Chapter I: Part 1

Transcriber's note: The listed Addenda & Corrigenda have been applied.

* * * * *

Zoological Illustrations,

OR

ORIGINAL FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS

OF

NEW, RARE, OR INTERESTING

ANIMALS,

SELECTED CHIEFLY FROM THE CLASSES OF

Ornithology, Entomology, and Conchology,

AND ARRANGED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF

CUVIER AND OTHER MODERN ZOOLOGISTS.

* * * * *

BY

WILLIAM SWAINSON, F.R.S., F.L.S.,

MEMBER OF THE WERNERIAN SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH, ETC.

* * * * *

VOL. II.

* * * * *

London:

PRINTED BY JAMES MOYES, GREVILLE STREET;

FOR BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY, PATERNOSTER-ROW; AND W. WOOD, STRAND.

* * * * *

1821-2.

* * * * *

TO

SIR JAMES EDWARD SMITH, M. D.

FOUNDER AND PRESIDENT OF

THE LINNAEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON,

FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY, AND MEMBER OF THE PRINCIPAL SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES BOTH IN EUROPE AND AMERICA,

THE FIRST AND SECOND VOLUMES

OF

Zoological Illustrations

ARE DEDICATED,

AS A SMALL, BUT SINCERE TRIBUTE TO THE EMINENT TALENTS OF

THE PHILOSOPHER,

AND THE EXCELLENT QUALITIES OF

THE MAN.

* * * * *

Pl. 67

HALCYON cinnamominus,

_Cinnamon Crabeater._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 26.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_H. caeruleo viridis; pileo, collo, plumisque totis subtus pallide
cinnamominis; auribus viridibus; nucha torque nigro gracili ornata._

Blue-green; upper part of the head, neck, and all beneath, pale
cinnamon colour; ears green; round the nape a slender black collar.

* * * * *

As far as I can ascertain, this beautifully coloured bird is quite new, and hitherto undescribed. It is in the possession of Mr. Leadbeater, of Brewer Street, by whom it was received from New Zealand; and who gave me the opportunity of now publishing the accompanying figure and description.

The two extreme points of difference in the Linnaean kingfishers, are seen in the _Alcedo Ispida_, and _A. gigantea_; the last of which has been made into the genus _Dacelo_. It will, nevertheless, be found, that from among the birds left in the old genus, there are a great number, (of which, indeed, this bird is a striking example,) which are much nearer allied to _Dacelo_ than to _Alcedo_, where they now stand. It will appear, therefore, more natural to consider _Halcyon_ and _Dacelo_ as one genus--which may be called by either name, but which must be distinguished by the characters herein given to _Halcyon_, inasmuch as the generic definition of _Dacelo_ (founded on one bird) will be found too restricted to comprehend all.

Total length ten inches; bill two and a half from the gape, and one and a half from the nostrils; the tip of the upper mandible with a slight inclination downwards, and with an appearance of a notch; the whole head, neck, and under plumage, of a delicate fawn colour; under wing covers the same; the remaining upper plumage, with the wings and tail, changeable blue green; ears sea green and dusky, united to a narrow black nuchal collar; wings four inches long, and the tail, which is even, three and a quarter; the hind head is slightly crested, and the feet pale brown.

* * * * *

Pl. 68

POGONIAS rubrifrons,

_Red-fronted Toothbill._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.

_Rostrum mediocre, crassum, validum, basi latiore quam altiore,
vibrissis longis incumbentibus tecta, lateribus ultra basin compressis,
culmine arcuato, subcarinato; mandibulae superioris margine dentibus 1
vel 2 armato, mandibulae inferioris marginem obtegente. Nares
approximantes, parvae, rotundae, per rostri basin perforatae. Pedes
scansorii, digitis posticis versatilibus._

Typus Genericus _Bucco Dubius_ Lath.

Bill moderate, thick, strong, the base broader than high, with long
incumbent bristles, the sides beyond compressed, the top arched, and
slightly carinated; upper mandible with one or two strong teeth on each
side, the margin folding over that of the lower mandible; nostrils
approximating, small, round, perforated through the base of the bill.
Feet scansorial. Hind toe versatile.

Generic Type _Doubtful Barbut_ Lath.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_P. niger; sincipite juguloque rubris; alis et cauda fuscis; tegminum
margine externo albo, remigum fulvo._

Glossy black; forepart of the head and throat red; wings and tail
brown; external margin of the covers white, and of the quills yellow.

* * * * *

The Linnaean Barbuts, comprehended by Latham under one genus, contain three distinct groups of birds; which, from their peculiar characters, no less than their geographic position, have now received generic distinctions. The first of these (which are still retained under the old genus,) are natives of Asia; the next in affinity were first characterized by Illiger under the name of _Pogonias_, and are distributed on the African continent; while the prototype genus in America is _Tamatia_ (Cuvier), in which continent not any of the two preceding have been found: thus each quarter of the globe lying within the tropics have their corresponding groups of a family, possessing a general, but at the same time an individuality of character.

I am obliged to Mr. Leadbeater for the opportunity of figuring this new and rare species, which he believes to have come from Sierra Leone. Its total length was six inches; the under-covers of the wings white; the tail two inches long, the feathers broad and even.

* * * * *

Pl. 69

THECLA Galathea,

_Red-bordered Hair-streak._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.

_Antennae clavo elongato, compresso, obtuso terminatae. Palpi exserti,
recti, approximantes, squamis obtecti, imberbes, articulo ultimo nudo,
gracili, acuto. Oculi semicirculares. Alae anticae trigonae; posticae
dentatae, caudatae, lobo ad angulum analem obtuso, concavo, quem
sedentes vibrant, instructae. Thorax validus. Abdomen gracile._

Typus Genericus _Papilio Betulae, &c._ Lin.

Antennae ending in a lengthened, compressed, and obtuse club. Palpi
exserted, approximating, covered with scales, but without hairs, the
last joint naked, slender, acute. Eyes semi-circular. Anterior wings
trigonal, the hinder dentated, generally tailed, with an obtuse concave
lobe at their anal angle, which is generally in motion when the insect
is at rest. Thorax strong; body slender.

Generic Type _Papilio Betulae, &c._ Lin.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_T. alis fuscis, colore violaceo nitidis, posticis caudatis, margine
rubro, subtus maculo nigro lunulaque rubra ornatis; lobo anali supra
aerato, subtus nigro._

Wings brown, glossed with violet; posterior tailed, with a red margin,
beneath with a black spot and red lunule, anal lobe above bronzed,
beneath black.

* * * * *

The beautiful little Butterflies included by Fabricius in this genus, are scattered over all parts of the world, but are most numerous within the tropics, and particularly in South America, for in Brazil alone I collected near 120 species. They are an obvious and very natural family, though the species are as yet but little understood, and not one half of them described. I have observed a singular peculiarity in a great many of these insects, which is, that when they are at rest in the sun, the lower wings are constantly in a quick vibrating motion up and down, as if the insect was rubbing them together, more particularly where the two lobes (or obtuse tails) of the under wings meet, though what purpose this is intended to accomplish remains unknown.

The upper surface of the wings in the greatest number of the _Hair streaks_ (as they are aptly called by English collectors) are of various shades of vivid blue, so that the species can only be ascertained from the under markings, which are usually very striking and delicate: they are all of a small size.

This is an African species, and both sexes are in the cabinet of my friend Mr. Haworth.

* * * * *

Pl. 70

CONUS terebra,

_Screw Cone._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 65.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_C. cylindraceo-elongatus, albidus, striis transversis elevatis,
fasciisque binis flavescentibus, spira crassa obtusa._ Lam.

Cylindric elongated; whitish, with two yellowish bands, and transverse
elevated striae; spire thick, obtuse.

Conus Terebellum. _Gmelin_, p. 3390. 44. (omitting the varieties).
_Martini_ 2. _tab._ 52. _fig._ 577. _Seba_, 42. _fig._ 13. (uncoated).
_Ency. Meth._ 339. _fig._ 1.

Conus Terebra. _Lamarck._ _Annal. du Mus._ vol. xv. p. 427. _no._ 144.
_Var._ A, without bands.

_Ency. Methodique_, 339. _fig._ 2.

* * * * *

Though this is not an uncommon Shell, it is rarely seen so large as that now represented from the cabinet of Mrs. Bolton of Storrs. Of this extensive genus Lamarck has written a valuable account in the Annals of the French Museum, where he has rightly pointed out the mistake of Gmelin in placing as varieties of this species, one or two other very distinct shells: the colour of the bands is not always certain, for I have seen specimens in which they were of a dark brown; but the very thick spire, and slender form of the body whirl, with the distant, regular, and greatly elevated striae, render it a species not easily mistaken, though in general form it comes very near to _C. nussatella_, and two or three others; the spiral volutions are deeply concave, and the tip and base tinged with violet.

It is a native of the Indian seas.

* * * * *

Pl. 71

STROMBUS mutabilis,

_Little pink-mouthed Strombus._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 10.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_S. anfractu basali nodoso; spira brevi tantum non laevi; linea sulcata
suturae parallela; labio exteriore supra gibbo, margine recto,
interiore crasso, cum exteriore striato; apertura pallide rubicunda,
basi truncata._

Basal whirl nodulous; spire short, nearly smooth, with a sulcated line
parallel with the suture; outer lip above gibbous, the margin straight;
inner lip thick, both striated; aperture flesh colour; base truncated.

_Seba_, _tab._ 61. _fig._ 26 & 27, 32 & 33, 54. _tab._ 62. _fig._ 42 &
43? _Martini_ 3. _tab._ 77, 799. _fig._ 78, 807. _Knorr._ 2, 14. _fig._
3. _Rump._ 37. W.

* * * * *

The specific distinction given by Linnaeus to _Strombus urceus_ is so loose, that his followers have referred all the small species of this genus to the numerous varieties he has quoted, though few will doubt that many permanent species have been thus overlooked; among these the one now characterized is an example, the most striking distinctions of which are in the spire being never plaited, and always much shorter than the mouth, which latter is either nearly white, or of a flesh colour; in its external colouring no two specimens will be found alike. It is not an uncommon shell from the East Indies, and seldom grows larger than the figure.

* * * * *

STROMBUS dilatatus,

_Winged Strombus--middle figures._

* * * * *

_S. testa transverse striata; spira mediocri, plicis numerosis gracilibus; labio exteriore dilatato, rotundato, crassissimo, reflexo; interiore supra crassescente, medio laevi; apertura striata._

Shell transversely striated; spire moderate, with slender numerous plaits; outer lip dilated, rounded, very thick, and reflected; inner lip thickened above, smooth in the middle; aperture striated.

* * * * *

An undescribed species, and of the greatest rarity, for I have never seen any other specimen, than one in my own cabinet, although perfect in form, it is obviously faded in colour; yet it is too remarkable to be mistaken for any other of this interesting family, which requires so much illustration.

* * * * *

Pl. 72

POGONIAS hirsutus,

_Hairy-breasted Toothbill._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 68.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_P. supra fuscus, maculis sulphureis, subtus sulphureus maculis nigris
interstinctus, capite juguloque nigris; pectoris plumis elongatis,
pilis setaceis terminatis._

Above brown, spotted with sulphur; beneath sulphureous, with black
spots; head and chin black; feathers of the breast lengthened, and
ending in long setaceous hairs.

* * * * *

I have before observed, that this genus of birds was first characterized under the name of _Pogonias_, by Illiger, in 1811; some years after (1815), M. Vieillot changed the name to _Pogonia_, without taking any notice of Illiger's denomination, and Dr. Leach has followed Vieillot without probably being aware of the plagiarism; Vieillot's name must, however, be expunged, as Mr. Brown has some time back affixed the name of _Pogonia_ to a remarkable genus of plants.

Total length about seven inches; bill blueish black, one inch two lines long, and large in proportion; the tooth in the middle very prominent; behind the eye is a short white stripe, and another much longer begins from the under mandible, and goes half way down the neck; the chin and part of the throat, together with the head and neck above, deep black, which changes to a dark brown on the back, wings, covers, and tail; a small round sulphur spot is on the tip of each feather of the hind head, back, and lesser wing covers; the quills pale brown, margined with sulphur; the under plumage is greenish sulphur, closely spotted with blackish; the most extraordinary peculiarity of this bird consists in the feathers of the breast, which are more rigid than the others, pointed, and the shaft of the lower ones ending in fine incurved setaceous hairs, many of which are near an inch long. The probable use this particular formation is intended for, it is impossible to conjecture.

Mr. B. Leadbeater, to whom I am often obliged for the inspection of rare subjects, received this from Africa, and it is the only individual of the species I ever heard of.

* * * * *

Pl. 73

PSITTACUS pulchellus,

_Turcosine Parrakeet._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 1.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_P. macrourus, supra viridis, subtus fulvus; sincipite, genis,
tegminibusque cyaneis, remigibus caeruleis; rectricibus lateralibus
fulvis._

Long-tailed Parrakeet, green above; yellow beneath; forepart of the
head, cheeks, and wing covers light blue; quills deep blue; lateral
tail feathers yellow.

_Shaw, Naturalist's Misc._ 3. _pl._ 96. _Latham, Suppl._ 2. _p._ 88.
_no._ 14.

_La Perruche Edwards, Le Vaillant_, _pl._ 68. (female). _Gen. Zool._ 8,
470.

* * * * *

It is impossible to represent this superbly coloured little creature in its full beauty, though the figure will not be found very defective. The only representation of the male is in the Naturalist's Miscellany, where it cannot be recognized, and Le Vaillant's is of the female, which differs considerably from the other sex. It is a rare species, and peculiar to New Holland.

Length nine inches, with the tail, which is near four inches and a half; the upper part of the plumage olive green, not so bright as is usual in this tribe; the front of the head is a most brilliant turcosine blue, which spreads on the cheeks, nearly to the ears, and then mixes with the green; the shoulders and lesser wing covers of the same colour, graduating to a deep mazarine blue on the greater covers, spurious wings, and quill feathers, which latter are all deep black beneath, as well as on their interior shafts; at the base of the shoulders is a large irregular patch of dull red, partially hid by the scapulars; the under plumage is yellow, tinged with olive on the throat and breast, and verging towards orange on the belly; tail feathers narrow and pointed, mostly green, with the inner shafts blueish, and margined with black; the three outer on each side nearly yellow, the next tipt only with that colour; under the wings brilliant blue, the greater covers and quills deep black; bill very small; upper mandible without a notch, and blackish; lower very convex, and, with the legs, flesh colour.

The female figured by Le Vaillant is much less brilliant in all its colours, and without the red mark on the shoulders.

* * * * *

Pl. 74

ACHATINA fasciata,

_Chesnut-banded Achatina._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 30.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_A. testa alba fasciis latis lineisque castaneis ornata; spira
elongata, crassescente; labio interiore semi-circulari, intus depresso;
columella truncata, emarginata._

Shell white, with broad chesnut bands and lines; spire elongated,
thickened; inner lip semi-circular, depressed within; columella
truncated, emarginate.

Bulla fasciata. _Gmelin_ 3430, 25. _Martini_ 9. _tab._ 117, 1004 to 6.

_Lister_ 12, 7. _Seba_, _tab._ 39. _fig._ 62 to 74. _Gualtieri_, _tab._
6. _fig._ C.

* * * * *

Having figured two or three species allied to this shell, it appears advisable to subjoin a more particular notice of it, and to point out those characters by which it may be detected through its numerous variations: this has been endeavoured in the specific character now formed, and appears to rest principally on the inner lip, which is always semicircular, down which, if closely examined inside, there is a depression as if it had been pared down with a knife; the base of the pillar also is so strongly truncated as to appear notched, and the broadest part of the mouth is always in the middle; these characters have been very ill attended to in all the figures above quoted, of which Seba gives no less than eleven, which vary only in the disposition and number of their bands.

Gualtieri's figure at _tab._ 6. _fig._ D, is an admirable representation of _A. pallida_, which, not having his work before me at the time, I could not quote; the other at C is a very good one of the present shell. The upper drawing is from one in my own cabinet; the lower is in the possession of Mr. C. Dubois, who is continually adding to his fine and valuable collection.

It is almost unnecessary to contradict the opinion of some writers who have fancied this a _fresh-water_ shell. It is not uncommon, but seldom seen in perfection.

* * * * *

Pl. 75

NATICA spadicea,

_Banded Natica._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.

_Testa subglobosa seu ovalis, umbilicata. Spira depressa, brevissima.
Columella umbilici medio terminans. Apertura semiorbicularis, operculo
corneo vel testaceo clausa. Animal marinum, pede maximo; oculis ad
basin duorum tentaculorum simplicium positis._

Typus Genericus _Nerita Glaucina_ Pennant.

Shell nearly globose, or oval, umbilicated. Spire depressed, very
small. Columella terminating in the middle of the umbilicus. Aperture
semi-circular, operculum either horny or testaceous. Animal marine,
with a large foot; the eyes placed at the base of two simple tentacula.

Generic Type _Nerita Glaucina_ Pennant, &c.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_N. testa sub-globosa, fusca, albo fulvoque fasciata, juxta suturam
striata; labio exteriore supra leviter emarginato; umbilico magno,
aperto; columella obsolete terminante._

Shell sub-globose, striated near the suture, brown, banded with white
and fulvous; outer lip above slightly emarginate; umbilicus large,
open; pillar termination nearly obsolete.

_Martini_ 5. _pl._ 187. _fig._ 1872 _&_ 3. _fig._ 1874 & 5? _pl._ 188.
_fig._ 1896, 8 _&_ 9.

_Seba_, _pl._ 38. _fig._ 66. _pl._ 41. _fig._ 14, 15.

* * * * *

The Shells of this genus are composed of such of the Linnaean _Nerits_ as are umbilicated, from which latter they essentially differ, both in the organization of the animal and the construction of the shell, which is either closed by a shelly or horny operculum.

The species are numerous, and are found both in temperate and tropical seas; two or three inhabit our own coasts, but by far the greater number are found in the Asiatic Ocean. They are subject to variation in their colour; and this, joined with a general resemblance in form, has rendered the discrimination of the species very difficult. I have, however, remarked, that the various modifications of the umbilicus, and the termination of the pillar (which is indicated in many species by an elevated ridge or rib within the umbilicus) is a certain and constant indication, presenting the same peculiarity through all the individuals of a species, even in the young state. This termination of the pillar has been mistaken for the inner lip, which, on the contrary, is always above the umbilicus, which, if closed, is not closed by the lip, but by the thickened termination of the pillar or columella.

The two most striking varieties are here figured of this species, which is sufficiently described in the specific character. I believe it is found both in the Mediterranean and Red Seas.

* * * * *

Pl. 76

MEROPS Savignii,

_Black-capped Bee-eater._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 8.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_M. viridis, subtus albescens, uropygio caudaque caeruleis; vertice,
striga oculari, fasciaque lata collari nigris; mento, superciliisque
albis; rectricibus mediis elongatis._

Green; beneath whitish; rump and tail blue; crown of the head, eye
stripe, and broad band across the neck, black; chin and eye-brows
white; two middle tail feathers lengthened.

* * * * *

This Bird was pointed out to me by Professor Temminck as described by Le Vaillant in his work on this family, under the name here given; on this authority, therefore, I have been obliged to rest, for I have in vain turned over the catalogues of all the public libraries in the metropolis, in the hope of seeing the work, and ascertaining the fact. The book is modern, and, though expensive, one of standard excellence; but a princely fortune is necessary to purchase such a library as a student should have access to.

Total length eight inches and a half; size rather less than the common bee-eater; the crown in young birds is greenish, in some a dull brown, and in others deep black, margined in the front and sides of the head with a line of white; the ears black, uniting to a broad band across the neck of the same colour, which is margined on the lower part with beautiful sea blue; the nape of the neck, inner covers, and quill feathers, greenish fawn colour; the lesser quills tipt with black; the rump, tail, and outside of the quills next the body changeable greenish blue; the back and upper covers green beneath; the chin is white; the body tinged with greenish, and the under tail covers with blue: the tail three inches long, and in such specimens as have the two middle feathers lengthened, three and a half; bill and feet black.

Inhabits Sierra Leone, and other parts of Africa.

* * * * *

Pl. 77

BOTIS,

_Gauze-wing._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.

_Antennae setaceae. Alae trigonae, insecto sedente, cum corpore
triangulum subhorizontale efficientes, superiores margine externo
recto. Palpi quatuor exserti. Lingua conspicua._ Latreille, _Gen. Ins._
4. p. 229.

Typus Genericus _Ph. Urticata_ Lin. &c.

Antennae setaceous. Wings trigonal, forming a nearly horizontal angle
with the body when the insect is at rest. The outer margin of the
anterior wings straight. Palpi four, exserted. Tongue conspicuous.

Generic Type _Ph. Urticata_ Lin. &c.

Botys. _Latreille._

* * * * *

BOTIS marginata,

_Pink-margined Gauze-wing._

* * * * *

_B. alis hyalinis, stramineis, apicibus margineque flexuoso
rubro-purpureis._

Wings hyaline; pale fulvous; the margins and tips with a waved reddish
purple border.

P. Marginata. _Cramer_, _pl._ 400. I.--P. Simiata. _Fab. Ent. Sys._ 3.
208.

* * * * *

There appears no end to the immense number of species referrible to this genus, which will perhaps be found the most extensive tropical group of all the Linnaean _Phalaenidae._ Of these, near eighty species I found in Brazil; Dr. Horsfield has brought a great many from Java; near fifty are found in North America, and I have little doubt that the whole number existing in the cabinets which I have inspected may amount to about three hundred and fifty. The thorough investigation of these is a work of no ordinary labour; and, until this is done, it appears most advisable to let the generic distinction remain, as given by Latreille, though there can be no doubt that among them distinct groups will be detected.

Cramer's figure will not indicate even the genus, and Fabricius describes the body as white; the tip ferruginous; in this it is yellow, tipped with red.

Mr. Haworth obliged me with this insect, which Fabricius notes as African.

* * * * *

BOTIS bicolor,

_Black and White Gauze-wing._

* * * * *

_B. alis anticis fuscis, punctis duabus angulatis transversis albis;
posticis ad basin albis._

Anterior wings, brown, with two transverse angulated white spots;
posterior white at the base.

* * * * *

From the same collection as the preceding; the margin of the thorax and body are white. I apprehend it is an American species, which is distinct from any figured by Cramer, the principal author on the Exotic Lepidoptera.

* * * * *

Pl. 78

PICUS affinis,

_Golden-naped Woodpecker._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 14.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_P. supra aureo-fuscus, subtus pallidus, fasciis nigris transversis
ornatus; capite (in maribus) rubro; nucha colloque supra aureis;
tectricibus secundis fulvo maculatis; cauda nigra, fasciis fulvis
ornata._

Above, orange brown; beneath, pale, with transverse black stripes; head
(in the male) red; nape and neck, above, golden yellow; lesser wing
covers with yellowish spots; tail black, with yellowish bands.

* * * * *

Ornithologists have either entirely overlooked this bird, or have slightly noticed it as a variety of _Picus icterocephalus_, the golden-headed Woodpecker, from which it is nevertheless quite distinct.

Total length near seven inches; bill blackish horn colour, and one inch long from the gape; the feathers on the upper part of the head are short and pointed; the tips bright red; the base black; on the hind head they are longer, and change to a bright golden yellow, which spreads round the nape; the ear feathers and front of the head are greyish brown, striped down the middle with whitish, and in some there is an appearance of a whitish line over the eye, joining the nape. The upper parts of the body and wings are of a rich golden brown, with indistinct brighter spots; the lesser wing covers have a whitish spot at the top of each, forming two bands; quills on the inner shaft black, with white spots. Under plumage grey, tinged on the breast with rufous, and banded with brownish black; tail short, black, with interrupted transverse bands of obscure olive.

The female has the head blackish, the feathers tipt with dull white; the ears darker; the plumage above more olive, the spots brighter, and the bands on the body grey, paler, and more indistinct than in the male. The feet in both sexes are greenish, and the wings three inches and a half long.

It inhabits Brasil, but is not common; I found it both in the Province of Bahia, and that of Rio de Janeiro.

* * * * *

Pl. 79

NATICA mustelina,

_Belted Natica_--_upper figures_.

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 75.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_N. testa subglobosa, mustelina concolore, obsolete rugata, fascia
levata basin cingente; spira depressa, apice acuto; umbilico magno,
aperto; columellae basi gracili, levata._

Shell sub-globose, uniform, fulvous-brown, obsoletely wrinkled, base
with an elevated belt; spire depressed, the tip acute; umbilicus large,
open; pillar termination slender, elevated, and central.

* * * * *

The elevated belt at the base affords an excellent distinction to this species. The specimen in my cabinet is the only one I have seen. Locality unknown.

* * * * *

NATICA sordida,

_Brown Natica--middle figures._

* * * * *

_N. testa subglobosa, fused, spira prominente; apertura intus
fusco-purpurea; umbilico parvo, labio interiore paululum tecto;
columella obsolete terminante._

Shell sub-globose, brown; spire prominent; aperture within purplish
brown; umbilicus small, partially covered by the inner lip; pillar
termination obsolete.

* * * * *

This Shell is both undescribed and apparently unfigured; the spire is more elevated than usual; the umbilicus small; and the termination of the pillar not seen: it is not uncommon, and is often much larger than here represented, but I am unacquainted with its locality. The little decision in the figures given by authors of these shells, renders it hazardous to quote them with certainty.

* * * * *

NATICA melastoma,

_Black-mouthed Natica--lower figures._

* * * * *

_N. testa depressa, fusca; spira complanata minima; ore intus
atro-purpureo; umbilico magno, clauso labio interiore rufo._

Shell depressed, brown; spire flattened, very small; mouth within
purplish black; umbilicus large, closed up by the inner lip, which is
rufous.

* * * * *

In colour this bears a close resemblance to the last, but the shell is flattened beneath, and the spire very short and depressed; the umbilicus large, but, in general, quite closed up by the thickness of the pillar, united to the inner lip. In some specimens a narrow crescent-shaped groove is left on the outside margin. Its habitat is unknown.

* * * * *

Pl. 80

HALIOTIS Californiensis,

_Small-holed Californian Ear-shell._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.

_Testa univalvis, depressissima, lata, auriformis. Discus admodum
perforatus. Spira minuta, depressa. Apertura testam magnitudine pene
aequans, intus margaritifera._

Typus Genericus _H. Tuberculata_ Linn. &c.

Shell univalve, greatly depressed, broad, ear-shaped, the disk with
many perforations. Spire minute, depressed. Aperture nearly as large as
the shell; inside pearly.

Generic Type _H. Tuberculata_ Linn. &c.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_H. Testa ovali, laevi, obscure thalassina; labio exteriore supra
immarginato, interiore lato, complanato, foraminibus numerosis,
minutis, orbicularibus, laevibus._

Shell ovate, smooth, obscure sea green; outer lip above immarginate;
inner lip broad, flat; perforations numerous, very small, orbicular and
smooth.

* * * * *

The Ear-shells are strangely characterized by their peculiarity of form, perforated holes, and rich pearly interior. They are found in both temperate and tropical seas; but the definitions hitherto given by conchologists are so imperfect, that they have left our knowledge of these shells nearly the same now, as in the time of Linnaeus. Seventeen species only are enumerated in Mr. Dillwyn's work; although thirty-four have fallen within my own observation the last few months.

The difference between this and the common black Californian Ear, consists in its being a much deeper and smoother shell, always narrowest at the base, the outer lip not having (as in that) a prominent curve or gibbosity where it joins the spire; but principally in the perforations, which in this are always half as large, and doubly numerous; it is also generally a much smaller, and less common species: the spire is always deeply tinged with pink. The genus _Padollus_, of Montford, resting entirely in the unevenness of the outer lip, without any knowledge of the animal, appears to me an unnecessary distinction, for such is the character of all young shells, and also of mature ones, whose outer surface is rugged or uneven.

* * * * *

Pl. 81

SPHINX Ello.

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.

_Antennae prismaticae, in utroque sexu ad medium leviter crassescentes,
externe breviter piloso baciliatae, mucrone arcuato, producto, sensim
terminantes. Palpi breves, obtusi. Lingua elongata, convoluta,
distincta, et in pupa aliquando porrecta. Alae sub-integrae. Abdomen
elongatum, conicum, ano acuto, imberbi._

Typus Genericus _Sphinx Convolvuli_ Linn.

Antennae three sided, in both sexes slightly thickened in the middle,
externally ciliated with double tufts of short hairs, and ending in a
gradually lengthened arcuated hook. Palpi short, obtuse. Tongue long,
convolute, distinct, sometimes porrected in the pupa state. Wings
nearly entire. Abdomen lengthened, conic; the tip pointed, and not
bearded.

Generic Type _Sphinx Convolvuli_ Linn.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_S. alis subdentatis, cinereis (in maribus lineis fuscis variatis);
posticis rufis, margine nigro; abdomine pallido, cingulis atris
circumdato._

Wings slightly dentated, cinereous (in the male variegated with brown
lines); posterior rufous, with a black margin; abdomen pale, with black
belts.

_Gmelin_ 5. 2375. 13. _Fab. Ent. Sys._ 3. 362. _no._ 21. S. Ello.
_Drury_, vol. i. p. 59. _pl._ 27. _fig._ 3. (_male._) _Cramer_, _pl._
301. D.

* * * * *

It is in all things better to understand few subjects well than many imperfectly; knowledge may be extensive, but it cannot be sound, if it is at the same time imperfect; and, applying this observation to the present article, it becomes as desirable, where necessary, to illustrate an insect known to Linnaeus, as to regard only the accession of new species.

The two insects figured were received from Jamaica by my friend Dr. Leach, and there can be no doubt they are the sexes of one species. The upper is a male, and agrees with Drury's figure and description; the lower insect is a female, of which no representation has been published: as for Cramer's figure, if intended for the former, it is really so bad that it can hardly be quoted as an authority, and it appears to have misled Fabricius, in thinking that the female insect had a brown stripe on the anterior wings, whereas that character is more applicable to the male.

The insects I propose retaining under this genus are such as have the body lengthened, pointed, and not bearded at the tip; the antennae but slightly thickened in the middle, and the terminating hook gradual, arched, and not very acute: these comprehend the first section of Latreille's genus, _Sphinx_, and are by him again divided into two groups, the one having the wings entire, the other angulated.

* * * * *

Pl. 82

TROCHILUS niger,

_Black Humming Bird._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.

_Rostrum elongatum, rectum vel arcuatum, flexile, gracillimum, ad basin
depressum, mandibula superiore inferiorem amplectente et tantum non
obtegente. Lingua jaculatoria, bifida, tubulata. Nares basales,
membrana tectae, apertura in longum fissa. Pedes sedentes, minimi. Alae
longissimae, subarcuatae, remigibus prioribus longissimis, caeteris
gradatim brevioribus._

Typus Genericus _T. Moschitus_ Linn.

Bill long, straight or curved, flexible, very slender, the base
depressed, the upper mandible folding over, and almost covering the
lower. Tongue long, extensible, bifid, and tubular. Nostrils basal,
covered by a membrane, and opening by a long slit. Feet sitting, very
small. Wings very long, curved, the outer quill longest, the rest
gradually becoming shorter.

Generic Type _Ruby-crested Humming Bird_ Lath.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_T. niger; auribus aliquando rufis; tectricibus, cauda uropygioque
colore subviridi nitidis; rectricium lateralium nivearum apicibus
colore chalybeio tinctis._

Black; the ears sometimes rufous; wing covers tail and rump glossed
with green; lateral tail feathers snowy, tipt with steel blue.

* * * * *

Like the resplendent jewels of the earth, the Humming Birds are the living gems of the air. United to the most delicate form, these fairies of creation have the dazzling effulgence of every tint that sparkles from the ruby, the topaz, the sapphire, and the emerald, lavished on their plumage; they seem created but for our admiration, to sport in the ardent beams of a tropical sun, and to feast on the nectar of the sweetest blossoms; and, like sparks of many coloured fire, they shoot from flower to flower, exulting in their little life of brightness and pleasure.

To return, however, to that now before us, it should be observed, that it is the only species whose plumage does not in any way accord with that of the rest of its brethren. No author appears to have described it, although I met with it very frequently in Brazil: a specimen in the British Museum has the ears reddish brown, but this seldom occurs. The figure is of the size of life. All the species are natives of tropical America.

* * * * *

Pl. 83

TROCHILUS falcatus,

_Sickle-winged Humming Bird._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 82.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_T. viridis, gula pectoreque nitide caeruleis; corpore anoque
caeruleo-viridibus; rectricibus paribus, rufo-cinnamominis; remigibus
exterioribus falcatis, scapis dilatato compressis._

Green; throat and breast shining blue; body and vent blue green; tail
even, rufous cinnamon; exterior quills falcated, the shafts dilated and
compressed.

* * * * *

Nothing can exceed the dazzling brilliancy of colours united in this little creature. It is, however, more remarkable from the extraordinary construction of its wings, the outer quills of which are greatly curved, and the shafts dilated to a most disproportionate size; a similar structure occurs also in the Broad-shafted H. B. of Dr. Shaw, (_T. latipennis_.) That it is intended to fulfil some important office in their economy, will admit of no doubt, for in wisdom are all things made; conjecture must, however, in numberless instances, supply our want of real knowledge; and it may not be improbable that such additional strength in the wings has been given them as a defence against the small birds of prey, (_Lanii._ Lin.) which abound in tropical countries.

The figure is the size of life; bill curved from the base, with a black stripe between that and the eye; plumage above deep shining green, most brilliant on the sides of the neck; ear feathers blue green; chin and throat of a most brilliant deep violet blue, changing in some lights to purple, becoming greenish on the breast, and blended with the green of the neck; all these feathers are disposed like scales; vent golden green, with two tufts of downy white feathers round the thighs. Tail even, the feathers broad and truncately rounded, of a rufous cinnamon colour, tipt with a purple black bar; the middle feathers darkest, and glossed with green.

Of this rare and unrecorded species, a fine example existed in Mr. Bullock's Museum, which was purchased to enrich that of Paris: another, more imperfect, was sent Mr. Falkner from the Spanish Main. The male of _T. latipennis_ is undescribed, Dr. Shaw having only seen the female; both sexes, however, are in my possession. The plant introduced in the plate (_Clitoria Plumieri_) is a native of Brazil.

* * * * *

Pl. 84

ACHATINA emarginata,

_Notched Achatina._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 30.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_A. (div. 2.) testa producta, sub-flava, fasciis viridibus flavisque
ornata; apertura ovato-rotundata, alba; labio exteriore medio inciso;
basi emarginata._

Ach. (div. 2.) Shell elongated, cream colour, with green and yellow
bands; aperture ovately rounded, white; outer lip notched in the
middle; base emarginate.

* * * * *

A new and very delicate species, which may have been overlooked as a variety of _A. virginea_, from which it differs in the comparative length of the basal whorl, which in that is remarkably short, in being a much more elongated shell, in the mouth being oval, but above all, in having a conspicuous notch in the middle of the outer lip, where the green band commences; the aperture (excepting the inner lip) is pure white. It is in Mr. Dubois' possession, and its country unknown.

* * * * *

ACHATINA vittata,

_Ribbon Achatina--middle figures._

* * * * *

_A. (div. 2.) testa ovato-oblonga, crassa, albente, vittis nigris
fuscisque angustis ornata; apertura ovata, sub-contracta; columella
tantum non recta; basi subtruncata._

A. (div. 2.) Shell ovate-elongated, thickened, fulvous white, with
narrow black and brown bands; aperture oval, slightly contracted;
pillar nearly straight; base sub-truncated.

_Gualtieri_, _tab._ 6. _fig._ A.

* * * * *

Although unnamed, this shell is obviously the same as that figured by Gualtieri, who also describes it very tolerably. This figure, however, is quoted by Gmelin and others for _A. virginea_; from which shell it is quite distinct: it is a thickly formed shell, the base slightly truncated, and the aperture very narrow, and reddish brown; the outer lip within is thickened. From the same collection as the last.

* * * * *

Pl. 85

IANTHINA fragilis,

_Common Oceanic Snail_--_upper and lower figures_.

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.

_Testa subglobosa, tenuis, fragilis. Spira depressa. Labium exterius
medio emarginatum. Columella ultra aperturae basin producta. Animal
marinum, vesicula solida pede supposita instructum._--Cuvier.

Shell subglobose, thin, brittle. Spire depressed. Outer lip notched in
the middle. Base of the pillar projecting beyond the aperture. Animal
marine, with a solid vesicle, placed under the foot.--_Cuvier._

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_I. testa pallida, anfractu basali angulato; basi complanata, striata,
violacea; apertura latiore quam longiore; labio exteriore profunde
emarginato._

Shell pale; body whirl angulated; the base flattened, striated and deep
violet; aperture broader than long; outer lip deeply emarginate.

Helix Ianthina. _Gm._ 3645. _Lister._ 572. _fig._ 23. 24. _Turton._ C.
D. _p._ 58. _Gualt._ _tab._ 64. 0. _Mart._ v. _t._ 166. _fig._ 1577.-8?

Ianthina fragilis. _Bruguiere. Ency. Meth._ _pl._ 456. _fig._ 1. _a.
b._

* * * * *

The singular shells of this genus float on the surface of the ocean, where they principally live. Gmelin remarks that the animal emits a phosphoric light; and Captain Cook observed that it is oviparous, and discharged, on being touched, a liquor of the most beautiful purple. Dr. Turton and Mr. Dillwyn have recorded several British localities for this shell; and the former notes having seen it alive, but without giving any original account of the animal. The extreme brittleness of the shell is such, that, although common, it is very rarely seen so perfect as here represented, from shells in my own cabinet. All the figures I have seen are very defective.

* * * * *

IANTHINA globosa.

_Globular Oceanic Snail--middle figures._

_I. testa ventricosa, basi producta; apertura longiore quam latiore;
labio exteriore leviter emarginato._

Shell ventricose, the base lengthened; aperture longer than broad;
outer lip slightly emarginate.

* * * * *

The notch, which in _I. fragilis_ extends the whole length of the lip, in this, is very slight, and nearly central. Mr. Dubois has enabled me to figure it from specimens in the greatest perfection; it is much less common than the last.

* * * * *

Pl. 86

CONUS Princeps,

_Prince Cone._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 65.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_C. conicus, coronatus, roseus; lineis fusco-purpureis longitudinalibus
subramosis; spira convexa._--Lamarck.

Coronated Cone, rosy, with brownish purple longitudinal lines, which
are sometimes branched; spire convex.--_Lamarck._

Conus Princeps. _Gmelin._ 3378. (omitting var. [beta] and [gamma].)
_Turton._ 4. 313. (omitting var. 2. and 3.)

Conus regius. _Martini_, vol. x. _pl._ 138. _fig._ 1276. _Brug._ _no._
12. _Ency. Meth._ _pl._ 318. _fig._ 3. _Lamarck, Ann. du Mus._ p. 31.
_no._ 10.

* * * * *

The Cones are remarkable both for their beauty and the very high value attached to many of the varieties. They are likewise a very numerous family, and, with three or four exceptions, are all inhabitants of tropical latitudes, particularly the Indian Ocean. Bruguiere and Lamarck have each written very able descriptions of the species, of which the latter enumerates 179 recent, and 9 found only in a fossil state.

This is a shell of great rarity and beauty. Dead and injured specimens are often seen, in which the deep reddish brown colour is bleached to a pale rose, and the base worn round. Of the live shell I have never seen more than two or three; and the finest of these is here figured from Mr. Dubois' cabinet: it is a native of the Asiatic Ocean.

I see no reason why the original name of Linnaeus for this shell should have been changed, although, under it, he has evidently included other species quite distinct; (his var. [beta] being _C. ebraeus_): indeed, it too often happens, that in making those alterations absolutely necessary in the present state of the science, the spirit of innovation oversteps the justice due to those, whose labours first laid the foundation of our own knowledge.

* * * * *

Pl. 87

SPHINX Labruscae,

_Wild Vine Hawk-moth._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 81.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_S. alis integris; anticis virescentibus, fascia triangulari centrali
maculoque fusco ornatis; posticis medio caeruleo-nigris, margine fulvo;
abdominis lateribus punctis quinque niveis._

S. Wings entire; anterior greenish, with a central triangular band and
black spot; posterior bluish black in the middle, the margin fulvous;
sides of the body with five snowy spots.

S. Labruscae. _Gmelin_, p. 2380. 14. _Fab. Ent. Sys._ 3. p. 377.
_Cramer_, _pl._ 184. _a._

* * * * *

Linnaeus has well observed, that the great distinctions of his three genera of Lepidoptera, were, that Butterflies are seen on the wing only during the day; Hawk-moths, or Sphinxes, at the rising and setting of the sun; and Moths during the night. The insects of Europe, indeed, offer but few exceptions to these characters; but the habits of certain exotic tribes, in each of these families, partake both of one and the other in a remarkable manner. Thus, among the butterflies, there is a genus in South America (hitherto unnoticed), which fly only during the dusk of evening: a number of the Linnaean Hawk-moths prefer the meridian heat of the sun; and there are not wanting several moths which are only seen during the same period of the day.

The insect, however, before us, is of that tribe to which the remark of Linnaeus is strictly applicable; and, although included in the _Systema Naturae_, has remained without any correct representation, for it would be difficult to delineate a worse figure of it than that given by Cramer. Besides the row of five snowy white spots on each side of the body, there are four pair of others, more dusky, down the middle, and five small black dots near the outer margin of the fore wings; the colour of all beneath is a buff yellow, with two faint dusky oblique bars, and the middle of the fore wings sea green.

I have received this species from Jamaica; in its larva state it appears to feed on the wild vine.

* * * * *

Pl. 88

MITRA caffra,

_Brown white-banded Mitre._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 23.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_M. (div. 1.) fusiformis, rufo-fuscata, albo fasciata, laevis, spira
plicato-striata, basi rugosa, columella quadriplicata._--Lamarck.

Shell fusiform, reddish brown, with whitish bands; smooth; spire
plaited and striated; base rugose; pillar 4 plaited.

Voluta caffra. _Gmelin._ 3451. _Martini_ 4. _tab._ 148. _f._ 1370.?
_Dill._ _p._ 545.

Mitra caffra. _Lamarck. Ann. du Mus._ vol. vii. p. 208. _no._ 30.

* * * * *

It is not improbable that _Mitra bifasciata_, (_Zool. Ill._ _pl._ 35.) may eventually be considered only a variety of the shell here figured, which accords much closer with the characters given of the Linnaean _M. caffra_, than any other; the two shells, however, at the first glance, have a widely different appearance; yet not more so, than the smooth and plaited varieties of _Strombus vittatus Lin._ I have therefore retained the character given by Lamarck, as the best method to be followed in doubtful cases. In this shell, the plaits commence halfway round the body whirl; they are obtuse, crowded, and not angulated near the suture; the striae between are fine and decidedly marked; the base half of the shell strongly grooved; the suture rather compressed; the channel short and not recurved, and the aperture striated.

* * * * *

MITRA crassa

_Thick Mitre--upper and lower figures._

* * * * *

_M. (div. 3.) testa laevi, media crassa, fusca, fascia angusta sub-alba
ornata; spira striata, striis intus punctatis; labio exteriore dentato;
columella 5 plicata._

Shell smooth, thick in the middle, brown, with a narrow whitish band;
spire striated, the striae with internal punctures: outer lip crenated;
pillar 5 plaited.

A species evidently unknown to Lamarck; the upper margin of each whorl is thick and projecting; the striae on the body whorl are nearly obsolete, but on the spire become deep, remote, and having internally minute hollow dots; the inner margin of the exterior lip is strongly crenated, the aperture smooth, and the pillar with five strong teeth. I believe it was brought from the South Seas.

* * * * *

Pl. 89

PSITTACUS murinus,

_Grey-breasted Parakeet._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 1.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_P. viridis, genis, auribus, gulaque cinereis; vertice, remigibus
rectriciumque marginibus sub-caeruleis._

Green; sides of the head, ears, and throat, grey; crown, quills, and
end of the tail, bluish.

P. murinus. _Gmelin._ 1. 327. _no._ 80. _Lath. Ind. Orn._ 1. p. 101.

Grey-breasted Parrakeet. _Lath. Syn._ vol. 1. 247. _Gen. Zool._ vol.
viii. p. 456.

* * * * *

Those of our readers who visited Leamington during the last season, may have observed this noisy little creature uttering its discordant cries at the door of a small house near the pump-room. I borrowed it for a day from the good woman to whom it belonged, and thus made the drawing and description with the bird before me.

Dr. Latham observes on this species, that excepting where the grey colour pervades, "the rest of the body is olive green, excepting the quills, which are deep green;"--this may be the female. He adds a quotation from Pernetty, who describes a bird from Monte Video, something near this; but which, from having a very long tail, a flesh-coloured bill, &c. may probably be distinct.

The live bird could not be conveniently measured, but it is rather larger than the red-shouldered Parrakeet, (figured at pl. 62.) The skin round the eye white, and the irides hazel; the whole upper part of the plumage is a beautiful grass green, changing according to the light into different shades; the top of the head, the quill feathers, and end of the tail, greenish blue, in some lights appearing quite blue; the sides of the head, ears, and throat, as far as the breast, bluish grey; all the remaining under plumage yellowish green, with a shade of orange in the middle of the body and vent; bill and legs dark grey; this latter colour is so unusual in this tribe, that I at first thought it indicated an imperfect plumage, but I have now seen it at two different seasons of the year without any variation whatever. It is probably a South American species.

* * * * *

Pl. 90

PTEROGLOSSUS inscriptus,

_Lettered Aracari._

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 44.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_P. fusco-viridis, capite gulaque nigris (feminae castaneis;) uropygio
rubro; abdomine flavo; rostri fulvi culmine, basi et apice nigris;
marginibus dentatis, lineis nigris inscriptis._

Obscure green; head and throat black, (in the female chesnut;) rump
crimson; body yellow; bill fulvous, the top, base, and tip, black; the
margins dentated, and marked with black lines resembling characters.

* * * * *

I was put in possession of this rare and unknown bird, by the dispersion of the most magnificent assemblage of natural productions that ever marked the zeal of an individual, or ornamented the capital of this kingdom. Mr. Bullock's Museum is now scattered; yet the objects it comprised were deemed worthy of enriching the public repositories of every nation in Europe; who sent their learned men to purchase with avidity, and share in the spoils of a Museum, the dispersion of which will be long regretted by the learned, the inquiring, and "the many."

Total length, twelve inches and a half; bill, from the angle of the mouth to the tip, two inches three tenths long, and eight tenths across the base; the colour (which appears little changed from that in the live state) is deep straw, or buff yellow; the top of the upper mandible and tips of both are black; parallel with the marginal base of the upper, is a black line, which is very broad on that of the lower; the edges of both are serrated, and marked by short black lines, somewhat resembling oriental characters; at the base of the bill there is an elevated rim of deeper yellow; the ears, chin, and throat are deep chesnut, margined in front with a narrow line of black, (which parts in the male are entirely black;) the crown of the head and neck above also black, changing to a dark bluish green on the wings, back, and tail; the rump crimson, and the greater quills blackish; from the breast to the vent straw-coloured yellow, with a greenish cast; the thighs and flanks olive; tail wedged, near five inches long; the orbits appear to have been black, and the feet green.

Mr. Bullock informed me he had the two sexes of this bird sent him from the interior of Guyana.

* * * * *

Pl. 91

LICINIA Amphione.

* * * * *

GENERIC CHARACTER.--See Pl. 15.

* * * * *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

_L. alis integris, supra nigris; anticarum basi maculo aurantiaco,
triradiato, medio fascia flava, apice maculo flavo ornatis; posticis
striga aurantiaca, margine ferrugineo; antennarum clavis albis_.

Wings entire, above black; anterior with a three rayed orange spot at
the base, and a central bend and terminal spot of yellow; posterior
with an orange stripe and brownish margin; club of the antennae white.

Papilio Amphione. _Cramer_, _pl._ 232. _f._ EF.

Pieris Amphione. _Godart in Ency. Meth._ vol. 9. p. 165. (Female.)

* * * * *