Chapter XVIII: A Dreaded Visitor

Nobody but the kittens knew that Polly dreaded the coming of Eleanor’s twin. She told them all about it Saturday morning as they sat in her lap, cuddled up into a warm heap under the gray shawl that Arctura had wrapped about her.

Arctura’s tooth had not quite stopped its grumbling and she had firmly declined Polly’s aid in the kitchen that morning.

“I’ve got some bothersome cooking to do,” said Arctura, without the smile which might let in a draft of air on the convalescent jaw, “and I’d best be alone, for my nerves are sort of jumpy along with a pain I’ve been enduring in my head without speaking of it, for some days. The air’s mild enough for you to sit out on the piazza and watch for Miss Hetty and Bobby, if I wrap you up well. It’s getting ready to rain again to-morrow, and then I have hopes of some fair, warm weather when it clears off finally.”

Miss Pomeroy’s rheumatism was much less troublesome than it had been for some days, and Hiram had helped her into the low basket phaeton an hour before.

“I expect she’s ’most home now,” said Polly to the kittens, with a little shiver, “and she’s bringing that boy--that Bobby--home with her. He’s going to stay till Monday morning. You needn’t be frightened, Snip and Snap, for he’s a boy that just likes to read; he wouldn’t do the things to kitties that the Higgins boys do--things with strings and spools, till the teacher stopped them. And, anyway, you’ve got lots of places to hide, where nobody could get you. But I can’t hide. I’m obliged to be right out where he can see me, and tell whether I’m like his sister Eleanor that died, and maybe change Miss Pomeroy’s mind after all, and lose Grandma Manser her ear-trumpet, and the money for the leaks and shingles and everything!”

Polly buried her face in the old shawl for a minute, and then sat up straight with a little gasp.

“I hear the phaeton!” she whispered, squeezing the kittens in her excitement. “I hear it coming over the bridge--fast!”

Snip and Snap objected to squeezing. They struggled under the shawl and dashed out over Polly’s knees, clutching wildly at the fringe. They looked up at her cannily with arched backs, and then scurried off toward the barn.

As the phaeton came around the curve of the driveway, Polly stood up, clasping her hands under the old shawl. She heard Arctura bustling out of the kitchen to the porch, and moved slowly along to stand beside her. In a moment more she found herself solemnly shaking hands with a boy who had jumped into the phaeton and then politely helped Miss Pomeroy out.

“This is my nephew Bobby,” Miss Hetty was saying. “And this is little Mary Prentiss.”

“I am very pleased to make your acquaintance,” said Polly, lifting her brown eyes to meet a pair of very large blue ones which gazed at her through spectacles.

“How d’you do?” said the boy, pleasantly. “Haven’t you got about through with my hand?”

He laughed as he said it, and so did Polly, but when the hand-shaking stopped they stood looking at each other awkwardly until Arctura broke the ice.

“You two children step out to the dining-room, while Miss Hetty goes and rests after her ride,” said Arctura, cordially. “I’ve set a tray with two tumblers of milk and some crullers on the buffet, and you can stand up and eat on to it, so’s not to scatter the crumbs. I never saw the time a boy wasn’t ready to eat, and Mary here’s got a most excellent appetite of her own. Dinner won’t be ready for nearly two hours yet.”

“Thank you,” cried Bobby. “You’re a trump!”

“Seems to me you’ve thickened up a little since last time,” said Miss Green, cautiously guarding the entrance to the cavern wherein dwelt her wisdom tooth, as she acknowledged this commendation. “I suppose you’ll drop into the kitchen along in the afternoon while Miss Hetty and Mary are taking their naps? I don’t see my way clear to sitting down at dinner for a talk with you, for I’ve been having a little neuralgy and the air in the dining-room seems kind of chilly after the kitchen.”

“Do you take a nap every day?” asked Bobby, curiously, as he and Polly drank their milk and ate the crisp crullers. “I s’pose girls like to do that kind of thing, but I’d rather read all night than waste time sleeping in the daylight. I’ve never known any girl very well except my sister. I’m afraid of them, they’re so queer.”

“Oh, they’re not half so queer as boys, I’m sure!” asserted Polly, with much decision. “I guess if you knew the Higgins boys that I’ve been to school with, you’d say so. I never could get those boys to play house with me once! They said it wasn’t any fun.”

“Well, ’tisn’t, you know,” said Bobby, without a moment’s hesitation. “Of course, nothing happens when you play house, no adventures--no accidents--no anything.”

“No accidents!” echoed Polly, in amazement. “I should think it was a pretty dreadful accident to invite four dollies to tea (cut out of a newspaper, they were, beautiful ones, Uncle Blodgett did them for me), and find you had burned up every biscuit to a crisp while you were setting the table. I mean they had burned themselves up! Don’t you like to play any make-believes?”

“Yes, I like some,” admitted the boy, frankly, “but you wouldn’t like my kind, and I call yours pretty slow.”

“What kind of make-believes do you like best?” asked Polly, as she and the dreaded guest sat together in the library at dusk. Miss Pomeroy was entertaining Marm Hackett in the parlor, much to the old woman’s rage, she having desired a talk with the newcomer, for whom she had prepared a list of searching questions.

“I like the kind of make-believes that are in books,” said the boy, staring into the fire. He sat on the hearth-rug with his legs crossed in a position of tantalizing comfort. Polly sat in a straight-backed chair and viewed him with envy. She would have liked so much to be beside him on the rug with her hands clasped over her knees and her chin resting on them. And he had not felt obliged to take any nap. She had heard him talking to Arctura while she lay on that hot bed.

“‘Treasure Island’ is a mighty good make-believe,” remarked Bobby, after a short silence. “I shouldn’t have had any objections to living that story right along.”

“I’ve never read it,” said Polly, with a little sigh. “I’ve never read much of anything till now. Is ‘Treasure Island’ as beautiful as the ‘Snow Queen’?” she asked, doubtfully. “It doesn’t seem as if it could be.”

“Beautiful isn’t the word for it,” said Bobby, turning his spectacled eyes toward her for a moment. “It’s wild, and murderous in places, and it carries you along with it. So does ‘Kidnapped.’ That’s what you want of a book. I never can make up my mind whether I’d rather have been David Balfour or Napoleon. If I had my choice, I believe I’d have to draw lots.”

“There are places in the woods where Miss Arctura and I went one day that would be splendid for make-believes, I should think,” ventured Polly, anxious to please this remarkable boy. “There are rocks that you could hide behind and jump out at me. I shouldn’t be a bit afraid--truly, I shouldn’t!”

“We’ll see,” said Bobby, “only to-morrow’s Sunday, you know, and, of course, we have to go to church--and, anyway, I couldn’t be as fierce about it as if you were a boy. I couldn’t knock a girl over, or pitch into her and wrest her sword from her grasp. That’s where the fun comes in.”

“I thought they said you didn’t care much about play,” said Polly, much surprised.

“I don’t care for ball, or marbles, or any of those things,” said Bobby, scornfully. “I’d rather read, any day. But there’s a fellow at home, George Rogers--just twelve, my age, you know--and he and I play a robber band piece that we’ve made out of different books. I can tell you it’s worth seeing. Only, I suppose, ’twould scare a girl blue.”

“It would not scare me blue.” said Polly, shaking her curls. “I should like it!”

“Eleanor never minded it,” said the boy, softly, to himself, but Polly heard him, and her heart beat high with hope as he took off his spectacles, rubbed them for a minute with a big, white handkerchief, and then adjusted them carefully to his nose, as Uncle Blodgett always did when preparing to read the newspaper.

“Perhaps he’ll think I’m something like Eleanor, after all,” said Polly in her heart. She hesitated for a moment and then leaned over until her head was almost against the boy’s shoulder, as he sat gazing into the fire.

“Do you like ‘Mary’ for a name?” she asked, scarcely breathing the words.

“Why, yes, I don’t know but I do,” said the boy, turning to face her. “But what are you whispering for? I can tell you what I don’t like--I despise ‘Bobby’ for a name! It’s just like baby talk--but I’m afraid of hurting Aunt Hetty’s feelings if I say anything about it. Next time she comes over to our house, I’m going to get grandfather just to suggest to her that it’s time to give up nicknames when a boy’s all but in his teens. He can do it all right. Maybe she’ll bring you over. I’d like to show you George Rogers, and we could do our act for you.”

“Perhaps I shall be in school then,” said Polly, feeling highly honored by this invitation, “there are only two weeks more vacation.”

“You’re not going to school next term,” said Bobby. “I know, for Aunt Hetty told me. She wants to get you more ‘chippered up,’ Arctura says. Isn’t Arctura an old dear? Did she ever tell you what the children used to sing about her nose when she was a young one? It’s funny, and she says she never minded, but I’d have soon stopped them if I’d been there.”

“She never told me,” said Polly, with a glance of admiration at the boy who spoke so valiantly while he looked so mild, “I’d like to hear it.”

“Her nose is pretty prominent, of course,” said the heir of the Pomeroys, reluctantly, “and she says it got its growth before the rest of her. And when they’d see her coming they’d sing out:

“Hark! hark!
’Tura’s bark!
’Spose her nose
Came out o’ the Ark!”

“How mean!” cried Polly, indignantly.

“That’s what I say, but she laughed like everything when she told me about it,” said the boy. “She says her voice was hoarse and queer because she was always having coughs and colds. She seemed to think it was a good joke.”

“That’s because she’s so good-natured,” said little Polly.

“I say, let’s act a charade to-night and make Aunt Hetty guess it.” said the boy, after staring at the old andirons in silence for a few minutes. “I know a fine one that I’ve just thought up, and I’ll tell you how to do your part. George Rogers and I are always making them up, and then our families try to guess them.”

Polly assented with mingled joy and fear. Bobby pressed Arctura into his service to collect materials for this impromptu entertainment, and at seven o’clock Miss Pomeroy sat in the library, waiting for the first syllable. The door that led into the little porch hall was open, and Arctura and Hiram were seated side by side just over the threshold of the dining-room.

“I don’t want to sit in the library along with your aunt, for it gets het up so with that fire,” Miss Green had explained to the actors. “Hiram and I will sit outside where we can see all, and yet keep comfortable.”

The children had exchanged a glance of perfect understanding and some amusement, but loyalty to the faithful Arctura kept them silent.

A moment after the tall clock had given its seven silvery strokes, the door into the front hall burst open and in rushed a strange figure. He was wrapped in a blanket with a bright red border, tied about the waist with a blue and green plaid shawl. In this belt were two carving knives and a hammer. A feather duster waved above the boy’s head, its handle imparting a peculiar stiffness to the action of his neck. A brown calico mask was drawn over his face. In each hand was an old hatchet.

“Never you fear, Miss Hetty,” came Arctura’s voice from the porch hall, as this extraordinary figure began to caper about the room, uttering discordant yells and brandishing the hatchets, “there isn’t a weapon in his outfit that would cut a string. Mercy on us, keep away from me!” she shrieked, as the calico mask turned in her direction.

Presently Polly appeared with a little basket on her arm, walking along with eyes cast down. There was a wild whoop from the figure in the blanket, a shrill cry from Polly, and the two rushed from the room, leaving the audience to reflect upon what they had seen.

“Looked like murder to me,” said Hiram, chuckling, “but I suppose that ain’t the answer.” Just then Bobby stuck his head in the door.

“We think it’s only fair to you,” he said, bowing to his aunt, and casting a glance beyond her into the darkness where sat the Greens, “to tell you that there were three syllables to the first act--there’ll be two to this next one--and one to the last.”

“Three syllables--that settles it--murder’s only got two,” remarked Hiram, solemnly. “Well, I’ve guessed wrong the first time. Got any light on it, Miss Hetty?”

“I’m not sure, of course, Hiram,” said Miss Pomeroy, with a laugh, “but I have the glimmer of an idea.”

Hiram’s chuckle ended abruptly as the door opened to admit Polly, bearing a slate, on which was drawn an irregular-shaped object, from the top of which a long line curved off to one edge of the slate.

“I call that a pin-quishion,” said Hiram, meditatively, “or else a balloon. I don’t know which. It’s first-rate for either one.”

“It isn’t,” said Polly; then she blushed, shook her head, and ran out of the room, to be received by her partner in the hall with a good deal of reproach.

“I seem to be sinking in deeper every time,” said Hiram, in a loud voice, intended to reach the other hall. “Murder--quishion is the nearest I’ve come.”

“In this next scene you’ve got to pretend you’re all English,” said the boy, pausing on the threshold before he and Polly entered, “for that’s the only way we can make it come out right.”

“Pretty short notice for a man that’s never been thirty miles from home,” said Mr. Green, in a melancholy tone.

The actors paid no heed to him. Polly put her little right hand to her ear and assumed a listening attitude, while the boy fell prone upon his stomach, and, raising his head, began to squirm over the floor, making a strange sound suggestive of tightly-shut teeth and breath drawn in and let out with all possible force. At last he squirmed out of the door, followed by the listening Polly.

There was a sound of animated dialogue in the hall, and then just as Hiram had made the doleful announcement that all was lost as far as his guessing was concerned, in came the boy and girl, hand in hand.

“We can’t do the whole word,” announced Bobby, “for we’ve decided we don’t either of us draw well enough. But all I can say is, it’s on the map. Now, have you guessed? You have, Aunt Hetty, I know you have!”

“I’m not at all certain,” said Miss Pomeroy, cautiously. “Could it be--Indianapolis?”

“I knew you’d guess,” said the boy, delightedly. “Wasn’t it pretty good? Indian--apple--’iss. ’Twas her idea, thinking of dropping the h off hiss, because her Uncle Blodgett told her once that was the way English people talked.” He looked with appreciation at Polly, as he gave her this generous tribute. “Wasn’t it bright of her?”

“I move we clap the whole company,” said Hiram--and the entertainment closed in a burst of applause, while the two actors made their very best bows to the audience.

[TO BE CONTINUED]

SPEEDING THE UNFORTUNATE WHOSE SCHOOL OPENS FIRST]

_Wood-Folk Talk_

By J. ALLISON ATWOOD

WHY BIRDS MIGRATE

There are very few people who really know why birds migrate--that is, fly south in the fall, and then return to us in the springtime. Some say that they cannot stand the cold, and so escape it by going south where it is warm all winter. Others believe that at the end of summer the birds have eaten all their food, so they have to go to some locality where the insects and other dainties have not all been devoured. Both of these explanations seem reasonable until one has learned the real cause.

A great many years ago, hundreds and hundreds in fact, birds stayed all year round in the same place they had built their nests, and, no doubt, they would do so now if they had their choice. But as it is, they no sooner feel the first breath of winter than they hurry away as if pursued by some enemy. And that they have some reason to fear, I’m sure you will agree when you have heard it.

It was a very cold winter. Most of the birds had to move out of their summer homes. Brown-thrasher and Song-sparrow had been forced to give up their thickets, all the undergrowth being dead. Thereupon the former grumbled much because Flicker was so well sheltered from the cold. In the summer time, Thrasher had been among the first to make fun of the carpenter for building such a peculiar house, but now he looked longingly at him as he disappeared within the comfortable-looking hollow limb. Kingfisher, too, was regarded with more respect as he took shelter in the long tunnel which he had made during the previous summer. But as for those most unfortunate birds who had built on the ground, as Bobolink and Meadowlark, they, indeed, were very much put out, for their houses were entirely covered with snow. Still, it is very probable that everyone would have stayed north all winter had not something far more dreadful occurred.

On the evening of the winter’s heaviest storm, the birds had all gathered under an evergreen to sleep. Among them were Flicker and Kingfisher, for they, much to Thrasher’s delight, had been driven from their homes on the day before by those improvident fellows, Squirrel and Muskrat, who thus obtained houses far better than any they could have built for themselves. The wind was whistling frightfully, and each one had his head tucked under his wing for warmth. Suddenly Bobolink stood upright and peered out anxiously into the darkness. His keen ear had caught some other sound than the harsh wind and spluttering snow. In an instant Bobolink was alert. Then he saw something that, even cold as he was, made him shiver. Before him, gliding on noiseless wing, was a gigantic white object. Its large yellow eyes gleamed terribly in the dark, and Bobolink was all but paralyzed with fear. Then, in desperation, he called out loud enough to wake his neighbors. They, too, saw the dim white form and scattered like leaves before the wind, just as the huge monster swooped down among them. Barn-swallow, in his haste to get away, caught his tail on a twig and made a great tear right in the middle of it. So badly was it torn that the feathers have never grown in properly, as we can see even to this day. But he was too frightened then even to know it.

For hours afterwards the terrified birds hid as best they might in the dark woods. Then, when at length, he thought the danger past, Bobolink gave a chirp, as if to let his whereabouts be known. After a time the other folks answered his call, and in this way they soon collected, every one of them still trembling with fear. Then, although it was midnight, they prepared to flee. So dark was it that there would have been great danger of getting lost had not Bobolink suggested that they keep up chirping as they flew, and in this way be able to hold together.

In such a manner and at such a time the birds made their first journey south. When once they reached the warmer lands they scattered, for they had learned that to remain in flocks was dangerous. But what was more important, they had learned that they could migrate at night, and that it was the safest way, as then they could not be seen by their enemies.

Hear them chirp as they fly overhead some night in the spring or fall. That was Bobolink’s idea, and it was a good one, too. It keeps them from separating in the darkness.

None of the Woodfolk ever learned who the white stranger was. Some thought him a ghost or spirit, but all of them fear even the thought of him. No wonder they have never since dared to stay north during the winter. Of course, the larger ones, like Hawk or Crow, do not always leave, for they are not afraid of the stranger. But all of those who first saw him on that dreadful night have always migrated. Indeed, poor Bobolink is still so fearful of the “white spirit” that he never feels safe until he has flown all the way to South America.

But how do they know when the stranger is coming? Ah! that is what has puzzled so many of us. Have you ever noticed in the winter the little slate-colored fellow with a white breast, who comes to us just before the snow season? It is Snowbird, of course. He, too, lives in the north, but not so far away as the white enemy. At the first sign of danger he hastens south to warn his friends. Then, remaining between the Woodfolk and the enemy, he keeps a close watch all winter. There can be little danger to the birds as long as Snowbird is there to warn them. But how cold it must be for him? Indeed, some folks say that is what has made his bill and feet so pink just as our hands and noses grow red from the cold. But he is courageous. He stands guard between his friends and the terrible white danger, even during the heaviest snows. So you see that it was not without reason that folks gave him the name, “Snowbird.” Few of the birds would brave the cold as he does.

But when spring comes! How eager they all are to get back, for they know now that the enemy has fled to the far north. It is a race to see which of the Woodfolk will be the first to reach his northern home. Occasionally they arrive too early, Blackbird, Robin, and Bluebird first, of course, and then a warning from Snowbird sends them scurrying south again. The thought of the white spectre still terrifies them.

But this does not often happen, and for the most part when we hear them exulting on their arrival we know that they are here to stay. Just listen how Blackbird chuckles as he passes over our heads, for he knows that he will be the first to get home. Kentucky-warbler is a very slow flyer, yet he dreads to be the last. His mind is always on his favorite feeding-place, and he fears that Blackbird will find it. That is why he calls after him, “Greedy! greedy! greedy!”

And the white spirit? Oh, yes! That is only Snowy Owl. He lives in the far north and comes down to us only in the very cold weather, when snow covers the ground. When we see the great white fellow with his large yellow eyes, we can hardly wonder why the Woodfolk were so frightened. But the truth of it is that Snowy Owl, unless very hungry, would not harm the birds at all, for he lives mostly upon the small four-footed animals. What a pity it is that our birds leave us in the winter, some of them to go all the way to South America, just because of a superstitious fear for an arctic visitor who would not harm them if he could! If we could only explain to them, what a blessing it would be to both of us!

WITH THE EDITOR

As we look forward to the opening of school it is with feelings of a mixed nature. There is undoubtedly among some of us a lack of that ardor with which we hailed vacation. Nevertheless, none of us can fail to anticipate gladly the greeting of old friends and the return to that life which, though routine in its nature, will, in after years, be regarded as the brightest period of our existence.

In school, as in any other path of life, we can only get the most out by putting the most into it. The amount we accomplish, therefore, is determined in a great way by our powers of application. The boy or girl who can bring to bear his whole mind upon his lesson is bound to accomplish more than one who devotes a much longer period of time to broken study. Our great desire, then, if we wish to make the most of our school life, is to concentrate.

But this power of application is not only the secret of success in the school-room. Anyone who has cultivated it has taken an important step in their life, whether it be dedicated to study, business, or profession.

We are often brought into contact with persons not otherwise gifted, who continually surprise us by the amount they accomplish. Could we but make a study of them we would see that the greatest part of their ability lies in this same power of concentration. On whatever they undertake they put their whole mind. What appears to be a wonderful versatility is merely the ability to do one thing at a time, and to do it well.

Even in athletics, where success often comes to those who are apparently not making the most of themselves otherwise, it is this same power which excels. Should many of the young folks who have become proficient in athletics at the expense of their studies, concentrate upon their lessons as closely as they do upon their exercise, they would have become intellectual leaders as well.

Now, as the new period of our school life approaches, let us meet it with a full realization of its value to us. Then only will we be able to reap its full benefit. The secret of accomplishing the most and making the best of our time is by concentrating upon our task. Whether it be our lessons, our work, or our play, we can succeed only by bringing to bear upon it our whole mind and strength. Then, too, it is only when we have made our school days days of accomplishment that we can derive the fullest enjoyment from our vacation.

Event and Comment

The Coronation

The coronation ceremonies of King Edward, postponed from June last and threatened with frustration, took place on August 9th in Westminster Abbey. Here were assembled no less than 7,000 people, including the nobility and clergy, together with foreign princes, ambassadors, and rulers from various quarters of the globe. Among them were nearly 100 Americans, all more or less prominent.

In the midst of such an assembly the climax of the event came when the venerable Archbishop of Canterbury placed the jeweled crown upon the king’s head.

Thereupon the electric lights throughout the Abbey sprang into brilliant existence, illumining the magnificent apparel and glittering jewels of both participant and spectator, and giving an effect of splendor which, according to one who beheld it, has never been equaled.

* * * * *

While on this side we are all too much interested in our own country to join in the chorus of “God Save the King” with any great enthusiasm, we can, nevertheless, wish King Edward VII a long and successful reign.

The Great Rifle

What is, without doubt, the most formidable gun ever constructed is the one recently built at the Watervliet Arsenal for the defence of New York harbor. While its calibre is but 16 inches, smaller than many guns already in use, its range is 21 miles, or half again more powerful than its nearest rival.

The length of the new gun is 49 feet 2 inches and its weight 126 tons. It throws a projectile whose length is 5 feet 4 inches.

The cost of firing a single shot is $1,000.

Eighteen other such guns are to be constructed and placed at such vital points along our coast as New York, San Francisco, Boston, and Hampton Roads.

* * * * *

There is something about these large rifles which appeals to and fascinates nearly every one of us. We all wish to see the series completed and distributed. But, further than that, let us hope that such terrible engines of destruction will never be turned upon a human foe.

The Seven-masted Schooner

Almost simultaneously with the completion of the great rifle at the New York arsenal, came the launching of the “Thomas W. Lawson,” the first seven-masted schooner ever built.

Differing from our usual idea of a sailboat, the new ship is constructed almost entirely of steel. So manageable are the six powerful steam engines which control the sails, spars, anchors, and rudder, that this, the largest sailing vessel afloat, requires a crew of but sixteen men.

The length of the “Lawson” is 403 feet, and she carries a cargo of 8,100 tons.

There is a system of electric lights and telephones throughout, while the cabins are heated by steam.

The “Lawson” will be used at first as a collier on the Atlantic coast, where her owners expect she will make a great profit.

* * * * *

It is to this application of steam and electricity to sailboats that we may look for strides in that science, which has probably advanced less than any other in the past two thousand years--the science of sailing.

Preservation of the “Buffalo”

The Secretary of the Interior has announced plans for the perpetuation of the American bison or “buffalo.” For this purpose he has secured an appropriation of $15,000 to build a wire corral at Yellowstone Park. Here the bison, both wild and tame, will be protected in every way. At present there are but twenty-two bison in the park, but this number will be greatly increased by purchase in the near future.

A numerical estimate of the pure-blooded bison now in existence gives, in the United States, 968, mostly tame, and in Canada, 600, all of which are wild.

* * * * *

There is no place where the old adage, “Put not off until to-morrow,” can be better applied than in the protection of our wild animals. If the American bison is to be preserved, it must be to-day.

Fire Damp

Fire damp and carelessness, perhaps, upon the part of one of the miners were responsible for the terrible disaster which again brought Johnstown, Pa., into prominence. Over a hundred lives were lost in the perilous “Klondike dip.”

* * * * *

Although it always seems a little heartless to point to any good resulting from such a catastrophe, it is probable that it will lead to a more careful inspection of our mines and greater precaution against that terrible explosive, fire damp.

The tennis doubles of the Round Robin Tournament at Westchester drew forth most of the country’s best players.

The hottest contest was between the champions, Ward and Davis, and Whitman and Ware, which, after four sets, resulted in a draw with the score 2 all.

The Wrenn brothers then took to the court, and after playing Ward and Davis in a set which ran as high as 10 all, finally defeated them.

At the end of the tournament the standing was: Wrenn brothers won 4, lost 0; Whitman and Ware won 3, lost 1; Ward and Davis won 2, lost 2; Little and Alexander won 1, lost 3: Clothier and Ogden won 0, lost 4.

* * * * *

In the Henley meet, in England, the race for the Diamond Sculls was the most interesting event to the Americans in spite of the fact that it resulted in a defeat for our candidate, C. S. Titus.

After winning from Scholes, the Canadian, and Fields, one of the English oarsmen, Titus was defeated by Kelley, although the time made in the last race was 20 seconds slower than that of the one in which Titus defeated Scholes.

* * * * *

The all-around championship in athletics was decided this year at Celtic Park, Long Island. Gunn, of the Buffalo Y. M. C. A., in winning first place, showed great improvement over his last year’s form. Second to him in the number of points won was Merrill, of the Milwaukee Athletic Club, while the third place fell to Prinstein, the great jumper and hurdler.

* * * * *

Golf players of this country were somewhat surprised at the result of the National Golf Tournament at Glenview, Chicago.

The two-year national champion, Walter J. Travis, was defeated by E. M. Byers, of Pittsburg, the former Yale individual champion. Later, however, Byers, himself, was defeated by L. N. James, of Chicago.

* * * * *

In spite of the fact that England will not try for America’s cup this year, the yachting world is more active than usual. In the race of the New York Yacht Club for seventy-footers, Cornelius Vanderbilt’s “Rainbow” showed her superiority over August Belmont’s “Mineola,” winning by one minute and ten seconds.

The German Imperial Yacht Race, too, aroused much interest among the Americans, because of the fact that the boats finishing second and third, the “Meteor” and “Navahoe,” were both built in this country.

Answers to August Puzzles

1. Y O U T H
O C H R E
U L T R A
T U T O R
H E A R T

2. Eagle, heron.
Kite, wren.
Sparrow, redbird.
Lark, robin.
Rhea, thrush.
Hawk, loon.

3. Washington, Lincoln.

4. S
C A R
C A M E L
S A M P S O N
R E S E T
L O T
N

5. THE ESCAPE

“=K=amby says =E=dith is worse. =Y=ou asked me to write if she began to fail, and =I= am complying with your request. =S=o, if the =U=nion of the =N=orth can spare you, come. =D=o not delay, for =E=dith is very ill. =R=emember, she is waiting for you.

“=M=ost sorrowfully,
“=A=djutant =T=homas.”

Capital letters spell: “Key is under mat.”

The first five perfect solutions were received from

Charlotte Copp.
Mary Folsom Pierce.
Warren Raymond.
Flavius Lentz.
Alice Burr.

ENIGMA

I am composed of ten letters.

My 8-2-3 is a vehicle.

My 9-4-7 is a meadow.

My 5-10-6-1 is a money compensation.

My whole is a place of Divine worship known in ancient and modern times.

--_Martha E. Evans._

DIAMOND

. A consonant.
. . . A young blossom.
. . . . . Something we all eat.
. . . . . . . A day of the week.
. . . . . A term for father.
. . . A period of time.
. A consonant.
--_S. Lillian C._

SOME LARGE NATIONS

1. A scheming nation.
2. A surprising nation.
3. A fanciful nation.
4. A nation that goes no farther.
5. A nation that ends.
6. A reflective nation.
7. A nation that ordains.
8. A nation that foretells.
9. A nation that personifies.
10. A most destructive nation.
11. A nation that names.
12. A nation that specifies.
13. A nation that kills.
14. A nation that crowns.
15. A nation that points out.
16. A nation that grows.
17. A mistaken nation.
18. A reproachful nation.
19. A nation that wanders.
--_Margaret P. Boyle._

HIDDEN ORCHESTRA

Nebotneroolcritopmoiavindnrmbusvilosa.
--_Julia E_--.

PARLOR MAGIC

By Ellis Stanyon

Disappearing Handkerchief.--Obtain a small red silk handkerchief, also a loose piece of silk of the same color, about one and a half inches square. Keep this piece at the corner of the handkerchief between both hands until you have succeeded in getting it into small compass, taking care that the small piece is at the top. Retain the handkerchief in the right hand, and with the left hand pull up the right sleeve. Now, with the right hand pull up the left sleeve, but leave the handkerchief in the bend of the left arm, where it will be hidden by the folds of the sleeve, taking care, however, that the small piece of red silk protrudes from the closed right hand, deluding the spectators into the belief that the handkerchief is still in your hand--for do they not see the corner of it? Now, rub the hands together and roll the piece into a small pellet, and palm it between the bend of the thumb and first finger. Slap your hands together, and show both sides. Care must be taken not to spread the thumb and fingers too much while showing the hands, as this would reveal the piece of red silk. This showing of hands should be studied before a mirror, as it is upon the apparent naturalness of pose that many such tricks depend. Afterwards, while turning to the table, the real handkerchief can be palmed or got rid of, whichever may be necessary to the performer’s version of the trick. This is the most effective illusion, and will deceive even the conjurors.

Another clever disappearing trick with a handkerchief is the following:--Take a piece of flesh-colored thread, and place it about the right hand, in the manner depicted in the illustration (Fig. 13). The dotted lines represent the thread on the outside of the hand. With this simple device a handkerchief can be apparently placed in the left hand, when in reality it is stuck between the loop in the right hand. Vanish a handkerchief in above manner from the left hand, and by grabbing the air with your right hand you reproduce the handkerchief.

WITH THE PUBLISHER

YOUTH

An Illustrated Monthly Journal for Boys and Girls

Edited by HERBERT LEONARD COGGINS

=Single Copies 10 Cents= =Annual Subscription $1.00=

Sent postpaid to any address. Subscriptions can begin at any time and must be paid in advance.

The publishers should be promptly informed of any change of address.

Subscribers who have not received their magazine regularly will please notify the publishers.

Remittances may be made in the way most convenient to the sender, and should be addressed to

=THE PENN PUBLISHING COMPANY= 923 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

* * * * *

_GREETING_

As the end of vacation draws near, YOUTH wishes to assure its friends that it is in the best of health, both physically and mentally. The long summer, usually so trying to periodicals, has in no way fatigued its energies. On the contrary, it has strengthened them. Each day we have been making many new friends, more even than we had anticipated, so that now, encouraged by this generous support, we meet the coming season with a new vigor.

_A NEW FEATURE_

Beginning with this issue, Mr. Allen Biddle will contribute to YOUTH a series of short articles on “Quaint Philadelphia.” As Mr. Biddle has made a specialty of juvenile writing, and is also well versed in Philadelphia’s early history, we believe that the new feature cannot fail to prove of interest to our young readers.

_TO OUR READERS_

Our recent encouraging experience has shown us that there is no surer way to increase our circle of acquaintances than through our present friends. During the past months many of our readers have taken advantage of the Special Subscription Offer which appears on this page, and in this way have obtained for themselves very complete libraries. Others, induced by our liberal cash premiums and by means of our easy arrangements for obtaining subscriptions, have proved of great service to us in enlarging our list, besides making for themselves a very considerable sum of spending money. Should any of our readers who have not already made use of these offers be inclined to aid us, we should be glad to forward them full particulars as to the premiums and the methods of undertaking the work.

_50c. FOR TWENTY-FIVE NAMES_

Anyone who will send us the names and addresses of twenty-five of his friends, boys or girls, and fifty cents additional, will receive a year’s subscription to YOUTH. The magazine will be sent to any desired address. This is a very easy way for any person, young or old, to obtain a year’s subscription. We wish the twenty-five names for the sole purpose of distributing sample copies of YOUTH. They will be put to no other use, so that no one need have any hesitation in sending the list.

_SPECIAL SUBSCRIPTION OFFER_

In order to make it a substantial object for our subscribers to interest themselves in extending the circulation of YOUTH, we have decided to make the following special offer:

For every new subscription sent us we will send, free of all cost, one of any of the books named in the accompanying list. These books are the latest and best stories of the most popular writers for boys and girls. They are beautifully illustrated and handsomely bound. The regular price of each book is $1.25. This is an exceptional opportunity for any one to add to his library with little effort, and we trust that a very large number of our subscribers will quickly avail themselves of this special offer. This, of course, does not apply to those taking advantage of our other subscription offers.

Earning Her Way By Mrs. Clarke Johnson
Her College Days By Mrs. Clarke Johnson
A Maid at King Alfred’s Court By Lucy Foster Madison
A Maid of the First Century By Lucy Foster Madison
A Yankee Girl In Old California By Evelyn Raymond
My Lady Barefoot By Evelyn Raymond
Dorothy Day By Julie M. Lippmann
Miss Wildfire By Julie M. Lippmann
An Odd Little Lass By Jessie E. Wright
An Every-day Heroine By Mary A. Denison
Uncrowning a King By Edward S. Ellis, A. M.
At the Siege of Quebec By James Otis
In the Days of Washington By William Murray Graydon
On Woodcove Island By Elbridge S. Brooks
Under the Tamaracks By Elbridge S. Brooks
The Wreck of the Sea Lion By W. O. Stoddard
The Young Financier By W. O. Stoddard
True to His Trust By Edward S. Ellis, A. M.
Comrades True By Edward S. Ellis, A. M.
Among the Esquimaux By Edward S. Ellis, A. M.
The Campers Out By Edward S. Ellis, A. M.
The Young Gold Seekers By Edward S. Ellis, A. M.
Andy’s Ward By James Otis
Chasing a Yacht By James Otis
The Braganza Diamond By James Otis
The Lost Galleon By W. Bert Foster
Exiled to Siberia By William Murray Graydon
The Lost Gold Mine By Frank H. Converse
A Cape Cod Boy By Sophie Swett
Making His Mark By Horatio Alger, Jr.
The Young Boatman By Horatio Alger, Jr.
The Odds Against Him By Horatio Alger, Jr.

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=A LIBERAL EDUCATION=

Mr. Melville E. Stone, General Manager of the _Associated Press_, says: “It is a very valuable and interesting publication. It FILLS A HITHERTO UNOCCUPIED FIELD. Continuous reading of it is equivalent to a LIBERAL EDUCATION.”

“Besides filling a hitherto unoccupied field it MEETS A DISTINCT WANT,” says the _Indianapolis Journal_.

“It is the MOST WHOLESOME OF WEEKLIES and deserves the high endorsements it has received from best educational sources.”--_N. Y. Times._

The regular weekly features are “What is Going On,” “Current Thought and Comment,” “People and Things.” Once a month the regular weekly edition is expanded into the MAGAZINE NUMBER, which is double in size, and contains, in addition, a popular “Review of Magazines and Reviews,” “Book Reviews,” and Special Articles. The publishers are anxious to have you try the paper. However, it is only fair that you should have an opportunity to become acquainted with it before you subscribe.

=NINE MONTHS OF THIS PUBLICATION MEANS 39 ISSUES INCLUDING 9 MAGAZINE NUMBERS=

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=6 Weeks 10c.=

=9 Months $1=

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A Weekly News Journal for Busy Men and Women

150 Fifth Avenue NEW YORK

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OFFER TO TOURISTS IN

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AND TO THE TRANSCONTINENTAL TRAVELER

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THREE DAILY TRAINS, WITH THROUGH PULLMAN SLEEPERS AND TOURIST CARS BETWEEN

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WRITE TO

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FOR ILLUSTRATED PAMPHLETS

=Bird Manna=,

the great secret of the canary breeders of the Hartz Mountains in Germany, is as necessary to canary birds as is seed. It is a stimulant that prevents their ailments and keeps them in health and song. They won’t even stop singing during the critical season of shedding feathers. No trouble to get birds to eat it as they are very fond of it. Ask your druggist for Bird Manna, or send us 15 cents and we’ll mail it to you.

The Philadelphia Bird Food Co.’s

=Bird Bitters=

is a medicine for sick birds and gives quick relief. Infuses new life and vitality into the household pet. A few drops mixed in the bird’s drinking water brings out the song almost immediately. Get a bottle of Bird Bitters from your druggist and see how quickly the bird will recover from its illness. There are numerous imitations of Bird Bitters. Be sure to ask for the Philadelphia Bird Food Co.’s Bird Bitters so that you get the genuine. 25 cents. Mailed for the same price.

The Philadelphia Bird Food Co. 400 North Third Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

BOOK ON CAGE BIRDS.

Hints on treatment and breeding of all kinds of cage birds, with description of diseases and their remedies. All about parrots and how to teach them to talk. Instructions for building and stocking an aviary. Over 150 engravings and a colored frontispiece, showing different kinds of fancy canaries in natural colors. 15 cts.

THE POULTRY DOCTOR.

By John E. Diehl, American Poultry Assoc. Judge, one of the highest authorities on poultry. A valuable book for fanciers & poultry breeders. Tells how to rear and keep poultry, the symptoms of different ailments with treatment by allopathic and homœopathic remedies. By mail, 25 cents.

A BOOK OF THE DOG.

Should be in the hands of everyone interested in dogs. Contains fine colored frontispiece, and engravings of nearly every breed of dogs and all kinds of dog furnishing goods. Book cost more to produce than the price--15 cents by mail.

THE DOMESTIC CAT.

Another book by John E. Diehl. Invaluable to owners of cats. Describes different breeds and varieties, and states how to keep and rear them. Tells about their various diseases and remedies. Publisher’s regular price was 50 cts., but our special price is 25 cents.

BOOK ON POULTRY.

116 pages, with lithographic plate of group of different fowls in natural colors, and engravings of all kinds of land and water poultry. Descriptions of the breeds, plans for poultry houses, how to manage an incubator, all about caponizing, and the value of different breeds. 15 cts. by mail.

THE TOY DOG.

The last book written by John E. Diehl. Illustrated with about 50 engravings. If you own or intend to purchase a toy dog, you’ll want this desirable little volume. It traces the origin and describes the many different varieties of toy dogs. How to select, breed and manage them. Mailed for 25 cts.

☞ The entire series of six books will be sent, prepaid, to any address on receipt of $1.00.

Associated Fanciers, 400 North Third St., Philadelphia.

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BUY, READ AND THEN RECOMMEND

S·LOUISE PATTESON]

THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A CAT

By S. Louise Patteson. With an introduction by Sarah K. Bolton. 12mo. Attractively bound in cloth and fully illustrated. Price, net, 60 cents; by mail, 70 cents.

Here is a book that is a fitting companion to “Black Beauty” and “Beautiful Joe.” There are few books that have had so wide or deserved a circulation as these. Almost every parent has read them to children over and over, and when the children are able to read they read them again. “Pussy Meow” is another classic for children dealing with the cat.--_The Philadelphia Inquirer._

For Sale by all Booksellers, or by the Publishers

=George W. Jacobs & Co.=, Philadelphia

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=STAMMERING CURED=

_The only building ever erected at any time during the world’s history exclusively as an institution for the cure of Stammering._]

Our new Institute provides accommodation for one hundred students. Large lecture halls. Spacious gymnasium. Pleasant parlors. Electric light. Hot water heating. Hard wood floors in every room. Surroundings homelike, moral and wholesome. Cures lasting and permanent. Facilities for training unequaled elsewhere.

Refer by permission to Hon. Wm. C. Marbury, Mayor of Detroit, Rev. Robert Stuart MacArthur, D.D., L.L.D., Pastor Calvary Baptist Church, New York City, Prof. Thos. C. Trueblood, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., Prof. Robert Irving Fulton, Ohio Western University, Delaware, Ohio, Dr. Robert L. Randolph, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., Prof. H. H. Nicholson, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. Endorsed also by hundreds of graduates from all parts of the United States and Canada.

Additional references furnished on request. Our 200-page book, “The Origin and Treatment of Stammering,” sent FREE to any address for six cents in stamps to cover postage. Ask also for a FREE sample copy of “The Phono-Meter,” a monthly paper exclusively for persons who stammer.

THE LEWIS PHONO-METRIC INSTITUTE, 65 Adelaide Street, Detroit, Mich.

Address International Subscription Agency Le Roy, N. Y.

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AN EXCEPTIONAL OFFER!

You are first required to send fifty cents for the following offer: =Good Time_s_= for one year and the =President_s_ Picture=. We will then send you full instructions how it is possible for you to make from =$6.00 to $15 per Week= by working a few hours every evening. No outside work or personal canvassing required. =MONEY REFUNDED= if you are not entirely satisfied with our offer. It is necessary for you to be a subscriber for the publication =GOOD TIMES= and also to have =a Picture of the President_s_= in order to fully appreciate the plan we have for you and the work we will outline.

$1.50 FOR ONLY 50 CENTS

_One Picture of the Presidents, size 22x28_, _$1.00_
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ALL FOR ONLY 50 CENTS _$1.50_

_Plays for Amateurs_

The largest stock in the United States. We can furnish any play that is published. Full descriptive catalogue giving number of characters, time required, etc., sent free to any address.

The Penn Publishing Company 923 Arch Street PHILADELPHIA

TOASTS

...By... WILLIAM PITTENGER

Most men dread being called upon to respond to a toast or to make an address. What would you not give for the ability to be rid of this embarrassment? No need to give much when you can learn the art from this little book. It will tell you how to do it; not only that, but by example it will show the way. It is valuable not alone to the novice, but the experienced speaker will gather from it many suggestions.

Cloth Binding, 50 cents

Sold everywhere or mailed for the price

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THE STONE METHOD

The Clothes do not make the man. Of course the tailor does his part, but he must have a foundation on which to build. =The Stone Method= fills out every flabby muscle, straightens the stooping figure, making it erect, alert, self-confident. If you are not as vigorous as a young mountain pine, write us. We will send you our booklet, measurement blank and testimonials which are convincing proof of the value of our system of physical training. We are successfully teaching =The Stone Method= of Scientific Physical Culture to men and women in every part of the world. It requires only 10 minutes time each day in your own room, just before retiring, or upon arising. No apparatus is required, and you will be put to no expense aside from our modest fee. Individual instruction is given in every case, based on the pupil’s present condition, habits, mode of living, and the object which he wishes to attain. By =The Stone Method= of concentrated exertion, more exercise is actually obtained in 10 minutes than by the use of apparatus two hours. The exercises are rational, moderate, and are taught by an instructor thoroughly versed in physiology, and who has been prominent in athletics for 32 years. Does not overtax the heart. Both sexes, all ages, 12 to 85 years. Instruction given in deep breathing as well as physical training. Systematically follow our instructions and we can promise you a fine, strong, well-developed physique which bears every evidence of perfect manhood or womanhood; a clear brain; a light step; a splendid circulation that will make itself known in a ruddy complexion; bright eyes; sound, easy-working lungs, with plenty of room in which to expand; an increased appetite; good digestion; an active liver; sound, restful sleep; a cheerful disposition; an erect carriage. In a word, =greater strength=, =better health=, =longer life=. =It is the duty=, and should be the pleasure, of every mother to take a course in scientific physical culture, not alone for the benefit which would result to her own health, but that she may, in turn, instruct her children and bring them up to be strong, healthy, robust men and women. =Illustrated booklet and measurement blank sent FREE. Address=

The Stone School of Scientific Physical Culture,

1741 Masonic Temple, Chicago, Ill.

_See our Advertisements in all the Current Monthly Periodicals._

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Read Book News!

Are you a reader of new books?

Do you try to keep pace with current literature?

It makes it easy for you by giving you a bird’s-eye view of the whole literary field, thus keeping you in constant touch with the doings of the book world! BOOK NEWS tells you what is best and what is least worth reading among the latest books and tells you _at once_. No need to wait three months to learn what the critics have to say about a book! BOOK NEWS tells you the first month! It criticises without bias all works of importance, gives a full, classified list of recent publications and reviews the leading magazines. BOOK NEWS Biographies, illustrated with portraits, introduces a number of the newest writers. A frontispiece portrait of some prominent author accompanies every number, while new poetry and articles of interest on timely subjects add each month to the general attractiveness.

BOOK NEWS is a complete, up-to-date, original and purely literary magazine and reviews more books in the course of a year than any other literary journal.

=BASE BALL=

=How to become a Player=

With the Origin, History, and Explanation of the Game

By JOHN MONTGOMERY WARD

Of the New York Base Ball Club

The work is adapted equally to patrons and players. Under the various chapters of Captain, Pitcher, Catcher, Short Stop, First Baseman, Batter, Base Runner, etc., it not only tells how every position should be played, but shows how to use the different curves, how to mislead the batter, how to hit safely, how to steal bases, how to stop ground hits, how to catch fly balls, in fact, gives complete directions for becoming an expert player.

Paper binding, 25 cents Cloth, 50 cents

Sold by all booksellers or mailed upon receipt of price

=The Penn Publishing Company 923 Arch Street PHILADELPHIA=

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$4.10 FOR $2.00

A Combination Offer That Mean_s_ Something

BIRDS AND NATURE (one year) $1.50 } CHILD-GARDEN (one year) 1.00 } GAME OF BIRDS .35 } GOLDEN PHEASANT (Colored Picture) .25 } ALL FOR ONLY LITERATURE GAME .25 } =$2.00= GAME OF INDUSTRIES .25 } TWENTY-FIVE PICTURES (From Birds and Nature) .50 } ---- } The total amount of value $4.10 }

=BIRDS AND NATURE= Monthly; 48 pages, 8x10 inches; per year, $1.60.
A magazine devoted to nature, and illustrated by
color photography. It is the only periodical in
the world which publishes pictures of birds,
animals, insects, flowers, plants, etc., in
natural colors. Eight full-page plates each month.

“Certainly no periodical, and probably no book, on
birds ever found anything like such favor with the
public as BIRDS AND NATURE.”
--_Evening Post, New York._

=CHILD-GARDEN= A magazine for young folks.

=GAME OF BIRDS= Illustrations of popular birds, in colors true to
nature, on 52 finely enameled cards 2½x3½
inches. Enclosed in case with full directions for
playing. A beautiful and fascinating game.

=GOLDEN PHEASANT= A beautiful picture for framing. Printed in
natural colors on fine paper 18x24 inches.

=LITERATURE GAME= 500 Questions and Answers in English Literature.
100 cards 2¼x3 inches. Interesting and
instructive.

=GAME OF INDUSTRIES= Educational--400 Questions and Answers on the
great industries of our country. 100 cards
2¾x3 inches.

=REMEMBER= A year’s subscription to BIRDS AND NATURE and
CHILD-GARDEN alone amount to $2.50. If you now
take either magazine, or both, your subscription
will be advanced one year.

A sample of both magazines for a dime and two pennies--12 cents in stamps. Send for catalogue.

A. W. MUMFORD, Publisher, 203 Michigan Avenue, Chicago

“MAGIC”

Established 1900

Edited by Ellis Stanyon

ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.50
SINGLE COPY (by post), 15 cts.

=THE ONLY PAPER in the British Empire= devoted solely to the interests of Magicians, Jugglers, Hand Shadowists, Ventriloquists, Cartoonists, and Specialty Entertainers. Clever conjuring tricks for parlor and stage. Great handcuff tricks. Tricks of card, coin, and handkerchief kings.

Special Coronation number (July), colored supplement. Vol. 1, with Index, Title Page, etc., $1.75.

=An Illustrated Monthly Magazine=

Publishers ELLIS STANYON & CO. 76 SOLENT ROAD, WEST HAMPSTEAD London, N. W., England

The Optimi_s_t

SAINT LOUIS

_The Midland Monthly Magazine Every Optimist should read it $1.00 Yearly; 10 Cents Copy World’s Fair Views and News Good Advertiser_

The Optimi_s_t Publishing Co. Globe Democrat Building ====ST. LOUIS

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No Education is Complete

without a course in elocution and oratory. This is particularly true of the person who contemplates a professional life, and scarcely less applicable in any walk of life. Such a course gives ease and confidence before an audience, leads to a better understanding of human nature, and is a great factor in successful intercourse with men and women in business and social affairs.

The best known and most thoroughly equipped elocutionary institution in the United States is The National School of Elocution and Oratory, Odd Fellows’ Temple, Broad and Cherry Streets, Philadelphia.

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Its students and graduates are to be found in all parts of this country and Canada, occupying prominent positions as public readers, teachers of elocution, clergymen, lecturers, actors, etc.

The instruction is thorough in all that pertains to a well rounded elocutionary education.

The School has a corps of excellent teachers, each a specialist in his own department, and all facilities are first-class.

In addition to the regular Day Classes there are also Evening and Saturday courses.

Special Summer course. Private instruction. Graduating courses one and two years. Illustrated catalogue giving full information sent on application.

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_The Standard Visible Writer_]

Oliver truths are convincing and converting

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Transcriber's Notes

A number of typographical errors were corrected silently.

Cover image is in the public domain.

Added major heading “Advertisements” to separate main body from advertisements.

“Advertisements” was added to the Table of Contents.