 78
Poplar, Silver-leaved, 76
Poplar, White, 76
Poplars, The, 75-81
_Populus acuminata_, 80
_Populus alba_, 76
_Populus angustifolia_, 80
_Populus balsamifera_, 79
_-Populus deltoidea_, 77
_Populus heterophylla_, 81
_Populus Mexicana_, 80
_Populus nigra_, 77
_Populus tremuloides_, 78
_Populus trichocarpa_, 80
Post oak, 52
Prairie crab, 148
Prickle-cone pine, 229
Prickwood, 137
_Prosopis pubescens_, 189
_Prosopis Tuliflora_, 188
_Prunus Americanus_, 150
_Prunus avium_, 152
_Prunus cerasus_, 152
_Prunus nigra_, 151
_Prunus Pennsylvanica_, 153
_Prunus pseudo-Cerasus_, 152
_Prunus serotina_, 153
_Prunus Virginiana_, 154
_Pseudotsuga mucronata_, 258
Pussy willow, 84

Quaking asp, 78
_Quercus acuminata_, 54
_Quercus agrifolia_, 64
_Quercus alba_, 49
_Quercus chrysolepis_, 63
_Quercus coccinea_, 59
_Quercus Garryana_, 57
_Quercus lobata_, 57
_Quercus macrocarpa_, 51
_Quercus Michauxii_, 55
_Quercus minor_, 52
_Quercus palustris_, 60
_Quercus Phellos_, 62
_Quercus platanoides_, 54
_Quercus prinus_, 53
_Quercus rubra_, 61
_Quercus velutina_, 58
_Quercus Virginiana_, 56

Ram's horn ash, 209
Red alder, 93
Red ash, 205
Red bay, 129
Red birch, 90
Red cedar, 269
Red cedar, Eastern, 276
Red elm, 213
Red fir, 254
Red fir (_A. nobilis_), 256
Red haw, 157
Red juniper, 277
Red maple, 195
Red mulberry, 163
Red oak, 61
Red pine, 246
"Red pine", 258
Red plum, Wild, 150
Red spruce, 249
Redbud, 182
Redwood, 266
Retama, 191
Rhododendron, 118
_Rhododendron maximum_, 119
_Rhus copallina_, 140
_Rhus glabra_, 141
_Rhus hirta_, 138
_Rhus Vernix_, 141
Rings, The Annual, 12
River birch, 90
_Robinia Pseudacacia_, 178
_Robinia viscosa_, 179
"Rock chestnut" oak, 53
Rock elm, 214
Rocky Mountain white pine, 228
Rose bay, 119
Rosemary pine, 237
Rowan tree, 117
Royal palm, 280
Rubber plant, 166
Rum cherry, 153
Rusty nannyberry, 115

_Salix Babylonica_, 83
_Salix discolor_, 84
Sap, 6
Sargent, Professor, xxi
Sassafras, 130
Scarlet haw, 157
Scarlet oak, 59
Scientific names, xvii
Scotch elm, 216
Screw-bean, 189
Screw-pod, 189
Scrub pine, 244
Seaside alder, 92
_Sequoia sempervirens_, 266
_Sequoia Wellingtonia_, 263
Sequoias, The, 262-268
Service-berries, The, 159-160
Shad-bush, 159
Shagbark, 37
Shaw botanical garden, xiv
Sheepberry, 114
Shellbark, 37
Shellbark, Big, 38
Shingle oak, 63
Shortleaf pine, 235
"Silva of North America", xxi
Silver bell trees, 123
Silver fir, 257
Silver-leaved poplar, 76
Silver maple, 196
Silver wattle, 187
Slash pine, 236
Slippery elm, 213
Small-leaved elm, 215
Smoke tree, 142
Smooth sumach, 141
Snowdrop tree, 124
"Snowdrop tree", 123
Soft maple, 196
Soft pines, 222-229
_Sophora secundiflora_, 192
_Sorbus Americana_, 116
_Sorbus Aucuparia_, 117
_Sorbus sambucifolia_, 117
Sorrel tree, 122
Sour gum, 96
Sour-wood, 122
"Southern" pine, 233
Southwestern walnut, 29
"_Species plantarum_", xix
Spruce, Black, 248
Spruce, Blue, 250
Spruce, Douglas, 258
Spruce, Engelmann, 250
Spruce, Norway, 248
Spruce, Red, 249
Spruce, Tideland, 251
Spruces, The, 247-251
Staghorn sumach, 138
Starch, 7
Starry magnolia, 103
Striped mapl, 198
Sugar maple, 194
Sugar pine, 225
Sumach, Black dwarf, 140
Sumach, Dwarf, 140
Sumach, Mountain, 140
Sumach, Poison, 141
Sumach, Smooth, 141
Sumach, Staghorn, 138
Sumachs, The, 137-142
Swamp bay, 105
Swamp Cottonwood, 81
Swamp pine, 236
Swamp white oak, 54
Sweet buckeye, 67
Sweet cherry, 152
Sweet gum, 97
Sweet leaf, 124
Sycamore maple, 200
Sycamores, The, 93-95
_Symplocos tinctoria_, 125

Tamarack pine, 245
Tamaracks, The, 277-279
"Tassel trees", 186
_Taxodium distichum_, 273
Texas ebony, 191
_Thuya occidentalis_, 268
_Thuya plicata_, 269
Tideland spruce,, 251
_Tilia Americana_, 70
_Tilia heterophylla_, 71
_Tilia pubescens_, 72
_Tilia vulgaris_, 72
_Toxylon pomiferum_, 99
Transpiration, 23
Trees, Bark of, xv, 23
Trees, Breathing of, 22
Trees, Buds of, 3, 23
Trees, Chemistry of., 5-8
Trees, Food of, 6
Trees, Growth of, 9-16
Trees, How to know the, xiv-xvi

Trees in winter, 20-27
Trees, Leaves of, 4, 16-20
Trees, Life of, 3-27
Trees, Names of, xii, xvii-xxiii
Trees, Opposite-leaved, xv
Trees, Sap of, 6
Trembling aspen, 78
_Tsuga Canadensis_, 260
_Tsuga heterophylla_, 261
_Tsuga Martensiana_, 231
Tulip tree, 109
"Tupelo", 96

_Ulmus alata_, 215
_Ulmus Americana_, 210
_Ulmus campestris_, 215
_Ulmus fulva_, 213
_Ulmus montana_, 216
_Ulmus Thomasi_, 214
Umbrella tree, 108

_Viburnum lentago_, 114
_Viburnum prunifolium_, 115
_Viburnum rufidulum_, 115
Viburnums, The, 114
Vine maple, 197
"Virgilia", 183

Wahoo, 137
"Wahoo", 215
Walnut, Black, 31
Walnut, California, 29
Walnut, English, 33
Walnut, Japanese, 33
Walnut, Southwestern, 29
Walnut, White, 30
Walnuts, The, 28-35
"Water Beech", 85
Wattles, The, 184-187
Weeping maple, Wier's, 196
Weeping willow, 83
Western dogwood, 113
Western hemlock, 261
Western juniper, 276
Western larch, 279
Western pitch pine, 239
Western service-berry, 160
Western yellow pine, 242
White ash, 202
White-bark pine, 228
White basswood, 71
White birch, 89
White cedar, 272
White elm, 210
White fir, 256
White fir (_A. concolor_), 257
White mulberry, 164
White oak, 49
White oak group, 49-58
White pine, 222
White pine, Rocky Mountain, 228
White poplar, 76
White walnut, 30
Wier's weeping maple, 196
"Wild banana tree", 169
Wild black cherry, 153
Wild cherry, 153
Wild crab, 148
Wild red plum, 150
Willow oak, 62
Willow, Pussy, 84
Willow, Weeping, 83
Willows, The, 81-84
Winged elm, 215
Winter, Trees in, 20-27
"Winter berries", 143
Witch hazel, 133
Wood, 12-16
Wych elm, 210

Yaupon, 145
Yellow birch, 89
Yellow locust, 178
"Yellow oak", 54
Yellow pine, Western, 242
Yellow plum, 150
Yellow-wood, 183
Yulan magnolia, 102

_Zigia flexicaulis_, 191

Transcriber's Notes

Where images split paragraphs and in some cases would split off a short section of a species description, the text was moved above or below the images to rejoin the text. Small caps formatting is usually converted to ALL CAPS. Although the section header lists on the chapter title pages were printed in small caps and the section header text are printed in ALL CAPS where they occur within the chapter, it was decided that the header lists would be left as mixed caps for better readability.

Where text is printed as superscripts, they are presented using a carat symbol (ex., CO^2 for the Carbon Dioxide). When text is printed as subscripts, an underscore is used (ex., H_{2}O for water). Although current usage would display the numbers in chemical formulA| as subscripts (ex., H_{2}O, CO_{2} and C_{6}H_{10}O_{5}), they are displayed here as printed.

Original gramatical constructions were left as is (ex. P. 83, "...the light seeds ... floats away...").

In order to match the most commonly used spelling, the instances where Arbor-vitae was printed with an ae ligature were converted to individual letters. The oe ligature on page xxi was converted to the letters "oe". As three variant spellings birdseye, birds-eye and bird's-eye appear, the others were converted to the most prevalent form--bird's-eye. This was also the case with a number of other words which were changed; but are not specifically listed here.

Typographical Corrections

Page Correction

67 Raffinesque => Rafinesque
89 uniniviting => uninviting
156 hawthrons => hawthorns
284 Black haw, 115-158 => Black haw, 115, 158
285 Diospyrus => Diospyros
286 Bardadensis => Barbadensis
289 Rew Haw => Red haw

Emphasis Notation

=Text= - bold

_Text_ - italic

End of Project Gutenberg's Trees Worth Knowing, by Julia Ellen Rogers