Chapter IV

The tide of war--Enver's offensive for the "liberation of the
Caucasus"--The Dardanelles Campaign; the fate of Constantinople
twice hangs in the balance--Nervous tension
in international Pera--Bulgaria's attitude--Turkish rancour
against her former enemy--German illusions of a
separate peace with Russia--King Ferdinand's time-serving--Lack
of munitions in the Dardanelles--A mysterious
death: a political murder?--The evacuation of
Gallipoli--The Turkish version of victory--Constantinople
unreleased--Kut-el-Amara--Propaganda for the "Holy
War"--A prisoner of repute--Loyalty of Anglo-Indian
officers--Turkish communiqués and their worth--The fall
of Erzerum--Official lies--The treatment of prisoners--Political
speculation with prisoners of war--Treatment
of enemy subjects--Stagnation and lassitude in the summer
of 1916--The Greeks in Turkey--Dread of Greek
massacres--Rumania's entry--Terrible disappointment--The
three phases of the war for Turkey 75

CHAPTER V

The economic situation--Exaggerated Entente hopes--Hunger
and suffering among the civil population--The system of
requisitioning and the semi-official monopolists--Profiteering
on the part of the Government clique--Frivolity and
cynicism--The "Djemiet"--The delegates of the German
_Zentraleinkaufsgesellschaft_ (Central Purchases Commission)--A
hard battle between German and Turkish intrigue--Reform
of the coinage--Paper money and its depreciation--The
hoarding of bullion--The Russian rouble
the best investment 107

CHAPTER VI

German propaganda and ethics--The unsuccessful "Holy
War" and the German Government--"The Holy War"
a crime against civilisation, a chimera, a farce--Underhand
dealings--The German Embassy the dupe of adventurers--The
morality of German Press representatives--A
trusty servant of the German Embassy--Fine official
distinctions of morality--The German conception of the
rights of individuals 126

CHAPTER VII

Young Turkish nationalism--One-sided abolition of capitulations
--Anti-foreign efforts at emancipation--Abolition of
foreign languages--German simplicity--The Turkification
of commercial life--Unmistakable intellectual improvement
as a result of the war--Trade policy and customs
tariff--National production--The founding of new businesses
in Turkey--Germany supplanted--German starvation--Capitulations
or full European control?--The
colonisation and forcible Turkification of Anatolia--"The
properties of people who have been dispatched elsewhere"--The
"Mohadjirs"--Greek persecutions just before the
Great War--The "discovery" of Anatolia, the nucleus of
the Ottoman Empire--Turkey finds herself at last--Anatolian
dirt and decay--The "Greater Turkey" and the
purely Turkish Turkey--Cleavage or concentration? 151

CHAPTER VIII

Religion and race--The Islam policy of Abdul-Hamid and of
the Young Turks--Turanism and Pan-Islamism as political
principles--Turanism and the Quadruple Alliance--Greed
and race-fanaticism--Religious traditions and
modern reforms--Reform in the law--A modern Sheikh-ul-Islam--Reform
and nationalization--The Armenian
and Greek Patriarchates--The failure of Pan-Islamism--The
alienation of the Arabs--Djemal Pasha's "hangman's
policy" in Syria--Djemal as a "Pro-French"--Djemal
and Enver--Djemal and Germany--His true character--The
attempts against the Suez Canal--Djemal's murderous
work nears completion--The great Arabian and
Syrian Separatist movement--The defection of the Emir
of Mecca and the great Arabian catastrophe 176

CHAPTER IX

Anti-war and pro-Entente feelings among the Turks--Turkish
pessimism about the war--How would Abdul-Hamid have
acted?--A war of prevention against Russia--Russia and
a neutral Turkey--The agreement about the Dardanelles--A
peaceful solution scorned--Alleged criminal intentions
on the part of the Entente; the example of Greece
and Salonika--To be or not to be?--German influence--Turkey
stakes on the wrong card--The results 209

CHAPTER X

The outlook for the future--The consequences of trusting
Germany--The Entente's death sentence on Turkey--The
social necessity for this deliverance--Anatolia, the
new Turkey after the war; forecasts about the Turkish
race--The Turkish element in the lost territory--Russia
and Constantinople; international guarantees--Germany,
at peace, benefits too--Farewell to the German "World
Politicians"--German interests in a victorious and in a
defeated Turkey--The German-Turkish treaty--A paradise
on earth--The Russian commercial impulse--The
new Armenia--Western Anatolia, the old Greek centre of
civilisation--Great Arabia and Syria--The reconciliation
of Germany 258

Appendix 283

TWO WAR YEARS IN CONSTANTINOPLE