Chapter LII: Summing Up (2)

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IRRIGATION--
IRRIGATION--MEANS AND ENDS, chap. xii. 74;
need of water for crops not often kept in view, 74;
the authors observations in Lombardy (Italy), 74-5;
the Atlantic Slope and Irrigation, 76;
author's experience in irrigation, 76-7;
results, 76;
irrigation of New England farms, 78;
advantages that would result therefrom, 78.
POSSIBILITIES OF IRRIGATION, chap. xiii, 79;
natural facilities for irrigation
general, 79;
artesian wells on the prairies, 79;
wells in California, 80;
water as a fertilizer, 80;
crops in Virginia suffering from want of irrigation, 80-1;
counsel to farmers on irrigation, 81-2;
great profits to be realized by irrigation, 82-3;
need of irrigation in the Eastern and Middle States considered, 83;
the prairie States after 1900, 83;
common objections to irrigation, 84;
it must become general, 247;
wells will be sunk for the purpose, 247;
a steam locomotive for the purpose referred to, 247;
irrigation will become general, 247;
WESTERN IRRIGATION, chap. xliv, 260;
irrigation is practicable everywhere, 260;
the portion of our country which cannot be cultivated without
irrigation, 260;
its extent, 260;
its climate, 260;
it is spoken of as desert, 261;
the readiest means of irrigating the plains, 261;
their extent, 261;
the North and South Platte rivers, 261;
Union Colony, 262;
its location, 262;
location of Greeley, 262;
the first irrigating canal of Union Colony, 262;
branches and ditches therefrom, 262-3;
how the water is deflected to it, 263;
the larger and longer canal, 263;
doubts at first entertained respecting the capacities of the soil,
264;
proved baseless, 264;
products of the soil, 264;
the cost of irrigation is not in excess of cultivating without it,
264;
demonstration thereof, 265;
it would pay to expend $10 per acre for irrigating New England
grass lands, 266;
MORE OF IRRIGATION, chap. xlvi, 274;
irrigation of places bordered by streams referred to, 274;
the facilities the Platte offers for irrigation, 274-5;
results that may be attained, 275;
the Plains, 275;
obstacles to their cultivation, 275-6;
the change that will be yet effected, 276;
how the plains will be irrigated, 276-7;
artesian wells, 277-8;
the co-operation of railroad companies anticipated, 278;
rain increases as settlements are multiplied, 278;
the permanent character of the Plains, 279;
tracts needing irrigation in the East, 279;
summing up of the author's views on, 315-6-7.

IRON, 242.

ITALY (Northern), 171.

KANSAS, 25, 26, 167, 249, 261, 264, 289.

KANSAS PACIFIC, the railroad, 262.

KENNEBEC, the valley of the, 165;
the river, 279.

KENTUCKY, 50.

KIT CARSON, the, 277.

LABORERS, Farm--Dearth of employment for, in winter, a great and
growing evil, 303.

LAKES, the Northern, 165.

LANCASTER COUNTY, Penn., 110.

LANCASHIRE (England), 76.

LAND. _See_ FARMING.

LANDS, public, 46.

LARD, 164.

LIEBIG'S agricultural chemistry, 199.

LIME, 104;
as a fertilizer, _see_ FERTILIZERS, COMMERCIAL;
_also_, 104, 110, 111, 120;
oyster shell, 121, 122, 128;
use in preparing for an orchard, 142, 143, 147, 167, 174, 192, 211,
232-3, 235, 306, 317, 318.

LOCUST, the, tree, 53, 54, 55, 60, 134, 215, 223, 314.

LOMBARDY, 74, 75, 76.

LONDON, 269.

LONDONDERRY (Ireland), 171;
New Hampshire, 171.

LONG ISLAND, N. Y., 166, 251, 315;
Sound, 172.

LONG'S PEAK, 262.

LORING, Dr. George B. (of Mass.), 193.

LUMBERING--How rocks in creeks are removed by a lumberman, 217.

MACHINES, agricultural, 225.

MAGGIORE, Lake, 75.

MAGNESIA, 235.

MAIDSTONE (England), 89.

MAINE, 125, 171, 232.

MANGANESE, 111.

MANGOLDS, 271.

MANUFACTURES, 164, 243.

MANURE, 95.

MAPLE, 287.

MAPES, Professor, 16, 85, 114, 128.

MARL, 109, 120, 122, 142, 167.
_See also_ FERTILIZERS, COMMERCIAL.

MARTINEAU, Miss., 187.

MARYLAND, 166, 251;
Eastern, 315.

MASSACHUSETTS, 171, 193.

McCORMICK, C., 86.

MEATS, 150, 164, 167, 200, 201;
meat will be ultimately conveyed in refrigerating cars, 220, 266.

MECHANICS, 243.

MELON, 226.

MEXICO, 172.

MICHIGAN, State of, 163;
Lake, 156.

MIDDLE STATES, 139.

MILK, 115, 167, 171.

MILLS, 249, 250.

MINNEHAHA, the, 285.

MINNESOTA, 25, 26, 36, 37, 163, 164, 168, 206, 249, 289.

MISSOURI, valley of the, 20;
State of, 168;
the river, 260, 261, 279.

MISSISSIPPI, valley of the upper, 20, 38;
valley of the, 45, 69, 163;
the river, 163.

MOLE PLOW, the, 72.

MONMOUTH, N. J., 166.

MORMONS, tree planting by, 46.

MORTGAGE, buying land on, 31.

MIDDLE STATES, pasturing in, 19, 25, 69, 142, 179, 204, 215.

MUCK, 95, 109, 116, 120;
use in preparing for an orchard, 142.
MUCK--HOW TO UTILIZE IT, chap. xxi, 124;
chemists will yet be able to determine the value of all kinds, 124;
use of muck profitable, 124;
the author's trial of it, 124;
how swamp muck forms, 124-5;
its vast extent, 125;
little benefit derived from applying it _directly_, 125;
the true course to adopt to secure good returns, 126-7;
practical evidence of its value, 127;
the course to be adopted by farmers having few animals, 127-8;
mixing salt with lime, 128, 147, 167;
diversity of opinion about, 233;
as an illustration of the need for more scientific knowledge,
233-4;
as an illustration of winter work, 304;
it is abundant and accessible, 304;
proof thereof, 305-6;
value of muck, 305;
where to procure, 318.

MUTTON. _See_ SHEEP;
_also_, 200, 220.

NAPOLEON I, 33, 292.

NEVADA, 46, 76, 83, 260.

NEWBURG, N. Y., a fruit farm above, on the Hudson, 16.

NEWCASTLE (township), Westchester Co., N. Y., 62, 147.

NEW ENGLAND, 25, 34, 36, 39, 45, 50, 69, 78, 79, 139, 152, 163, 164,
165, 171, 190, 206, 214, 266, 279, 286, 287, 289, 290, 291, 303.

NEW HAMPSHIRE, 87, 140, 172, 237.

NEW JERSEY, 49, 85, 109, 165;
Southern, 166, 167, 168, 169, 190, 251, 305, 315.

NEW RIVER, Va., 86.

NEW YORK (city), 13, 60, 87, 129, 269.

NEW YORK STATE, 37, 49;
cheese dairymen of, 36, 47, 62, 68, 79, 102, 131, 140, 164;
Western, 163;
Eastern, 164, 165, 190, 286, 290.

NIAGARA, the falls of, 285.

NINEVEH, 266.

NITRATES. _See_ FERTILIZERS.

NITRATE OF SODA, 122.

NORTHERN STATES, 48, 139, 140, 192, 297.

OATS, 67, 92, 94, 113, 118, 121, 143, 189, 191, 210, 238, 245, 264,
265.

OHIO, State of, 37, 163, 220;
valley of the river, 38;
the river, 53, 159.

OLD STATES, the, 73, 249, 306.

ONIONS, 191.

ONTARIO, Lake, 156.

PACIFIC STATES, 178.

PACIFIC, the coast, 156;
valley, a broad, 101.

PACKER, Gov. William F., of Penn., 130.

PARIS, 103.

PASTURES--Pasturing will soon disappear in the Eastern and Middle
States, 19;
its pernicious effects, 19;
soiling is preferable to pasturing, 20;
a pasture should be the first field selected on a new farm, 40;
where it should be placed, 41;
misconceptions respecting indiscriminate pasturing, 41;
treatment of a pasture, 42-3;
should have a shed, 43;
appearance of pastures where there is bad farming, 152;
summing up of the author's views on pasturing, 313-4.
_See also_ HAY.

PEACH-TREES. _See_ FRUITS,
_also_ 129, 140, 161.

PEARS. _See_ FRUITS,
_also_ 129, 139, 156, 204.

PEAS, 89, 90, 271, 296.

PENNSYLVANIA, 23;
Eastern, 165, 172, 288.

PEMIGEWASSET, the river, 75.

PHILADELPHIA, 156, 159.

PHOSPHATES. _See_ COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS,
_also_ 119, 121, 122, 192.

PHOSPHORUS, 118, 119, 235.

PIPPINS, 53.

PITCH-PINE, 314.

PILGRIMS, the descendants of the, 289.

PINE, 58, 223.

PINE BARRENS, 166.

PLAGUE, the, 268.

PLAINS, the, 46, 101, 261;
irrigation of, 275-9, 316.

PLASTER (Gypsum). _See_ COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS,
_also_ 80, 173, 211, 232, 233.

PLATTE, the river, 82, 260, 261, 262;
valley of the, 274.

PLOWS, steel, 87.

PLOWING:
PLOWING, DEEP OR SHALLOW, chap. xiv, 87;
the Deep Plowing of _all_ lands, not advocated, 85;
reasons therefor, 85;
instances where Deep Plowing was unadvisable, 85-6;
the primitive plow, 86;
plowing in New Hampshire in the author's boyhood, 87;
will Deep Plowing pay? 87;
author's experience of the plowing of a plat in New York city,
87-8;
plows deeply with profit, 88-9;
an English farmer's trial of Deep Plowing, 89-90;
the imperative reasons for Deep Plowing, 90.
PLOWING--GOOD AND BAD, chap. xv, 91;
misconceptions regarding Deep Plowing, 91;
the right conditions for Deep Plowing, 91;
case of a farmer of the old school cited, 91-2;
how Deep Plowing will prove profitable to him, 92-3;
how he should proceed, 92-3;
subsoiling hill-sides, 94;
author's own experience, 94;
the revolution that steam-plowing will cause, 95;
plowing of Grass land considered, 95;
treatment of Grass land that has been plowed, 95;
plowing of a poor man's rugged sterile farm, 97-9;
Fall-plowing, 99-100;
fences impede plowing, 100;
favored lot of the squatter on the prairie in regard to plowing,
101;
the plows of sixty years ago, 237;
the plows used in the greater part of Europe, 238;
improvement in plowing inevitable, 241;
the improved system would be adopted in the West, 241;
steam plows and their inventors, 243;
at work in Great Britain, 243-4;
the locomotive that is needed for steam-plowing, 244;
losses from want of such, 244-5;
necessity for greater rapidity in plowing demonstrated, 246;
advice of a German observer on plowing for Corn, 246-7;
author's experience of the cost and delay of plowing, 281-2;
not half so much or so thorough plowing done as there should be,
282;
the imperfect means of plowing, 282;
steam-plowing in England, 283-4-5;
application of the facts to this country, 284.
_See also_ STEAM.

PLUM-TREES. _See_ FRUITS, _also_ 129, 139, 294.

PO, the river, 74-5.

PORK, 37, 99, 143, 186, 191, 220, 238, 291.

POTASH. _See_ FERTILIZERS, COMMERCIAL, also 109.

POTATOES, 88, 99.
ESCULENT ROOTS--POTATOES, chap. xxix, 170;
their productiveness, 170;
cultivated universally in Europe, 170;
they alone form part of the every-day food of prince and peasant,
170;
the poor of New England depended on them when the grain crop was
cut short, 171;
formed part of the regular supper in farmers' homes, 171;
the history of the Potato, 171;
it is essentially a mountainous plant, 172;
it may have grown wild on the sides of the great chain traversing
Spanish America, 172;
everything there congenial to it, 172;
results attained by the author in growing potatoes, 172;
conditions which insure a good crop, 172-3;
swamp muck treated as described, makes an excellent fertilizer
for, 173;
how to act where such is not to be had, 173-4;
instructions to a farmer having a poor, worn-out field of sandy
loam, 174;
objections thereto considered, 174-5;
the potato blights, 175-6;
the kind of seed to plant, 176;
drills are preferable, in the author's judgment, 176-7;
preparation of the soil, 177;
varieties considered, 177;
growing from tubers tends to degeneracy, 177;
the originator of a valuable new potato entitled to a recompense,
177;
also, 189, 264, 296.

POTOMAC river, the, 53, 73, 140, 159;
valley of the, 317.

PORTUGAL, 237.

POWER--UNDEVELOPED SOURCES OF POWER, chap. xlvii, 280;
the farmer's sources and command of power less than the
manufacturer's, 280;
both have the same opportunities, 280;
author's experience of the delay and cost of plowing, 281-2;
further illustrations of the imperfect means of plowing, 282;
steam plowing in England, 282-3-4;
steam not commended as a source of power to the farmer, 284;
reasons therefor, 284;
wind as a source of power, 284-5;
the further anticipated sources, 285;
the triumphs of the future, 285.

PRAIRIE, 24;
prairies, the, of the West, 213;
the, 261.

PRAIRIE STATES, 46, 83.

PRUNING, 146.

PUBLIC LANDS, 24, 46.

PURSLEY, 125.

QUINCES. _See_ FRUITS.

RAG-WEED, 125.

RAILROADS, their influence on the progress of the West, 26, 105;
suggestions to have one act as factor of farm products, 301-2.

RALEIGH, Sir Walter, 171.

"RANCHING," 292.

RASPBERRIES, 90.

REAPERS, American, 245.

RED CEDAR, 58, 157, 223.

RED OAK, 19, 53, 60.

REPUBLICAN, valleys of the, 274.

ROADS, 250.

ROBINSON, SOLON, on fencing, 219.

ROCK. _See_ STONE.

ROCKY MOUNTAINS, 206, 261, 262, 274.

ROMFORD, England, 269-70.

ROOTS, culture of, 35, 43;
all seek heat and moisture, 98, 126, 168, 206, 228, 242, 265;
FERTILIZERS, COMMERCIAL;
also 109, 114, 122, 127, 128, 143, 147, 174.

SALT LAKE, 46.

SALT LAKE CITY, 112.

SAVOYS, 271.

SCHOOLS, 249, 250.

SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE, 32;
SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE, chap. xxxix, 231;
author disclaims being a scientific farmer, 231;
men have raised good crops, who knew nothing of science, 231;
science is the true base of efficient cultivation, 231;
the elements of every plant, 231;
necessity for scientific knowledge, 232;
author's personal experience, 232;
the assertion of a Maine essayist, as an illustration of the need
of scientific information, 233;
the diversity of opinion as to the value of swamp muck as a further
illustration, 233-4;
analysis of soils considered, 234;
the necessity for some standard to go by in manuring land, 234;
illustration thereof, 234-5;
science explains the impoverishment of soils, 235;
author's testimony on the value of science, from personal
experience, 236;
a competence is reserved for young men fully conversant with
agriculture, 236.

SCOTCH-IRISH, the, 171.

SCOTLAND, 178, 269.

SCRUB OAK, 314.

SCYTHES, 239.

SEASONS, Dry. _See_ DROUTH.

SEWAGE--SEWAGE, chap. xlv, 266;
causes which doomed ancient empires to decay, 266;
illustrations thereof, 266-7;
the soil must receive back the elements taken from it, 267;
obstacles thereto, 267;
location of ancient and modern cities, 267;
imperative necessity for cleansing treat cities, 267-8;
meaning given to sewage in England, 268;
conditions necessary for its equable diffusion over the soil, 268;
application of sewage, 268;
difficulties of utilizing it, 268-9;
the progress made, 269;
the measures taken to utilize sewage at Romford, England, 269;
farm whereon it was used, and the results attained, 269-70-1-2-3;
conclusion therefrom, 273-4.

SHEEP--SHEEP AND WOOL GROWING, chap. xxxiv, 200;
production of wool in the United States insufficient, 200;
they might profitably grow as much as they consume, 201;
reasons therefore, 201;
the increased price of mutton will make up for the reduction on
wool, 201;
sheep-growing in England as an illustration, 201;
sheep soon make a return for the outlay on them, 202;
they successfully contend with bushes and briars, 203;
more mutton should be consumed, 202-3;
all farmers are not counseled to grow sheep, 203;
depredations of dogs, 203-4;
precautions against them, 204;
the change in the relative values of mutton and wool, 204;
the relative prices and product the farmer must expect in the
future, 205;
growing sheep for mutton near New York, 205;
profit thereof, 205;
sheep-growing is no experiment, 205;
encouragement thereto, 205-6;
sheep growing in Colorado and other Territories, and its future, 206.

SICILY, 267.

SICKLE, 239.

SILICA, 235.

SMITH, WILLIAM (Woolston, Eng.), 283.

SOCIETY, Agricultural, an, 228.
_See_ FARMERS' CLUBS.

SODA, 235.

SOILS, analysis of, 234.

SORGHUM, stalks of, 43.

SORREL, 125, 232.

SOUTH, 25;
inviting immigration, 26;
the inducements she offers, 26-7-8, 178, 311.

SOUTH AMERICA, 200, 206.

SPAIN, 86, 237.

SPANISH AMERICA, 172.

SPRING, 67, 70, 73, 75, 76, 78, 81, 87, 88, 99, 111, 126, 127, 134,
135, 136, 137, 140, 141, 150, 168, 171, 173, 174, 193, 194, 202,
258, 303, 319.

SPRUCE, 223.

SQUASH, 226, 264.

STARK COUNTY, Ohio, 110.

STEAM IN AGRICULTURE, cultivation by, 37;
application of steam to plowing, 95.
STEAM IN AGRICULTURE, chap. xli, 241;
farmers have been slow in utilizing the natural forces around
them, 241;
evidence thereof, 242;
steam as a source of power is hardly a century old, 242;
the revolution it has effected, 242;
it will effect still greater, 243;
steam has contributed very little to preparing the soil, 243;
disappointments of inventors of steam plows, 243;
steam plowing in Louisiana, 243;
steam plows in Great Britain, 243-4;
the locomotive that is needed for steam plowing, 244;
the saving it would effect, 244-5;
American reapers in England, their value appreciated, 245;
need for a machine to plow rapidly demonstrated, 246;
recommendation of a German observer regarding plowing, 246;
irrigation will become general, 247;
the locomotive referred to above could be used for sinking wells,
247;
steam plowing in England, 283-4-5.

STEAM PLOWS. _See_ STEAM.

STEEL, 242.

STEUBEN COUNTY, N. Y., 105.

STONE--STONE ON A FARM, chap. xxxvi, 213;
formation of the earth, 212;
diffusion of stones over the surface, 213;
these are sometimes a facility, but oftener an impediment to
efficient agriculture, 213;
no rock on the surface of the great prairies of the West, and a
portion of the valleys and plains of the Atlantic slope, 213;
advantages and disadvantages thereof to the pioneer, 214;
less use for stone now than formerly, 214;
the stone on Eastern farms to be yet utilized, 214-5;
very stony land should be planted with trees, 215;
rough, unshapen stones will be more and more used for building,
215-6;
instructions for building a barn partly with stone concrete, 216;
its advantages, 216;
blasting out stone considered, 216-7;
the mode a lumberman employs to remove rocks in creeks, 217;
the author's experience regarding the fencing of his farm, 218;
his stone walls, 218.

STONES, 249.

STRAWBERRIES, 16, 90.

SUGAR, production of, from the beet, 180;
maple, 19, 314.

SULPHUR, 104.

SUMMER, 47, 59, 64, 67, 78, 83, 84, 86, 88, 99, 103, 124, 126, 130,
154, 173, 178, 189, 190, 191, 202, 260, 264, 279, 288.

SUPER-PHOSPHATE, 174.

SUSQUEHANNA, the, 279, 292;
the valley of the, 317.

SWAMP LAND: about 50,000,000 acres of, in the old States (including
Maine), 125;
_See_ DRAINING.

SWINE, 143.

SWITZERLAND, 139;
Northern, 171.

SYCAMORE, 59.

TAMARACK, 223.

TERRITORIES, the, 206, 249.

TEXAS, 43, 205, 206;
(Western), 260.

TEXTILE FABRICS, 242.

THEBES, 266.

THISTLES, 42.

THREAD, 200.

TILLAGE: THOROUGH TILLAGE, chap. xvi, 96;
rocky character of the author's own fields, 96;
clearing off stones profitable, 96;
cultivating wet lands without draining unprofitable, 97;
the course a poor man with a rugged, sterile farm should adopt, 97;
should reclaim one field each year, 97;
should plow often, deeply and thoroughly, 98-9;
reasons therefor, 99;
Fall plowing, 99;
enriches the soil, 99-100;
fences, 100;
the favored lot of the squatter on the prairie, 101.
_See_ also, PLOWING--DRAINING--FARMING.

THE TIMES (London),282

TIMBER. _See_ TREES.

TIMOTHY GRASS, 38, 153.

TOBACCO, 191.

TOMATOES, 264, 296.

TRIBUNE, the, New York, 188.

TURKEY, 86.

TURNIPS. _See_ ROOTS, also 178, 264, 300.

TREES: clearing off timber, 30;
New England must always be well wooded, 34, 37;
TREES--WOODLANDS--FORESTS, chap. vii;
the author not sentimental regarding the destruction of, 44;
utility the reason
and end of vegetable growth, 44;
profit the main consideration, 44;
the beauty and grace of trees, 44;
New England a favored section in regard to tree-growing, 45;
disadvantage of prairie land in that respect, 45;
trees once grew on "the Plains," 46;
tree-planting in Utah, and its climatic influence, 46;
failure of congress to pass a bill encouraging tree planting, 46;
mistake of the New York dairy farmers in destroying trees, 47;
Spain, Italy, and portions of France suffering from the destruction
of their forests, 47;
other illustrations of improvidence, 48.
GROWING TIMBER--TREE-PLANTING, chap. viii, 50;
proportion of a farm that should be devoted to trees, 49;
the question of "too much land" and tree-growing, 51-2;
its general application, 52;
timber should be culled out rather than cut off, 52;
the care of apple trees applicable to all trees, 52;
some woodlands, the cheapest property in the United States, 53;
another profitable field of labor, 54;
plant thickly, 54;
a common objection answered, 54;
the Far West and tree-planting, 55.
PLANTING AND GROWING TREES, chap. ix, 56;
timber general on most farms, 56;
suggestions for locating trees, 56;
trees once planted cost nothing for cultivation, 56;
the soil is richer even after repeated crops of wood, 57;
poor land improved by growing timber on it, 57;
springs and streams will be rendered more equable and enduring by
tree-growing, 57;
trees should be set on all hill-sides and ravines, 57;
trees accumulate manure, 58;
they can be placed so as to modify agreeably the temperature of a
farm, 58;
author's experience, 58;
trees on the crest of a hill improve the crops on the slope, 59;
trees may be placed with advantage on banks of rivers, &c., 59;
a good tree grows as thriftily as a poor one, 59;
evidence thereof, 60;
diversity profitable, 60;
wood-lot should be thinned out, not cleared, 60;
the future should be considered when cutting, 60;
evidence thereof, 60;
a plantation furnishes employment at all seasons, 61;
tree-growing will make springs appear, and cause rain, 61, 97.
ABOUT TREE-PLANTING, chap. xxiii, 134;
author's experience in raising Locust plants, 134;
general counsel on the raising of locust and most other trees, 135;
sowing seed and raising plants therefrom, 135;
the raising of Chestnut, Hickory, White Oak, 135-6;
how a farmer, having a rugged, stony hill should act, 136;
profits which can be realized, 137;
the utility of forests, 137-8;
tree-planting as a field for adventurous young men, 138;
how they should proceed, 138;
the great profits to be realized, 138;
drouths may be expected as the country is more and more denuded of
its forests, 100;
how stony land may be advantageously used for tree-planting, 215;
treatment of forests in winter, 307;
summing up of author's views on, 314.

TREE-FRUITS. _See_ APPLES AND FRUITS.

TREE-PLANTING. _See_ TREES.

UNION COLONY--Its location, 262;
the city of Greeley its nucleus, 262;
irrigating canals of Union Colony, 262-4;
doubts of the fertility of the soil of its location, 264;
proved groundless, 264.

UNITED STATES, 27, 53;
the annual hay crop of, 150, 151, 315.

UTAH, 46, 76, 181.

VEGETABLES, culture of, 35, 37, 90, 107, 168, 228, 264, 265, 266;
the growing of market, as a source of profit, 296.

VENICE, 74.

VERMONT--A grazing farm in Northern Vermont, 15, 25, 36, 48, 110, 159,
172.

VINES. _See_ FRUIT.

VIRGINIA, 50, 80, 86, 140, 166, 191, 237.

WALNUT, 54, 60, 135, 136.

WARREN COUNTY, N. Y., 191, 192.

WARING, on drainage, 72;
elements of agriculture by, 199;
on drainage, 315.

WATER, 231-2.
_See also_ IRRIGATION.

WATER MELONS, 300

WEBER, the river, 81.

WEEDS, in pastures, 43.

WEST, the, a farmer who migrated to, 16;
illustration of good farming drawn from, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, 36, 37,
41;
regards tree growing, 45, 55, 142;
the granary of the East, 163, 165, 168, 169, 179;
the Far, 205;
the Great, 241, 291, 311.

WESTCHESTER COUNTY, N. Y., 49, 52, 62, 67, 118, 119, 125.

WESTERN IRRIGATION. _See_ IRRIGATION.

WHEAT, 21, 22, 37, 92, 94, 112, 113, 121, 131, 162, 167, 169, 238,
242, 245, 264, 265.
_See_ also CORN.

WHITE ASH, 291.

WHITE BIRCH, 314.

WHITE DAISY, 42.

WHITE MAPLE, 53.

WHITE MOUNTAINS, N. H., 172.

WHITE OAK, 54, 55, 135, 215, 291, 314.

WHITE PINE, 30, 48, 53, 54, 55, 215, 287, 314.

WHITNEY, Eli, 86.

WILLOW, 59.

WINDMILL, 276-7.

WINDS--Utilizing the Winds for power, 284.

WINTER, 47, 59, 73, 81, 89, 113, 126, 135, 140, 141, 150, 154, 156,
157, 171, 178, 179, 193, 206, 209, 222, 258, 262, 263, 288, 298.

WINTER. _See_ WORK, WINTER.

WISCONSIN, 25, 159;
Eastern, 163.

WOOD ASHES, 120, 147, 173.

WOOL, 164. _See_ SHEEP.

WOOL GROWING. _See_ SHEEP.

WORK, WINTER--WINTER WORK, chap. li. 303;
dearth of winter work a great and growing evil. 303;
consequences thereof, 303;
it is quite a modern evil, 303-4;
the hard-working farmer's claim to leisure, 304;
he errs in supposing that there is no winter work to be done, 304;
the drawing and preparing of muck as an illustration, 304-5-6;
the work to be substituted where muck is not to be had, 306;
procuring commercial fertilizers, 306;
fences, 306;
fruit trees, 306;
forests, 307;
general counsel, 307.

WYOMING, 206.

ZONE, temperate, 46;
torrid, 46.

THE END.

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What I know of farmingChapter LII: Summing Up (2)

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