Chapter C: G. Montefiore, 1893 (2)

207. _The Ideal in Judaism_, 1893.

209. Hertz: Passover as Israel’s birthday. ‘A people who, though
they never founded a great empire nor built a great
metropolis, have exercised upon a large portion of mankind
an influence, wide-spread, potent and continuous; a people
who have for nearly two thousand years been without country
or organized nationality yet have preserved their identity
and faith through all vicissitudes of time and fortune;
who have been overthrown, crushed, scattered; who have been
ground, as it were, to very dust, and flung to the four
winds of heaven; yet who, though thrones have fallen, and
empires have perished, and creeds have changed, and living
tongues have become dead, still exist with a vitality
seemingly unimpaired; a people who unite the strangest
contradictions; whose annals now blaze with glory, now sound
the depths of shame and woe――the advent of such a people
marks an epoch in the history of the world.’ (Henry George.)

213. Akdomus: Translation of a thought at the beginning of _Akdomus_,
the Aramaic hymn that precedes the Reading of the Law on
Pentecost. I have not been able to discover the name of the
translator.

Rosenfeld: From a forthcoming book of poems, _Songs of
a Pilgrim_ (Jewish Forum Publishing Co., New York). He
is known to the non-Jewish world by his _Songs from the
Ghetto_――powerful descriptions of the New York sweatshop
inferno. This volume has been translated into most Western
languages. ‘It was left for a Russian Jew at the end of
the nineteenth century to see and paint hell in colours not
attempted by anyone since the days of Dante ... the hell
he has not only visited, but that he has lived through.’
(Wiener.)

214. _The Sinaist_, 1, 2. ‘The Torah――our Greatest Benefactor.’

216. _The Sinaist_, 1, 3.

TEPHILLIN

Erect he stands, in fervent prayer,
His body cloaked in silken Tallis;
He seems a king, so free from care,
His wife a queen, his home a palace.

These bands he wears and softly prays,
Devoting strength and mind to God;
His body slowly, gently sways――
He walks the ground his fathers trod.

This daily commune with the Master
Lifts him above mere common clay;
The Jewish heart, like alabaster,
Grows pure and purer every day.

(Aaron Schaffer in _Standard Book of
Jewish Verses_, New York, Dodd, Mead & Co.)

217. _Sun and Shield_――a book of devout thoughts for everyday use.
Bloch Publishing Co., New York.

218. _The Occident_, vol. 12. It is a pity that no selection of
S. R. Hirsch’s Essays has as yet appeared in English.

219. _Sermons_, i. ‘Faith’, the last sermon preached by him. The
Jewish idea of faith is that of fidelity, absolute loyalty
to God. ‘Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him.’
Young Sorley, writing a few days before he fell in battle,
says: ‘Real faith is not that which says “we _must_ win for
our cause is just”; but that which says “our cause is just;
therefore we can disregard defeat”. All outlooks are at
present material, and the unseen value of justice as justice,
independent entirely of results, is forgotten. It is looked
upon merely as an agent for winning battles.’ (_Letters of
Charles Sorley_, 1919.)

220. Halevi’s Ode to Zion is one of the noblest religious poems in
the literature of the World:――

Pure and faithful, ever spotless,
Was his song, even as his soul was;
Soul, that when the Maker fashioned,
With His handiwork delighted.

Straight He kissed the beauteous spirit;
And that kiss of grace, re-echoing,
Fills with music all his singing,
Whom it consecrated――poet. (Heine.)

226. For Israel Baalshem, See Schechter, _Studies_, i. ‘The
Chassidim.’

Joseph: _The Message of Judaism_.

228. _Songs of Zion._ An excellent translation of a poem of great
mystic beauty.

229. This hymn forms part of the New Year Morning Service.

230. _Stories and Pictures._ Peretz inimitably succeeds in revealing
the whole inner world of Chassidic life. The Rebbe referred
to is Nathan ben Naphtali Hertz, a disciple of Nahman of
Bratzlav. The story is also related of R. Moses Sassow.

235. From a Sermon preached at Capetown to a Congregation of
Refugees from the Transvaal during the Boer War.

237. _Service of the Synagogue_, Eve of the Day of Atonement. Only
the last portion of this alphabetic acrostic is given here.

238. From _The Royal Crown_, Gabirol’s best known and most
important composition, containing his thoughts on religion
and philosophy, and expressing all his ardent love of God. In
many congregations, this poem is recited at the conclusion of
the Eve of Atonement (Kol Nidra) Service.

240. _Abodath Yisrael_, by Szold and Jastrow, Philadelphia, 1873.

241. _Poems of Emma Lazarus_, vol. ii.

249. This hymn introduces the concluding service on the Day of
Atonement in the Sephardi Liturgy.

250. _Cusari_, ii, 50. The translation is from Gottheil, _Sun and
Shield_.

252. Joseph: _Judaism as Life and Creed_.

Disraeli: _Tancred_.

253. _Aspects of Judaism_, p. 109.

255. J. Q. R., 1903. For the Yiddish original, See Wiener,
_History_, p. 272.

259. The Menorah――the more correct title would be ‘The Chanukah
Lamp’.

268. In England every morning service closes with this hymn being
recited before the open Ark.

V

273. Spinoza: _Ethics_.

274. _Guide to the Perplexed._

275. See Notes 7‒9.

280. Maimonides: _The Eight Chapters on Ethics_, ed. Gorfinkle,
New York, 1912.

Jacobs: _Jews of Angevin England_, p. 172.

Ethics of the Fathers: _Authorized Prayer Book_, pp. 184‒209.
A good edition, Hebrew and English, with commentary, is by
Gorfinkle, in Library of Jewish Classics, Bloch Publishing
Co., New York.

282. ‘Cleanliness is next to Godliness’: The Jewish mystic’s
Ladder of Perfection. Its author is Rabbi Pinhas ben Yair――a
second-century saint and teacher.

283. Yellin-Abrahams’ _Maimonides_, J. P. S.

285. _The Literary Remains of Emanuel Deutsch_, ‘The Talmud’, for a
larger selection of Talmudic sayings.

296. _The Discipline of Sorrow_, 1911. ‘The terrible events of life
are great eye-openers. They force us to learn that which it
is wholesome for us to know, but which habitually we try to
ignore, namely, that really we have no claim on a long life;
that we are each of us liable to be called off at any moment,
and that the main point is not how long we live, but with
what meaning we fill the short allotted span――for short it
is at best.
As in every battle, so in the great battle of Humanity,
the fallen and wounded, too, have a share in the victory;
by their sufferings they have helped, and the greenest
wreaths belong to them.’ (Felix Adler in _Life and Destiny_,
New York. McClure, Philips & Co.)

297. See Note 235.

298. _Aspects of Judaism_, ii, 5.

300. Adler: ‘Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild――a Funeral Address’.

301. Penini: translation in Gottheil, _Sun and Shield_.

308. ‘The Jewels’――based on a version by S. T. Coleridge.

315. Cf. _Authorized Prayer Book_, p. 318.

318. Ethics of the Fathers: The fourth chapter ends with the words
of R. Eleazar Hakkappar:――
‘The born are to die and the dead to live on again; and those
who enter the eternal life, to be judged. Therefore, let it
be known, understood and remembered, that He, the Almighty,
is the Maker and the Creator; He is the Discerner, He
the Judge, He the Witness, He the Complainant; and that
He shall judge in the hereafter, before whom there is no
unrighteousness, and no forgetting, no regard for rank, no
taking of bribes. Know that all is according to reckoning.
Let not thy passions persuade thee that the grave will
be a place of refuge for thee. For without thy will wert
thou created, without thy will thou wast born; thou livest
perforce, and perforce thou shalt at last die, and perforce
thou shalt in the future have to give account before the
Supreme King, the Holy One, blessed be He.’

INDEX OF AUTHORS AND SOURCES

† Indicates translators or translations.

I――JEWISH

ABRAHAM ibn EZRA. (1104‒1167). Famous Spanish-Jewish Bible
commentator, traveller and poet. Visited London Jewry in 1158. 284.

ABRAHAMS, Israel. Reader in Talmudic, Cambridge University. ‘Jewish
Life in the Middle Ages.’ 33, 71, 124, 193, 198, 253.

ACHAD HA’AM. See GINZBERG, Asher.

ACHAI (GAON). Eighth century. First rabbinical author after close of
Talmud. ‘Sheeltoth.’ 291.

ADLER, Cyrus. American educationist; Editor of ‘Jewish Quarterly
Review’. 4.

ADLER, Elkan N. Communal worker, traveller, and collector of Hebrew
MSS. ‘Jews in Many Lands.’ 34, †[291].

ADLER, Felix. American educationist of Jewish descent. 328, 344.

ADLER, Hermann. (1839‒1911). Chief Rabbi (1891). ‘Anglo-Jewish
Memories.’ 24, 42, 62, 300.

ADLER, S. Alfred. (1875‒1910). Son of above. ‘The Discipline of
Sorrow.’ 296.

AGUILAR, Grace. (1816‒1847). Anglo-Jewish author. ‘The Vale of
Cedars.’ 3.

ALKABETZ, Solomon Halevi. 16th century, hymn-writer and mystic. 203.

ANTIN, Mary. Russo-American writer. ‘The Promised Land.’ 100, 107.

ARTOM, Benjamin. (1835‒1879). Italian Rabbi. London Haham (1866). 18.

ASHER ben YECHIEL. (1250‒1328). Spanish-Jewish Talmudist. 8.

BAALSHEM, Israel. (1700‒1760). Famous Mystic. Founder of the sect of
Chassidim (Pietists). 226.

BACHYA ibn PAKUDA. 11th century, Spanish-Jewish ethical philosopher.
‘The Duties of the Heart.’ 192, 240, 284.

BENEDICT of OXFORD. (Berechyah Nakdan), 12th-century Anglo-French
fabulist. 280.

BIBLE.
Genesis. 52;
Exodus. 243;
Leviticus. 282, 291;
Deuteronomy. 227;
1 Kings. 47;
Isaiah. 3, 39, 47, 49, 50, 52, 224, 246, 247, 273;
Jeremiah. 53, 270;
Ezekiel. 121, 245;
Joel. 47;
Amos. xvi;
Jonah. 2;
Micah. 273;
Malachi. 48;
Psalms. 188, 192, 211, 227, 270, 316;
Proverbs. 19;
Job. 317;
Lamentations. 88;
Ecclesiastes. 301, 319;
Esther. 264;
Daniel. 200.

BOOK OF MORALS. 15th-century ethical work. 13.

BÜCHLER, A. Jewish scholar; Principal of Jews’ College, London. 72.

BYALIK, Chayim Nachman. Greatest contemporary Hebrew poet. 123.

CARVALHO, David Nunes. (1784‒1860). Lay Reader of Charleston, S.C.,
Synagogue. 194.

COHEN, Julia M. (1862‒1917). Anglo-Jewish communal worker. 13.

CRESCAS, Chasdai. (1340‒1410). Religious philosopher. ‘Or Adonay.’
25.

DAICHES, Salis. Anglo-Jewish Rabbi. 215.

DARMESTETER, James. (1849‒1894). French Orientalist. ‘The Prophets
of Israel.’ 68.

DERECH ERETZ ZUTTA. 8th-century ethical treatise. 301.

DEUTSCH, Emanuel. (1829‒1873). Jewish scholar and Orientalist. ‘The
Talmud.’ 69.

DISRAELI, Benjamin. (1804‒1881). British Prime Minister and novelist.
‘Alroy.’ 38, 201, 252.

D’ISRAELI, Isaac. (1766‒1848). Anglo-Jewish man of letters.
‘Curiosities of Literature.’ 83.

† DRACHMANN, Bernard. American rabbi. 92.

DUBNOW, Simon. Russo-Jewish historian. 30, 75.

DYMOV, Ossip. Russian writer. 101.

ECCLESIASTICUS (Ben Sira). A book of the Apocrypha. 28, 53, 63, 234,
299.

EICHHOLZ, A. English educationist. 128.

ELEAZAR (ROKËACH) of WORMS. 13th century, mystic and hymn-writer.
5, 293.

ELIEZER ben ISAAC. 11th century, ethical writer. 7.

EPHRAIM of BONN. (1133‒1196). Chronicler, poet, and Talmudist. 81.

1 ESDRAS. A book of the Apocrypha. 272.

ETHICS OF THE FATHERS. (Pirke Aboth); treatise of Mishnah, containing
ethical sayings. 19, 281, 290, 292, 300, 316, 318, 344.

† FELDMAN, Asher. Dayan of the United Synagogue. 31, 190.

FELSENTHAL, B. (1822‒1908). American rabbi. 339.

† FRANK, Helena. Translator of Peretz and other Yiddish writers.
109, 123, 230, 255.

FRANKL, L. A. (1810‒1894). Poet and writer. 86.

FRANZOS, Karl Emil. (1848‒1904). Ghetto novelist. ‘The Jews of
Barnow.’ 93.

FRIEDLÄNDER, Israel. (1876‒1920). Bible scholar and historian. 97,
99.

FRIEDLÄNDER, Michael. (1883‒1910). Late Principal of Jews’ College.
‘The Jewish Religion.’ 60.

FUERST, Julius. (1826‒1899). Talmudic lexicographer. 78.

GABIROL, SOLOMON ibn. (1021‒1058). Poet and hymn-writer. Great
philosopher. Known in Middle Ages as Avicebron. ‘The Royal Crown.’
25, 89, 191, 238, 241, 314.

GASTER, Moses. Haham (1887). Folklorist. 74.

GEIGER, Abraham. (1810‒1874). Noted rabbi and Bible critic. ‘Judaism
and its History.’ 32, 64.

GINZBERG, Asher. (Achad Ha’am) Hebrew writer and philosopher.
‘Selected Essays.’ 36, 120, 203.

GOLDSMID. Col. A. E. (1846‒1904). Anglo-Jewish soldier. 40.

GORDON, Judah Leon. (1831‒1892). Hebrew poet. 255.

GOTTHEIL, Gustav. (1827‒1903). American rabbi and hymn-writer. 210,
217, 234, 263.

GRAETZ, Hirsch. (1817‒1891). Famous historian of the Jews. 56, 76.

GREEN, A. A. Anglo-Jewish minister. 315.

HAFFKINE, Waldemar M. C.I.E. Russo-British bacteriologist. 195, 214.

HALEVI, YEHUDAH. (1085‒1140). Physician, religious philosopher, and
greatest post-Biblical Jewish poet. 53, 64, 74, 220, 250, 266, 271.

HARDEN, Maximilian. German journalist of Jewish descent. 126.

HARRIS, M. H. American rabbi. 44.

HEINE, H. (1797‒1856). Great lyric poet and journalist. 57, 66, 82,
329, 342.

HERTZ, J. H. Chief Rabbi (1913). 11, 16, 30, 39, 46, 79, 96, 125,
128, 196, 209, 223, 235, 244, 297.

HERZL, Theodor. (1860‒1904). Founder of the Political Zionist
Movement. 124, 125, 127, 259.

HIRSCH, Emil G. American rabbi. 10.

HIRSCH, Samson R. (1808‒1888). Rabbi and religious philosopher. ‘The
Nineteen Letters of Ben Uziel.’ 92, 218.

IMBER, Naphtali H. (1856‒1909). Hebrew poet. ‘Hatikvah.’ 117.

JACOB ben ASHER. Died 1340. Spanish Talmudist, codifier, and Bible
commentator; son of Asher ben Yechiel. ‘Arba Turim.’ 31.

JACOBS, Joseph. (1854‒1916). Folklorist and essayist. ‘Jewish Ideals.’
3, 67, 74, 201, † [280].

† JASTROW, Marcus. (1831‒1903). American rabbi and Talmudic
lexicographer. 25, 240.

JEWISH CHRONICLE. (1841). Anglo-Jewish Weekly. 125.

JELLINEK, A. (1821‒1893). Famous preacher and Jewish bibliographer.
17.

JOSEPH, Morris. Anglo-Jewish minister. ‘Judaism as Creed and Life.’
14, 21, 49, 90, 207, 209, 212, 226, 252, 262, 322, † [5].

JOSEPHUS, FLAVIUS. (37‒95 C.E.). Ancient Jewish general, historian,
and apologist. ‘Antiquities of the Jews.’ 27, 77.

JUDAH the PIOUS. Died 1217. Ethical writer and mystic. ‘The Book of
Saints.’ 268.

JUNG, Maier. Chief Minister of Federation of Synagogues, London. 216.

KALIR, ELEAZAR. 8th century, liturgical poet. 229, 251.

KALONYMOS ben YEHUDAH. 12th century, liturgical poet. 80.

KOHLER, Kaufmann. President Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati. 24,
197, 282.

KOHUT, Alexander. (1842‒1894). American rabbi and Talmudic
lexicographer. 45.

KOMPERT, Leopold. (1822‒1866). Ghetto novelist. 199.

LAZARUS, Emma. (1849‒1887). American poetess. 40, 87, 106, 259, 333,
† [241, 314].

LAZARUS, Josephine. (1846‒1895). Sister of above. ‘The Spirit of
Judaism.’ 68, 93.

LAZARUS, Moritz. (1824‒1903). Co-founder of Ethnic Psychology. ‘The
Ethics of Judaism.’ 11.

LEESER, Isaac. (1806‒1868). American preacher and Bible translator.
61, † [218].

LEVI, David. (1816‒1898). Italian Jewish poet. 58.

LEVY, S. Anglo-Jewish minister. 198.

† LOUIS, Minnie D. American communal worker. 86.

LUCAS, Alice. Translator of Mediaeval Jewish poets. ‘The Jewish
Year.’ 41, † [12, 220, 228, 238, 251, 255, 266, 268, 271].

LURIA, ISAAC. (1534‒1572). Great Mystic. Founder of modern Cabala.
339.

1 MACCABEES. Book of the Apocrypha. 257.

MAGNUS, Lady. Author of ‘Outlines of Jewish History.’ 73.

MAIMONIDES, MOSES. (1135‒1204). Great Talmudist, foremost mediaeval
Jewish philosopher, and court-physician. ‘Guide of the Perplexed’;
‘Yad Hachazakah’. 20, 227, 274, 276, 280, 283.

MANASSEH ben ISRAEL. (1604‒1657). Amsterdam rabbi, apologist and
theologian. Obtained the re-admission of the Jews to England under
Cromwell. 91.

MARGOLIS, M. L. Editor-in-chief, new Jewish Bible Version. 22.

MEIR ben ISAAC NEHORAÏ. 11th century, hymn-writer. 213.

MENDELSSOHN, Moses. (1729‒1786). Philosopher and Bible translator;
foremost Jewish figure of 18th century. 26.

MENDES, H. Pereira. American rabbi. 48, 326.

MIDRASH. 3rd to 10th centuries. Rabbinic homilies on the Scriptures.
25, 53.

MOÏSE, Penina. (1797‒1880). American hymn-writer. 225.

MONTEFIORE, C. G. Theologian and lay preacher. ‘Bible for Home
Reading.’ 6, 298.

MORAIS, Sabato. (1823‒1897). Italian-American rabbi. Founder, Jewish
Theological Seminary of America. 13.

MOSES of COUCY. 13th century, Talmudic codifier. 275.

MOSES ben NACHMAN (Nachmanides). (1194‒1270). Talmudist, mystic,
exegete, and apologist. 228.

MOSHEH, R. Date unknown. Mediaeval hymn-writer. 249.

MUNK, Salomon. (1803‒1867). French Orientalist. 122.

NOAH, M. M. (1785‒1851). American journalist and politician. Pioneer
Zionist. 127.

NORDAU, Max. Author and philosopher. Vice-President Zion Congresses.
37, 38.

PENINI, YEDAYA. (1270‒1340). Provençal Jewish poet and philosopher.
301.

PERETZ, Isaac L. (1851‒1915). Yiddish man of letters. 109, 230.

PHILIPSON, D. American preacher. 10.

PHILO JUDAEUS. (20 B.C.‒40 C.E.). Flourished in Alexandria. Renowned
Jewish philosopher. 189, 283, 289.

† POUZZNER, B. L. Translator of ‘The Menorah’. 259.

PRAYER BOOK.
Daily. 47, 192, 205, 212, 284.
Festival. 39, 254.

RASHI (Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac of Troyes). (1040‒1105). French Bible
exegete and greatest commentator of Talmud. His commentary on
Pentateuch has never been surpassed in enduring popularity. 63.

RASKIN, P. M. Anglo-Russian poet. 43, 54, 202, 206.

ROSENFELD, Morris. Russian-American Yiddish poet. 213.

ROTHSCHILD, Baron Lionel de. (1808‒1879). Leader of Anglo-Jewish
community. First Jewish M.P. 92.

SAADYAH GAON. (892‒942). President of the Academy at Sura, Babylon;
religious philosopher, exegete, and polemic writer. 127.

SACHER, H. English journalist; Zionist writer. 330.

SALAMAN, Nina Davis. Translator mediaeval Jewish poets. ‘Songs of
Exile.’ 205, † [89, 191, 329, 339].

SCHAFFER, Aaron. Lecturer, Johns Hopkins University. 341.

SCHECHTER, Solomon. (1847‒1915). Theologian, Talmudist, and essayist.
‘Studies in Judaism.’ 15, 23, 33, 37, 60, 119, 127.

SCHINDLER, Kurt. Jewish musical composer. 323.

SHEMTOB, ibn SHEMTOB. 15th-century Spanish philosopher. 67.

SHULCHAN ARUCH. Authoritative code of Rabbinic Judaism by Joseph Caro
(1488‒1575). The ‘COMMENTARY’ is by David ben Samuel (1586‒1667);
and the ‘GLOSS’ by Moses Isserles (1520‒1572). 190.

† SIMON, Leon. Hebraist and Zionist writer. 120.

SINGER, Simeon. (1846‒1906). Anglo-Jewish preacher. 35, 219.

SMOLENSKIN, Peretz. (1842‒1885). Hebrew novelist and journalist.
‘Astray on Life’s Pathways’. 324.

SOKOLOW, Nahum. Hebrew writer and Zionist leader. 331.

† SOLIS-COHEN, Solomon. American physician and writer. 203, 248, 249.

SPINOZA, Benedict. (1632‒1677). Great Dutch-Jewish philosopher. 273.

STEINSCHNEIDER, Moritz. (1816‒1907). Noted Hebrew bibliographer. 79,
93, 326.

SULZBERGER, Mayer. American jurist, bookman, and communal leader. 61.

SZOLD, Henrietta. American Jewish writer and translator. 12, 15.

TALMUD. Body of Jewish law and legend as expounded in the Jewish
Academies of Palestine (200‒375) and of Babylon (200‒500); generic
designation for the whole of early Rabbinic literature. 6, 11, 26,
35, 210, 243, 253, 272, 282, 285, 291, 292, 299, 302‒313, 316.

WIENER, Leo. Professor at Harvard University. Historian of Yiddish
Literature. 98, 333, 341.

WISDOM OF SOLOMON. A book of the Apocrypha. 200, 277, 278.

WOLF, Lucien. Journalist and historian. 106, 124, 334.

YEHUDAH, R. Date unknown. Mediaeval hymn-writer. 248.

YOMTOB of YORK. Hymn-writer, probably suffered martyrdom at York
in 1190. 237.

ZANGWILL, Israel. Novelist and playwright. ‘Children of the Ghetto.’
59, 65, 73, 94, 98, 332, † [117, 229, 237, 254, 323].

ZOHAR. A mystical Commentary on the Pentateuch, probably 1290. 189,
196, 204, 283.

ZUNZ, Leopold. (1794‒1886). Founder of the New Jewish Learning. 76,
93.

II――NON-JEWISH

ABBOTT, Lyman. American preacher and journalist. 131.

ADDISON, Joseph. (1672‒1719). Essayist and poet. 149.

ALEXANDER, C. F. (1818‒1895). Irish poet. 146.

ARNOLD, Matthew. (1822‒1888). Poet and critic. 132.

BALFOUR, A. J. H.M. Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. 184.

BEAULIEU, Anatole Leroy. French historian. ‘Israel among the
Nations.’ 162, 174.

BIDDLE, G. E. Unitarian writer. 160.

BLAKE, William. (1757‒1827). Poet, mystic, and painter. 130, 173.

† BORROW, GEORGE. (1803‒1881). English traveller. 338.

BOX, Canon G. H. English Hebraist. 159.

CARLYLE, Thomas. (1795‒1881). Essayist, historian, and philosopher.
155.

CORNILL, Carl H. (1854‒1920). Theologian and Bible critic. 131, 147,
152, 335.

† CRAIG, Mary A. Translator of David Levi’s Poems. 58.

DOW, John E. Author of ‘Hebrew and Puritan’. 147.

ELIOT, George (Marian Lewes Cross). (1819‒1880). English novelist.
‘Daniel Deronda.’ 161, 173, 183.

ELLIS, Havelock. British psychologist. 155.

FRAZER, Sir James G. British anthropologist. 138, 336.

FROUDE, James Anthony. (1818‒1894). Historian and essayist. 138, 151,
155.

GEORGE, Henry. (1839‒1897). Political economist and social reformer.
143, 336, 340.

GOETHE, J. W. (1749‒1832). Great German poet and critic. 139, 154.

GORKY, Maxim. Russian man of letters. 158.

GREEN, John R. (1837‒1883). English historian. 171.

HALL, G. Stanley. American psychologist and educationist. 324.

HARNACK, A. Church historian. 137.

HERFORD, R. Travers. Theologian and Rabbinic scholar. ‘Pharisaism.’
159.

HUXLEY, T. H. (1825‒1895). Biologist and religious controversialist.
139, 140, 159.

JEROME, St. (340‒420). Church Father; translated Bible into Latin
(Vulgate Version). 185.

JOWETT, Benjamin. (1817‒1893). Theologian and translator of Plato.
151.

LECKY, William E. H. (1838‒1903). Historian and publicist. 166, 178.

LONGFELLOW, Henry W. (1807‒1882). American poet. 175.

LOTZE, H. (1817‒1881). German idealist philosopher. 134.

MACAULAY, Lord. (1800‒1859). Historian, essayist, and politician.
172.

MILYUKOV, Paul. Russian politician. 178.

MOORE, G. F. American Bible critic. 327.

NIETZSCHE, F. (1844‒1900). German philosopher. 140.

† PLUMPTRE, Dean E. H. (1821‒1891). Anglican divine. 80.

PROTHERO, R. E. Former editor ‘Quarterly Review’. ‘The Psalms in
Human Life.’ 148.

RENAN, Ernest. (1823‒1892). Historian, philosopher, and Orientalist.
133, 141.

RHYS, Ernest. Man of letters. 147.

ROBINSON, A. M. F. (Madame Duclaux). English poet and writer. 157.

ROOSEVELT, Theodore. (1858‒1919). Historian and statesman; President,
U.S.A. 176.

SCHREINER, Olive. South African novelist. 177, 180.

SCOTT, Sir Walter. (1771‒1823). Great novelist and poet. 137, 141.

SORLEY, Charles. (1896‒1915). Student and soldier. 342.

STANLEY, A. P. (1815‒1881). Author of ‘History of the Jewish Church’.
156.

STEVENSON, Robert Louis. (1850‒1894). Essayist and novelist. 138.

STRINDBERG, August. (1849‒1912). Swedish author. 163.

SYKES, Sir Mark. (1879‒1919). British statesman. 183.

TOLSTOY, Leo. (1828‒1910). Russian novelist and social reformer.
135, 179.

TWAIN, Mark (S. L. Clemens). (1835‒1910). American writer. 186.

VOLTAIRE, F. M. A. de. (1694‒1778). French philosopher and man of
letters. 170.

WAGNER, Charles. (1851‒1918). French Protestant divine. 134.

WATTS, Isaac. (1674‒1748). Hymn-writer. 150.

WHITMAN, Walt. (1819‒1892). American poet. 137.

WHITTIER, J. G. (1807‒1892). American poet. 156.

WYCLIF, John. (1320‒1384). Reformer and Bible translator. 140.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

Ab, Fast of; Hymn for, 220 ff.

Abraham, 23, 52;
and Toleration, 306.

Achad Ha’am, 79.

Acorn, Parable of, 303.

Addir Hu, 210.

ADON OLAM, 190, 193 ff., 338.

Adversity, meeting, 297.

Ahasuerus, 264.

Akabya ben Mahalalel, 292, 300.

Akdomus, 213.

AKIBA, RABBI, 135, 290, 291, 307.

Alexander the Great, 304‒5.

Am-Haaretz, 99.

AMERICA, The Jew in, 44‒5, 95‒6, 176.

Ammon, 128.

Anger, 8, 9.

Animals, kindness to. _See_ Cattle.

Antiochus Epiphanes, 124, 257.

ANTI-SEMITISM, 37‒9, 178‒82; 30, 107, 131, 157, 165, 169, 175, 185,
326;
‘Higher anti-Semitism’, 37, 60;
_See_ Persecution, Suffering, Pogrom.

Antoninus, Emperor, 313.

Apion, 77.

Apostasy, 5, 15.

Aristotle, 193.

Asceticism, 250.

ASSIMILATION, 119‒20.

Assyrians, 223.

Athens, 42, 134, 172.

ATONEMENT, Day of, 160, 226, 235 ff.

Auto-da-fé, 157, 162, 167, 170.

Babylon, 125, 186.

Barcelona, Massacre at, 167.

BARMITZVAH, 18.

Baroka, Rabbi, 302.

Belief, and Duty, 22.
_See_ Faith.

Ben Azzai, 290.

Ben Sira, 325.

Bernard of Clairvaux, 81.

BIBLE, 57‒63, 137‒40;
in England, 42, 171;
Book of the Ages, 59, 75, 137;
Epic of the world, 57, 59, 138, 213;
in Education, 139;
and Democracy, 140, 143, 159;
and Israel, 5, 57‒60, 131, 132, 140, 157, 185, 308, 336;
the interpretation of, 63, 327;
and Literature, 137, 138, 154, 336;
Reverence for, 140.
Versions: English, 61, 62, 171;
Greek, 60, 61;
Jewish, 60‒3.

BLOOD LIBEL, 100, 181.

Body and soul, 20;
parable of, 313.

Bones, Valley of Dry, 121.

Bontzye Shweig, 109 ff.

Book of Life and Death, 226.

Books, Jews’ Love of their, 162.

Britain, 42, 43, 91, 96, 125.

BROTHERHOOD, 244.
_See_ Responsibility.

BROWNING, Robert, quoted 79.

Burden, Sharing the, 25.

Burgos, massacre at, 167.

Caligula, Jews refuse divine honours to, 77.

Cattle, 144, 304, 335.

CEREMONIAL, 23, 216.
_See_ Symbols, Custom.

CHANUKAH, 259, 263.

CHARITY, 31‒3; 7, 27, 286, 288, 306.

Chazan, 161.

Cheder, 37.

CHILDREN, 70;
merit of, 198;
torn from parents in Portugal, 168;
love for, 281.

_Chillul Hashem_, 322.

Christianity and the Jews, 166 ff.

Christians, early, 181.

CITIZEN, Jew as, 173, 183.
_See_ Patriotism.

CITIZENSHIP, British, 96.

Civilization, Jews as Pioneers of, 135, 172, 174.

‘Cleanliness next to godliness’, 282.

Columbus, 86.

Commentaries, of a nation, 157.

CONDUCT, Rules of, 7‒9, 19‒21, 292.

‘Confession’ by Gabirol, 238.

Consciousness, Jewish, 119.

Conversion of Jews, 107, 168, 178.
_See_ Proselyte.

Cordova, massacre at, 167.

‘Corpses, Last in the desert’, 123.

Counsel, good. _See_ Conduct, Jewish.

Courage of the Jew, 5, 106.

Courtesy, 8, 9.

Cradle song, 12.

CREED, Jewish, 22, 23.
_See_ Belief, Faith.

Crescent and Cross, 166.

Crucifixion, 170.

CRUSADES, 163.
First Crusade, 80;
Second Crusade, 81.

CULTURE, What is? 16.

Custom in Religion, 217.
_See_ Ceremonial.

Cyrillus, 174.

Cyrus, 125, 126.

Dante, 341.

David, 147.

DEATH, 240‒2 and 298‒301; 160, 285 ff., 309 ff., 344.
_See_ Kaddish.

Dedication. _See_ Chanucah.

Deeds, the Best Commendation, 292, 303.

Deluge of Fire, Legend of, 46.

DEMOCRACY and Bible, 140, 143.

Deronda, Daniel, 161, 173.

Destiny. _See_ Free-will.

Dietary Laws, 212.

Dogmas, Judaism and, 24, 25.

East End of London, Jew of, 177.

Ecclesiastes, 155.

Eden, Gates of, 326.

Edom, 128.

EDUCATION, Religious, 13, 324.
_See also_ Bible, Law, Torah.

Egypt, 135, 186;
and Israel, 143;
drowning Egyptians, 210.

Eleazar ben Azaryah, 19.

Elizabeth, Queen, 171.

EMANCIPATION OF JEW, 35‒6, 92‒3;
Macaulay on, 172.

Enemy, Love of, 8.

ENGLAND, 41‒3; 94, 96; 125, 130;
Elizabethan, 16, 171;
resettlement of Jews in, 91;
and Zionism, 125.

ESTHER, 156, 264 ff.

Eternity, Jew the emblem of, 136;
Time and, 301.

ETHICS, Jewish, 5, 7‒9, 32, 293‒5.

Evening Prayer. _See_ Prayer.

Evil inclination, 5, 22.

Exile, 37.

Exodus, the. _See_ Passover;
from Spain. _See_ Spain.

Ezra, 125.

FAITH, 219; 3, 342.

Family. _See_ Home.

‘Famous Men, Let us now praise’, 28.

FATHERS, Merit of, 198.

Fight for religion, 5, 262.

Fire, Deluge of, 46.

Fishes, Akiba’s Parable of, 307.

Forgiveness, 39, 234, 237, 249.

Folk-song, Russian-Jewish, 323.

FREEDOM, 143, 144; 42, 340.
Feast of. _See_ Passover.

FREE-WILL, 276; 226, 235‒6, 290.

Gabiha, 286.

Gates of Eden, legend of, 326.

GHETTO, 10, 157, 174;
in London, 177;
in New York, 341.

‘Glory, Hymn of’, 268.

GOD, 193‒7;
and man, 70, 228, 283, 290;
Kingship of, 120, 228‒9;
love of, 25, 243;
the fear of, 5, 6, 13, 20, 234, 287;
trust in, 50;
servant of, 266‒7;
work of, 274.

Godliness, 282.

Good and evil, 274.

Good inclination, 5, 243.

Gratitude, 289.

GREECE, 133; 16, 186.

Greeks and Jews, 64, 68.

Gulf Stream, comparison to, 44.

Hadrian, 179, 223.

Haham of York, 84.

Halevi, Heine on, 342.

Haman, 264.

Hanina ben Dosa, 19, 292.

Hannah and her seven Sons, 256.

HARVEST FESTIVAL, 252.

Health, preservation of, 20.

‘Hebrew, I am an’, 4.

HEBREW LANGUAGE, 13‒16, 141, 324;
in public worship, 14;
key to Israel’s treasures, 15, 119;
a holy language, 16.

Hellenism, 4.
_See_ Greece, Greeks.

Hellenistic Judaism, 15.

HEREDITY, Obligations of, 30.

HERITAGE, Israel’s, 27.

Hero, the true, 288.

Herzl, 334.

HILLEL, 290‒1; 158, 218.

HISTORY, JEWISH, 73 ff.;
importance of Jewish, 75, 128.

HOLINESS, 282; 134, 201.

HOME, Jewish, 10 ff., 177, 202, 339, 341.

Homer, 137.

Honour, 30, 292.

HUMANITY, a united, 48, 49;
and Israel, 68, 131;
and Prophets, 67, 68, 151, 328;
protection of, aim of Jewish Law, 144, 335.
_See_ Messianic Hope.

Humility, 284; 192, 248, 281, 287, 293.

Ibsen, 98.

Idolatry, 8, 23, 291.

Immorality, cardinal sin of, 291;
purity of life, thought, and action, 282.

IMMORTALITY, 300, 301, 316; 286, 344;
shared by righteous of all faiths, 26;
of Israel. _See_ Israel.

INQUISITION, 167.

Intermarriage, 322.

Ishmael Rabbi, 253.

ISRAEL, antiquity of, 174;
brotherhood of, 196, 244‒5;
and Greece, 64, 133‒4;
heart of mankind, 74;
and humanity, 3, 16, 67, 68, 128, 131, 135;
immortality of, 52 ff., 120‒1, 128, 136, 185‒6, 340;
loyalty of, 308;
martyrdom of, 5, 39, 54‒5, 76, 82, 97, 106, 168;
mission of, 3, 4, 23, 24, 48, 65, 120, 128, 131‒2, 135, 207 ff.;
and the nations, 133, 134, 186;
people of revelation, 64, 132;
preservation of, 3, 4, 11, 22, 28, 119, 120, 340;
St. Jerome on preservation of, 185;
and Rome, 77 ff., 133‒4;
and the Sabbath, 203;
and the Torah, 64, 307;
and Woman, 10, 11;
witnesses of God, 3.

ISRAELITE, responsibility of each, 6, 30, 35, 244, 322.

Ivan the Terrible, 178.

JACOB, RABBI, 316.

Jeremiah and Jewish patriotism, 90.

JERUSALEM, 134, 185, 223;
the ‘Old People’s Rest’ at, 34.

JEW, What is a? 135; 21;
and Bible, 56‒64;
the misunderstood of history, 65, 326;
and Greek, 66;
heroism of, 66, 78, 79;
and scholarship, 99;
and non-Jew, 9, 25, 26;
as citizen, 176;
of East London, 177;
duty of every, 3, 4, 35.
_See_ Israel, History, Patriotism, Learning, &c.

Jewels, story of, 305.

Jewish question, 93.

Job, Book of, 155.

Johanan ben Zakkai, 218, 287.

JONAH, Book of, 152 ff.

Jordan, The Watch on the, 177.

JOY, Religious aspect of, 250, 252 ff., 302.

Judah the Prince, 292, 313.

JUDAISM, 21, 23, 24, 65;
a life, 21, 92;
its obligations, 21;
original truth of, 25, 197;
and daughter religions, 79;
and the times, 218‒9;
and original sin, 197;
and peace, 48‒9;
connected with Jewish nation, 24;
a positive religion, 23;
revival of, 119;
consciousness of, 259‒61.
_See_ Israel, Mission;
dogmas of, _see_ Dogma.

Judea, New, 128.

Justice, sacredness of, 32, 93, 133, 134, 328;
faith and, 342.

KADDISH, 160, 199 ff.

_Kiddush Hashem_, 282, 322.

Kieff, Blood Libel in, 181.

Koran, 137.

Lamdan, 99.

Language, Hebrew. _See_ Hebrew.

LAW, JEWISH, and humanity, 69, 144, 335;
study of, 5, 293;
and Israel’s immortality, 128.
_See_ Torah.

Law of Nations, 46.

Lazarus, Emma, Lucien Wolf on, 334.

LEARNING, Israel and, 162, 169, 177.
_See_ Torah.

Lecha Dodi, 203.

LEGENDS, Talmudic, 302 ff.

Liberty, and the Jew, 135, 209, 285.

LIFE, Paths of, 7 ff.;
the right, 273;
the dedicated, 289;
consists of deeds, not years, 303, 344;
life and death, 310, 344.

Light in darkness, 298.

Light, Sabbath, 201, 339;
kindling the, 202.

Lisbon, Auto-da-fé, 170.

LITERATURE, Jewish, 61, 71, 336;
classic, and the prophets, 68.

LITURGY, superiority of Jewish, 160;
George Eliot on Jewish, 161;
and prayers for the Dying, 160;
poetry and, 140.
_See_ Prayer.

Litvack, 230.

London, the Jew of East, 177.

LOVE, of God, 20, 25, 212;
to our neighbour, 39.

Loyalty to faith and country, 40‒1.
_See_ Patriotism.

Lulav, 251.

Maccabaeus, Judas, 223.

MACCABEES, 124, 218, 257 ff., 262.

Mahomet, 57.

MAN, What is? 314;
half angel, half brute, 275;
and God, 290, 318, 319;
and Nature, 328;
his descent and destiny, 197, 300;
his three friends, 311;
his work for future, 303;
Jewish great men, 74.

Manasseh ben Israel, 73.

Manners, good. _See_ Conduct.

Marriage, 8, 11, 322.

Martinez, Hernando, 167.

MARTYRDOM, Jewish, 76, 82, 168.

Mattathias, 257.

Mediation between man and God. _See_ God.

Meekness. _See_ Humility.

Meir, Rabbi, 308‒9.

MENORAH, 259 ff.

Merciful God. _See_ God.

Merit of the Children, 198.

MERIT OF THE FATHERS, 198.

MESSIANIC HOPE, 23, 48, 49.

Methodius, 174.

Middle Ages, Jew of. _See_ Jew.

Mishnah. _See_ Talmud.

Mission of Israel. _See_ Israel, Messianic Hope, Zionism.

Missionaries, Christian in China, 181.

Mitzvah, 216.
_See_ Ceremonial.

Moab, 128.

Modin, 257.

Money, 306, 311.

Monobaz, King, 306.

MONOTHEISM, 28, 196, 197.

Moors of Spain, 166 ff.

Moral Foundations, 151.

Mordecai, 264 ff.

MOSES, 35, 120, 143 ff., 146, 289;
and Israel, 64‒6;
and Art, 66.

Mother, The Jewish. _See_ Woman.

Murder, 291.

Myrtles, Palms and, 251.

Nation, Jewish. _See_ Zionism.

National consciousness. _See_ Consciousness, Jewish.

Nationalism, and the Torah, 127.

NATIONS, Israel and the, 130 ff., 186.

Nature and Man, 328.

Nazarenes, 159.

Neighbour, love of, 291.

Nemirov, Rabbi of, 230, 342.

New Moon, 205.

Newport, Hebrew Congregation and George Washington, 95;
Hebrew cemetery at, 175.

NEW YEAR FESTIVAL, 226 ff.

Nicholas, Czar, 107‒8.

Nineveh, repentance of the men of, 152.

NOBLESSE OBLIGE, 30.

NON-JEWS AND FUTURE LIFE, 26.

Norwegian and Yiddish, 98.

Original Sin, 197.

Original Virtue, 198.

Orscha, massacre at, 330.

PAIN, the Mystery of, 296;
a discipline, 296, 297, 344.

PALESTINE, as a Jewish National Home, 184;
the British Declaration on, 125 ff.;
restoration to, 120.

Palm-Branch, 251.

Pantheism, 23.

Pappus and Rabbi Akiba, 307.

Parables and legends, Talmudic, 302 ff.

Parents, duties towards, 19.

PASSOVER, 163, 207 ff.;
in Old Russia, 100;
and liberty, 285, 340;
the Seder, 206‒7.

Paths of Life, 7 ff.

PATRIOTISM, 35, 40‒1, 183.
_See_ Citizen, Jew as.

Peace and Judaism, 48‒9.

People of the Book, 57.

Peloponnesian War, 42.

PENTECOST, 211 ff.

Pericles, 42.

PERSECUTION, 97, 166‒70, 178‒80, 285, 340.
_See_ Pogrom, Israel.

Persians, 186.

Peter the Hermit, 164.

PHARISEES, 159.

Philo on Prayer, 189.

Pleasure, worldly, 312.
_See_ Asceticism, Joy.

Pluralism, 23.

Poets, Poetry, 147;
folk-song, 323.

POGROM in Russia, 100‒5, 330.
_See_ Persecution.

Polytheism, 4.

POOR, 33, 140, 288;
Jewish, 33, 177.

Popes, repudiate Blood Libel, 181.

Portugal and the Jews, 90, 166 ff.

Posterity, duty to, 303.

Praise of God’s works, 189.

PRAYER, 160, 161, 189 ff.;
Philo on, 189;
and Tears, 285.
_See_ Liturgy.

Preservation of Israel. _See_ Israel.

Pride, 281, 285.

PROPHETS, the Hebrew, 67‒8, 151, 328.

Proselytes, 26, 27, 136.
_See_ Conversion.

Providence, 3.

PSALMS, The, 147 ff.

PURIM, 264‒5.

Quakers, 181.

RABBIS, Work of the, 69‒72.

Rashi, 327.

Rebecca (Ivanhoe), 141.

Redeemer, God as, 39, 193.

REJOICING OF THE LAW, 254 ff.

RELIGION, 13, 282;
and morality, 215;
and Education, 13, 324;
custom in, 217;
fight for, 262;
and science, 195;
and Zionism, 127‒8.

REPENTANCE, 5, 22, 226, 243, 278, 288.

Resignation, 308‒9, 315. RESPONSIBILITY, Jewish, 6, 30, 35, 244, 322.

Resurrection, 286.
_See_ Immortality.

Revelation and Israel, 64, 132, 336.

Revival, Israel’s, 122.
_See_ Israel.

Richard I, and the Jews, 83.

RIGHTEOUSNESS, 67 ff., 134, 328.

Romanoffs, Under the, 106.

ROME AND ISRAEL, 4, 77 ff., 133‒4, 186, 223.

Rousseau, 173.

RUSSIA, Jew of, 97, 99, 100, 101 ff., 178‒80, 323, 330 ff.;
Olive Schreiner on the, 177.

SABBATH, 12, 27, 144, 201 ff., 339.

Sage, Jewish, 34.

Saintliness. _See_ Holiness.

Salvation, secured by conduct, 25.

SCHOLARSHIP, Jewish, 162; 16, 17, 99.

Science and Judaism, 195.

Scripture, interpretations, 63.
_See_ Bible.

Scroll of the Law, 214.

SEDER, the, 206, 163.

Self-denial. _See_ Dietary Laws.

Selfishness, 158, 290.

Self-reliance, 158, 290.

SELF-RESPECT, Jewish, 36.

Selichoth, 230.

Sepher Torah, 214.

Servant of God, 266, 285.

Service of God, joyous, 253;
the morning, 190‒1.

Service of Synagogue. _See_ Liturgy, Synagogue, Prayer.

Shakespeare, 90.

Shame, 287.

Shammai, 253.

SHEMA, 24, 196.

Ships, Parable of the two, 310.

Shofar, 227.

SHYLOCK, 90.

Sick, visiting the, 7.

SIMCHAS TORAH, 254 ff.

SIN, 235, 282;
Original Sin, 197.

Sincerity, 295.

Slaughtering, Ritual, of Animals, 178.

SLAVERY, Spiritual, 36, 79, 123.

Social Justice, 133, 134.

SOLDIER, THE JEWISH, 41.

Song of the Three Children quoted, 165.

Soul, 20, 197, 240;
Soul and body, 313.

South Africa and the Russian Jew, 177.

SPAIN, Expulsion from, 86‒8, 166‒9.

Speech, 20.

Spiritualism, the real, 198.

STUDENT, the Jewish, 17, 162.

Superstition, 10.

Symbols. _See_ Ceremonies.

Sympathy, 32.

SYNAGOGUE, the, 14, 161 ff.
_See_ Prayer, Liturgy.

TABERNACLES, 250 ff.

TALMUD, 69 ff.;
sayings from, 285 ff.;
parables and legends, 6, 302 ff.;
study of, 17, 34;
burning of the, 156, 162.
_See_ Index of Sources.

Tarphon, Rabbi, 318.

Temple, 172, 185, 218, 291.

TEN COMMANDMENTS, 215.

Tephillin, 216, 341.

TIME AND ETERNITY, 301.

Times, Judaism and the, 218.

Toledo, massacre at, 167.

TOLERANCE, 25 ff., 136, 160, 306;
Jew, emblem of, 136, 306.

TORAH, meaning of, 17;
student of, 17;
and Israel, 127, 128, 307.
_See_ Law, Bible.

TORAH, SEPHER, 214.

Torquemada, 166;
a new, 179.

Tragedy of Assimilation, 119.

Transcendentalism of God, 193.

TREASURES, earthly, 304;
heavenly, 306.

Trust in God, 50, 204, 239.

TRUTH, 8, 20, 272, 284.

UKRAINE, multi-massacres in, 331.

Uprightness, 20.

UNITY OF GOD. _See_ God, Shema.

UNIVERSALISM, Jewish, 25, 26, 69, 158, 210, 306.

Valentia, massacre at, 167.

Versions of the Bible. _See_ Bible.

Vedas, 137.

‘Veteran of History’, 30.

Virtue, Original, 198.

Voltaire, 173.

WAR, the Great, 46, 47.

War Graves Commission, 325.

Warrior, Jew as, 41.

WASHINGTON, George, and the Jews, 95‒6.

WATCH ON THE JORDAN, 117.

WEEKS, FEAST OF. _See_ Pentecost.

White Garments on Day of Atonement, 236.

WICKED, thoughts of, 277;
repentance of, 278.

Widow, duty to, 8.

Wife. _See_ Woman.

WILL, freedom of, 276, 328.

WISDOM, 19, 158, 270, 281, 284;
true, 317;
the wise and foolish, 280‒1.

Witness, Israel as. _See_ Israel.

WOMAN, Jewish, 8, 10‒12.

Words, ill, 8, 9;
multiplying, 20.

Work, 20, 318.

Works, good, 311.

Worship, Public. _See_ Liturgy, Synagogue.

Yahrzeit, 199.

YIDDISH, 98;
Cradle song, 12;
folk-song, 323;
literature, 333.

Yogi, Jewish, 34.

YOM KIPPUR. _See_ Atonement, Day of.

YORK, Jews of, 83‒5.

Youth, its opportunities, 5;
its obligations, 18‒21.

Zechut Abot. _See_ Original Virtue.

ZEDAKAH, 31, 32.
_See_ Justice, Charity.

Zerubbabel, 124.

ZION, Halevi’s Ode to, 220.

ZIONISM, 117‒28, 183, 184, 334;
and religion, 127‒8.

Zohar, 34.

Zunz, 35.

PRINTED AT OXFORD, ENGLAND
BY FREDERICK HALL,
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY

Footnotes.

1 – Cf. p. 141.

2 – The Greek-speaking Jewish communities of antiquity, especially
Alexandria, Egypt.

3 – The word Torah has various meanings――the Pentateuch, the
Bible, the Talmud, as well as the whole body of religious
study and practice.

4 – In use in English Sephardi Congregations on the occasion of a
lad reaching the age of thirteen――his religious majority (Bar
Mitzvah).

5 – Lived about 10 B.C.E.‒90 C.E. See p. 292.

6 – Lived first century; President of the Academy at Yabneh.

7 – From _The Jewish Encyclopedia_, ‘Judaism’ (London and New York:
Funk & Wagnalls).

8 – In the first century, large numbers of non-Jews throughout the
Roman world became proselytes to Judaism.

9 – In Hebrew there is only one word, _Zedakah_, for both Charity
and Justice. Charity to the poor is thus merely justice to the
poor.

10 – From _Sermons_ (London: Geo. Routledge & Sons).

11 – School, usually for religious instruction only.

12 – From _Anglo-Jewish Memories_ (London: Geo. Routledge & Sons).

13 – From _Songs of a Wanderer_ (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication
Society).

14 – Cf. p. 214.

15 – Cf. pp. 137‒140.

16 – Name for Synagogue liturgical poet.

17 – The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation, with the aid of
previous versions and with constant consultation of Jewish
Authorities. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia.

18 – From ‘The Position of Judaism’, _North American Review_,
April, 1895.

19 – Cf. p. 143.

20 – Cf. p. 151‒4.

21 – Cf. p. 157.

22 – Cf. p. 159.

23 – Only the sudden death of the deranged emperor saved the
defenceless population from fearful massacre.

24 – The Jewish communities in the Rhine region were then
decimated by massacre or by self-immolation in order to
escape baptism.

25 – Term for ‘rabbi’ among Sephardi Jews.

26 – On the day following the expulsion, Columbus set sail for
the discovery of America.

27 – Poetic name for Israel.

28 – ‘Ishmael’ and ‘Persia’ stand for Mohammedan and Christian
Powers respectively.

29 – From _Blind Children_ (London: Heinemann).

30 – One of the oldest Jewish congregations on the North American
continent; founded in 1658.

31 – From _History of the Jews in Poland and Russia_ (London:
G. P. Putnam’s Sons).

32 – From _The Jewish World_, London.

33 – From _The Promised Land_ (London: Heinemann).

34 – From _The Promised Land_ (London: Heinemann).

35 – From _Stories and Pictures_ (Jewish Publication Society,
Philadelphia).

36 – From _Children of the Ghetto_ (London: Heinemann).

37 – See p. 184.

38 – From _History of the People of Israel_ (London: Chapman
& Hall).

39 – See p. 290.

40 – Cf. pp. 57‒63.

41 – From _Passages of the Bible Chosen for their Literary Beauty_
(London: A. & C. Black).

42 – The Works of T. H. Huxley (London: Macmillan & Co.).

43 – Cf. p. 66.

44 – Cf. pp. 67 and 68.

45 – The Book of Jonah, together with Isaiah 58, is the prophetical
Lesson for the Day of Atonement.

46 – From _History of the Jewish Church_ (London: John Murray).

47 – Cf. p. 69.

48 – See p. 290 for the exact wording of Hillel’s saying.

49 – Cf. p. 72.

50 – See p. 268.

51 – Authorized Prayer Book, p. 317.

52 – From _Daniel Deronda_ (London: William Blackwood & Sons).

53 – From _Israel Among the Nations_ (London: Heinemann).

54 – From _Historical Miniatures_ (London: George Allen & Unwin).

55 – A book in the Apocrypha.

56 – From _History of Rationalism in Europe_ (London: Longmans,
Green & Co.).

57 – From _A Short History of the English People_ (London:
Macmillan & Co.).

58 – See foot-note, p. 95. In consequence of the American
Revolution, the congregation became extinct. No Jew lived
in Newport when this poem was written.

59 – Cp. pp. 97‒108.

60 – From _Democracy and Liberty_ (London: Longmans, Green & Co.).

61 – Cp. p. 125.

62 – From _The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg_ (London: Chatto
& Windus).

63 – Authorized Prayer Book, p. 3.

64 – From _Songs of a Jew_ (London: Geo. Routledge & Sons).

65 – _Scroll of the Law._

66 – Plural of _Mitzvah_, a ritual precept or ceremonial law.
_Mitzvah_ also means ‘a good deed’.

67 – See p. 290.

68 – Johanan ben Zakkai, pupil of Hillel and leader of Israel after
the Destruction of Jerusalem (70 C.E.). He rescued Judaism by
founding the Academy at Jabneh.

69 – From _Service of the Synagogue_ (George Routledge & Sons).

70 – Term for ‘rabbi’ among the Chassidim or Pietists of Eastern
Europe.

71 – Penitential Prayers before New Year and Atonement Day.

72 – Temporary group of worshippers; also term for the quorum of
ten males required for public worship; see p. 6, last line.

73 – From _Service of the Synagogue_ (Geo. Routledge & Sons).

74 – Reading Desk, usually in the centre of the Synagogue.

75 – From _Service of the Synagogue_ (George Routledge & Sons).

76 – ‘Your health!’

77 – See 2 Maccabees for the story of the martyr mother and her
seven sons.

78 – Cf. p. 156.

79 – In _The Jewish Encyclopedia_, ‘Holiness’ (London and New York:
Funk & Wagnalls).

80 – See foot-note p. 218.

81 – Greatest of Mishna teachers; mystic, warrior, and martyr
(132 C.E.).

82 – Companion of Akiba; declared the brotherhood of man to be the
fundamental principle of religion.

83 – Most renowned of the Rabbis; born in Babylon about one hundred
years before the Destruction of the Temple (70 C.E.).

84 – Died in the middle of the first century.

85 – Lived 135‒220; ‘Patriarch’ and editor of the Mishna.

86 – Mishna teacher of the 2nd century.

87 – Mishna teacher of the 2nd century.

* * * * * *

Transcriber’s note:

Punctuation has been standardized.

This book was written in a period when many words had not become standardized in their spelling. Words may have multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in the text. These have been left unchanged unless indicated below.

Index references have not been checked for accuracy.

Changes made

Page 112:
Sentence starting: And through the rushing....
– ‘speakly’ replaced with ‘speaking’
(speaking sweetly as a violin.)

Page 218:
Sentence starting: When the Temple at Jerusalem....
– ‘Wordly’ replaced with ‘Worldly’
(when Worldly Wisdom would)

Page 237:
Sentence starting: Israel appears before God....
– ‘Atonenent’ replaced with ‘Atonement’
(on the Atonement Day)

Page 325:
Sentence starting: 36. Achad Ha’am:...
– ‘Ahad’ replaced with ‘Achad’
(Achad Ha’am:)

Page 359:
Sentence starting: Bontzye Shweig,...
– ‘169’ replaced with ‘109’
(Bontzye Shweig, 109 ff.)

Page 361:
Sentence starting: ....
– ‘Azariah’ replaced with ‘Azaryah’
(Eleazar ben Azaryah, 19.)