Chapter III: Part III: The Birth of the New Nationalist Movement

Swadeshi and Swaraj 148

Men Who Have Inspired the Movement 152

Lord Curzon and Indian Education 156

Lord Curzon’s Secret Educational Conference 158

Indians and Lord Curzon at Cross Purposes 158

The Congress Deputation to England in 1905 159

The Congress of 1905 160

Object of the Passive Resistance Movement 162

IV. THE FIRST YEARS OF THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT 167

Partition of Bengal 167

Boycott of British Goods 167

Government’s Reply 170

The Second Move of the Bengalees: The National University 170

Arabinda Ghosh 172

The Nationalist Press 176

Military Measures against Boycotters 177

Lord Minto 179

Indian Press Gagged 180

Deportation of Lajpat Rai 181

Disaffection Driven Underground 183

Lord Hardinge Bombed 184

V. TYPES OF NATIONALISTS 187

The Extremists 187

A Few Nihilists 189

Religious Extremists 189

The Mother Worshippers 190

Vedantists 191

Advocates of Organised Rebellion 195

Har Dayal 195

Hardayalism: Advocation of Full Swaraj 199

Political Freedom the First Condition of Life 200

Arabinda Ghosh--Vedantist and Swarajist 205

Ganesh Vináyak Savarkar 210

The Terrorists 211

Advocates of Constructive Nationalisation 212

Independence, but not at Once 212

Preparing the Nation for Freedom 213

Preparatory Work from Below 214

Brahmo Samaj; Arya Samaj; Ramakrishna Mission 215

The Moderates 216

Gokhale 216

Congress Leaders 219

Passive Resisters 219

VI. INDIAN NATIONALISM AND THE WORLD-FORCES 221

Inspiration through European Nationalism 221

History of Modern Europe Tabooed in Universities 221

Italian-Turko War 222

Interpretation of India to Western World 223

Tagorism 223

VII. THE RELIGIOUS AND THE COMMUNAL ELEMENTS IN INDIAN NATIONALISM 225

Mohammedan Revulsion of Feeling against the British 226

Disaffection among the Sikhs 228

VIII. THE FUTURE 230

Change in Indian Life and Depth of Nationalism 230

Nationalism Fertilised by Blood of Martyrs 232

Wave of Indian Nationalism is on 233

Propitiation and Petty Concessions Futile 234

Internal Division no Valid Plea for Continuance of British Rule 235

Illiteracy the Fault of the British and no Bar to Self-government 237

Internal Troubles 238

Unfitness of Orientals for Representative Institutions 238

Nationalism Has Come to Stay 238

Curzons, Macdonnels, Sydenhams, Responsible for Bombs and Revolvers 240

A SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BOOKS IN ENGLISH 241

APPENDICES

Feudatory Chiefs Powerless 243

Gross Insults to Indians 243

Industrial Ruin of India; Gokhale 244

India a Mere Possession; Gokhale 244

Masses Starved; Sir C. A. Elliot, Sir W. W. Hunter, William Digby 244

Seventy Million Continually Hungry People in British India; William Digby 245

Total Area under Cultivation 245

Famines of Money; not Food; Lord George Hamilton 245

Causes of Famines 246

Drain; Montgomery Martin and Digby 246

Enormous Foreign Tribute; Rev. J. T. Sunderland 246

Government Assessment too High; Sir W. Hunter 246

The Ryot; Herbert Compton 246

Indian Plunder; Adam Brooks 247

Swami Abhedananda 247

Alfred Webb 247

“Narrow and Shortsighted Imperial Policy;” Sir A. R. Colquehoun 248

Taxation; Lord Salisbury 248

Plague, Deaths from 249

Death Rate 249

Indian Finance 249

Land Tax 249

Income Tax 250

Customs 250

Trade Figures for 1913 to 1914 251

Personnel of the Government 251

Figures About Education and Literacy 253

The Flogging of Political Prisoners 253

ILLUSTRATIONS

Dadabhai Naoroji _Frontispiece_

Ram Mohan Roy FACING PAGE 111

Swami Vivekananda “ “ 115

Bal Ganga Dhar Tilak “ “ 162

Arabinda Ghosh “ “ 172

Lajpat Rai “ “ 181

Har Dayal “ “ 195

G. K. Gokhale “ “ 216