Chapter C: Calamus, 41

Callithea, imitated by species of Catagramma and Agrias, 257

_Callithea markii_, 75

_Campylopterus hemileucurus_, pugnacious and ornamental, 214

Cattleyas, 51

Cecropias, trees inhabited by ants, 89

Celebes, large and peculiarly formed butterflies of, 259
white-marked birds of, 263

Centipedes, 97

Ceylon and Malaya, resemblances of fauna of, 327

Chameleons, 113

Chameleon, cause of changes of its colour, 170

Chemical action changes colours, 183

Chili, humming-birds of, 141

Chiroptera, 119

_Chrysobactron Rossii_, 238

Clark, Rev. Hamlet on leaf-cutting ants, 86

Climate of Equator, general features of, 17

Climates of Timor, Angola, and Scotland compared, 14

Climbing plants of tropical forests, 37
uses of, 39

Cockatoos, 100

Cœlogynes, 51

Coloration of tropical birds, 110

Colour, cause of change of, in humming-birds, 144

Colour in nature, problems of, 159
how far constant, 161
as affected by heat and light, 161
of tropical birds, 163
of tropical butterflies, 164
of temperate and tropical flowers, 165
changes of, in animals produced by coloured light, 167
voluntary change of, in animals, 170
not usually influenced by coloured light, 171

Colour, the nature of, 180
how produced, 183
changed by heat, 183
a normal product of organization, 185
as a means of recognition, 196
proportionate to integumentary development, 198
not caused by female selection, 198

Colour absent in wind-fertilized flowers, 233
same theory of, in animals and plants, 234
of flowers and their distribution, 235

Colour, nomenclature of, formerly imperfect, 247

Colour-development as illustrated by humming-birds, 212
local causes of, 216
in animals, summary, 216

Colour-perception, supposed recent growth of, 244

Colour-sense, origin of the, 241
need for, 243
not of recent origin, 246
not wholly explicable, 248

Colours, classification of organic, 172
protective, 172
warning, 174
sexual, 177
typical, 179
of animals, how produced, 184
theory of protective, 187
theory of warning, 189
theory of sexual, 192
theory of typical, 215

Colours and ornaments of humming-birds, 127

Colours of fruits, attractive, 224
protective, 225

Colours, which first perceived, 243

_Cometes sparganurus_, very pugnacious, 214

Compositæ, arborescent in oceanic islands, 276

Continent, past changes of the great Eastern, 321

Continents of Tertiary period, probable aspect of, 343

Copridæ, 95
probable use of horns of, 202

Crematogaster, genus of ants, 83

Cross-fertilization of flowers, use of, 228
complex arrangements for, 229

Cuckoos, 104