Chapter XIV: Appendix: II

A. B.
THERMOMETRIC OBSERVATIONS IN EAST AFRICA.

Appendix A.

OBSERVATIONS TAKEN IN ZANZIBAR TOWN, BETWEEN MARCH, 1853, AND JUNE,
1853.

────────────────────────────┬──────────┬──────────┬──────────┬──────────
Register. │ March, │ April, │ May, │ June,
│ 1853. │ 1853. │ 1853. │ 1853.
────────────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────┼──────────┼──────────
Extreme height of barometer │ 30.140 │ 30.100 │ 30.200 │ 30.272
during the month │ │ │ │
Extreme depression │ 29.892 │ 29.938 │ 29.990 │ 30.088
” ” ” │ │ │ │
Mean of barometer at sunrise│ 30.044 │ 30.023 │ 30.114 │ 30.166
” ” 10 A.M.│ 30.061 │ 30.029 │ 30.116 │ 30.189
” ” 4 P.M.│ 29.985 │ 29.992 │ 30.080 │ 30.135
” ” 10 P.M.│ 30.016 │ 30.016 │ 30.084 │ 30.157
Extreme height of dry │ 90° │ 87° │ 86° │ 81°
thermometer during the │ │ │ │
month │ │ │ │
Extreme depression │ 79° │ 76° │ 72° │ 73°
” ” │ │ │ │
Mean of thermometer at │ 83°.290 │ 80°.766 │ 77°.807 │ 75°.300
sunrise │ │ │ │
” ” 10 A.M.│ 84°.096 │ 82°.366 │ 79°.450 │ 77°.600
” ” 4 P.M.│ 85°.193 │ 82°.966 │ 79°.419 │ 78°.800
” ” 10 P.M.│ 83°.806 │ 82°.166 │ 78°.677 │ 77°.866
Greatest difference between │ 8° │ 8° │ 8° │ 11°
dry and wet bulbs │ │ │ │
least ” ” ” │ 4° │ 2° │ 2° │ 5°
Extreme fall of rain, inches│ 1.7 │ 3.76 │ 5.63 │ none
Total fall of rain, inches │ 5.34 │ 18.34 │ 24.03 │ none
General direction of wind at│N. and E. │ S.W. │ S.W. │ S.W.
sunrise. │ │ │ │
” ” 10 A.M.│N. and W. │ S.W. │ S.W. │ S.W.
” ” 4 P.M.│N. and W. │ S.W. and │ S.W. │ S.W.
│ │ S.E. │ │
” ” 10 P.M.│ S.E. and │ S.W. and │ S.W. │ S.W. and
│ N.E. │ S.E. │ │ S.E.
│ │ │ │
NOTE. The evaporating dish │ │ │ │
had not reached Zanzibar │ │ │ │
when these observations │ │ │ │
were recorded. │ │ │ │
N.B. Medium temperature │ │ │ │
generally assumed to be │ │ │ │
79° (F.), and the mercury │ │ │ │
rarely rises above 89° │ │ │ │
(F.) │ │ │ │

OBSERVATIONS TAKEN IN ZANZIBAR TOWN, BETWEEN JULY, 1853, AND
FEBRUARY, 1854.

───────────────────────────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬────────┬─────────
Register. │ July, │November,│December,│January,│February,
│ 1853. │ 1853. │ 1853. │ 1854. │ 1854.
───────────────────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────
Extreme height of barometer │ 30.362 │ 30.184 │ 30.132 │ 30.142 │ 30.104
during the month │ │ │ │ │
Extreme depression │ 30.112 │ 29.886 │ 29.928 │ 29.900 │ 29.850
” ” ” │ │ │ │ │
Mean of barometer at sunrise │ 30.227 │ 30.120 │ 30.050 │ 30.035 │ 30.023
” ” 10 A.M.│ 30.237 │ 30.132 │ 30.068 │ 30.049 │ 30.051
” ” 3 P.M.│ 30.190 │ 30.050 │ 29.993 │ 29.986 │ 29.961
” ” 10 P.M.│ 30.181 │ 30.088 │ 30.014 │ 29.977 │ 29.986
Extreme height of dry thermo- │ 82° │ 88° │ 89° │ 90° │ 90°
meter during the month │ │ │ │ │
Extreme depression │ 70° │ 75° │ 77° │ 82° │ 78°
” ” ” │ │ │ │ │
Mean of thermometer at sunrise │ 74°.645 │ 80°.066 │ 82°.030 │83°.580 │ 83°.892
” ” 10 A.M.│ 77°.741 │ 83°.300 │ 84°.483 │85°.870 │ 86°
” ” 4 P.M.│ 78°.483 │ 84°.666 │ 86°.095 │86°.741 │ 87°
” ” 10 P.M.│ 78°.064 │ 84°.433 │ 85°.129 │86°.161 │ 86°.535
Greatest difference between │ 11° │ 11° │ 11° │ 10° │ 11°
dry and wet bulbs │ │ │ │ │
Least ” ” ” │ 3° │ 3° │ 3° │ 5° │ 5°
Extreme fall of rain, inches │ 0.96 │ 2.34 │ 2.10 │ 2.32 │ 1.84
Total fall of rain, inches │ 1.38 │ 11.80 │ 7.90 │ 12.14 │ 3.44
General direction of wind │ S.W. │S.E. and │ N.E. │ N.E. │ N.E.
│ │ S.W. │ │ │
at sunrise │ │ │ │ │
” ” 10 A.M.│ S.W. │S.E. and │ N.E. │ N.E. │ N.E.
│ │ S.W. │ │ │
” ” 4 P.M.│S.W. and │ S.W. │ N.E. │ N.E. │ N.E.
│ S.E. │ │ │ │
” ” 10 P.M.│S.W. and │ S.W. │N.E. and │ N.E. │ N.E.
│ S.E. │ │ S.E. │ │
───────────────────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────
│ Total │Greatest │ Least │ │
│ evap- │ evap- │ evap- │ │
│ oration │ oration │ oration │ │
│ │ in │ in │ │
│ during │ any one │ any one │ │
│ the │ day. │ day. │ │
│ month. │ │ │ │
The evaporating dish showed│ │ │ │ │
In January (1857)inches│ 2.36 │ .09 │ .04 │ │
February ” ” │ 2.19 │ .10 │ .05 │ │
March ” ” │ 2.49 │ .09 │ .06 │ │
April ” ” │ 1.76 │ .10 │ .03 │ │

_APPENDIX B._

OBSERVATIONS MADE AT PANGA-NI AND CHOGWE, FEBRUARY 1857.

───────┬────────────────┬────────────────┬────────────────────────────
Date. │10 A.M. │4 P.M. │Remarks.
───────┼────────────────┼────────────────┼────────────────────────────
4 Feb. │85° │86° 30′ │In house Panga-ni: long
│ │ │ upper room, open to E. and
│ │ │ S. Clear day, fine breeze
│ │ │ from E.
5 ” │87° │86° │
6 ” │87° │89° in boat │Sky clear. High E. wind.
│ │ │ Scud at night.
7 ” │92° } │91° } │Wind N.E. Stars and
│ } hut │ } hut │ moon hidden by scud.
8 ” │89° 30′ } at │90° 30′ } at │At midnight 74°. Heavy
│ } Chogwe│ } Chogwe│ dew. Scud at night.
│ } │ } │ Rain in mountains.
9 ” │78° 30′ │79° │Both obs. made in Tongwe
│ │ │ Fort.
10 ” │85° │ │Obs. taken in shade of rock.
│ │ │ Jungle below Tongwe. Very
│ │ │ hot day.
───────┼────────────────┼────────────────┼────────────────────────────
Sums │604° 0′ │522° 0′ │B. P. Therm, by Newman at
│ │ │ Panga-ni, 212.2 Temp. 85°
│ │ │ Chogway, 212.1 ” 89°
│ │ │ Tongwe, 208.8 ” 81°
Means │86° 17′ │87° 0′ │

OBSERVATIONS MADE ON ROUTE TO FUGA, FEBRUARY, 1857.

───────┬───────────────┬───────────────┬──────────────────────────────
DATE. │ 10 A.M. │ 4 P.M. │ REMARKS
───────┼───────────────┼───────────────┼──────────────────────────────
11 ” │91° (Nullah) │99° (Do.) │N. E. wind. Flaming day. Clear
│ │ │ evening and night.
12 ” │86° 30′ (hut at│96° │Cloudy morn. Hot day. At night
│ Kohode facing│ │ sheet-lightning over
│ N.) │ │ Usumbara hills.
13 ” │87° (tree │92° (3 P.M.) │Wind N. E. Lightning at night.
│ facing N.) │ │ Heavy nimbus from Usumbara,
│ │ │ rain coming up against wind.
14 ” │85° (ditto) │81° Pasunga │S.W. RAINY MONSOON BEGINS.
│ │ under shed │ S.W. wind. Cloudy day. Storm
│ │ │ at 4 P.M. Therm. 76°.
15 ” │80° (shed) │75° hill-top │S.W. wind. Rain in morn and at
│ │ │ night. Mists over hills.
│ │ │ Clouds.
16 ” │79° (hut Fuga) │73° (hut) │N.E. wind. No sun or stars for
│ │ │ lights. Rain at night.
17 ” │72° (hut below │90° Pasunga │S.W. wind. Stormy. Heavy rain
│ Fuga in rain)│ │ 9 to 10 A. M. Canopus
│ │ │ visible.
───────┼───────────────┼───────────────┼──────────────────────────────
Sums │580° 30′ │606° │B. P. at
│ │ │ Kohode, 209.8 ” 80°
│ │ │ Msiki Mguru, 209.8 ” 80°
Means │82° 51′ │86° 34′ │ Pasunga, 209.8 ” 85°
│ │ │ Fuga, 205.0 ” 79°

OBSERVATIONS MADE ON RETURN TO CHOGWE, FEBRUARY, 1857.

───────┬───────────────┬───────────────┬────────────────────────────── Date. │ 10 A.M. │ 4 P.M. │ Remarks. ───────┼───────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────────────────── 18 Feb.│79° (open air) │ │ 19 ” │93° (tree) │84° │At Kizanga. N.E. wind. Rained │ │ │ half day. At noon in shade │ │ │ 101°. During storm 76°. 20 ” │89° ditto │90° } │N.E. wind. Rain ceased. │ │ } Hut, │Stinging sun. Cloudy night. 21 ” │ │87° } Chogwe │N.E. wind. Cloudy. Veiled sky. 22 ” │84° } │86° } │Nimbus from S.W. against wind. │ │ │ No rain. 23 ” │92° } Hut, │ │N.E. wind. Close, cloudy, │ │ │ dusty │ } Chogwe │ │ weather. Hot night. 24 ” │90° } │ │Hot air. Close and cloudy. │ │ │ Dust like sand. ───────┼───────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────────────────── Sums │527° │347° │ Means │87° 50′ │86° 45′ │

OBSERVATIONS MADE ON RETURN TO PANGA-NI, FEBRUARY, 1857.

───────┬────────────────────┬────────────────────┬──────────────────────── Date. │ 10 A.M. │ 4 P.M. │ Remarks. ───────┼────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────────── 25 Feb.│90° │89° │Both in hut, Chogwe. │ │ │ N.E. wind, fine day., 26 ” │86° │82° │Both in boat. N.E. wind. │ │ │ Very hot sun. Clear │ │ │ night. 27 ” │82° 30′ } │85° 30′ } │Leakage, 10 A.M. │ } Governor’s│ } Governor’s│ Hot night. Cold dews. 28 ” │ } House │85° 30′ } House │Ditto. Clear hot day. │ } Panga-ni │ } │ Cloudy night. 1 March│84° 30′ } │85° 30′ } │Ditto. Cloudy morn. │ } │ } │ Fine clear day. ───────┼────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────────── Sums │343° │427° │ │ │30′ │ Means │85° 45′ │85° 30′ │