Chapter I: Front Matter

TUTANKHAMEN
AND THE DISCOVERY OF HIS TOMB
BY THE LATE
EARL OF CARNARVON and
MR HOWARD CARTER

BY
G. ELLIOT SMITH
M.A., M.D., Litt.D., F.R.S.
Professor of Anatomy in the University of London

AUTHOR OF
“THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS,” “THE ROYAL MUMMIES,”
“THE EVOLUTION OF THE DRAGON,” ETC.

_With 22 Illustrations, 2 Maps,
and a Coloured Frontispiece ‘Tribute to Tutankhamen’_

LONDON
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, LTD.
NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO.
1923

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY
THE EDINBURGH PRESS, 9 AND 11 YOUNG STREET, EDINBURGH.

CONTENTS

PAGE
PREFACE 9

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 11

CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTORY 15

II. EXPLORATION OF THE THEBAN TOMBS OF THE KINGS 24

III. TUTANKHAMEN 35

IV. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DISCOVERY 44

Embalming and Immortality—Early Beliefs—The Dawn of
Civilization—Giving Life to the Dead—Success after
Twenty Centuries—The King and Osiris.

V. THE VALLEY OF THE TOMBS 65

Tomb-Robbers’ Confessions—Hiding the Mummies.

VI. THE STORY OF THE FLOOD 92

VII. GETTING TO HEAVEN 100

VIII. THE ETHICS OF DESECRATION 124

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG. PAGE
Map of the Ancient East 22

1. Mummy of Thothmes IV 27

2. Ancient Plan of the Tomb of Rameses IV 32

3. The Mummies of Yuaa and Tuaa 33

4. Tutankhamen receiving Ethiopian tribute from Huy 40

5. Asiatic tribute presented to Tutankhamen by Huy 42

6. Part of a mace-head, showing early Egyptian king 51

7. Portrait of Hesi, _circa_ 3000 B.C. 56

8. The “packed” mummy of a Queen of the Twenty-first Dynasty 57

9. Drawing from Book of the Dead 61

10. The end of the desolate Valley of the Tombs of the Kings
at Thebes 66

11. Ancient Egyptian drawing (_circa_ 1400 B.C.) illustrating
arrangement of tomb and temple 67

Map of Thebes 70

12. The great cliffs behind Deir el Bahari 74

13. Lid of the coffin which contained the rewrapped mummy of
Amenhotep III 79

14. An inscribed stone showing Akhenaton, his queen Nefertiti,
and their daughters 87

15. A painted wooden portrait bust of Nefertiti, wife of
Akhenaton 89

16. The skull of Akhenaton 90

17. Cow carrying a dead man to heaven 105

18. Narmer’s belt with four Hathor cows’ heads, _circa_
3400 B.C. 106

19. Three couches represented on the walls of the tomb of
Seti I 109

20. A lion-couch, a mummy with three solar emanations 117

21. Three givers of divinity, the cow, the hippopotamus,
and Horus on guard 120

22. The goddess Astarte borne on her lioness 121