Chapter X: Warships of the Twentieth Century (3)

Pioneer of modern battleship, 244

Portholes, invention of, 42, 49;
plated ports, 120;
reduced size, 120;
diagonal plates, 125

Privateers, 140

Projectiles:
Armour-piercing, 265, 273;
Bessemer steel, 267;
Dutch cheeses, 76;
flat-headed, 268;
human heads, 73;
anti-war shell, 268;
Palliser, 164, 269, 274;
Whitworth, pointed and cylindrical, 274;
studded, 277;
steel, 268;
stone cannon balls, 40;
solid and hollow shot, 126;
resistance of armour to, 322-3;
lead-coated, 274;
velocity, 272;
weight, 274;
elongated shell, 85, 86

Propellers:
Adjustable, 123;
advantages, 148;
Dudgeon’s, 148;
Ericsson’s screw, 92;
Griffiths’, 125, 147;
Smith’s, 92;
Mangin, 122;
twin screws, 138, 148, 173;
adoption by Admiralty, 150;
first British twin screw ironclad, 150;
twin screw in United States of America, 125

Proposal to subject _Cerberus_ to gunfire with crew on board, 184, 185

Protected ships (Japanese), 37

Queen Elizabeth and Navy, 50, 51;
second embassy to Turkey, 53

Rafts, 21

Railway locomotives as marine engines, 106

Raleigh, Sir Walter, as critic, 55

Ram, 5, 6, 7, 10, 119, 172, 190, 205

Ramberges, 44

Range-finding tower, 259

Rapid building, 192, 247

Ratings, 57, 59

Recessed ports, 150, 172

Reed, Mr., afterwards Sir E., 195

Remarkable French ironclads, 190-1

Rennie, J. and G., 94

Report on Royal Navy (1552), 50

Resistance of armour to projectiles, 322-3

Robinson and Russell, 98, 113

Russell, Scott, 90, 120

Russo-Japanese War:
Russian fleet’s departure for the Far East, 236;
British trawlers or Japanese torpedo boats, 236;
Russian fleet’s slow speed, 236;
going to destruction, 236;
Japan’s ships’ superior speed, 237;
Russians reach Japanese waters, 236;
sudden Japanese attack, 237;
Russian ships overloaded and filthy, 237;
Japanese gunnery superior, 237;
Russians defeated in two hours, 237;
Admiral Togo’s objects, incidents of the battle, 239-40

Russo-Turkish War:
Value of torpedo to Russians, 200;
powerful Turkish fleet, 212;
Turkish ships torpedoed, 212-3;
naval encounter, 214

Ruthven’s hydraulic propulsion, 186;
experiments, 187-8

Sailers converted into steamships, 105

Sailing warships with attendant steamers, 95, 107

Sakers, 74

Samoan war canoe, 26

Samuda, 194, 233

“Sappy timbers and rotten planking,” 241

Scouts, combination of gunboat, cruiser and destroyer, 311;
English and American, 311

Sea-fights of the Crusades, 14

Sea-going turret ship, 193

Secondary armaments, 251, 252, 303

Semmes, Capt. R., 140

Seppings, Sir R., 65

Serpentines, 45

Seventeenth century cannon, 74

Screws (_see_ Propellers)

Shark’s-mouth rudders, 149

Shields of basket work, 6, 15

SHIPS MENTIONED:
_Aaron Manby_, 90
_Abyssinia_, 183
_Achilles_, 172
_Acorn_, 310
_Actinaut_, 288
_Active_ (1822), 89
_Admiral Popoff_, 180
_Adventure_, 60
_Adventure_ (scout), 311
_Affondatore_, 153
_Agamemnon_ (1853), 105
_Agamemnon_ (1906), 252, 317
_Agincourt_ (1865), 122, 167
_Alabama_, 141
_Albatross_, 185
_Albatross_ (1899), 306
_Albemarle_ (Confederate), 134, 286
_Alecto_, 98
_Alexander III._ (Russian), 238
_Alexandra_, 174, 216
_Almirante Cochrane_, 203, 296
_Almirante Condell_, 209, 210
_Almirante Lynch_, 209, 210
_Amethyst_, 201
_Amphion_ (1895), 253
_Antelope_ (Queen Elizabeth), 52
_Archimedes_, 92
_Arethusa_ (1895), 253
_Ark Royal_, 52
_Arrogant_, 103
_Arminius_, 194
_Ascension_ (Queen Elizabeth), 53
_Assar-i-Chevket_, 214
_Assar-i-Tewfik_, 212
_Ataka Maru_, 37
_Atlanta_ (Confederate), 133
_Atlanta_ (United States), 222
_Audacious_, 173
_Avni-Illah_, 212
_Azazieh_, 212
_Bacchante_, 256
_Baltimore_ (United States), 224, 225, 227
_Bangor_ (United States), 123
_Barfleur_, 260
_Basilisk_, 99
_Battle Animal_, 5
_Beacon_, 216
_Beagle_, 310
_Bellerophon_ (1865), 148, 163, 172
_Bellerophon_ (1907), 317
_Belier_, 163
_Beloved of Amon_, 5
_Benbow_, 245
_Berenguela_ (Spanish, 1865), 198
_Birkenhead_, 99, 100
_Bittern_, 216
_Black Eagle_, 102
_Black Galley_, 51
_Black Prince_ (1860), 129, 158
_Black Prince_ (1904), 261
_Blanco Encalada_, 203, 296 _et seq._
_Bolivar_ (Venezuelan), 173
_Bombe_ (1885), 305
_Bonaventure_, 52
_Borodino_ (Russian), 238, 239
_Boston_ (United States), 222, 227
_Boxer_, 306
_Brilliant_ (36-gun frigate), 60
_Brooklyn_ (United States, 1862), 140
_Brooklyn_ (United States, 1895), 233
_Buenos Ayres_ (Argentine), 263
_Cabral_ (Brazil), 199
_Caledonia_ (1794), 64
_Caledonian_, 172
_Calliope_, 257
_Camperdown_, 245
_Canopus_, 250, 260
_Captain_, 160, 161, 183
_Caracon_, 46
_Castilla_ (Spanish), 227
_Centurion_ (1897), 248
_Cerberus_, 183, 184, 185, 243
_Charleston_ (United States), 223
_Chesapeake_ (United States), 60, 61
_Chicago_ (United States, 1883), 222
_Christopher Spayne_, 43
_Collingwood_, 317
_Colombo_ (Brazil), 199
_Colossus_ (1882), 244
_Colossus_ (1911), 318, 320
_Columbia_ (United States), 225
_Comet_ (1821), 89
_Commerce de Marseilles_ (French), 63
_Comus_, 257
_Concord_ (Spanish), 228
_Condor_, 216
_Congreve_ (French), 109
_Conqueror_ (1882), 244
_Conqueror_ (1911), 262, 318, 319
_Constant Warwick_, 57
_Constellation_ (United States), 60
_Constitution_ (United States), 60, 61
_Courageux_, 58
_Covadonga_ (Chilian), 197, 205, 206
_Cressy_, 261
_Cristobal Colon_ (Spanish), 232
_Cushing_ (United States), 224
_Cygnet_, 216
_Dandolo_ (Italian), 152, 177
_Danton_ (French), 325
_Dantzig_ (Prussian), 98
_Daring_, 306
_Dartford_, 261
_David_ (Confederate), 136, 294
_Decoy_, 216
_Delaware_ (United States), 325
_Demologos_, 82
_Desperate_, 306
_De Tygre_ (Dutch), 193
_Devastation_ (1869), 161 _et seq._, 176, 243
_Dévastation_ (French, 1854), 109
_Devonshire_, 260
_Diamond_ (1874), 256
_Dictator_, 138
_Dolphin_ (United States), 222
_Don Antonio de Ulloa_ (Spain), 229
_Doncaster_, 81
_Don Juan_ (Austrian), 153
_Dover_, 93
_Drache_ (Austrian), 153
_Drake_ (1902), 260
_Dreadnought_ (_Caledonia_), 64
_Dreadnought_ (Queen Elizabeth), 52
_Dreadnought_ (turret), 244, 240, 171, 176
_Dreadnought_ (1906), 240, 313-321
_Druid_, 185
_Duilio_ (Italian), 152, 177
_Duncan_, 250, 261
_Dunderberg_, 189
_Duke of Wellington_, 105
_Dupuy de Lôme_, 259
_Dwarf_, 94
“_E_,” 304
_Edinburgh_, 244
_Edward_, 47
_Elburkah_, 90
_Elizabeth Jones_, 52
_Encounter_, 103
_Esmeralda_ (1865), 197
_Esmeralda_ (1883), 258
_Erebus_ (1854), 112
_Ernest Renan_, 263
_Essex_, 60
_Faid Gihaad_, 97
_Far East_, 150
_Ferdinand Maximilian_, 153, 155
_Fingal_, 133
_Flora_, 148
_Foo-So_ (Japanese), 233
_Formidabile_ (Italian), 153
_Formidable_, 250
_Foudroyant_ (French), 109
_Fulton the First_, 82
_Furor_ (Spanish), 232
_Fury_, 171
_Gabriel Royal_, 49
_Garry Owen_, 91
_Gem of the Ocean_, 225
_George_, 51
_Glatton_ (1854), 111
_Glatton_ (1869), 161, 182
_Gibraltar_ (_ex Sumter_), 141
_Gloire_ (French), 117-20
_Glorious in Memphis_, 5
_Gorgon_, 95
_Goubet_, 300
_Grappler_, 76
_Grace de Dieu_, 44
_Great Britain_, 93
_Great Dragon_, 17
_Great Eastern_, 93
_Great Harry_, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50
_Greenock_, 101
_Guadeloupe_, 91
_Guerriere_, 61
_Gymnote_, 300
_Habsburg_, 153
_Handig Vlug_, 241
_Hardy_, 274
_Hartford_ (United States), 136
_Hatteras_, 141
_Hebe_, 149
_Hebe_ (French frigate), 96
_Hecate_, 90
_Hecla_, 90
_Hector_ (1860), 147, 172
_Heiligerlee_ (Dutch), 192
_Helicon_, 172
_Henry_, 57
_Henry Grace de Dieu_, 44
_Hercules_ (1866), 158, 173, 195, 243
_Hercules_ (1911), 318
_Hibernia_ (1790), 62
_Holigost_, 43
_Holland_, 295 _et seq._
_Holy Ghost_, 44
_Hood_ (1897), 247, 248, 321
_Hornet_, 306
_Housatonic_, 294
_Huascar_, 200 _et seq._
_Imperieuse_ (1881), 258
_Inconstant_ (1869), 181, 257
_Indiana_, 232
_Independencia_ (Peru), 202-206
_Infanta Maria Teresa_, 230, 232
_Inflexible_ (1876), 175-8, 216, 241
_Inflexible_ (1907), 261
_Invincible_, 58
_Invincible_ (1876), 216
_Invincible_ (1907), 253
_Iowa_, 233
_Iris_ (1878), 253
_Iron Duke_, 173
_Ironsides_, 136
_Janus_, 306
_Jesus_, 43
_Kaifu_, 310
_Kaiser_ (Austrian), 153
_Kaiser Maximilian_, 153
_Katahdin_, 222
_Katherine_, 57
_Katherine Forteless_, 50
_Kearsarge_, 141
_Kearsarge_ (second), 225
_Kentucky_, 225
_Key-ing_, 35
_King Edward VII._, 251
_King George_ (Greek), 194, 212
_Kniaz Suvaroff_, 238, 239
_Krokodil_, 192
_Kron Prim_, 194
_Lady Nancy_, 114
_Lave_ (French), 109
_Leander_, 257
_Leicester_ (galleon), 53
_Leviathan_, 58
_Lightning_ (1823), 89
_Lightning_ (1876), 302
_Lightning_ (1894), 306
_Lion_ (Queen Elizabeth), 52
_Lion_ (15th century), 49
_Liverpool_, 261
_Long Serpent_, 18
_Lord Clyde_, 147
_Lord Nelson_, 314, 317
_Lutfi-Djelil_, 213
_Magdala_, 183
_Magenta_ (French), 191
_Magnificent_, 248-50, 261
_Mahmoudieh_, 212
_Maine_ (1886), 224, 226, 255
_Majestic_, 248-50, 262, 314, 322
_Maori_, 310
_Marie de la Cordeliere_, 45
_Mary_, 173
_Mary Florence_, 207, 208
_Mary Rose_, 49, 50, 52
_Mastiff_, 274
_Megæra_, 99
_Merchant Royal_, 53
_Mercury_ (1878), 253
_Mermaid_ (1842), 94
_Merrimac_, 124 _et seq._
_Messoudiye_, 175, 212
_Miantonomoh_, 189
_Minos Geraes_, 324
_Minin_, 179
_Minneapolis_, 225
_Minotaur_ (1865), 122, 147, 148, 158
_Minotaur_ (1906), 261
_Mohawk_, 308
_Moltke_, 326
_Monarch_ (1868), 159-61, 183, 216, 244
_Monarch_ (1911), 318-20
_Monitor_, 92 (_see_ Index)
_Monkey_, 89
_Mouette_ (French), 113
_Mrs. Grand_, 50
_Mute_, 292
_Nahant_, 133
_Naugatuck_, 137
_Nautilus_, 291
_Nemesis_, 91
_Neptune_, 103
_Neptune_ (1911), 318-20
_Niger_, 99
_Nile_, 244, 246, 321
_Nix_ (Prussian), 113
_Nonpareil_, 52
_Northumberland_ (1865), 122, 147, 148, 243
_Novelty_, 92
_Novgorod_, 180
_Numancia_ (1864), 192, 197, 230
_Ocean_, 172
_O’Higgins_, 208
_Old Ironsides_, 61, 136
_Olympia_, 227
_Onondaga_, 190
_Oquendo_, 230
_Oregon_, 226, 233
_Orel_, 238, 239
_Orion_, 317, 318, 321
_Orkanieh_, 212
_Osliabya_, 239
_Osmanieh_, 212
_Pallas_ (armour plate), 172
_Pallas_ (36-gun frigate), 60
_Pelayo_, 230
_Penelope_ (1843), 96
_Penelope_ (1867), 150, 216
_Peter the Great_, 179
_Phæton_ (1897), 254
_Phœnix_ (British), 95
_Phœnix_ (Stevens’), 82
_Plongeur_, 294
_Pluton_, 232
_Powerful_, 259
_President_ (United States), 60
_Prince_ (Prince Royal), 54
_Princess Royal_, 262
_Princeton_, 92
_Prinz Eugen_, 153
_Quail_, 306
_Queen Mary_, 262
_Rainbow_, 52
_Raleigh_, 227
_Ramillies_, 292
_Rattler_, 98
_Rattlesnake_, 305
_Recruit_, 113
_Re d’Italia_, 152
_Re de Portogallo_, 152
_Regent_, 45, 49
_Reina Cristina_, 227
_Renown_ (1897), 248, 260
_Research_, 172
_Resurgam_, 295
_Retribution_, 106
_Rhadamanthus_, 90
_Rio de Janeiro_, 262
_Rising Star_, 88
_Roccafortis_, 20
_Rochambeau_, 189
_Rolf Kraake_, 151
_Rossia_ (1896), 259
_Royal Louis_, 58
_Royal Sovereign_ (1783), 63
_Royal Sovereign_ (1861), 146, 243
_Royal Sovereign_ (1897), 247, 248, 321
_Royal William_, 94
_Rupert_, 244
_Rurik_ (1894), 259
_Rurik_ (1906), 259
_Salamander_ (Austrian), 153
_Salamander_ (Prussian), 113
_Salamander_ (1832), 89
_Salem_, 311
_Sans Pareil_, 245
_Sapphire_ (1874), 256
_Scorpion_, 172
_Scourge_ (United States), 124
_Sea Devil_ (Russian), 294
_Seraing_, 186
_Shah_, 201
_Shannon_, 61
_Shannon_ (1853), 105
_Shenandoah_ (Confederate), 140, 143
_Ship of Pharaoh_, 5
_Simoom_, 99
_Skeered-o’-Nothing_ (United States), 324
_Southfield_, 164
_Sovereign_, 45, 49
_Sovereign of the Seas_, 55
_Speedwell_, 51
_Star_, 306
_Stromboli_, 95, 114
_St. Vincent_ (1909), 317
_Submarine A1_, 296
_Success_, 76
_Sultan_, 103, 167, 173
_Sumter_ (Confederate), 140
_Superb_ (1875), 175, 212, 216, 243
_Superb_ (1908), 317
_Superbe_ (French), 58
_Swift_, 309
_Swiftsure_ (Queen Elizabeth), 52
_Tartar_, 309
_Taureau_, 163, 190
_Temeraire_ (1876), 174, 216, 244
_Temeraire_ (1907), 317
_Tennessee_ (Confederate), 134
_Terribile_ (Italian), 153
_Terrible_ (steam frigate), 97
_Terrible_ (1895), 259
_Terror_ (1854), 110
_Texas_, 224, 225, 233
_The Pitt_, 76
_Thetis_, 113
_Thunderbolt_, 233
_Thunderer_ (1869), 162, 171, 176
_Thunderer_ (1911), 318, 319
_Tonnante_, 109
_Trafalgar_ (1886), 246, 321
_Transporter_, 298
_Trident_, 99
_Trinity_, 44
_Trinity Royal_, 43
_Triumph_ (1578), 51, 52
_Triumph_ (1903), 251
_Trusty_ (1854), 111
_Tryeright_, 51
_Tsushima_, 263
_Turbinia_, 306
_United States_, 60
_Valorous_, 97
_Vanguard_ (1512), 52
_Vanguard_ (1871), 173
_Vanguard_ (1909), 317
_Vesta_, 214
_Vesuvius_, 95
_Vesuvius_ (United States), 224
_Victoria_ (Peruvian), 198
_Victoria_ (Spanish), 230
_Victoria_ (1859), 116
_Victoria_ (1887), 245, 246
_Victory_, 52
_Ville de Madrid_, 198
_Ville de Paris_, 62
_Viper_, 188
_Virginia_, 124
_Vixen_, 188
_Vizcaya_, 230
_Vladimir_, 106
_Von der Tann_, 253
_Vulcan_, 303
_Wampanoag_, 256
_Warrior_, 118, 147, 243
_Warspite_ (1881), 258
_Waterwitch_, 186
_Weehawken_, 134
_Weser_, 113
_Whang-Ho_, 35
_Wyvern_, 172
_Yarra_, 310
_Yorktown_, 223
_Ysabel Segunda_, 96

Shortland Island Canoes, 31

Simms, Lieut.-Commander W. S., U.S.N., 237, 312, 314

Slaves as rowers, 11

Sloops, 59

Solomon Island Canoes, 30, 31

Ship of 1486-50, 41

Ship construction:
Longitudinal, 120;
transverse, 120;
longitudinal watertight bulkheads, 171;
brass stern and rudder post, 182;
bracketed frames, 163;
sunk forecastle, 163
(_see_ Freeboard)

“Ship of the Future,” 193

Ships with banks of oars, 7

Siamese native warships, 38

Soft-ended barbette ships, 244

Spanish-American War, 227 _et seq._:
American Pacific fleet, 227;
Spanish naval force at Manila, 227;
American and Spanish fleets compared, 228;
Battle of Manila Bay, 228-9;
destruction of Spanish fleet, 229;
American Atlantic fleet, 230;
Spanish fleet, 230;
Admiral Cervera’s complaints, 230;
Spanish dash from Santiago; destruction of Spanish fleet, 230-3;
Admiral Sampson’s 4th July present to the nation, 231

Spanish Armada, 51

Spur gearing, 98, 101, 103

Sponsons as gun platforms, 97

Speed, 202, 236, 237, 238, 239, 253, 302;
rapid firing guns and increased speed, 304;
of destroyers, 306;
with turbines, 308;
objections to high speed, 308;
_Invincible_ and _Von der Tann_, 254;
former’s speed, how obtained, 255;
speed retarded by marine growths, 257;
importance of, in armoured cruisers, 260;
turbine engines, 262;
length, beam, and speed, 263, 264

Stanhope, Lord, 87

Steam rotated circular fort, 86

Steel:
adopted by United States of America, 222;
protective deck, 146;
supplanting iron, 179, 181;
gradual adoption in warships, 241;
early steel warship, 241;
advantages over iron, 243;
heavy armoured steel ship, 244;
first battleships for British Navy, 244;
single-turreted battleships, 246;
armour 20 inches thick, 246;
Harveyised steel armour introduced in British Navy, 248;
_Renown_ 10-inch armour stronger than _Royal Sovereign’s_
18-inch armour, 248;
hulls, wood sheathed, 259;
nickel steel armoured deck, 261;
chrome, 276

Steering gear:
protection, 133, 159;
lack of protection, 153;
first warship with steam steering gear, 123

Stevens’ floating battery, 83, 84;
ironclad ram, 138

Stitched canoes, 30;
planks, 21, 28

Stockton, Commodore R. F., 84, 128

Superiority of _Dreadnoughts_ over pre-_Dreadnoughts_, 262

Swivel guns on paddle steamers, 126

Symonds, Captain, 173

Symonds, Sir W., 66

Submarines:
Hindrance to great speed, 285;
early experiments, 288-90;
diving boat of leather, 289;
friars as inventors, 290;
Abbé Borelli’s experiments, 290;
Bushnell’s American turtle, 291;
Fulton’s _Nautilus_, 291;
catamarans with floating mines, 291;
Fulton’s _Mute_, 292;
fatal experiments, 293;
Philipp’s cigar-shaped, 293;
first iron, 293;
Bauer’s submarines, 293;
he visits England and America, 293-4;
_Sea Devil_ sunk, 294;
_Davids_ show possibility of torpedo boats, 295;
Garrett’s _Resurgam_, 295;
Holland’s boats, 295-6;
adoption by Admiralty, 296;
Classes A to D: dimensions and engines, 297-8;
Japan’s submarines, 298;
steamer sunk to receive them, 298;
steam-engine “bottled-up,” 299;
Nordenfeldts, 299;
first to carry Whitehead torpedo, 299;
Turks and Nordenfeldt, 299;
French experiments with submarines, 300;
periscope, 300, 302;
British submarines’ voyage: England to Hong Kong, 301;
engines for, 301;
“Lake” submarines, 301;
submarine motor tour, 301;
submersibles, 302

Tahitian Pahi, 30

Tatnall, Commodore J., 132, 134

Tatnall, Midshipman Joseph: examination, 221

Targets (_see_ Armour, Artillery)

Tegethoff, Admiral, 154

Thames Ironworks, 118, 194

Thorneycroft’s, 302, 306, 309

Ting, Chinese Admiral, 234-5

Togo, Admiral, 237

Torpedoes:
Spar, 285, 286;
torpedo possibilities compel recognition, 286;
American Civil War, 286;
Whitehead torpedo, 286;
range and speed of modern torpedoes, 287;
torpedo explosives, 288;
steering by “wireless,” 288;
cellular double bottoms as protection against, 152;
employment at Mobile, 139;
French experiments, 151

Torpedo boats:
Destruction of _Albemarle_, 134;
British and French experiments, 151;
in Russo-Turkish War, 214;
first British, 302;
parent ships, 303;
guns to repel attack by, 303-4;
internal combustion engines, 304

Torpedo gunboats, 305

Torpedo nets, 303

Torpedo tubes, 177, 249

Trials of H.M.S. _Devastation_ (1873), 167

Triple canoes, 29

Tryon, Admiral Sir George, 245

“Tumble-home,” 42

Turret gunboats, 193

Turret rams, 177

Turrets:
Double-turreted ocean-going full-rigged ship, 159;
Captain Coles’s system, 146;
revolving, 146;
disposition of, 146-60;
_v._ broadside system, 151;
double-turreted monitor, 151;
_Monarch_ and _Captain_, 161;
_en echelon_, 244;
oval, 277;
pear-shaped, 174;
Popoff’s, 180;
leaky American, 131;
Russian ships, 179;
turrets on spindles, 131, 163;
Captain Coles’s revolving rollers, 163;
superposed turrets, 225;
American twin turret, 225

Twentieth century ships, 285

Twin-screw steamer (1805), 81

Twin screws (_see_ Propellers)

Two-deckers, etc. (_see_ Ratings)

Ulysses’ ships, 1

Unarmoured ends (_see_ Armour, Concentration of)

United States’ modern navy, 219;
“Antiquated and rotting ships,” 219;
America unprepared for naval war, 219-20;
Navy in 1879, 220;
advisory board, 1881, 222;
steel adopted, 222;
ram _Katahdin_, 222;
Congress recommendations, 222;
first vessels of new navy, 223;
Europe’s amused interest, 223;
16-knot vessels, Europe’s profound interest, 223;
the White Squadron, 223;
_Charleston’s_ chase of filibusterer _Itata_, 224;
second-class battleship _Texas_, 224;
_Maine_, 224;
dynamite gunship, 224;
first armoured steel torpedo boat, 224;
first modern United States built cruiser, 224;
imported armour, 225;
superimposed turrets, 225;
_Maine_ blown up, 226;
_Oregon’s_ wonderful steaming feat, 226;
inventiveness, 225
(_see also_ Spanish-American War)

Upper-deck battery, 173

Vickers, Sons and Maxim, Ltd., 259, 281

Vikings, 16

Waling pieces, 10

War junks with paddle wheels, 35

Warendorff, Baron, Sweden, 265

Warships built in private yards, 61, 62

Warships of the Crimea and Baltic, 105, 106, 115

Watertight compartments, 121

West Indiamen, 77

When to shoot, 73

White (Cowes), 309

Whitehead torpedoes, 213

Whitworth, Sir Joseph, 267, 276

Windward position (first manœuvre for), 19

Winslow, Capt., 141

Wooden walls’ last battles, 64, 139

Wooden warships converted into ironclads, 146, 147

Will war be impossible?, 268

William the Conqueror’s ships, 18

Yarrow, 303, 306

Yellow, metal, 268

Zalinski, Lieut., U.S.N., 224

Zédé, Gustave, 300

PRINTED BY CASSELL & COMPANY, LIMITED, LA BELLE SAUVAGE, LONDON, E.C.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Evelyn’s Memoirs.

[2] Bohn’s Library.

[3] “Life in Ancient Egypt,” by Adolf Erman.

[4] “A History of Egypt under the Pharaohs,” by Dr. H. Brugsch Bey.

[5] “Nile Gleanings,” by Villiers Stuart.

[6] “Life in Ancient Egypt,” by Adolf Erman.

[7] Paper on the Viking ships, by Mr. N. Nicolaysen, President of the
Christiania Antiquarian Society.

[8] “The New Zealanders,” by George French Angas.

[9] “Maori Art,” by A. Hamilton.

[10] “Eastern Pacific Lands,” by F. W. Christian.

[11] “Canoes of the Solomon Islands,” by C. M. Woodford, F.R.G.S.

[12] “Borneo and the Indian Archipelago,” by F. S. Marryat.

[13] “Borneo and the Indian Archipelago,” by F. S. Marryat.

[14] The model is in the United Services Museum.

[15] Fincham’s “Naval Architecture.”

[16] John Rous (died 1491) MS. in the Cottonian Library.

[17] Derrick’s “Rise and Progress of the Royal Navy.”

[18] Grafton’s description in Sir W. L. Clowes’ “History of the Royal
Navy.”

[19] Harrison’s “Description of Britain,” printed in 1577, and quoted
by Hume.

[20] Mosque.

[21] “Queen Elizabeth and the Levant Company,” by Rev. H. G. Rosedale,
M.A., from Hakluyt Papers. 1904.

[22] Sir W. L. Clowes’ “History of the Royal Navy.”

[23] “Encyclopædia Britannica,” 9th Edit.

[24] The diameter of this and other guns referred to in this section is
that of the bore.

[25] Chesney’s “Observations on Firearms.”

[26] “Asiatic Register of the Progress of Shipbuilding in the
Territories of the East India Company.”

[27] Appleton’s “Cyclopedia of American Biography.”

[28] “The Progress of the City of New York during the last Fifty
Years,” lecture by Charles King, President of Columbia College.

[29] H.P. is used here and subsequently to indicate horse-power.

[30] “The Marine Steam Engine,” by Sennett and Oram.

[31] Appleton’s “Cyclopedia of American Biography.”

[32] _Illustrated London News_, 1843.

[33] “Naval Development of the Century,” by Sir N. Barnaby; and “Two
Centuries of Shipbuilding.”

[34] _The Artizan_, Sept., 1855.

[35] “The Encyclopædia Britannica.”

[36] “Thames Ironworks’ Historical Catalogue,” 1905.

[37] _Times_, July 22, 1887.

[38] Appleton’s “Cyclopedia of American Biography.”

[39] _Engineering_, March 26, 1897.

[40] “Service Afloat,” by Raphael Semmes.

[41] “The Royal Navy,” by Sir W. Laird Clowes.

[42] _The Times_, 1869.

[43] King’s “The Warships of Europe.”

[44] _Daily Telegraph_, July 16, 1866.

[45] _The Engineer._

[46] “Ironclads in Action,” by H. H. Wilson.

[47] Valparaiso letter to _New York World_.

[48] _Daily News._

[49] “The New American Navy,” by Ex-Secretary of the Navy, John D. Long.

[50] From “The New American Navy,” and “The United States Naval
Academy,” by Park Benjamin.

[51] “The New American Navy,” by John D. Long.

[52] Report by Lieut.-Commander Simms, U.S.N.

[53] _The Times_, December 24, 1864.

[54] _Engineering_, April 28, 1911.

[55] Paper by M. Canet, Junior Institution of Engineers, 1907.

[56] _The Times._

[57] _Engineering._

[58] _Illustrated London News_, June, 1903.

[59] “Two Centuries of Shipbuilding.”

[60] _Engineering_, April 28, 1911.9

Transcriber's Notes:

Italics are shown thus: _sloping_.

Variations in spelling and hyphenation are retained.

Perceived typographical errors have been changed.

In the illustration THE TRIAL OF SCREW v PADDLE, the sloop Alert
has been corrected to the sloop Alecto.

Pages 337/338 in the index were printed out of order,
this has been rectified.

Two-deckers, etc. (_see_ Ratings), replaced correctly
in the index.