Chapter I: Front Matter

WONDERS

OF THE

YELLOWSTONE

EDITED BY

JAMES RICHARDSON.

_New Edition, with new Map and Illustrations._

NEW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
1886

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by

SCRIBNER, ARMSTRONG & CO.,

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington

_CONTENTS._

PAGE
CHAPTER I.

The Crown of the Continent--Yellowstone Lake--Ancient
Volcanic Action--Modern Thermal Phenomena 1

CHAPTER II.

Early Explorations--Lewis and Clarke's Expeditions--Trappers'
Yarns--Colonel Raynold's Expedition--The Washburn
Expedition--Colonel Barlow's Expedition--Dr.
Hayden's Geological Survey 5

CHAPTER III.

Route from Fort Ellis to Bottlers' Ranch--Fort Ellis--Prospect
from the Divide--Snowy Mountain--Trail Creek--Pyramid
Mountain--The Bottler Brothers--Yellowstone Valley 15

CHAPTER IV.

Bottlers' Ranch to Gardiner's River--River Valley--Second
Cañon--Cinnabar Mountain--The Devil's Slide--Western
Nomenclature--Precious Stones 21

CHAPTER V.

Hot Springs of Gardiner's River--Third Cañon--Rapids--Valley
of Gardiner's River--Thermal Springs--White
Mountain--Hot Springs--Natural Bathing-pools--Diana's
Bath--Liberty Cap--Bee-hive--Extinct Geysers--Beautiful
Water--Vegetation in Hot Springs--Antiquity
of Springs--Classification of Thermal Springs 27

CHAPTER VI.

Gardiner's River to Grand Cañon of the Yellowstone--Forks
of Gardiner's River--Gallatin Mountains--Basaltic
Columns--Falls of Gardiner's River--Mountain
Prospect--Over the Divide--Agatized Wood--Delightful
Climate--Mountain Verdure--Volcanic Ridges--Ravines--Third
Cañon of the Yellowstone--Hell-roaring River--Hell-roaring
Mountain--East Fork of the Yellowstone--Ancient
Springs and Calcareous Deposits--First Bridge
over the Yellowstone--Rock Cutting--Tower-creek Cañon--Column
Rock--The Devil's Den--Tower Falls--The
Devil's Hoof--Mineral Springs--Mouth of Grand Cañon 43

CHAPTER VII.

Over Mount Washburn to Falls of the Yellowstone--Ascent
of Mount Washburn--Extensive View--Steam Puffs--Elephant's
Back--Grand Cañon--Yellowstone Basin--The
Three Tetons--First View of Yellowstone Lake--Madison
Mountains--Gallatin Range--Emigrant Peak--Geological
History of the Yellowstone Basin--Ancient
Volcanic Action--Descent of Mount Washburn--Hell-broth
Springs--The Devil's Caldron--Cascade Creek--The
Devil's Den--Crystal Cascade 61

CHAPTER VIII.

The Grand Cañon and the Falls of the Yellowstone--Description
of Grand Cañon--Descent into the Cañon--History
of Grand Cañon---Lower Falls--Upper Falls 78

CHAPTER IX.

From the Falls to the Lake--River above the Falls--Alum
Creek--Boiling Springs--Crater Hill--A Narrow Escape--The
Locomotive Jet--Sulphur Springs--Mud Puffs--No
Vegetation--Temperature of Springs--Muddy Geyser--Mud
Volcano--Mud-sulphur Springs--The Grotto--The
Giant's Caldron--Movements of Muddy Geyser 90

CHAPTER X.

Yellowstone Lake--Setting of the Lake--Shape of the Lake--Shores
of the Lake--Yellowstone Trout--Worms in
Trout--Waterfowl--The Guide-bird--Fauna of Yellowstone
Basin--Islands in the Lake--The First Explorers 105

CHAPTER XI.

Around the Yellowstone Lake--Hot Springs of Pelican
Creek--Hot Springs of Steam Point--Fire Slashes--Difficult
Travelling--Little Invulnerable--Poetry in the
Wilderness--Volcanic Peaks--Mounts Langford, Doane,
and Stephenson--Brimstone Basin--Alum Creek--Upper
Yellowstone--Wind River Mountains--Valley of Upper
Yellowstone--The Five Forks--Bridger's Lake--Yellowstone
Mountains--Heart Lake--Madison Lake--Mount
Sheridan--Flat Mountain--Bridger's "Two
Ocean River"--A Companion lost--Lakes and Springs--Hot
Springs on the West Shore--Bridge Creek--Dead
Springs--The Elephant's Back 114

CHAPTER XII.

Upper Geyser Basin--The Grand Geyser Region--Firehole
River--Madison Lake--Mountains about the Lake--Cascades--The
Geysers--Old Faithful--The Bee-hive--The
Giantess--Castle Geyser--Grand Geyser--The Saw-mill--The
Comet--The Grotto--The Pyramid--The Punch
Bowl--Black Sand Geyser--Riverside Geyser--The Fan--The
Sentinels--Iron Spring Creek--Soda Geyser 133

CHAPTER XIII.

Lower Geyser Basin--Down the Firehole--Prismatic Hot
Springs--The Cauldron--Old Spring Basins--The Conch
Spring--Horn Geyser--Bath Spring--The Cavern--Mud
Springs--Thud Geyser--Fountain Geyser--Mud Pot--Fissure
Spring--White Dome Geyser--Bee-hive--Petrifaction--Hot
Spring Vegetation--Cold Spring--General
View of the Basin--The Twin Buttes--Fall of the
Fairies--Rainbow Spring 162

CHAPTER XIV.

Natural History of Geysers and other Thermal Springs--Iceland
Geysers--History of _The Geyser_--The Strokr--Eruption
of _the_ Geyser--Growth of _the_ Geyser--Mechanism
of Geysers--Artificial Geysers--Life and Death of
Geysers--Laugs--New Zealand Hot Springs--_Te Tarata_--Hot
Springs of the Waikato--Origin of Mineral
Springs--Chemistry of Mineral Springs 180

CHAPTER XV.

Mr. Everts's Thirty-seven Days of Peril--Lost--Loss of
Horse--Midnight Dangers--Starvation--Return to Lake--No
Food in the Midst of Plenty--Bessie Lake--Thistle
Roots--Hunted by a Lion--Storms--First Fire--Vain
Efforts to find Food--Attempt to cross the Mountains--The
Lost Shoe--Forest on Fire--Hallucination--Turned
back--The Doctor--Physiological Transformations--Descending
the River--Loss of Lens--Discovery
and Rescue 199