Chapter XVI: Paris Peace Conference (2)

In the course of conversation, he said that in his opinion Woodrow Wilson would not become a candidate again for President unless the treaty were rejected, which might force him to run against his will in order to save the treaty; should the treaty, however, be ratified, there would be no occasion for him to become a candidate.

* * * * *

The day before this, while I was paying a visit at the Hotel Continental, I met Jane Addams and Lillian Wald, and with them was Alexander Kerensky, the former Premier of Russia, They asked me to meet Kerensky, which I did. He proved to be not at all the kind of man in appearance that I had pictured. He did not resemble the Russian type. He was clean-shaven, rather spare, a little above medium height, and seemed about forty years of age. He looked more like a student than like a leader who had stood in the storm-center of political turmoil.

Kerensky told me that he did not believe in Kolschak, principally because he regarded him as a tool of the Britain and Russian nobility. Kerensky expressed himself as opposed to having the Allies recognize Kolschak unless it was conditioned on definite guarantees that a free democratic election be held so that the people might decide what form of government they desired.

The following day, Dr. Dluski, the Polish peace delegate, together with M. Lieberman, a Jewish member of the Polish Diet, called upon me to explain, if not justify, the Polish pogroms, evidently because of the great publicity that had been given thereto by the mass meeting in New York. The resolutions passed by that meeting, and presented to the President, had appeared in dispatches to European papers.

We left Paris for Brest on May 30th. The Mount Vernon, which was scheduled to sail on the following day, had postponed sailing until June 3d. It carried some five thousand officers and men of the Sixth Division. Dr. Mezes and his wife were also on board. Dr. Mezes, who is a brother-in-law of Colonel House, organized the group of experts, of which he was chairman, which had rendered such valuable service to the Commission. We were all very comfortably provided for on the ship, and it was most interesting to observe the system and order with which the five thousand officers and men were taken care of. They were a jolly lot, happy to return home, and without exception conducted themselves in a correct and orderly manner. We had a delightful crossing; the weather was fine and the sea was calm.

* * * * *

Shortly after my return to the United States, the League to Enforce Peace called a meeting of the Executive Council to determine what action it could best take to further the ratification of the treaty which was now being vigorously debated in the Senate. It was decided that Mr. Vance McCormick and I should be a committee to confer with the President. We subsequently desired to add Dr. A. Lawrence Lowell, president of Harvard University, to our number, provided it would be agreeable to the President, which Mr. McCormick was to ascertain when arranging for the appointment. The President designated August 6th as the day on which he would see us, and accordingly Dr. Lowell, Mr. McCormick, the Secretary of the League, Dr. Short, and I went to the White House.

President Wilson assured us that, while he was somewhat tired, he felt in good condition. He said he had had a number of conferences with individual Senators who had objected to the ratification of the treaty, and that he had given them explanations regarding the main points in dispute, namely, Article X, guaranteeing against external aggression; Article XXI, providing that nothing in the Covenant should be deemed to affect the validity of the Monroe Doctrine; and Article I, providing that any member of the League may, after two years' notice, withdraw from the League. These were the main subjects covered by the reservations formulated by the moderate group headed by Senators Kellogg and McCumber.

We suggested that it might be of good result if the President could in some public and formal way make his explanations and interpretations regarding these points. The question was how this could best be done. The President believed it would be preferable if one of the Senators of the opposition addressed to him a letter of inquiry, so framed as to enable the President to give his views. It was then understood that Dr. Lowell, Mr. McCormick, and I should confer with Senator Hitchcock, the Democratic leader of the minority of the Committee on Foreign Relations, who could advise us as to what member of the Republican majority on the committee it would be best for us to confer with.

After our conference with the President, we went to the Senate and found the Committee on Foreign Relations in session, examining Secretary of State Lansing. Senator Hitchcock suggested that we call on Senator McCumber, but as he was not then in Washington, Dr. Lowell and I called on Senator Kellogg. The latter told us what we already knew, namely, that he was in favor of the League and was scheduled to make his speech in the Senate advocating the ratification of the treaty with the reservations his group had formulated, which reservations he felt confident were not in the nature of amendments, but interpretative only, and therefore would not require resubmission either to the Plenary Session or to Germany. Dr. Lowell and I outlined our plan regarding the letter to the President, asking for his interpretation of the articles above referred to. While Senator Kellogg personally favored this plan, he said he would first have to confer with the members of his group, and he believed they would be favorably inclined. We then inquired whether the President's interpretations and clarifications might not serve the purpose of making the reservations unnecessary. The Senator said "no," but that the reservations could recite the fact that they were based upon the President's interpretations. We arranged that Senators Kellogg and Hitchcock should confer upon the subject with a view of preparing such a tentative letter of inquiry which might be shown to the President in advance, and to which the President could reply, giving his interpretations.

After leaving Senator Kellogg, we again called on Senator Hitchcock. In all of these conferences between the Senators of the various groups, we acted as the "honest brokers" for the League. Senator Hitchcock thought very favorably of our plan and believed it would work out advantageously. Dr. Lowell and I felt gratified with our day's work, though, as matters developed, nothing came of this plan.

In this connection I cannot refrain from quoting a story which Dr. Lowell told apropos of the problem. The story, as I recall it, was that a noted colored preacher was holding a service in which he read a chapter from Isaiah referring to the Seraphim. After the service one of the colored brethren asked the preacher what was "the difference between a Seraphim and a terrapin." The latter, rubbing his head, replied: "My son, I grant you there is a difference, but they have made it up."

Unfortunately, while there was, in words at least, if not in context, a difference between the reservations offered by the Administration group, the group of mild reservationists, and the majority group, yet, for reasons that I need not enter into here, they did not "make it up."

* * * * *

In concluding this chapter and in closing these memoirs, I cannot resist reflecting how much wiser the Allied Powers and America were in the conduct of the war than in the making of peace, and afterwards. In war they finally pooled their strength and won; in the peace terms they again drew measurably apart. The men who framed the peace terms subordinated world policies to home politics. The United States, by reason of a contest between the Administration and the majority group in the Senate, allowed its sense of world responsibility to be negated by partisan differences. Reconstruction is being halted. And why? Because the leading statesmen of the Entente Powers still lack the economic wisdom, or, what is the equivalent, the courage, to shape their international policies along world economic lines. My own country, in withholding its cooperation, is equally culpable. The result is tension and derangement in the relationship of nations.

As the malady from which this and other countries are suffering is world-wide, so must the remedy be world-wide. And America cannot free herself from the responsibility by isolating herself and refusing to do her part in applying the remedial measures necessary to restore normal conditions. The remedy does not consist in the lessening or weakening of sovereignty by individual states. It consists in the enlargement of their sovereign functions in concert with and in just relations to other states for the administration of common interests. It requires no surrender of sovereignty for individual states to conform their policies to the world's common needs.

THE END

Index

INDEX

Throughout the index, _S._ stands for the author.

Aaronson, Aaron, 418.

Abbott, Ernest, 183, 188.

Abbott, Lawrence F., _Impressions of Theodore Roosevelt_, 263, 264,
290, 311; 174, 254, 289.

Abbott, Lyman, 122, 183, 184, 188, 272, 311, 395.

Abdul Aziz, Sultan, 298.

Abdul Hamid II, Sultan, difficulty of obtaining audience with, 58, 59;
at Selamlik, 63, 64;
feared assassination, 64;
_S._'s long-delayed audience, 67-69;
physical aspect of, 68;
and Baron de Hirsch, 93;
_S._ again received by, 99;
permits excavations in Babylonia, 100;
his obligation to _S._, 100, 101;
_S._'s farewell audience, 102, 103;
decorates Mrs. Straus, 104;
welcomes return of _S._, as minister, 134;
does not favor raising U.S. mission to embassy, 135;
"the whole show," 136;
receives German Emperor, 137, 138, 139;
and the indemnities due to missionaries, 141, 142;
and Mohammedans in the Philippines, 143 _ff._;
instructs them to submit to U._S._ army, 146, 159;
and foreign visitors, 152;
increased power of, 153;
his gift to _S._, 155, 156; 72, 97, 98, 157, 276, 277, 279, 282, 292.

Abraham, 157.

Adams, John, 258.

Adams, John Quincy, 260.

Addams, Jane, 425.

Adee, Alvey A., 48, 91, 98.

Adler, Cyrus, 240, 252.

Africa, Northern, Italy seeks territory in, 340.

Aguinaldo, Emilio, fails to arouse Sulu Mohammedans to revolt, 146.

Ahmed Riga Bey, 298, 299.

Alaska salmon fisheries, protection of, 235, 236.

Alaskan boundary question, 173, 174.

Alexiefsky, Alexandre, 392, 393.

Algeciras Conference, 192.

Algiers, motoring through, 343.

Alliance Israelite (Paris), 167, 359.

Allied Societies for a League of Nations, conference of, 415, 416.

Alphonso XIII, of Spain, 361.

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, and _S._'s
appointment to Turkey, 45, 49.

American citizens, naturalized, rights of, in foreign countries, 163,
332, 333.

American College for Girls, 297.

American diplomats, meager salaries of, 102.

American Jews in Turkey, 80, 81, 82.

_American Journal of International Law_, quoted, 335; 336.

American politics, two main currents in, 307.

American Society of International Law, 334-336.

Americanism, Roosevelt quoted on, 183.

Americans, stranded in London, committee for relief of, 371 _ff._

Ames, James B., 160.

Amos, Morris S., 172.

Anarchists, exclusion and deportation of, 231, 232;
defined in Act of 1907, 232.

Anderson, Chandler P., 372.

Andreades, Professor, 415.

Andrews, E. Benjamin, 120.

Andrews, Fannie Fern, 400, 415.

Angell, James B., resigns Turkish mission, 124, 125; 131, 134.

Anglo-Japanese Alliance, automatically ended by Four-Power Treaty, 229.

Anthon, Charles, 24.

Aoki, Mr., Japanese Ambassador, 218, 227.

Arbitration, as a remedy for industrial disputes, 195.

Arbitration treaties, failure of, 329, 330.

Armenians, massacres of, 139, 148, 280.

Artin Effendi, 157.

Asquith, Herbert H., 350, 384.

Asquith, Margot, 350.

Astor, Waldorf, 374.

Astor, Mrs. Waldorf (Viscountess), 374.

Astor, William, 113.

Athens, _S._'s visits to, 152-154, 285, 286.

Athletics in the universities in 1870, 26.

Auchincloss, Gordon, 400, 412.

Augusta Victoria, German Empress, in Constantinople, 136 _ff._

Austria-Hungary, and the Keiley episode, 46, 47;
in sympathy with Germany (1909), 279;
annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina, 341.

Authors' Club, dinner to _S._, 331.

Avigdor, Isaac S. d', 3.

Avigdor, Jules d', 3.

Babylonia, excavations in, 97 _ff._

Bacon, Rev. Dr., 24.

Bagdad railway, concession for building, and the World War, 279.
And _see_ Persian Gulf.

Bakhmeteff, Boris, 411, 417.

Balfour, Arthur J., Palestine for the Jews, 399; 229, 397, 409.

Balkan Wars (1912 and 1913), 341, 342, 344.

Baring, Sir Evelyn, 79.
And _see_ Cromer, Lord.

Bark, M., 417.

Barlow, Joel, 145.

Barnard, Frederick A. P., 26, 27, 28.

Barnes, A. S., 45.

Barnes, George, 407.

Barnum, H. S., 103.

Baron de Hirsch Fund and Trade School, 96.

Bartholdt, Richard, 420.

Bates, General, 146.

Bavaria, Jews of Palatinate of, 1 _ff._

Bayard, Thomas F., and the Keiley episode, 47;
quoted, 126; 44, 85, 91, 93, 94.

Beaconsfield, Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of, at the Berlin Congress
(1878), 363;
Sir H. D. Wolff on, 364, 365;
his loyalty to Judaism, 364;
his novels, 364.

Beale, Joseph H., 334.

Beck, James M., 391.

Beecher, Henry Ward, urges appointment of _S._ to Turkey, 45, 46,
116; 40.

Beer, George L., 290.

Beiram, feast of, 59, 60.

Beirut, schools in, 73.

Belmont, August, 40.

Benedict XV, Pope, 387.

Benes, Edouard, 418, 419.

Benn, A. Shirley, 415.

Bent, Theodore, 100.

Bergson, Henri, 360, 390, 391.

Berlin, Treaty of, violated by Roumania, 166, 167; 241.

Berlin, Congress of (1878), 363, 364.

Bernays, Michael, and the Queen of Roumania, 304.

Bernstorff, Count von, on the origin of the war, 378;
on U.S. mediation, 378 _ff._;
_S._ said to have been duped by, 382, 384;
given his passports, 389.

Berr, Michael, 3.

Bethmann-Hollweg, Chancellor von, reply of, to offer of mediation,
384, 385.

Beveridge, Albert J., 122.

Bible societies, troubles of agents of, 74.

Biddle, James, 87.

Bien, Julius, 171.

Birkenhead, F. E. Smith, Baron, sketch of, 398;
opposed to League of Nations, 398, 399.

Bissinger, Erhard, 73.

Blaine, James G., and Dr. Burchard, 38, 39.

Blanc, Baron, 72.

Bliss, Cornelius N., 174.

Bliss, Daniel, 75.

Bliss, Edwin E., 103.

Bliss, George, 21, 22.

Bliss, Howard S., and the Syrian Protestant College, 76.

Bliss, Isaac, 72.

Bliss, William G., 103.

B'nai B'rith Order, 167, 171.

Boardman, Mabel T., 339.

Boker, George H., 51, 90.

Bonaparte, Charles J., 230, 232, 237, 393.

Bonetti, Monsignor, 149.

Bonney, Mr., 158.

Borden, Sir Robert L., 409, 410, 411, 419.

Bosnia and Herzegovina, annexed by Austria, 341.

Bosphorus, the, 57, 155.

"Bosses," the, Roosevelt's attitude toward, 309.

Boulanger, Georges E. J. M., "the second Napoleon," 52, 53, 54.

Boulangist movement, collapse of, 54.

Boule (Greek Parliament), 286.

Bourgeois, Leon, proposes additional articles in League Covenant,
400-403, 406, 408; 404, 407, 411, 412, 419, 420.

Brandes, Georg, 345, 346.

Brann, Father, 149.

Breckenridge, Clifton R., 125.

Breed, William C., 372.

Brewer, David J., 334, 339.

Bridges, Robert, 350.

British League of Nations Union, 398.

Brittain, Sir Harry, 353.

Brittain, Lady, 353.

Brown, William Haig, 120, 121.

Brown University, gives _S._ honorary degree, 120.

Browning, Oscar, 290.

Bryan, William J., letter of Roosevelt to, 254;
and the offer of U.S. to mediate, 379, 380, 381;
his instructions to Mr. Page, 385; 252, 253.

Bryce, James, Viscount, 177, 231, 336, 399, 415.

Bryce, Lady, 231.

Buchanan, James, 31.

Budros Pasha, Roosevelt's denunciation of murder of, 288.

Buisson, Ferdinand, 421, 422.

Bulgaria, 294.

Bullock, Seth, 176, 177.

Buelow, Prince Bernhard von, 136, 247.

Burchard, Samuel D., and his "rum, Romanism, and rebellion" speech,
38, 39.

Burns, John, 352, 353.

Burton, Theodore E., 391.

Bush, Stephen H., 420.

Butler, Charles H., 334.

Butler, Nicholas M., 121, 386.

Buyukdereh, 57.

Byrne, James, 372.

Cabinet, routine of meetings of, 215, 216.

Cairo, _S._'s visit to, 77-79;
with Roosevelt at, 287 _ff._

Calice, Baron de, 60, 135.

California, Japanese in, 218;
outbreak against Japanese in, 220;
anti-Japanese legislation in, 228,
nullifies "Gentlemen's Agreement," 266;
general sentiment of, 228.

Cambon, Jules, 135.

Cambon, French Ambassador to Turkey, 135.

Campbell, Timothy, anecdote of, 115.

Canadians, and the Alaskan boundary, 174.

Cannon, Joseph G., 265.

Capitulations, the, 86 _ff._

Cardwell, John, 78.

Carlisle, John G., 115, 127.

Carlisle, Mrs. John G., 115.

"Carmen Sylva." _See_ Elizabeth of Roumania.

Carnegie, Andrew, and the Homestead Labor leaders, 197;
President of National Civic Federation, 197;
his character, 198;
his _Autobiography_, 198;
entertains _S._ at Skibo Castle, 355;
and the Peace Palace, 356, 357; 178, 331, 332, 386.

Carnegie, Mrs. Andrew, 357.

Carol, King of Roumania, _S._ entertained by, 300;
on economic questions, 302;
admired Roosevelt, 302;
his attitude toward Jews, 302, 303.

Carranza, President of Mexico, 340.

Carter, George R., Governor of Hawaii, 222.

Carter, Mrs. George R., 222.

Carter, J. Ridgely, 300.

Cassel, Sir Ernest, 305.

Cassini, Count, 173.

Castelar, Emilio, sketch of, 365;
on the expulsion of Jews from Spain, 366.

Catholics, Roosevelt's attitude toward, 182, 183, 259-262.

Cavass, the, functions of, 58.

Cecil, Lord Robert, quoted, 406; 399, 404, 405.

Cena, Signor, 345.

Central News War Service, 385, 386.

_Century Magazine_, 151, 366.

_Cercle Interallie_, 404.

Chadwick, French E., 332.

Chaffee, Adna R., 166.

Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., 238.

Chamberlain, Leander, 272.

Chang, Mr., 415.

Chapman, John, 51.

Chapman, Mrs. John, 51.

Charterhouse School and Roger Williams, 120, 121.

Cheng, Mr., 415.

Chevket Pasha. _See_ Mahmoud.

Chicago, campaign to purify primaries in, 121, 122.

Chicago _Record_, 143.

China, and the open door, 161.

Choate, Joseph H., _S._'s friendship with, 36.

Christianity, few conversions to, in Turkey, 75.

Christians, in Turkey, resent visit of German Emperor, 139.

Cilicia, massacre of Armenians in, 280.

Cincinnati _Times-Star_, 251, 252.

Civic Federation of Chicago, 121, 194.

Civil service, Roosevelt on, 184.

Civil War, the, results of, 20.

Clemenceau, Georges, 53, 401, 403, 405, 407, 420, 423.

Cleveland, Frances (Folsom), 48, 116, 118, 299.
And _see_ Preston, Frances.

Cleveland, Grover, elected President (1884), 38, 39, 40;
_S._ recommended to, as minister to Turkey, 44-46,
and appointed, 46;
and the Keiley episode, 47;
interview of _S._ with, 48, 49;
letters of, to _S._, 110, 111, 113;
and the silver question, 108, 109, 110;
his tariff message (1887), 109;
popular esteem for, 109, 110, 119;
relations with _S._, 110;
at Lakewood, 112, 118;
on Isidor Straus, 112;
and the Van Alen appointment, 113, 114;
and the bond loans, 116;
his address at the Beecher Memorial, 116;
and C. F. Murphy, 117;
failing health, 118;
his death and burial, 118, 119;
quoted, 126;
address at meeting of protest against Kishineff massacre, 170;
42, 43, 89, 99, 102, 195, 339, 358.

Cleveland-Blaine campaign, the, 38, 39.

Clynes, J. R., 415.

Coastwise shipping and Canal tolls, 338, 339.

Colby, Bainbridge, 321, 322.

Cole, Samuel V., "The Deacon's Prayer," 395.

Collinsworth Institute, 11, 243.

Cologna, Abraham de, 3.

Colombia, Republic of, and the Panama revolution, 174-176.

Columbia College, _S._ a student at, 25-29.

Columbia Grammar School, _S._ a pupil at, 22-24.

Columbia Law School, _S._ a student at, 29, 30;
faculty of, 30, 31.

Columbus, Christopher, was he a Spaniard, of Jewish ancestry? 368, 369.

Columbus, Ga., Straus family settles in, 17;
life in, 18;
captured and looted by Union forces, 17;
dinner to _S._ at, 242.

Commerce and Labor, Department of, _S._ appointed head of, 212;
its scope, 213;
_S._'s method of conducting, 213;
his staff, 213, 214;
civil service in, 214;
division of, opposed by _S._, 239.

Commercial bodies, relations of, with the Government, 236-238.

Commission to investigate treatment of Jews in Russia, report of,
107, 108.

Congress, jingo agitation in, 124.

Constantinople, first impressions of, 58;
custom regarding official calls at, 60;
conditions of life in, 61, 62;
ceremony of Selamlik in, 63, 64;
second arrival at, 133;
visit of German Emperor to, 136-139;
visitors to, 149-152, 298, 299;
in 1909, 276.

Contract labor law, 216.

Coons, Joseph D., 171.

Cooper, Peter, 301.

Cooperation Society of Northern England, 354.

Corbin, Henry C., 166.

Cortelyou, George B., 212, 213, 254.

Corwine, William R., 237.

Coszta, Martin, case of, 332, 333.

Coudert, Frederick R., 38.

Cowles, Lieut.-Commander, 174.

Cox, Samuel S., 42, 43.

Cramp Shipbuilding Co., 138, 142.

Cravath, Paul D., 170.

Crete, Greek designs on, 293, 294;
Venizelos in charge of affairs in, 295, 296.

Criminals, exclusion and deportation of, 233, 234.

Croker, Richard, 110.

Cromer, Evelyn Baring, Lord, 79, 290, 291.

Cromwell, Oliver, 353.

Crum, Mr., colored, appointed Collector at Charleston by Roosevelt, 184.

Cuba, trouble with Spain over, 122, 123.

Cullom, Shelby M., 163.

Curley, Captain, 7, 8, 15, 16.

Curtis, William E., 143, 144.

Cutting, Robert F., 25, 26.

Cyprus, 157.

Daniel, John W., 240.

Davenport, Frederick M., 317, 321, 324.

Davies, David, 415, 416.

Davis, Cushman K., 128.

Davis, John C., 174.

Davis, John W., 398.

Davis, Mrs. John W., 398.

Day, Joseph P., 372.

Day, William R., 128, 130.

De Forest, Robert W., 372.

Democratic State Convention (N.Y., 1891), silver question in, 108, 110;
adopts sound-money plank, 110.

Depew, Chauncey M., 265.

Derby, Ethel (Roosevelt), 395.

Dewey, George, 219.

Dews, Dr., 17, 18.

Diaz, Porfirio, 160.

Dickinson, J. M., 334.

Dickinson, Sir Willoughby H., 398, 399, 415.

Dillon, Count, 52, 53.

Dillon, Countess, 52, 53.

Diplomatic corps, at Constantinople, official calls among, 60, 61.

Diplomatic romance, a, 143-148.

Diplomatic service of U.S., suggestions for improving, 105.

D'Israeli, Mrs. Benjamin, the elder, 3.

Disraeli, Benjamin. _See_ Beaconsfield.

Dixon, Joseph M., 255.

Djavid Bey, 278, 281, 282, 284.

Dluski, Dr., 426.

Dodge, Cleveland H., 299.

Dodge, William E., 131.

Donald, Robert, 351.

Dosfuentes, Marques de. _See_ Olmet.

Dougherty, Daniel, 40.

Drago, Luis M., 304, 305.

Draper, William F., Ambassador to Italy, 131, 132, 158.

Draper, Mrs. William F., 158.

Drummond, Sir J. Eric, 424.

Duane, W. N., 372.

Dufferin, F. T. H. Blackwood, Earl and Marquis of, 79, 364.

Dunnell, E. G., 48, 49.

Durand, Leon, 415.

Dwight, Charles A. S., 103.

Dwight, Henry O., 72, 103.

Dwight, Theodore W., 30.

Earl, Charles, 216.

Easley, Ralph M., 121, 122, 194, 195, 196.

Eastern Question, possibilities of trouble in, 327 _ff._

Eben Ezra, 367.

Edward VII, 350.

Egypt, status of, 77 _ff._;
conditions in, 290, 291.

Eidlitz, Otto M., 200.

Eight-hour law, favored by Roosevelt, 196.

Einstein, G. F., 43, 44.

Eitel Friedrich, Prince, _S._'s impression of, 291, 292.

Eitel Friedrich, Princess, 291, 292.

Electoral reform, campaign for, 121, 122.

Eliot, George. _See_ Evans, Mary Ann.

Elizabeth, Queen of Roumania, aspect and accomplishments of, 301,
302;
genesis of her pen-name, 301;
her study, 301, 302;
her gifts to _S._, 302, 304;
and Hay's hymn, 303, 304;
on Prof. Bernays, 304.

Employer and employees, change in relations between, and the result,
194.

English chapel, Constantinople, service in, 66.

Erb, Professor, 154.

Erdman Act, the, 200.

Estournelles de Constant, Baron d', 332, 401, 403, 404, 409, 415, 420.

Eulenburg, Count, 138.

Evans, Mary Ann, 51.

Expatriation, right of, 332, 333.

Ezekiel, Moses, 158.

Fairbanks, Charles W., Vice-President, and Pius X, 289, 290, 348;
at Constantinople, 298, 299; 247, 269.

Fairbanks, Mrs. C. W., 247, 298.

Falconio, Cardinal, 347, 348, 349.

Federated unions, 194.

Ferrero, Guglielmo, _Greatness and Decline of Rome_, 177.

Ferrero, Madame, 177.

Filipinos, McKinley and _S._ on granting independence to, 161.

Finch, George A., 336.

Finley, John H., 219, 220.

Finley, John P., quoted, 146, 147.

Fish, Hamilton, 25.

Fish, Stuyvesant, 25.

Fisher, H. A. L., 416.

Flour, question of shipments of, to Turkey, 147, 148.

Flower, Walter C., 122.

Flynn, Mr., 17.

Fort, Governor, of New Jersey, 119.

Fortescue, Lieutenant Granville, 210.

Foster, John W., 329, 330, 334, 336.

Fouad, Pasha, 134.

Foulke, William D., 209.

Fournier, Vice-Admiral, 415.

Four-Power Treaty (1921) effect of, on relations of U.S. with Japan, 229;
and the Anglo-Japanese alliance, 229.

France. _See_ Great Powers.

Frankfurter, Felix, 418.

Franklin, Benjamin, 258.

Franklin, Fabian, 390.

Frederic, Harold, _The New Exodus_, 107; 51.

Frederick III, German Emperor, 138.

French delegation to Peace Conference. _See_ Bourgeois.

French Senate, _S._ attends session of, 409.

Freycinet, Charles L. de S. de, 53.

Frick, Henry C., 197.

Frye, William P., 128.

Fuller, Melville W., 119, 239, 240.

Fulton, Senator Charles W., 236.

Furtado, Abraham, 3.

Furth, Jacob, 171.

Gage, Lyman J., 122.

Gager, O. A., 45.

Garfield, James R., 184, 186, 187, 214,
264, 288, 294, 395.

Gargiulo, dragoman, 57, 58, 69, 99, 136, 155, 276.

Garretson, Joseph, 251.

Gates, C. F., 140.

Gaynor, William J., 308.

General Slocum, steamboat, explosion on, 234.

George V, 387.

George, King of Greece, receives _S._ in audience, 286, 287;
admired Roosevelt, 287; 294.

Georgia Military Academy, 16.

Gerard, James W., Ambassador to Germany, demands his passports, 389.

German Government, and U.S. offer of mediation, 380 _ff._;
its insincerity exposed, 384, 386.

German influence in Turkey, 279.

Germany, and Venezuela, 174;
Roosevelt on attitude of, 192;
Chevket Pasha on attitude of, 293;
sells warship to Turkey, 295;
attitude of, at Hague conferences, 328 and _n._, 329; 280.

Ghika, Prince and Princess, 65.

Giers, N. K. de, 417.

Gilder, Richard W., _Grover Cleveland_, quoted, 108; 272.

Gillman, Henry, 81, 82.

Gilmore's Garden, 33.

Gladstone, William E., 253.

Gneist, Rudolf von, 94.

Gompers, Samuel, and the reinstatement of Miller, 180, 181; 195, 239,
240, 252.

Gorman, Arthur P., and the Turkish
mission, 42, 43; 38, 39.

Gorst, Sir Eldon, _S._ entertained by, 290, 291.

Gorst, Lady, 290.

Gottheil, Richard, 390.

Gould, Jay, 39.

Government Printing Office, and non-union printers, 180, 181.

Governors, the, of certain States, appeal to Roosevelt to accept
renomination
(1912), 310.

Grace, William R., Mayor of New York, 38, 42.

Graetz, Heinrich, _History of the Jews_, 278.

Grant, Ulysses S., 28, 89, 220.

Graves, William S., 392.

Gray, George, 119, 128, 334.

Great Britain, and Venezuela, 174;
remonstrance from society in, against lynchings, 185;
and the Lynch affair, 281;
her reasons for entering the war, 375, 376;
solicitude in, regarding action of U.S., 377.
And _see_ Great Powers.

Great Powers, the, alignment of, in 1909, 279;
effect of jealousy of, on Turkey, 280;
seek concessions then, under new regime, 280;
and the Crete affair, 294;
and the Balkan disturbances, 344.

Greece, conditions in (1910), 286;
designs of, in Crete, 293 _ff._;
buys warship from Italy, 294;
territorial claims of, 414.

Greeks, fail to appreciate Venizelos, 296.

Greene, Joseph K., 103.

Greer, David H., 386.

Gregory, Charles N., 334.

Grenfell, Sir Francis, 79.

Grey, Albert H. G., Earl, entertains _S._, 353, 354, 355; 374, 375, 376.

Grey, Lady, 354, 355.

Grey, Sir Edward, on England's reasons for entering the war, 375, 376;
and the proposed mediations of the U.S., 382;
letters of, to _S._, on the negotiations, 383; 377, 415.

Grey of Fallodon, Edward, Viscount. _See_ Grey, Sir Edward.

Griffith, W. J. T., 416.

Griggs, John W., 128, 334.

Griscom, Lloyd C., 155.

Grosvenor, Edward A., _History of Constantinople_, 77.

Guenzburg, Baron, 133.

Gutmann, Ritter von, 133.

Hagedorn, Hermann, 395.

Hague, the, opening of Peace Palace at, 356, 357.

Hague Court of Arbitration, _S._ appointed to, by Roosevelt, 164, 165;
Russia and Japan decline to go before, 188;
Moroccan question and, 192.

Hague Peace Conferences, participation of U.S. therein, 328;
results of, 322, 329.

Hakki Pasha, Grand Vizier, 282, 356.

Hale, Edward E., 178, 260.

Hale, Archdeacon, 120.

Hamburg-American S.S. Co., 152.

Hamdy Bey, and the proposed excavation in Babylonia, 98, 100;
his death and funeral, 283, 284; 151.

Hamlin, Cyrus, 76.

Hampstead Garden Suburb, 353, 354.

Hanna, Marcus A., career and character of, 198, 199; 195, 197.

Hannibal, 344.

Hanotaux, Gabriel, 360.

Harding, Edward, 415.

Harlan, John M., 160.

_Harper's Weekly_, 113.

Harpoot, massacres at, 139, 141;
building at, rebuilt, 142.

Harriman, E. H., 264.

Harrison, Benjamin, President, appoints commission on condition of Jews
in Russia, 106-108; 101, 164, 165, 208.

Harrison, Charles C., 160.

Haupt, Professor, 157.

Havelock, Sir Henry, 120.

Hawaii, use of, by Japanese immigrants, 217, 218;
visited by _S._, 222-225; conditions in, 223;
distribution of population of, 225.

Hay, John, _S._ confers with, in London, 130;
and _S._'s resignation, 159, 161;
letter of, to _S._, 161, 162;
his Roumanian note, 168, 169;
and the Kishineff protest, 171, 172;
and the treaty with New Granada, 175, 176;
and the arbitration treaties, 329, 330; 129, 140, 143, 144, 146, 150,
160, 174, 209, 331.

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, 338.

Hayward, William, 205.

Head-tax, representatives of foreign governments relieved from, 230, 231.

Heard, John, 299.

Hedges, Job E., 320.

Heilprin, Michael, 95, 96.

Henderson, Mrs. John B., 214.

Henry, Prince (Holland), 357.

Henry, Sir Charles, entertains _S._, 350, 351, 352.

Henry, Lady, 350, 352.

Hepburn, A. Barton, 35, 308.

Hepburn Committee, 35.

Herrick, Myron T., 122, 359.

Hertzl, Theodor, on Zionism, 156, 157;
his character, 157, 158; 81.

Hervey, Charles E., 205.

Herzegovina. _See_ Bosnia.

Hetzler, Theodore, 372.

Hewitt, Abram S., 121.

Hill, David J., 287, 288, 331.

Hill, J. Wesley, 274.

Hinricks, Frederic W., 126.

Hirsch, Baron Maurice de, Turkey's claim against, 92-94;
his philanthropy, 95, 96.

Hirsch, Baroness de, 94, 95, 96, 132, 133.

Hitchcock, Frank H., 256.

Hitchcock, Gilbert N., 427, 428, 429.

Hitt, Robert, 210.

Hockstader, Leonard, 337.

Hodge, William H., 205.

Hofmann, Josef, 55.

Holls, Frederick W., 331.

Holt, Hamilton, 397, 398, 400, 401, 403, 408, 409, 415.

Holt, Mrs. Hamilton, 409.

Holt, Henry, 331.

Homer, 57.

Homestead (Pa.) riots, responsibility for, 197.

Honolulu, 222 _ff._

Hoover, Herbert, his plan for sending food into Russia, 423;
374, 411.

Hoover, Mrs. Herbert, 374.

Horowitz, Leopold, 133.

Hotchkiss, William H., 314, 315, 319, 324.

House, Edward M., at the Paris Conference, 400, 401, 403, 404, 410,
412, 413, 419, 420, 421, 424, 425, 426.

House of Lords, proposed reform of, 351.

Howick Castle, 354, 355.

Hudson, James A., first law partner of _S._, 32, 34.

Hudson and Straus, 32.

Huerta, President of Mexico, 340.

Hughes, Charles E., 34, 247, 255.

Hughes, Mrs. Charles E., 248.

Hughes, William Morris, 407.

Humphreys, Andrew B., 121.

Hunt, Gaillard, 232.

Hussein Hilmi Pasha, Grand Vizier, 277, 278;
Lynch affair causes his resignation, 280-282.

Iddings, Mr., Consul-General at Cairo, 287, 291.

Iddings, Mrs., 287.

Ignatieff laws, 80, 95.

Immigration, questions relating to, 216, 217. And _see_ Head-tax,
Japanese immigration.

Immigration acts: of 1903, 216, 230;
of 1906, questionnaire of aliens under, 231;
1907, "limited passports" provision of, 219;
anarchists defined in, 234.

Imperiali, Marquis, 278.

"In God We Trust," omitted from gold coins, and restored, 262, 263.

Ince, Howard, 120.

Industrial Conference (1919-20), work of, 203, 204.

Industrial peace, and the National Civic Federation, 195 _ff._;
Roosevelt dedicates Nobel Prize to promotion of, 239, 240.

Ingersoll, Raymond V., 415.

International arbitration, results of Hague Conferences concerning,
328, 329. And _see_ Lake Mohonk.

International Court of Justice, 357, 358.

International law, naval officers should be conversant with, 333.

International peace congress, conference regarding, 178.

Interstate Commerce Commission, 35.

Interstate Commerce law, and the trusts, 186.

Ireland, John, Archbishop, 240.

Isaacs, Isaac S., 33.

Isaacs, Meyer S., 33;
96.

Isaacs, Sir Rufus, 352. And _see_ Reading, Earl.

Isaacs, Lady, 352.

Ishii, Viscount, _S._'s interview with, 224.

Ismail Pasha, Khedive, 78.

Italy, and A. M. Keiley, 46;
neutral attitude of, in 1909, 279;
her purpose in declaring war on Turkey, 340, 341;
and Prof. Luzzatti, 347. And _see_ Great Powers.

Jackson, Andrew, 87.

James, Darwin, 121, 122.

Japan, and Russia, Roosevelt negotiates peace between, 188, 189;
"Gentlemen's Agreement" with, 218, 227;
nullified by legislation in California, 266;
danger of strained relations with, 220, 221;
proposed treaty with, 226, 227;
present relations of U.S. with, 229, 230;
voyage of U.S. fleet, how interpreted by, 338;
amendments of League Covenant desired by, 407, 413.

Japanese, in California, question of naturalization of, 219, 221, 225,
226, 227;
outbreak against, in San Francisco, 220;
transit of, between Mexico and Canada, 226.

Japanese immigration to Pacific coast, 217-221;
the "Gentlemen's Agreement," 218;
executive regulations concerning, 219;
question of, studied by _S._ in Hawaii, 222 _ff._;
further consideration of, 225 _ff._;
statistics of (1907), 228, 229.

Jefferson, Joseph, 115.

Jefferson, Thomas, 258, 388.

Jerusalem, _S._'s visit to, 82-84;
restrictions on sojourn of Jews in, 84, 85.

Jessup, Henry H., _Fifty-Three Years in Syria_, 75.

Jewish Colonization Association, 167.

Jewish question in Roumania, King Carol on, 303.

Jews, persecution of, in Alsace, etc., 2;
council of, convened by Napoleon I, 3, 4;
foreign, in Turkey, negotiations concerning, 80 _ff._;
in Russia, persecution of, 106-108;
and the Kishineff massacre, 170-173;
Count Witte and, 189, 190, 191;
troubles of, in Roumania, 167;
and emigration of, to U.S., 167-169;
immigration of, into Palestine, 156, 157;
Roosevelt's attitude toward, 179, 180, 182, 183;
Victor Emmanuel on, 344;
Zangwill's project concerning, 359;
expulsion of, from Spain, 366, 367;
in U.S., unjustly charged with being anti-Ally, 390, 391;
Balfour Declaration regarding home in Palestine for, 399;
threatened persecution of, after the war, 418, 419.
And _see_ American Jews.

Johnson, Hiram W., nominated for Vice-President by Progressives, 313,
317, 318, 319; 361.

Johnstown flood, Abdul Hamid contributes to relief fund, 103.

Jones, George, 43, 107.

_Journal of Race Development, The_, 146, 147.

Judaism, Disraeli's loyalty to, 364.

Judson, Frederick N., 200.

Jussen, Edmund, 56.

Jussen, Mrs. Edmund (Schurz), 56.

Jusserand, Jules, and mediations by U.S., 380, 381; 390.

Kaufmann, Isidor, 133.

Kaufmann Brothers, 5.

Keefe, Daniel J., 239, 240.

Keiley, Anthony M., and the Austro-Hungarian mission, 46, 47;
in Egypt, 78.

Keiley, Mrs. A. M., 46, 78.

Kellogg, Frank H., 427, 428, 429.

Kempster, Walter, 107.

Kennedy, Monsignor, 289.

Kent, Frederick I., 372.

Kerensky, Alexander, interview with, 425, 426.

Kiamil Pasha, Grand Vizier, and the mission schools, 71, 72;
and the Bible society agents, 74;
unofficial negotiations with, 77;
and foreign Jews in Turkey, 80, 81, 83;
and the proposed Bagdad railroad, 96, 97;
and the excavations in Babylonia, 98, 99;
his character and political views, 153; 92.

King, Henry C., 415.

King, Pendleton, 57, 58, 71, 99.

King, W. L. Mackenzie, 339.

Kipling, Rudyard, quoted, 359.

Kipling, Mrs. Rudyard, 359.

Kirchwey, George W., 334.

Kishineff massacre, and its sequel, 170-173;
and lynchings in U.S., 185.

"Kitchen cabinet," the, 207, 208.

Knapp, Martin A., 200.

Knox, Philander C., letter of, to _S._, 273;
_S._ offended by instructions from, 297, 298; 183, 186, 227, 295,
306, 330, 340.

Kohlsaat, H. H., 174.

Kolschak, General, 426.

Kraus, Adolph, 189.

Kuhn, Arthur, 400, 401, 409, 415.

Kuroki, Tamemoto, entertained in New York, 219, 220.

La Follette, Robert M., 122.

Labor, Roosevelt's attitude toward, 181, 182, 186.

Labor, Department of, created, 239.

Labor representatives, conference with, 238, 239.

Labor unions, and the teamsters' strike, 188.

Lake Mohonk Conferences on international arbitration, 333, 334.

Lamont, Daniel S., 48.

Langley, S. P., and his flying machine (1900), 159.

Lansing, Robert, side-tracked, 412;
his objections to the Covenant, 412, 413;
334, 405, 428.

Larnaud, M., 420.

Lauzanne, Stephane, 390.

Lavanburg, Hannah S., mother of Mrs. Straus, 37, 50.

Lavanburg, Sarah, marries _S._ And _see_ Straus, Sarah (Lavanburg).

Laveleye, Emile L. V. de, 41, 42.

Law of Associations (Turkish), all foreign institutions subject to, 296;
_S._ secures certain exemptions from, 296.

Lazar, Jacob. _See_ Straus, Jacob I.

Lazard, Eli, 56.

Lazard Freres, 56.

League to Enforce Peace, committee to represent, at Peace Conference,
397;
meetings of, in U.S., approve League Covenant, 413;
seeks to secure ratification of the treaty, 426-429.

League of Nations, a, American desire for, 397;
initial discouraging outlook for, at Paris, 400.

League of Nations, the, and the Peace Palace, 357;
"Draft of, as Provisionally Approved," 400;
additional clauses insisted upon by France, 400;
and discussed by Bourgeois, 401-403;
Covenant of, discussed in Plenary Conference, 405-407;
Lansing's objections to Covenant of, 412, 413;
no provision concerning civil and religious liberty, and why, 413;
Article X, objections to, 410, 419;
Article XXI, revised by Wilson, 420;
these two articles in U.S. Senate, 427.

Lebowich, Mr., 183.

Lecky, W. E. H., _Democracy and Liberty_, 107.

Lee, Robert E., 19.

Lee, Sir Sidney, his lives of Shakespeare and Edward VII, 350.

Leishman, John G., 142, 289, 290.

Leo, Simeon N., 33.

Leopold II, of Belgium, death of, 282.

Levi, Leo N., 167, 171, 172.

Levy, Samuel, 367.

Lewes, George H., 51.

Lewis, William D., _Life of Theodore Roosevelt_, quoted, 311, 312.

Lewisohn, Adolf, 189.

Lichnowsky, Prince, _My London Mission_, the most convincing indictment
of Germany, 342.

Lidhold, Dr., on William II, 133, 139.

Lieber, Francis, his life and character, 30, 31.

Lieberman, Mr., 426.

Liliuokalani, Queen, 222.

Lincoln, Abraham, 180, 193, 269.

Littauer, Lucius N., 168.

"Little White House," at Lakewood, 112, 118.

Lloyd George, David, on divers Liberal measures, 351;
397, 405.

Locomotive Engineers, Brotherhood of, 199, 200.

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 308.

Loeb, William, Jr., 178, 212, 254, 256, 269, 394.

London, _S._'s visits to, 50-52, 304, 305, 350-354, 359;
from Paris to (July, 1914), 370, 371;
August 2 in, 371.

Long, Albert L., 76, 77.

Long Island Historical Society, _S._'s address before, 41.

Longworth, Alice (Roosevelt), 222, 360.

Longworth, Nicholas, 179, 209, 222.

Low, Seth, 170, 177, 240, 331.

Lowell, A. Lawrence, 397, 402, 421, 427, 428, 429.

Lowther, Gerard, British Ambassador to Turkey, 278.

Lubin, David, character and career of, 349, 350;
346.

Lusitania tragedy, the, 389.

Luther, Martin, 247.

Luzzatti, Luigi, _S._ and, 346, 347;
his _Liberty of Conscience_, 347;
349.

Lynch, Frederick, 415.

Lynch Company, affair of, and its result, 280-282.

Lynchings in the U.S., and Kishineff, 185;
remonstrance against, from Great Britain, 185.

McCarroll, William, 272.

McCormick, Vance, 411, 427.

McCumber, Porter J., 427, 428.

McGee, John C., nominates _S._ for Governor, 314-316.

Mack, Julian W., 418.

McKelway, St. Clair, 126, 160, 272.

Mackenzie, P. R., 347, 348.

McKinley, William, President, advises
with _S._ on Cuba, 123, 124, 126;
and on Turkey, 124, 125;
letter of _S._ to, 123;
appoints _S._ ambassador to Turkey, 124, 125;
quoted, on the appointment, 127, 128;
and _S._'s resignation, 159, 162;
commends his services, 160, 162;
thinks of offering him State portfolio, 160;
on granting independence to the Philippines, 161;
why he did not appoint _S._ on Hague Tribunal, 164, 165;
appoints a commission on naturalization, 232; 122, 128, 134, 135,
147, 149, 150.

McLane, Robert M., 52.

MacNamara, Thomas J., 351.

MacVeagh, Wayne, 184.

McVickar, Rev. Dr., 26, 27.

Madison, James, 389.

Madrid, Kermit Roosevelt married at, 362.

Mahmoud Chevket Pasha, Turkish Minister of War, impressions of, 292,
293, 295;
on conditions in Turkey, and her foreign relations, 293;
and the Crete affair, 293;
urges sale of warship by U.S., 295;
assassinated, 295.

Maine, battleship, blown up, 124.

Makino, Baron, quoted on the League Covenant, 407.

Manning, Mrs. Daniel, 299.

Marash, massacres at, 141.

Margherita, Queen of Italy, 158, 159.

Maria Christina, Regent of Spain, 122.

Marix, Adolph, 337.

Marks, Marcus M., 240.

Marschall von Bieberstein, Baron, _S._'s relations with, 278, 279;
135, 342.

Marshall, Louis, 251.

Marshall, Thomas R., 394.

Martens, Fedor F., 190, 356.

Martin, J. C., letter of Roosevelt to, on Taft's religion, 258-262.

Masaryk, Thomas G., 419.

Maspero. Sir Gaston, 289.

Massingham, H. W., 350.

Matthews, Brander, 25, 26, 28.

Maurer, Senor, 361.

Mavroyeni Bey, 84.

Mazzini, Giuseppe, 346.

Mediation of neutral powers and the Hague Conferences, 329, 340.

Mehmet, _cavass_, 58.

Merry del Val, Cardinal, 349.

Mesopotamia, as a place for colonization of Jews, 157.

Metcalf, Victor H., 212, 213, 227.

Methodist missions in Rome, 289, 290.

_Metropolitan Magazine_, 388.

Mexico, relations of U.S. with, 339, 340.

Meyer, Eugene, Jr., 390.

Meyer, George von L., U.S. Ambassador to Russia during Japanese war,
Roosevelt quoted on, 191; 254.

Mezes, Dr., 426.

Mezes, Mrs., 426.

Miller, Charles R., 44.

Miller, David H., 133, 424, 425.

Miller, Joaquin, 37, 301.

Miller, non-union printer, discharge of, 180;
reinstated by Roosevelt, 180, 181.

Mission schools in Turkey, negotiations concerning closing of, 70 _ff._;
visited by _S._, 73.

Missionaries, relations of, with Turkish government, 71, 73, 74;
ground of government's hostility to, 74, 75;
and Turkish passport regulations, 139, 140;
question of indemnities due to, 141, 142.

Mitchell, John, 240, 272.

Mitchell, S. Weir, in Constantinople, 150, 151;
attends Mme. Tewfik, 151;
his "Ode to a Lycian Tomb," 151.

Mitchell, Mrs. S. W., 150.

Mohammed V, Sultan, receives _S._ in audience, 276;
described, 276, 277; 282, 344.

Mohammedans, and Christianity, 75;
funerals of, 284.

Mohammedans in the Philippines. _See_ Sulu Islands.

Mohsin Khan, 101.

Monroe, James, 41, 388, 389.

Monroe Doctrine, why specifically referred to in Covenant of League,
420, 421, 427.

Montebello, Comte de, 72, 85.

Moody, William H., 186, 230.

Moore, Charles A., 195.

Moore, John Bassett, quoted, 176; 47, 48, 127, 128, 334.

Moore, J. Hampton, 241.

Morgan, J. P., & Co., 116.

Morocco. _See_ Algeciras.

Morris, E. J., 88.

Morrissey, P. H., quoted, 182; 200, 203.

Morrow, W. W., 334.

Morse, Samuel F. B., 24.

Moses, Adolf, 171.

Moses, George H., 286.

Munir Pasha, Grand Master of Ceremonies, 58, 99.

Munkacsy, Mihaly, 55, 56.

Munkacsy, Madame, 55.

Muenz, Sigmund, 304.

Murphy, Charles F., 117.

Murray, Gilbert, 415.

Murray, Lawrence O., 213, 234.

Nagel, Charles, 238.

Nansen, Dr., 416.

Napoleon I, and the Jews, 2;
convokes council of Jews at Paris, 3, 4, 412.
Nathan, Ernesto, Mayor of Rome, relations of _S._ with, 345, 346;
his descent, career, and character, 346; 349.

Nathan, Mr., father of Ernesto N., 346.

Nathan, Mr., brother of Ernesto, 345.

National Association of Manufacturers, 241.

National Civic Club, 126.

National Civic Federation, conference of, 194, 195;
industrial department of, its scope, and plan, 195;
its work, 195 _ff._

National Council of Commerce, 237, 238.
And _see_ Chamber of Commerce of the U.S.

National Insurance Act (Great Britain), 351.

National Primary Election League, 121, 122.

Nationalists, Egyptian, 288, 291.

Naturalization, careless administration of laws relating to, 231, 232;
report of commission on, 232;
treaties of, 333.
And _see_ Turkey.

Naval War College, 332, 333.

Navoni, dragoman, 87.

Negro question, the, Roosevelt on, 104.

Negulesco, Professor, 415.

Neill, Charles P., 200, 214, 240.

New Granada, treaty of U.S. with (1846), construction of, 175, 176.

New York Chamber of Commerce, annual meeting of (1910), 308; 35.

New York Peace Society, reception to _S._, 330, 331.

New York Public Service Commission, _S._ chairman of, 204-206.

New York _Sun_, 347.

New York _Times_, 43, 44, 107.

New York _World_, 114.

Newberry, Truman H., 394.

Nicholas II, Czar, 171, 173, 282, 328, 377, 392, 411, 417.

Nicholas, Grand Duke, 411.

Nicolaiovitch, Grand Duke, death of, 282.

Nicoll, Sir W. Robertson, 350.

Nobel Peace Prize, awarded to Roosevelt, 239;
his disposition of the fund, 239, 240;
the foundation dissolved, and the fund distributed, 240, 241.

_North American Review_, "The First Year of Taft's Administration," 288.

North German Lloyd S.S. Co., 152.

Nubar Pasha, 79.

Oahu Island, 224.

O'Brien, Thomas J., 344.

Ochs, Adolph S., 391.

Ochs, Mrs. A. S., 391.

Ochs, George W., 121.

O'Conor, Charles, 32.

O'Conor, Sir Nicholas R., British Ambassador to Turkey, asks aid of
_S._ in protecting orphanages, 148; 135, 140, 149.

Offley, David, 87.

Ohio Society of New York, Taft's address to, 264.

Olmet, Fernando del, writes on birthplace and nationality of Columbus,
368, 369.

Olney, Richard, 253, 335.

Orlando, Signor, 406.

Orphanages, British, in Turkey, closing of, 148.

Osman Pasha, 63, 68, 134.

Ottendorfer, Oswald, 44.

Otterberg, ancestral home of the Strauses, 1, 8, 9.

Ottolenghi, Israel, 3.

Ottolenghi, General, 344.

Ottoman American Development Co., 300.

_Outlook, The_, 290, 310, 341.

Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, convention for, 328, 329.

Page, Catherine, 359, 360.

Page, Walter Hines, on _S._'s activities in project of mediation, 384;
Bryan's instructions to, 385; 359, 372, 373.

Paine, Robert Treat, 178.

Paine, Thomas, _Common Sense_, 41.

Palestine, restriction on residence of Jews in, 80 _ff._, 84 _ff._;
immigration of Jews into, 156, 157;
the Balfour Declaration, 399.

Panama, revolution in, and the treaty of 1846 with New Granada, 174-176;
question of freedom of transit, 175, 176;
army of, 185.

Panama Canal, question of remission of tolls, 338, 339;
tolls-exemption bill repealed, 339; 237.

Pangrati, E., 415.

Pansa, Signor, 135.

Paris, _S._'s visits to, 52-56, 275;
in July, 1914, 370.
And _see_ Peace Conference.

Parker, Alton B., 299.

Parker, Mrs. A. B., 299.

Parliamentary systems of Great Britain and U.S., compared, 352.

Parsons, Herbert, 209.

Peace Conference at Paris, proceedings of, 400 _ff._;
failure of, to condemn Bolshevism, 417.
And _see_ League of Nations, Plenary Conference.

Peace Palace, at The Hague, opening of, 356, 357;
future of, 358.

Peck, Ferdinand W., 131.

Pepper, William, favors retention of _S._ as minister to Turkey, 101,
102; 97.

Pera, conditions in, 61, 62.

Perkins, George W., 205.

Pershing, John J., 410.

Persia, Shah of, 101.

Persian ambassador to Turkey, 61.

Persian ambassadress, a former Circassian slave, 61.

Persian Gulf, proposed railroad to, from Constantinople, 96, 97.

Persons, Henry, 243.

Peter the Cruel, 367.

Peters, John P., and the proposed excavations in Babylonia, 97 _ff._;
_Nippur_, 100.

Pettibone, I. F., 103.

Phelan, James D., 121.

Phelps, Edward J., 50, 151.

Philip, Hoffman, 300.

Philippines, _S._'s advice concerning, 127;
Mohammedans in the, 143 _ff._;
ignorance in U.S. concerning, 144;
proposed punitive expedition against Mohammedans, 165, 166.

Pillsbury-Washburn Flour Co., 147.

Pineapples, in Hawaii, 224.

Pius IX, 46.

Pius X, why he did not receive Roosevelt, 289, 290, 348, 349.

Platt, Frank H., 378.

Platt, Thomas C., 211, 309.

Plenary Conference, sessions of, 405-408, 423, 424.

Pogroms in Poland, 426.

Politzer, Adam, 133.

Polk, Frank L., 421.

Porter, David, 87.

Porter, Horace, 131, 132, 255, 331, 336.

Porter, Governor James Davis, 46.

Portsmouth Conference (1905), 189, 190, 191.

Powderly, Terence V., 239, 251, 252.

Prague, attacks on Jews in, 418.

Prendergast, William A., 314, 315, 317.

Preston, Frances (Folsom-Cleveland), on Cleveland's character, 358.

Primaries. _See_ Electoral reform.

Pringle, J. Lynch, 58.

Progressive Party, genesis of, 309 _ff._
National Convention of, nominates Roosevelt and Johnson, 313;
New York State Convention of, nominates _S._ for Governor, 313-317;
poorly organized, 325;
not a party, but a crusade, 325;
Roosevelt on the future of, 360, 361; 351, 395.

Progressive Republicans seat a candidate for nomination in 1912,
309, 310.

Pulido, Angel, 366, 368.

Pullman Car Co., strike of employees of, 194.

Quail, Egyptian, 79.

Quincy, Josiah, 121, 122.

Radowitz, Herr von, 363.

Rafail Meir Panisel, 83.

Railroads, complaints against, of
discrimination, etc., investigated by Hepburn Committee, 35;
and the Interstate Commerce law, 186, 187.

Railway Labor Arbitration Board, jurisdiction of, 199;
membership of, 200;
_S._ chairman of, 200;
hearings and decision of, in matter of Eastern roads and their
employees, 200-203.

Ramazan, month of, 59, 276, 277.

Rampolla, Cardinal, 347, 348, 349.

Reading, Rufus D. Isaacs, Earl, 410.

Reclus, Jean Jacques, 144.

Reconstruction, why being halted, 429, 430.

Reed, Mr., at Madrid, 365.

Reid, Whitelaw, 128, 304.

Reis Effendi, 87.

Republican Party disrupted in 1910, 309.

Republicans of New York offer to nominate _S._ for Governor, 319;
why they did not, 319, 320.

Revolution of 1848, 4.

Reynolds, James B., 393.

Rhind, Charles, 87.

Ribot, Alexandre, 409.

Riddle, John W., 133, 134, 172, 173.

Riega, Celso G. de la, on the birthplace and ancestry of Columbus,
368, 369.

Rifaat Pasha, Minister of Foreign Affairs, 276, 277, 278, 283, 294.

Robert College, _S._ presides at Commencement exercises of, 66, 67;
57, 76, 77, 297, 299.

Robinson, Corinne (Roosevelt), 247.

Robinson, Geoffrey, 374.

Robinson, Stewart, death of, 247.

Rockwood, photographer, and Cleveland, 117.

Rodin, Auguste, 360.

Rome, _S._'s visits to, 158, 159, 344-349;
modernization of, by Mayor Nathan, 346.

Roosevelt, Alice, quoted, 179; 209.
And _see_ Longworth, Alice (Roosevelt).

Roosevelt, Mrs. Alice Lee, 179.

Roosevelt, Archie, 188, 275, 394.

Roosevelt, Mrs. Edith Carow, her character, 177;
and the Kaiser's invitation, 287, 288; 174, 188, 209, 244, 245, 247,
255, 274, 275, 323, 387, 395.

Roosevelt, Ethel, 188, 275.
And _see_ Derby, Ethel (Roosevelt).

Roosevelt, George E., 323.

Roosevelt, Kermit, _S._ attends his marriage to Miss Willard at
Madrid, 362; 188, 244, 249, 358, 394.

Roosevelt, Philip, 360.

Roosevelt, Quentin, death of, 245; 188, 244, 275.

Roosevelt, Theodore, appoints _S._ to Hague Tribunal, 164, 165, 208;
and the Kishineff massacre, 171-173;
and the Alaskan boundary question, 173, 174;
and the Venezuelan dispute, 174;
and the Panama revolution, 174-176;
divers personal traits and characteristics, 176, 177, 179, 180,
181, 192, 193, 208, 215, 256, 289, 309;
quoted on _S._, 178;
his attitude toward Jews, 179, 180;
quoted on discharge of Miller, 181;
his policy with regard to labor, 181, 182, 186;
quoted on religious freedom, 182, 183, 347;
and on Americanism, 183;
on the negro question, 184, 187;
his Annual Message of 1904, 185-187;
favors eight-hour law, 186;
on trusts, 186;
negotiates between Russia and Japan, 188 _ff._;
letter of, to Count Witte, on plight of Jews in Russia, 191;
letter of, to _S._, on Germany's attitude and purposes, 192;
his "kitchen cabinet," 207, 208;
his miscalled "impulsiveness," 208, 256;
preparedness his outstanding characteristic, 208, 256;
his public addresses, 208, 209;
makes _S._ Secretary of Commerce and Labor, 210, 211, 212;
and Japanese immigration, 217 _ff._, 221, 225 _ff._;
reappoints commission on naturalization, 232;
awarded Nobel Peace Prize, 239;
his initial and final distribution of the prize fund, 240, 241;
his parting gift to _S._, 247;
favors Taft for President in 1908, 248,
and uses his influence in that sense, 249;
declines renomination, 249, 250;
proposed African trip, 252, 255;
_African Game Trails_, 252;
invited to lecture at Oxford, 253, 255;
in Taft campaign, 253 _ff._;
letter of, to Bryan, 254;
invited to speak at the Sorbonne, 255, 256;
preparing his Oxford address, 255, 256;
his relation to Taft's success, 256;
his administration again a new era in history of U.S., 257;
his relations with his cabinets, 257;
on Taft's religion, 257-262;
omits motto on gold coins, 262;
assures _S._ of Taft's purpose to reappoint him, 263;
one cause of his break with Taft, 263, 264;
his speech at dinner to Sherman, 265-267;
at the last Cabinet meeting, 267, 268;
at inauguration of Taft, 268-270;
his personal following, 269;
letter of, to _S._, on his reappointment to Turkish Embassy, 274;
_S._ on administration of, 274, 275;
opposition in Congress to his policies, 276;
at Cairo with _S._, 287 _ff._;
on Taft's failure to reappoint _S._ and others to Cabinet, 288;
his address in Cairo, and the murder of Budros Pasha, 288, 289, 291;
why he was not received by Pius X, 289, 290, 348, 349;
policies of, and Taft's administration, 306;
influence of, not dead in 1910, 308;
his attitude toward renomination, 308;
and the "bosses," 309;
appeal of the governors to, 310;
agrees to accept nomination if demanded by people, 310;
his speech at Columbus, O., 310, 311;
did his advocacy of the recall of judicial decisions defeat him?
311, 312;
his speech at Carnegie Hall, 312, 313;
nominated by Progressives, 313;
letter of, to _S._, and interview, on _S._'s nomination for Governor,
317-319;
in the campaign, 322-324;
his heroism when shot, 322;
speaks at Madison Square Garden, 323, 324;
letter of, to _S._, 325;
believes in the efficacy of strong armaments to ensure peace, 336;
sends a fleet round the world, 336-338;
on the future of the Progressive Party, 360, 361;
on the probability of the U.S. being involved in the World War, 387;
his offer to raise a division, 388;
criticizes the President, 388, 389,
but is ready to cooperate, 389;
his last illness, death, and funeral, 391-394;
his Nobel Prize address, 395, 397; 166, 187, 213, 214, 216, 222,
225, 230, 231, 234, 235, 237, 241, 245, 246, 247, 253, 272,
285, 291, 292, 320, 325, 330, 351, 358, 359, 362, 390, 397.
His _Autobiography_ quoted, 177, 191, 337.

Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 188, 394.

Roosevelt, William E., 360.

Roosevelt Pilgrimage, the, 394, 395.

Root, Elihu, and Japanese immigration, 217, 219, 221; 179, 230, 231,
236, 237, 258, 265, 335, 336, 339, 349, 393, 394.

Rosebery, Archibald P., Primrose, Earl of, conversation with, 149, 150.

Rosen, Baron, 189.

Rothschild, Alfred, on the Triple Entente, 305, 306.

Rothschild, Alfred Charles de, Baron, 52.

Rothschild, Lord, on the Triple Entente, 305.

Roumania, and the Jews, 80, 81, 303;
restrictions on, and oppression of Jews in, 166, 167;
emigration of Jews from, to U.S., 167-169;
Hay's note to the Powers concerning, and its effect, 169;
relations of U.S. with, 185;
visited by _S._, 300-304.

Roumeli-Hissar, 57.

_Round Table, The_, 374.

Rowe, Leo S., 334.

Rush, Benjamin, 41.

Russia, and Russian Jews in Turkey, 80, 81;
and the Jews, 106-108;
laws against Jews in, and the Kishineff massacre, 170, 171, 172, 173;
relations of U.S. with, 185;
and Japan, Roosevelt brings about Portsmouth Conference between,
188, 189;
Count Witte and the Jews in, 189, 190;
attitude of, toward Turkey, after 1905, 279, 293;
duty of, at outbreak of war, 375, 376, 377;
present conditions in, 411, 417.
And _see_ Great Powers.

Russian emigrants, and Baron de Hirsch, 95, 96.

Russo-Japanese War, 180.

Rustem Pasha, 50, 51.

Ryan, Thomas F., 264.

Sabbatai Zevi, 278.

Sage, William H., 26.

Said Pasha, Minister of Foreign Affairs, 58, 85, 86, 99.

Salant, Samuel, 83.

Salisbury, Robert Cecil, Marquis of, 123, 148.

Salmon, Adolph, 52, 53.

Salmon, Mrs. Adolph, 53.

Salonica, visited by _S._, 285.

Samuel, Herbert L., 305, 352, 399.

Samuel, Mrs. H. L., 305, 352, 399.

Sapelli, Marquis and Marchioness, 349.

Savannah Board of Trade, 241, 242.

Sayce, Archibald H., 289.

Sazonoff, M., 377, 411, 417, 418.

Schaeffer, Mr., labor leader, 197.

Schiff, Jacob H., 96, 106, 168, 189.

Schurman, Jacob G., 170.

Schurz, Carl, criticizes appointment of Van Alen, 113; 4, 44, 56, 97,
122, 192.

Schuyler, Philip, 150.

Schuyler, Mrs. Philip, 150.

Schwab, Gustav H., 237.

Scipio Africanus, 344.

Scott, James B., 334, 335, 336.

Seasongood, Lewis, 106.

Selamlik, ceremony of, 63, 64, 152.

Seligman, Isaac, 52.

Seligman, Isaac N., 189, 345.

Seligman, Jesse, 96, 106.

Seligman, William, 55.

Seligman, Mrs. William, 55.

Seligman Freres, 55.

Senate of U.S., refuses to ratify naturalization treaty with Turkey,
90, 92;
and the Treaty of Paris, 426-429.

Serbia, claims towns awarded to Roumania, 414.

Seward, George F., 178.

Shakespeare, General, 120.

Sharp, William G., U.S. Ambassador to France, 411, 412.

Shaw, Albert, 121, 172, 173, 200.

Shaw of Dunfermline, Thomas, Lord, 398, 399, 415, 416.

Sheffield, James H., 209.

Shepard, Edward M., 170, 331.

Sherman, James S., Roosevelt's speech at dinner to, 265-267; 251, 269.

Sherman, William T., 53.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 253.

Sherman Silver Coinage Act, repeal of, 112.

Short, Dr., 427.

Sicily, Greek and Roman remains in, 343, 344.