Chapter V: Appendix: Synopsis of Commercial Treaties

Key:

A: “Most-Favored-Nation” Clause.

B: Inviolability of Consular Archives.

C: Inviolability of Consular Office and Dwelling.

D: Exemption from Arrest.

E: Exemption from Obligation to Appear as a Witness.

F: Exemption from Taxation.

G: Exemption from Military and Public Service.

H: Procedure in Infraction of Treaties—Correspondence.

I: Use of National Arms and Flag on Consular Office and Dwelling.

J: Right to Take Depositions.

K: Jurisdiction Over Disputes Between Masters, Officers, and Crew.

L: Right to Reclaim Deserters.

M: Jurisdiction Over Salvage and Wrecks.

N: Right to Take Charge of Deceased Citizens’ Effects.

O: Extradition of Criminals.

P: Judicial Powers.

NOTE.—For explanation of this table, see following pages.

═══════════╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤══ │ A │ B │ C │ D │ E │ F │ G │ H │ I │ J │ K │ L │ M │ N │ O │P ───────────┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼── Argentina │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │. Austria- │ † │ † │ . │ ‡ │ ‡ │ § │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ † │. Hungary │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Belgium │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ § │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ ¶ │. Bolivia │ † │ † │ † │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ . │. Borneo │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │† China │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │† Colombia │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ † │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ ¶ │. Costa Rica │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ ‡ │ . │. Denmark │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ † │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │. Dominican │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ † │ . │ ¶ │. Republic │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ecuador │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ ¶ │. Egypt │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │. France │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ ‡ │ § │ § │ † │ † │ † │ † │ † │ † │ . │ . │. Germany │ † │ † │ † │ † │ . │‡§ │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ . │. Great │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │ † │. Britain │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Greece │ . │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ † │ . │ . │. Guatemala │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │. Hanseatic │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │ . │. Republic │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Hayti │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ . │. Honduras │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ ‡ │ . │. Italy │ † │ . │ † │ † │ ‡ │ § │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ ¶ │. Japan │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ ¶ │. Kongo Free │ † │ † │ † │ † │ . │ § │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │. State │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Korea │ † │ . │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │† Liberia │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │. Madagascar │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ . │† Maskat │ . │ † │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │† Morocco │ † │ . │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │† Netherlands│ † │ † │ . │ † │ ‡ │ § │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ ¶ │. Nicaragua │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ ‡ │ ¶ │. Orange Free│ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ ¶ │. State │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ottoman │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ ¶ │† Empire │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Paraguay │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ ‡ │ . │. Persia │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │† Peru │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ † │ . │. Portugal │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │. Prussia │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │. Roumania │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ ‡ │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ . │. Russia │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ . │ ¶ │. Salvador │ † │ † │ † │ . │ ‡ │ § │ † │ † │ † │ † │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ¶ │. Samoan │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │† Islands │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Servia │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ ‡ │ . │. Siam │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ ¶ │† Spain │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ ¶ │. Sweden and │ . │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ † │ . │ ¶ │. Norway │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Switzerland│ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ ¶ │. Tripoli │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ † │ † │ . │† Tunis │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │† ───────────┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴──

EXPLANATION OF PRECEDING TABLE

Whenever a sign of any kind appears in the preceding synopsis it means that there is a proviso in our treaty with that country touching more or less definitely upon the subject indicated. The sign (†) means that the subject is covered by the proviso or nearly so; a (‡) means that it is modified in some measure; a (§) means that it applies only to American citizens in the consular service, not to foreigners, and a (¶) means that the requisitions for the extradition of criminals may be made “through the superior consular officer; otherwise through the diplomatic service.” A blank space means that the point is not touched upon by any treaty now in force.

This synopsis of our commercial treaties shows at a glance their relative fullness or deficiency, and the most remarkable thing about it is their deficiency. Sometimes, it is true, by virtue of international comity, much larger discretion is exercised by consuls and diplomats than is vouchsafed by the terms of the treaty; but it is not to be inferred that this is always the case.

Treaties are sometimes intended to last forever (_in perpetuo_), and sometimes they are concluded for only a term of years. Political treaties, the purposes of which is usually to terminate wars, establish boundaries, award indemnities, etc., naturally belong, as a rule, to the first class, while commercial treaties usually have a time limit. This accounts for a good many of the blank spaces in the above synopsis.

It will be noticed that there are some countries in the above list which have not at present the treaty making power—such, for instance, as Egypt, the Hanseatic Republic, Prussia, Hawaii, Samoa, Madagascar, Borneo, Kongo Free State, etc. In such cases the government which assumes the sovereignty assumes the treaty obligations, or else concludes new ones.

It may be noticed, on the other hand, that there are no commercial treaties with either Mexico, Brazil, Uruguay or Chile. This does not mean that there are no political treaties with those countries, or that there never have been any commercial treaties, but merely that in some cases the latter have been allowed to lapse or have been abrogated, and no new ones have been concluded. Canada, Australia, India, and all other colonies have no sovereignty, and therefore are not states in international law. Hence they cannot appoint or receive ambassadors nor can they make treaties except through the sovereign power.

DIPLOMATIC SERVICE

To What Country Name and Rank.
Accredited.

Argentine Republic William P. Lord, E. E. & M. P.

Francois S. Jones, Sec. of Leg.

Austria-Hungary Addison C. Harris, E. E. & M. P.

Charles V. Herdliska, Sec. of Leg.

Com’d’r W. H. Beehler, Nav. Att.

Belgium Lawrence Townsend, E. E. & M. P.

Bolivia George H. Bridgman, E. E. & M. P.

Brazil Charles Page Bryan, E. E. & M. P.

Thomas C. Dawson, Sec. of Leg.

Chile Henry L. Wilson, E. E. & M. P.

Henry J. Lenderink, Sec. of Leg.

China Edwin H. Conger, E. E. & M. P.

Herbert G. Squiers,[DS1] Sec. of Leg.

Wm. E. Bainbridge, 2d Sec. of Leg.

Lt. Albert L. Key, Nav. Att.

Fleming D. Cheshire, Int.

Colombia Charles Burdett Hart, E. E. & M. P.

Arthur M. Beaupre, Sec. of Leg. & C. G.

Costa Rica William L. Merry, E. E. & M. P.[DS2]

Rufus A. Lane, Sec. of Leg.

Denmark Laurits S. Swenson, E. E. & M. P.

Lt. Col. W. R. Livermore, Mil. Att.

Dominican Republic William F. Powell, Chargé d’Affaires.

Ecuador Archibald J. Sampson, E. E. & M. P.

Egypt John G. Long, Agt. & C. G.

France Horace Porter, Amb. E. & P.

Henry Vignaud, Sec. of Emb.

Spencer F. Eddy, 2d Sec. of Emb.

Samuel Morrill, 3d Sec. of Emb.

Lt. William S. Sims, Nav. Att.

Germany Andrew D. White, Amb. E. & P.

John B. Jackson, Sec. of Emb.

Geo. M. Fisk, 2d Sec. of Emb.

H. Percival Dodge, 3d Sec. of Emb.

Com’d’r W. H. Beehler, Nav. Att.

Great Britain Joseph H. Choate, Amb. E. & P.

Henry White, Sec. of Emb.

John R. Carter, 2d Sec. of Emb.

Jos. H. Choate, Jr., 3d Sec. of Emb.

Lt. Com’d’r John C. Colwell, Nav. Att.

Col. Samuel S. Sumner, Mil. Att.

Greece Arthur S. Hardy, E. E. & M. P.[DS3]

Guatemala W. Godfrey Hunter (n), E. E. & M. P.[DS4]

James C. McNally (n), Sec. of Leg. & C. G.

Haiti William F. Powell, E. E. & M. P.[DS5]

Honduras W. Godfrey Hunter (n), E. E. & M. P.[DS6]

Italy Wm. F. Draper, Amb. E. & P.

Lewis M. Iddings, Sec. of Emb.

R. C. Parsons, Jr., 2d Sec. of Emb.

Com’d’r W. H. Beehler, Nav. Att.

Japan Alfred E. Buck, E. E. & M. P.

J. R. Herod, Sec. of Leg.

Huntington Wilson, 2d Sec. of Leg.

Lt. Albert Key, Nav. Att.

Ransford Stevens Miller, Jr., Int.

Korea Horace N. Allen, Min. Res. & C. G.

Edwin V. Morgan, Sec. of Leg.

Pang Kyeng Hui, Int.

Kwon Yu Sup, Int.

Libera Owen L. W. Smith, Min. Res. & C. G.

James Robt. Spurgeon, Sec. of Leg.

Mexico Powell Clayton, Amb. E. & P.

Fenton R. McCreery, Sec. of Leg.

William Heimke (n), 2d Sec. of Leg.

Netherlands Stanford Newel, E. E. & M. P.

Lt. Col. James N. Wheelan, Mil. Att.

Nicaragua William L. Merry, E. E. & M. P.[DS7]

Rufus A. Lane, Sec. of Leg.

Paraguay William R. Finch, E. E. & M. P.[DS8]

Persia Herbert W. Bowen, Min. Res. & C. G.

John Tyler, Int.

Peru Irving B. Dudley, E. E. & M. P.

Richard R. Neill, Sec. of Leg.

Portugal John N. Irwin, E. E. & M. P.

Capt. S. L’H. Slocum, Mil. Att.

Roumania Arthur S. Hardy, E. E. & M. P.[DS9]

Russia Charlemagne Tower, Amb. E. & P.

Herbert H. D. Peirce, Sec. of Emb.

Herbert J. Hagerman, 2d Sec. of Emb.

Lt. William S. Sims, Nav. Att.

Salvador William L. Merry, E. E. & M. P.[DS10]

Rufus A. Lane, Sec. of Leg.

Servia Arthur S. Hardy, E. E. & M. P.[DS11]

Siam Hamilton King (n), Min. Res. & C. G.

James A. Chivers, Int.

Spain Bellamy Storer, E. E. & M. P.

Stanton Stickles,[DS12] Sec. of Leg.

Sweden and Norway William W. Thomas, Jr., E. E. & M. P.

Lt. Col. W. R. Livermore, Mil. Att.

Switzerland John G. A. Leishman, E. E. & M. P.

Capt. George R. Cecil, Mil. Att.

Turkey Oscar S. Straus (n), E. E. & M. P.

Lloyd C. Griscom, Sec. of Leg.

A. A. Gargiulo, Int.

Uruguay William R. Finch, E. E. & M. P.[DS13]

Venezuela Francis B. Loomis, E. E. & M. P.

W. W. Russell, Sec. of Leg.

EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS.

E. E. & M. P., Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.

Sec. of Leg., Secretary of Legation.

Sec. of Emb., Secretary of Embassy.

Nav. Att., Naval Attache.

Int., Interpreter.