Chapter XXVII: Appendix: Provinces and Prefectures (3)

It is the purpose as soon as possible to increase the number of courses; to add, for instance, pedagogy (including sociology, psychology, etc.), music, science, art, and calisthenics. It is intended also to extend the preparatory course downward, so that it shall include, not a _Kōtō Gakkō_ only as at present, but also a _Shō Gakkō_ (Grammar School) and a kindergarten. Thus the system of female education will be complete in all its grades: from three to six in the kindergarten; six years in the grammar school; five years in the secondary school (_Kōtō Jō Gakkō_); three years in the university; with a post-graduate course of three years. Then surely the institution will be worthy to be called a university.

STATISTICS OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN[229]

Under the title, “The Present State of Christianity,” the “Tōkyō Maishū Shinshi” publishes a number of statistics culled from the Rev. D. S. Spencer’s “Tidings from Japan.” Here is the “Maishū Shinshi’s” summary of Mr. Spencer’s report:

===============+===============+==============+============
MISSIONS. | MISSIONARIES. | NATIVE |
| | PASTORS AND | MEMBERS.[230]
| | EVANGELISTS. |
---------------+---------------+--------------+------------
Protestant | 789 | 494 | 50,512
Roman Catholic | 229 | 98 | 55,824
Greek Church | 4 | 152 | 27,245
===============+===============+==============+============

These figures, when compared with those of ten years ago, do not, as far as the Greek Church and the Roman Catholic Church are concerned, indicate remarkable progress, but to Protestants they are on the whole encouraging. There are 23 Protestant denominations working in Japan, but the most important sects are the Congregationalists, the Presbyterians, the Episcopalians, the Methodists, and the Baptists. The statistics for the 5 principal missions are as follows:—

===============+=============+=========+=========+==========+==========
MISSIONS. | FOREIGN | JAPANESE| ADULT |INCLUDING |BAPTISMS
|MISSIONARIES.| PASTORS.| MEMBERS.|CHILDREN. | LAST
| | | | | YEAR.
---------------+-------------+---------+---------+----------+----------
Congregational | 71 | 45 | 10,856 | 11,548 | 880
Presbyterian | 153 | 79 | 10,156 | 11,651 | 1,213
Episcopalian | 224 | 47 | 9,968 | 10,997 | 846
Methodist | 233 | 125 | 9,283 | 9,711 | 1,598
Baptist | 56 | 9 | 2,213 | 2,213 | 328
===============+=============+=========+=========+==========+==========

The following table gives other interesting particulars:

================+===========+=================+===========
MISSIONS. | CHURCHES. | SELF-SUPPORTING | CHURCH
| | CHURCHES. | PROPERTY.
| | | _Yen._
----------------+-----------+-----------------+-----------
Congregational | 81 | 34 | 125,794
Presbyterian | 71 | 23 | 218,252
Episcopalian | 69 | 2 |
Methodist | 146 | 13 | 225,559
Baptist | 30 | |
================+===========+=================+===========

================+===========+==================+============
MISSIONS. | SUNDAY- | NATIVE | AMOUNT PER
| SCHOOL | MONEY SUBSCRIBED.| MEMBER.
| SCHOLARS. | _Yen._ | _Yen. Sen._
----------------+-----------+------------------+------------
Congregational | 6,880 | 33,791 | 3.11
Presbyterian | 7,879 | 29,027 | 2.86
Episcopalian | 5,524 | 15,827 | 1.59
Methodist | 12,613 | 30,011 | 3.24
Baptist | 3,775 | 4,283 | 1.94
================+===========+==================+============

It is calculated that if all the different kinds of property held by the Protestant Church be included, it is worth over 1,500,000 _yen_.

_The Catholic Church in Japan_

A writer signing himself “K. M.” contributes to the “Fukuin Shimpō” an account of the methods followed by the Roman Catholics and of their work in Japan, said to have been derived from an interview with L’Abbé E. Ligneul. The following is a summary of “K. M.’s” article. (1) _The revival of Roman Catholicism in Japan._ This began at Nagasaki in 1865, where a church was built and when the descendants of the old Christians came forward in large numbers to welcome the arrival of foreign missionaries. Having mentioned the principal works of reference on the Roman Catholic Missions in Japan, M. Ligneul went on to speak (2) _Of the present state of their churches_. The following table gives the numerical strength of the mission:--

===============+===========+==========+==============+==============
| | | | FOREIGN
ECCLESIASTICAL | | JAPANESE | JAPANESE | MISSIONARIES
DISTRICTS. | CONVERTS. | PRIESTS. | EVANGELISTS. | (MALE).
---------------+-----------+----------+--------------+--------------
Tōkyō | 9,245 | 4 | 20 | 37
Nagasaki | 38,160 | 27 | 180 | 31
Ōsaka | 4,273 | 2 | 40 | 27
Hakodate | 4,643 | 1 | 20 | 20
---------------+-----------+----------+--------------+--------------
Total | 56,321 | 34 | 260 | 115
===============+===========+==========+==============+==============

The fact that comparatively little is known of the work being carried on by the Roman Catholics throughout the country is no accidental affair. It is one of the principles observed by the whole mission to refrain from the use of the methods employed by other missions for making their work known to the public generally.

_The Greek Church in Japan_

In the issue of the “Tserkovniya Vyedomosti” or “Church Gazette” (the official organ of the Russian Church) for March 29 (O. S.) there is a long article taken from the “Moscow Gazette” on the state of the Greek Church in Japan.

The writer says that there are now 260 congregations, one more than last year; 41 clergymen, including 1 bishop, 2 Russian clergymen (who have now left Japan—Translator), 30 Japanese clergymen, 1 Russian deacon, 7 Japanese deacons: altogether three more persons than last year; Christians 27,245 (935 more than last year); Catechists 1,214 (643 adults, 571 minors, altogether 305 more than last year); deaths 279 (18 less than last year); marriages 29 (9 more than last year); churches or preachers’ houses 174. The sum of the offerings made by the Christians in support of their church totalled 11,870 _yen_ 41.8 _sen_, 4,505 _yen_ 72.5 _sen_ more than last year. The number of pupils in Mission schools totalled 152, 12 less than last year.

* * * * *

The annual meeting of clergy (Shinpin Kwaigi) of the Greek Church Mission was held in the cathedral of that mission in Tōkyō on the 15th inst. It was reported at the meeting that there were 1,037 converts last year, deaths 320; and now that the members of the church number 27,956, including 40 clergymen and 146 _denkiosha_ (preachers or unordained evangelists and helpers).

JAPAN’S NATIONAL SONG[231]

Few Europeans have learned to detect and enjoy the subtle beauty of Japanese poetry. Fewer still, perhaps, are acquainted with the delicate charm of the little poem which, although not a hymn, takes the place in Japanese minds and hearts of the Briton’s “God Save the King,” or the American’s “My Country, ’tis of Thee.” It is sung to a native air, the custom being to sing the poem through thrice, and when thus rendered by a large and enthusiastic company it is often truly impressive. The poem itself is very old, being found in the “Manyōshiu,” which dates from about the middle of the eighth century, and its author is unknown. As originally composed, it was not addressed to the actual ruler, but in all probability to an Emperor who had gone into retirement. Now, however, it is exclusively applied to the reigning Sovereign. The poem consists of the usual number of thirty-one syllables, and runs as follows:—

Kimi ga yo wa
Chiyo ni yachiyo ni
Sazare ishi no
Iwao to narite
Koke no musu made.

So far as we are aware only two English translations have been published. One of these is by Viscount Fukuba, and, closely following the original, reads as follows:

“May our Sovereign live for thousands and ten thousands of years, until the tiny pebble becomes a moss-covered rock.”

The other, by Professor Chamberlain, is more finished but less literal than the foregoing, and is included in his excellent “Classical Poetry of the Japanese”:—

“A thousand years of happy life be thine!
Live on, My lord, till what are pebbles now,
By age united, to great rocks shall grow,
Whose venerable sides the moss doth line.”

To the above translations may be added a third by the late Dr. Gordon:—

“O Prince upon the throne!
Ten thousand years live on,
Till pebbles shall great rocks become
With moss all overgrown!”

FLORAL JAPAN

The Japanese are a nature-loving people, and frequently give practical expression to their feelings by taking a holiday simply for “flower-viewing.” At the proper season the entire nation, so to speak, takes a day off, and turns out on a big picnic to see the plum blossoms, or the cherry blossoms, or the maples, or the chrysanthemums. No utilitarian views of the value of time or miserly conceptions of the expense of such outings prevail for a moment; for the Japanese are worshippers of beauty rather than of the “almighty dollar.” A few pennies on such occasions bring many pleasures; and business interests are sacrificed at the shrine of beauty. And, as one or more flowers are blooming every month, because twigs, leaves, grasses, etc., are included in the scope of the word _hana_, there is almost a continuous round of such picnics during the year. It is our purpose, therefore, to arrange a calendar of flowers popular each month.

At the very outset we are confronted with a chronological difficulty in presenting this subject to Western readers. For the programme of Japanese floral festivals was originally arranged on the basis of the old lunar calendar so long in vogue in Japan. By that calendar the New Year came in at varying dates from about the 21st of January up to the 19th of February; in 1903 it fell on Thursday, January 29; so that it is from three to seven weeks behind the Occidental solar calendar. And yet, when Japan adopted the Gregorian calendar, many of these festivals were transferred to the “New Style” without regard to the awful anachronism that necessarily followed.

For instance, the following is a floral programme according to the “Old Style”:—

OLD STYLE. NEW STYLE.

1st month, February Pine.
2d „ March Plum.
3d „ April Cherry.
4th „ May Wistaria.
5th „ June Iris.
6th „ July Tree peony.
7th „ August Lezpedeza.
8th „ September Eularia.
9th „ October Chrysanthemum.
10th „ November Maple.
11th „ December Willow.
12th „ January Paulownia.

Now, the pine is chosen for the 1st month (O. S.) on account of the prominent part that it plays in the New Year’s decorations, but when the new year begins the first of January, that calendar suffers serious dislocation, because all of the other flowers cannot be moved a whole month.

A similar confusion arises in connection with the great festival of the “autumn full moon,” in which certain grasses also figured. By the lunar calendar it fell about the 15th day of the 8th month, which never comes in the Western 8th month, August. It came in 1902 on September 18; and 1903 it will not come until early in October! It may now be readily seen how difficult it is in Japan to run on schedule time!

But, taking all these difficulties into consideration, and harmonizing them so far as possible, we have been able to construct the following modern Japanese floral calendar:—

January Pine.
February Plum.
March Peach.
April Cherry.
May Wistaria.
June Iris.
July Morning-glory.
August Lotus.
September “Seven Grasses.”
October Chrysanthemum.
November Maple.
December Camellia.

JAPAN AND SIAM[232]

Mr. Inagaki, Japanese Representative in Bangkok, has been making strenuous efforts to bring about the establishment of a direct line of steamers between Japan and Siam. He maintains that there cannot be any substantial development of trade without some improvement of the means of communication. Tōkyō newspapers report that the Ōsaka Shōsen Kaisha has been induced to undertake the extension of its Formosan line to Siam, and that arrangements are now under discussion with the Formosan officials.

In a lecture delivered by Mr. Inagaki before the Japan Economic Society, he insisted that Siam could be of the greatest service to Japan in supplying raw materials and food stuffs. Her production of sugar, hemp, and gum is very large, and whereas her export of silk ten years ago was only 250,000 _yen_, it is now 10 millions. The Siamese government has decided to devote a quarter of a million _yen_ to agricultural experimental stations, and there can be no doubt that if Japan sent seeds of raw materials to be grown in that country, fine results would be obtained. It is important that a country like Japan should have a source of supply which would certainly remain neutral in time of war, and Siam is essentially such a source. This question of food supply will one day be as important for Japan as it is already for England, and its solution seems to lie in the direction of Siam.

FORMOSA UNDER JAPAN

Concerning Formosa under Japanese rule the following additional items are worthy of notice. The Governor-General, 1913, is Count Sakuma.

It has been pointed out by the “Japan Mail” that the revenue of the new territory in the first six years after its cession to Japan has increased by 600 per cent, as shown in the following table:—

_Yen._
1896 2,710,000
1897 5,320,000
1898 8,250,000
1899 11,750,000
1900 14,900,000
1901 16,370,000

* * * * *

The number of the pest patients in Formosa has been decreasing year after year, as the following returns for the period January 1 to June 17 of the respective years show:—

CASES. MORTALITY.
1901 3,481 2,619
1902 1,795 1,352
1903 750 606

* * * * *

The government is making strenuous efforts to increase the export trade. It has subsidized a modern sugar-mill which has commenced operations in South Formosa, manufacturing brown sugar for refining purposes; it has likewise given assistance to a white-sugar factory; it has started an experimental paper-factory; in fact, it has devoted all its energies toward increasing the island’s productions. Independent Japanese firms have likewise done a good deal, though not as much as we had reason to anticipate. Two gold-quartz mills, one being of considerable size, are successfully at work in the Formosan gold fields; two wealthy companies are engaged in plantation work on a large scale in Southeast and in North Formosa; and there is a glass-factory in the north, several Japanese-owned coal-mines, a paper-factory at Kagi, several modern salt farms, and other small industries, to Japanese credit. In improving transportation, the Japanese have done much, and are planning to do much more. The Chinese railway line was handed over to the Japanese in such a condition that it had to be all reconstructed. We thus have practically a new line to Kelung and another to Shinchiku (formerly Teckoham). In addition to these, new lines were constructed from Taihoku to Tamsui, and from Takow to Shinyeisho via Tainan-fu, which gives a total of 93 miles of rail. The trunk line connecting the north and south is now in course of construction.[233] The Japanese have also built over 200 miles of narrow gauge for the temporary transport of military supplies, general freight, and passengers. Nearly a thousand miles of ordinary road have been constructed.[234]

* * * * *

Rev. W. Campbell, a Scotch missionary in Formosa, testifies concerning what Japan has accomplished in the island:—

At the outset it should be remembered that, when they [Japanese] arrived in 1895, instead of being allowed to take quiet possession, they found the people everywhere up in arms against them, and had literally to fight their way from north to south before anything like settled government could be established.... Immediately after some measure of peace had been restored, the executive sent out qualified experts to engage in survey work and to report on the resources of their newly ceded territory.

A complete census of the population was taken in 1897, 800 miles of roads were made, and a tramway line laid down from Takow to Sin-tek. This was followed by construction of the main line of railway from Kelung to Takow, about one-half of which has already been opened for goods and passenger traffic. Three cables were also laid down, connecting Formosa with Japan, Foochow, and the Pescadores, and over the existing 1,500 miles of telegraph and telephone wires immediate communication has been made possible with every important inland centre. The post offices recently opened in Formosa number over a hundred, and letters can now be sent to any part of the empire for two cents each. Up till the close of 1899, 122 government educational institutions had been established, only 9 of those being for Japanese, and 113 for natives. There are at present 10 principal Government hospitals in the island, at which about 60,000 patients are treated gratuitously every year, while sanitary precautions and free vaccination have become so general that the danger from visitations like small-pox and plague has been very much reduced.[235]

THE AMERICO-JAPANESE ENTENTE

“1. It is the wish of the two Governments to encourage the free and peaceful development of their commerce on the Pacific Ocean;

“2. The policy of both Governments, uninfluenced by any aggressive tendencies, is directed to the maintenance of the existing _status quo_ in the region above mentioned and to the defence of the principle of equal opportunity for commerce and industry in China;

“3. They are accordingly firmly resolved reciprocally to respect the territorial possessions belonging to each other in said region;

“4. They are also determined to preserve the common interests of all Powers in China, by supporting by all pacific means at their disposal, the independence and integrity of China and the principle of equal opportunity for commerce and industry of all nations in that Empire;

“5. Should any event occur threatening the _status quo_ as above described, or the principle of equal opportunity as above defined, it remains for the two Governments to communicate with each other in order to arrive at an understanding as to what measures they may consider it useful to take.”

INDEX

A

Abdication, practice of, 90, 97

Aborigines, 44

Academy of Music, Tōkyō, 217

Acrobats, 66

Actors’ guild, 27

Adams, Will, 91

“Advance Japan,” 15, 28, 59, 117, 132, 158, 208

Agricultural College, 216

Agricultural College in China, 297

Agricultural experiment stations, Siam, 411

Agriculture, 16-22, 216, 350

Ainu, 44, 45

“Ainu Folk-lore,” 45

“Ainu of Japan,” 45

Akashi, 8

Alaska, 15

Alcock, 117

Ale, 56

Aleutian Islands, 15

Almonds, 351

Amaterasu, _see_ Sun-Goddess

America, 2, 3, 7, 14, 20, 21, 28, 34, 37, 61, 106, 112, 140, 145,
189, 213, 219, 220, 237, 268, 270, 271, 281, 285, 290, 292, 299-301

American baby, first, 60;
books, favorite, 204;
fleet visits Japan, 335;
life, 80;
state legislature, 135

“American Japanese Relations,” 341

“American Journal of Sociology,” 175

“American Missionary in Japan, An,” 190, 269

Americans, 33, 36, 47, 66, 79, 104, 107, 144, 165, 168, 210, 216

Americo-Japanese Entente, the, 335

Amoy, 295

Amusements, 66-69

Anarchists, 337

Ancestors, worship of, 64

“Ancestor-Worship and Japanese Law,” 174, 249

“Ancient Matters, Records of,” 92

Anderson, 235

Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 4, 92, 147, 153, 154, 156, 157, 299, 332, 338

Anglo-Saxon influence, 157;
town meeting, 142

Anglo-Saxons, 128, 168, 310

Animals, _see_ names of animals

“Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,” 129

Anti-Christian edicts removed, 91, 111, 112

Anti-foreign reaction, 92, 114, 115

Antimony, 23

Aomori, 17, 32

Aoyama, Dr., 220

Apples, 19

Apricots, 19

Arbitration treaty with United States, 335

Architecture, 51, 91

Area, 5, 7

Arima, 8

Arita ware, 229

Armor, 230

Army, 126, 147-151;
statistics, 381, 382

Arnold, Sir Edwin, 78, 253

Arsenal, 149, 150, 286

“Art Japonais, L’,” 235, 236

Artisans, 48, 82

“Artistic Japan,” 236

“Artist’s Letters from Japan, An,” 236

Arts, fine, 91, 222-236;
mechanical, 24, 25

Aryans, 45

Asahigawa, 149

Asakawa, 328

Asama, 8

Ashikaga period, 98, 99

Ashikaga supremacy, 91

Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 233

Asia, 14, 149, 156, 281, 292, 294, 301

“Asia, the key of,” 4;
Eastern, supremacy of Japan in, 299, 300

“Asiatic Loch Lomond,” 8

Asiatic Society of Japan, Transactions, 20, 22, 43, 54, 61, 62, 71,
83, 89, 92, 101, 132, 133, 145, 159, 174, 199, 208, 231, 249, 255,
259, 261

Aso, Mount, 8

Aso, Prof. S., 402

“As the Hague Ordains,” 328

Aston, W. G., 50, 92, 208, 232, 236, 249

Atami, 8

Athletics, 66

“Atlantic Monthly,” 302

Atsu, Prince, 123

Audsley, G. A., 235, 236

Australasia, 281

Australia, 34, 45

Austria, 85

Automobiles, 31, 34

Autumn, Japanese, 12

“Awakening of the East, The,” 28, 158

“Awakening of Japan, The,” 117, 304, 328

Ayrton, Mrs. Chaplin-, 75

B

Babylon, 300

Bacon, Miss Alice M., 59, 75, 189, 190, 221

Badgers, 13

Baelz, Dr., 46, 47

Baggage, 29

Baggage check system, American, 33

Bakan, 9

Ballard, Miss, 70

Ballard, Walter J., 356

Baltic fleet, Russian, 316, 317-318

Bamboo, 13, 22, 74

Bananas, 19

Bandai, Mount, 8, 113

Bank of Formosa, 38

Bank of Japan, 38, 39, 92, 170;
organized, 113

Banks, national, 38;
_see also_ specific names;
private, 38;
savings, 38, 39;
deposits, 364

Baptists, 264, 272, 404, 405

Barbers’ guild, 27

Barley, 19, 26, 55

Base-ball, 66

Bastiat’s “Science of Finance,” 206

Batchelor, J., 45

Bathing, 58, 59

Battleships, _see_ Warships

Bays, 9

Beans, 19, 37, 55

Bear, 13

Beechey, Capt., 105

Beef, 54

Beer, 56;
brewing, 24

Beets, 19

Beggars, 48;
guild, 27

Bellows, U. S. Consul, 351

Bettelheim, Dr., 105

Bevan, Paul, 236

Bicycle boats, 85

Bicycles, 31, 34, 280, 281

Biddle, Commodore, 105

Bimetalism, 92, 111

Bing, S., 236

Bird, Miss, _see_ Bishop, Mrs. Isabella Bird

Birds, 13

Birth and birthdays, 60, 61

Bishop, Mrs. Isabella Bird, 15, 43, 45, 341

Biwa Lake, 8

Bizen ware, 229

Black, J. R., 117, 200

Blind, the, 217

“Blossom,” 105

“Blue-Jacket Spirit,” 152

Boar, 13

Boatmen, 30

Boats, 29, 31;
_see also_ Steamboats

Boissonade, M., 161

Bonin Islands, 34

Books, 197, 203-206

Booth, General, 334

Bowes, J. L., 235

Boxer troubles, 115, 146, 153, 308

Bramhall, Mrs., 60, 75, 221

Brick industry, 24

Bricklayers’ guild, 27

Brinkley, Captain, 208, 231-233, 235, 309, 311

British, 7, 66

British Columbia, 14

Brothels, 166, 167, 271

Buckwheat, 19

Buddha, 253-255, 260;
statue of, 228;
birthday, 74

Buddhism, 48, 54, 90, 96, 99, 177, 224, 237, 252-260, 269, 288;
Buddhist ceremonies, 62;
education, 209;
festivals, 63, 65;
periodicals, 203;
philosophy, 198;
priests, 224, 258;
temples, 65, 166, 240, 243, 253, 258

Buffalo, N. Y., 37

Bushidō, 251-252

“Bushidō, the Soul of Japan,” 89, 239, 252, 261

Business ability of Japanese, 39-42, 82-83

“Business men’s party,” 131

Business men, American, visit Japan, 335;
Japanese visit United States, 337

Butter, 37

Button industry, 24

Byron, Lord, 204

C

Cabinet, 124, 125, 130, 143, 340, 375, 376;
reconstruction, 113, 114

California, 5, 14, 37

Camellia, 410;
trees, 12

Campbell, W., 398

Camphor, 37;
trees, 12, 21

Canada, 335

Canadian Pacific steamship line, 3

Candles, 37

Canning industry, 22

Canton river, 14

Capital punishment, 162

Capitals of Japan, 91, 96, 97

Carpenters, wages of, 26, 360;
guild, 27

Carriage, 281

Carrots, 19

Cary, Otis, 89, 249, 259, 276

“Catalogue of Japanese and Chinese Paintings in the British
Museum,” 235

“Catalogue of the Morse Collection of Japanese Pottery,” 235

Cats, 13

Caucasians, 45

Cedar trees, 12

Cemeteries, 258, 259

Central America, 291

Chamberlain, B. H., 15, 22, 45, 58, 75, 86, 92, 152, 161, 192, 197,
199, 208, 222, 236, 252, 256, 408

Chang Chih-tung, Viceroy, 297

Changtu, occupation of, 317

Cha-no-Yu, _see_ Tea-ceremonial

Characteristics of the people, 46-50, 76-89

“Charter Oath,” 91, 110-112, 118

“Chautauquan, The,” 211, 401

Chemulpo, 311

Cherry flowers, 65, 79, 408-410;
trees, 13

Chestnuts, 19

Chicago, 3, 11, 37, 38

Chickens, 13, 54, 56

“Child-Life in Japan,” 75

Children, 66, 181, 182

China, 4, 5, 7, 14, 21, 34, 35, 37, 42, 92, 96, 99, 103, 106, 115,
143, 146, 149, 150, 153, 154, 157, 221, 224, 237, 250, 255, 285,
287, 291, 292, 294-299, 301;
tribute to, 91;
war with, 92, 115, 307, 308;
Japanese influence in, 294-298;
Revolution, 340

“China and the Far East,” 341

Chinese, 7, 85, 94, 100, 105, 143, 144, 178, 198, 281, 297, 298;
Chinese art, 224;
Chinese Empire, 157;
ideographs, 193, 194, 207, 220, 227;
government service, 297;
language, 209;
literature, 90, 208, 209, 296;
zodiac, 71;
students in Japan, 340

“Chinese Recorder,” 297

Ching-ho-cheng, 317

Cholera, 10

Chop-sticks, 55

Chōshiu, Clan of, 109

Christian home, 177

Christian literature, 265, 266;
periodicals, 203

“Christian Movement in Japan, The,” 276

Christianity, 48, 61, 71, 91, 99, 100, 107, 111, 156-158, 167,
177, 190, 219, 237, 240, 242, 243, 247-249, 253, 256, 259, 276,
286-288;
helped by war, 324, 334, 336, 337;
statistics, 404-406;
_see also_ Anti-Christian

“Christianity in Japan, History of,” 276

“Christianity in Modern Japan,” 276

Christmas, 66

Chromoxylography, _see_ Color printing

“Chronicle,” Kōbe, 201

“Chronicles of Japan,” 92

Chrysanthemum Festival, 64, 65

Chrysanthemums, 408-410

“Chrysanthemums, War of the,” 91, 99

Church, Japanese, 336

Churches, 91, 110, 111, 267, 268, 287

Chūzenji, Lake, 8

Cire perdue process, 230

Cities, opening of, 91

Citizen (_kōmin_) 138-140

City Council, 140, 141

“Civil Code, New Japanese, Lectures on,” 174

Civil war, 91, 109, 110

“Classical Poetry of the Japanese,” 236, 408

Clearing-houses, 354

Clement’s “Christianity in Modern Japan,” 276

Clement’s “Japanese Floral Calendar,” 65

Climate, 5, 6, 11, 12

Cloisonné, 230

Coal, 23, 37, 41, 42, 152, 292, 295, 298

Coast line, 5, 9, 10

Cocoa, 37

Code, Civil, 61, 114-116, 176, 178, 18O-182, 190;
commercial, 38, 114, 115, 161;
criminal, 161;
Napoleon, 161;
penal, 113;
civil procedure, 161;
criminal procedure, 113, 161;
codes, new, 92

Co-education, 211

Coffins, 62

Coins, 39

Collotype, 227

Colonial Bank of Hokkaidō, 38

Color printing, 227

Columbia University, 296

“Commentaries on the Constitution of the Empire of Japan,” 132

Commerce, 36, 37, 39-43;
Treaty of commerce and navigation, 385-399

Commercial centre, 291

Compulsory school attendance, 212

Conder, Josiah, 54, 236

“Conflict of Christianity with Heathenism,” 275

Confucian education, 209;
influences, 91;
philosophy, 198

Confucianism, 48, 96, 100, 101, 237, 250-252, 260

Congregationalists, 264, 404, 405

Constantine, 248, 275

Constitution, 92, 113, 114, 120-122,124, 127, 128, 132, 150, 273, 287

“Constitutional Development of Japan,” 111, 132, 145

“Constitutional Government in Japan,” 129

Continental influences, 90

Convicts, 162

Cooking, 56

Cooks’, European-style, union, 27

Coolies, 27, 29, 31, 32, 282;
guild, 27

Co-operative stores, 27, 28

Copper, 23, 37, 41

“Corea, the Hermit Nation,” 341

Cornstarch, 37

Corporal punishment, 212

Costumes, _see_ Dress

Cotton, 21, 37;
mills, 21, 286;
spinning, 21;
velvet, 37

Counsel, 163, 164

Couriers, 29, 35, 281

Courts, 163-165

Cream, evaporated, 37

Credit Mobilier, 38

“Creed of Half Japan, The,” 261

Crimes, 162
Criminal law, 160, 161

Criminals, 163

Currency, 39

Curtis, W. E., 28, 43, 56, 66, 132, 174

Curtius, ——, 107

Customs, 60-75

D

Dai Nihon Shi, 101

“Dai Nippon,” 28, 59, 89, 117, 132, 158

Dalny, 295, 309, 313

Damascus, 230

Dancing, 68, 69, 228, 231-233;
dancing-girls, 69

Dan-no-ura, Battle of, 98

Darwin’s “Origin of Species,” 204

Davidson, U. S. Consul, 21, 143, 145, 398

Days, special, lucky or unlucky, 71-75

Deaf, education of, 217

Death, 62

Deer, 13

De Forest, Dr., 276

Deme Jikan, 228

Dening, Prof., 86, 89

Deportation, 162

Development, internal, 104, 113, 114

“Dial, The,” Chicago, 204, 206, 208

“Diamond edition of humanity,” 47

“Diary of a Japanese Convert,” 265

Dickens, F. V., 236, 303

Dickson, Walter, 117

Dining-cars, 33

Diosy, Arthur, 39, 117, 145, 151, 152, 156, 158

Disciples, 264

Divisions, 5, 6

Divorce, 61, 177, 179, 180, 181

Dixon, W. G., 109, 117

Docks, 110, 111, 286;
dockyards, 91

Dogs, 13

Dogura, Mr., 402

Dolls, 66

Dolls’ festival, 61, 64, 65

Dōshisha, 215

Dowie, J. A., 264

Drama, 233

Dress, 56-59, 284
Duarchy, 97

Dumb, education of, 217

Dutch, 91, 100, 105, 106, 210, 281;
books, 285

“Dux Christus,” 276

Dyeing, 24

Dyer, Prof., 28, 59, 89, 117, 132, 158

E

“Earthquake, The Great,” _see_ Cabinet reconstruction

Earthquakes, 8, 10, 51, 88, 106;
Gifu, 92, 114;
Professor of, 216

Easter, 66

Eastlake, F. W., 117, 158, 283

Ebara, Mr., 274

Editors, 201

Education, 47, 209-221, 285, 341

“Educational Conquest of the Far East, The,” 221

Edwards, Osman, 68

Egg-plants, 19

Eggs, 26, 55, 56, 60

Election, First National, 114;
first under Constitution of 1889, 127

Electoral franchise, extension of, 115, 116

Electric cars, 34, 281;
lights, 31, 36;
railways, 31;
apparatus manufactories, 286

Elgin, Lord, 106, 107

“Elizabethan Age,” Japan’s, 97

Elocution, 195

Embroidery, 24, 231

Emperor Yoshihito, 123, 339

Emperors and Empresses, chronological table, 374-375

Empire, New, 91

Empress Dowager, the, 111, 188, 280

Empress Sada, 123, 188

Enamelling, 230

“Encyclopædia Britannica,” 204

Engine works, 286

Engineering, 23

Engineers, American, 32

England, 37, 61, 85, 93, 300

English, 91, 145

“English-Japanese Dictionary,” 208

“English-Japanese Etymology,” 208
English language, 113, 195, 201, 211, 219, 285, 298

English normal school, 186

Epicureanism, 79, 81

Epidemics, 10

Episcopalians, 264, 272, 404, 405

Eularia, 409

Europe, 3, 34, 112, 156, 189, 213, 237, 281, 290, 292, 299, 301

European books, favorite, 204;
languages, 220

Europeans, 47

Evangelical alliance, 271

“Every Day Japan,” 15, 43, 59, 75, 89, 158, 174, 190, 221, 261

“Evolution of the Japanese, The,” 89

Exports, 36, 37, 298, 368

F

Factories, 352-353

“Fairy Tales from Far Japan,” 70

Family, Japanese, 50, 51

Fan industry, 24

Farming, 16, 17-19;
farmers, 48, 82, 248, 283

Fenollosa, E. F., 235

Festivals, 63-65

“Feudal and Modern Japan,” 59, 89, 101, 132, 208, 249

Feudalism, 91, 110, 112, 119, 133, 134, 370

Figs, 19, 351

Filial piety, 87, 166, 176, 250

Fillmore, Millard, 102, 106

Finck, H. T., 15, 59, 89

Fine Arts School, Tōkyō, 217

Firefly lamp, 285

“Fire-Fly’s Lovers, The,” 70

Fire-Shine and Fire-Fade, Princes, 90

Fish, 13, 22, 23, 26, 55, 56;
fisheries, 294;
considered by Peace commissioners, 319, 320

Fisher’s “Universal History,” 205

Flag, Imperial, 5;
first foreign, officially raised, 107;
flags, feast of the, 61, 64, 65;
red and white, wars of, 91

Florenz, Dr., 249

Flour, 37
Flowers, 408-410;
arrangement, 233, 234;
festivals, 65, 409, 410;
“Flower-viewing,” 394;
_see also_ specific names

“Flowers of Japan and the Art of Floral Arrangement, The,” 236

Folk-lore, 70

Food, 54-56, 284

Foreign Language School, Tōkyō, 217

Foreign trade, 368

Foreigners, status of, 170-174

Formosa, Island of, 3, 5, 6, 12, 14, 16, 21, 30, 34, 91, 92, 111,
115, 142-144, 220, 295, 336, 347;
under Japan, 143, 144, 411-413

Formosan Bank, 295

Foxes, 13

France, 37, 85, 164, 278, 290

Franco-Japanese Agreement, 333

Freight, 29, 30;
carts, 30, 31

French language, 211, 285

Friends, 264, 272

Froebel, Friedrich, 214

“From Far Formosa,” 276

“From Tōkyō through Manchuria with the Japanese,” 328

Fruit, _see_ specific names

Fruit-growing, 351-352

Fuchow, 294, 295, 413

Fuji, Mount, 8

Fujiwara bureaucracy, 91;
epoch, 97;
family established in regency, 91

Fukuba, Viscount, 408

Fukuzawa, Mr., 184, 185, 215

Fukwai, 135-138

Funeral ceremonies, 62

Furniture, 52, 53

Fushun, occupation of, 317

“Future of Japan, The,” 304

G

Gale, J. S. 341

Gamblers’ guild, 27

Game, 54

Games, 66

Gardens, 17, 53, 54

Gas, 36

Geisha, _see_ Dancing-girls

Genroku era, 356
German liberals, 264

Germany, 37, 85, 122, 145, 147;
and Japan, 300;
German language, 211, 285

“Geschichte des Japanischen Farbenholzschnitts,” 235

Gifu earthquake, 92, 114

Ginko or Salisburia, 351

Ginza, the, of Tōkyō, 26

“Gist of Japan, The,” 15, 89, 249, 276

Glass-blowing, 24

“Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan,” 43, 54, 65

Glyptic art, 227

_Go_, 66

Goats, 13

Goethe’s “Faust,” 204

Goh, ——, 50

Gokinai, 6

Gold, 23, 27, 41, 369;
_see_ Coins;
gold standard, 39, 92, 115, 116

Golownin, Captain, 104

Gonse, Louis, 235, 236

Gordon, Captain, 104

Gordon, Dr., 190, 408

“Gospel ship,” 267, 287

Goto family, 230

Government, Constitutional, 113, 116;
and Liberals, alliance between, 115;
ownership, 33

Governor, 136-138

Governors, assembly of, 91, 111

Græco-Roman mythology, 95

“Grammar of the Japanese Written Language,” 208

Grant, U. S., 113, 369

Grapes, 19, 351

Grave-diggers, 48

Great Britain, 4, 37, 146, 147, 153-157, 308, 310, 317

Greater Japan, 331-341

“Great Righteousness,” Era, 339

Greece, 248, 300

Greek church, 263, 404, 406, 407;
language, 211, 285;
chorus, 68

Greene, D. C., 259

Gregorian calendar, 64, 91, 103, 111, 112, 409

Gribble, Henry, 20

Griffin, Professor, 380

Griffis, Dr., 18, 43, 59, 70, 71, 73, 75, 99, 101, 117, 206, 208,
210, 241, 242, 249, 252, 256, 257, 276, 341

“Grippe, La,” 10

Guam, 299

Guano deposits, 6

Gubbins, J. H., 117, 161, 176, 178, 182

Guilds, 27

Gulf Stream, 11

Gulick, S. L., 89, 117, 304, 328

Gumma Prefecture, Governor of, 138

Gunboat, United States, 23

Guncotton, 85

Gunpowder, smokeless, 85

H

Hachiman, god of war, 90, 96

Hachisuka, Marquis, 188

Hades, God of, 74

Haga, 261

Hakodate, 9, 107

Hakone, 8, 37;
lake, 8

Hakuchi era, 370

Hakuseki, Arai, 210

Ham, 54

Hamaoka, 39

Hamath, 46

Hancock, H. I., 66

“Hand-Book for Japan,” 15

“Hand-Book of Colloquial Japanese,” 208

Hand-carts, 31

Handkerchief industry, 24

Hangchau, China, 297

Happiness of the people, 79

Hara, Mr., 168

Harbors, 9

Hardy, Thomas, 204

Hare, 13

Harris, Townsend, 106, 107, 117

Hartshorne, Miss, 15, 43, 59, 75

Haru, Prince, 92, 113, 115, 123, 188, 211

Harunobu, 227

Harvard University, 307

“Hatsuse,” sinking of, 314

Hawaii, 3, 7, 35, 299

Hayashi, Mr., 312
Hearn, Lafcadio, 43, 54, 65, 75, 77, 89, 190, 238, 249

Hebrew, 285

Heco, Joseph, 200

Heikeutai, battle of, 315

Heine, Heinrich, 204

“Herald,” Kōbe, 201

Herbart, J. F., 205

“Heroic Japan,” 117, 158, 283

Hideyoshi, 91, 99

Hildreth, Richard, 101

Hiroöka, Mrs. Asa, 186, 187, 402

Hirose, Commander, 313

Hiroshima, 148

Hirth, Dr., 296

“Histoire de l’Art du Japan,” 235

History (Old Japan), 90-101
I. Divine Ages, 94
II. Prehistoric Period, 94-96
III. Imperialistic Period, 96-97
IV. Civil Strife, 97-100
V. Tokugawa Feudalism, 100-101

History (New Japan), 102-117
I. Period of Seclusion, 104-106
II. Period of Treaty-Making, 106-107
III. Period of Civil Commotions, 107-110
IV. Period of Reconstruction, 110-112
V. Period of internal Development, 113-114
VI. Period of Constitutional Government, 114-117
Greater Japan, 331-341

History and mythology outline, 90-92

“History of Japan,” 101

“History of Japanese Literature,” 208, 232, 236

“History of Japanese Political Parties,” 132

“History of Protestant Missions in Japan,” 276

“History of the Twelve Japanese Buddhist Sects,” 253

“Hitachi Maru,” sinking of, 314

Hittites, 46

Hizen ware, 229

Hoang-Ho river, 14

Hōjō tyranny, 91;
family, 98
Hokkaidō, 5, 6, 9, 11, 42, 142, 143, 292, 347;
_see also_ Yezo

Hokurikudō, 6

Hokusai, 227

Holidays, 63-66

Holland, 37

Holme, Charles, 22

Honda, Y., 334

“Honda the Samurai,” 75

Hondo, 5, 6

Hongkong, 33, 35, 37, 355

Honolulu, 3, 33

Horse-cars, 31, 34, 281

Horses, 13, 24

Hours, 72-73

House, E. H., 117

House of Commons, 119, 126, 130

House of Peers, 126, 128, 130, 376, 377

Houses of Japanese, 51-53, 284

Hozumi, Dr. N., 174, 249

Hugo’s “Les Misérables,” 204

Huish, Marcus, 22, 222, 229, 236

Hulbert, H. B., 341

“Human Bullets,” 328

“Hundred Poems,” 199

Hyōgō, _see_ Kōbe

I

Ice industry, 24

“Ichijiku,” 266

“Ideals of the East, The,” 224

Iga ware, 229

Ii, Prime Minister, assassinated, 107, 108

Ikao, 8

Illinois, 37

Imari ware, 229

Imbrie, Dr., 208, 323

Imitation, Japanese ability for, 41, 85

Immigration, 335, 338

Imperial Court, 278, 296

Imperial Diet, 36, 92, 114, 122, 126-128, 130, 165, 207,
212, 247, 313

Imperial family, 48, 93

Imperial Guard, 149

“Imperial Japanese Navy, The,” 158

Imperial Library, _see_ Library

Imperial Rescripts, 212, 398-399

Imperial University, _see_ University

Imperialism, 91, 96-97, 101, 118-132
Imperialistic period, 90

Imports, 36, 37, 170, 368

“In the Mikado’s Service,” 75

Inagaki, Mr., 410

Inari Sama, 248

Incomes, _see_ Wages and incomes

Indemnity, War, 319

India, 14, 21, 34, 37, 45, 48, 301

Indigo, 17

Industrial and commercial Japan, 17-28, 39-42, 183, 341

Industrial Bank, 38

“Industries of Japan, The,” 28, 231, 235

Inland Sea, 10, 267, 287

Inouye, Jukichi, 74

“Intercourse between the United States and Japan,” 117

International, law, violated by Russia, 317;
Oil Company, 36;
Postal Union, 35

Invention, Japanese ability for, 41, 85

Investment, foreign, 40-42

Iris, 65, 409, 410

Iron, 23, 37, 42, 295;
foundries, 286;
workers’ union, 27

Ise, shrine at, 167, 243

Ishigami, Dr., 220

Ishikari river, 9

Ishikawajima, 355

“Island of Formosa, The,” 21, 143

Itagaki, Count, 119, 131, 402

Italian, 285

Itō, Prince, 40, 120, 131, 132, 332, 336, 381, 402

“Ito, With Marquis, in Korea,” 341

Iwakura Embassy, 110, 112

Iyemochi, Shōgun, 108, 109

Iyenaga, 111, 132, 145

Iyenari, Shōgun, 280

Iyeyasu, Shōgun, 91, 99, 100

Iyeyoshi, Shōgun, 105

Izanagi, 90, 95

Izanami, 90, 95

Izumo, 94; ware, 229

J

Janes, 158

“Japan,” 15, 59, 101, 208, 249
“Japan, An Interpretation,” 89

“Japan: Its History, Arts, and Literature,” 231, 233, 235

“Japan and America,” 39, 42, 356

“Japan and her people,” 15, 43, 59, 190

“Japan and its Art,” 236

“Japan and its Regeneration,” 89, 249, 276

“Japan and its Trade,” 28

“Japan and the Japanese,” 300

“Japan as it Was and Is,” 101

“Japan Daily Advertiser,” 201

“Japan Evangelist,” 276

“Japan in History, Folk-lore, and Art,” 59, 101, 208, 210

“Japan in Transition,” 28, 145, 158, 291

“Japan Mail,” 46, 131, 184, 201, 243, 296, 350, 370, 376, 383,
404, 410, 411

Japan Mail Steamship Company, 34, 92, 113, 114, 139

Japan Society, London, Transactions, 22, 50, 92

“Japan Times,” 24, 130, 131, 188, 201, 204, 362,
381, 384, 399, 404

“Japan To-day,” 15, 43, 158, 261

“Japan Tract Society,” 266

“Japan Year Book,” 28, 43

“Japanese Boy, A,” 75, 221

“Japanese Calendars,” 71, 83

“Japanese Education,” 221

“Japanese Epigrams,” 208

“Japanese Fairy Book,” 70

“Japanese Fairy Tales,” 70

“Japanese Floral Calendar,” 65

“Japanese Girls and Women,” 59, 75, 189, 190, 221

“Japanese Homes,” 51, 54

“Japanese Illustration,” 235

“Japanese, Interior, A,” 59, 190, 221

“Japanese Legal Seal, The,” 174

“Japanese Life in Town and Country,” 59, 75, 89, 261

“Japanese Nation,” 341

“Japanese Odes,” 236

“Japanese Physical Training,” 66

“Japanese Plays,” 68
“Japanese Plays and Playfellows,” 68

“Japanese Rule in Formosa,” 145

“Japanese Wood-cutting and Wood-cut Printing,” 235

“Japanese Wood Engravings,” 235

Java, 45;
Javanese, 45

Jevon’s “Money,” 206

Ji sect, 254

Jimmu Tennō, Emperor, 63, 90, 93, 95, 121

“Jingles from Japan,” 83

Jingorō, Hidari, 228

Jingu, Empress, 90, 95, 96

Jinrikisha, 31, 32, 281

“Jinrikisha Days in Japan,” 15, 20, 43, 56, 123, 236

“Jinrikisha men,” 32, 203

Jōdo sect, 253, 255

Journalism, 200-202

Judges, 163-165

Julian, 248

Jūmin, _see_ Resident

Justice, 160

K

Kaga ware, 229

Kagi, Formosa, 398

Kago, 30

Kagoshima, 32, 107, 108

“Kaigai Shimbun,” 200

Kaiping, 313

Kaiyuan, 317

Kajima, 186

Kamimura, Admiral, 314, 316

Kanazawa, 215

Kaneko, Baron, 120, 139, 307

Kanin, Prince, 278

Kansas City, 37

Karuizawa, 8

Kataoka, Mr., 274

Katayama Sea, 28

Katō, Baron, 402

Katsura, Prime Minister, 324;
ministry, 331, 332, 336-338, 340

Kawakami, E. E., 132, 341

Kawamura, Count and Countess, 123

Kawasaki, 341

Kegon waterfall, 9
Keiki, Shōgun, 108,109

Keiō-gijiku, 215

Kelung, Formosa, 412, 413

Kenkwai, 135-138

Kennan, George, 328

Kenzan ware, 228

“Keramic Art of Japan,” 235

Keramic wares, 228

Kii, 9

Kikuchi, Dr., 221

Kimotsuki, Admiral, 291

Kinchow, 313

Kindergartens, 210, 213, 214, 269, 403

Kingsley Hall, 28

“Kinse Shiriaku,” 117

Kipling, Rudyard, 204

Kirby, E. C., 341

Kiso river, 9

Kitakami river, 9

Kitasato, Dr., 10, 220

Kites, 66

Kiyomori, 98

Knapp, A. M., 59, 89, 101, 132, 208, 249

Knight, 283

Knox, G. W., 59, 75, 89, 249, 261, 304

Kōbe, 2, 9, 33, 110, 201, 355, 364

“Kōbe Herald,” 407

Koch, Dr., 220

Kodama, Baron, 220, 321

Koike, Major, 381

Kojiki, 241

Kojimachi Ku, 139

Kōkaku, Emperor, 278

“Kokumin Shimbun,” 335

Komagatake, 8

Komatsu II., Emperor, 99

Kōmei, Emperor, 64, 108,109, 122

Kōmin, _see_ Citizen

Komura, Baron, 318

Korea, 4, 5, 7, 14, 32, 34, 90, 91, 95, 96, 99, 111, 154, 157,
224, 237, 252, 255, 292, 294, 299, 331;
Japanese convention with Japan, 332;
agreement influence in, 294;
Russia in, 309;
with Japan, 333;
annexed, 337;
Supreme Court in, 334;
Koreans, 85;
students, 341

“Korea and Her Neighbors,” 341
“Korean Sketches,” 341

“Korea in Transition,” 341

“Korea, The Passing of,” 341

“Korea, The Tragedy of,” 341

“Korea, With Marquis Ito in,” 341
_See also_ “Corea the Hermit Nation,” 341

Koriusai, 227

Korsakoff Harbor, Sakhalin, 315

Kublai Khan, 98

Kuchinotsu, 9

Kumamoto, 32, 149, 215

Kure, 150, 355

Kurihama, 102

Kurile Islands, 5, 6, 12, 44, 105, 111

Kuroki, General, 313, 315

Kuropatkin, General, 313, 315

Kuro Shio (Black Stream), 11

Kurozumi-kyō, 259

Kusatsu, 8

Kusunoki, 91, 98

Kyonaga, 227

Kyōto, 19, 91, 97, 109, 215, 230, 278, 280, 282, 350

Kyōto ware, 229

Kyōwa era, 277

Kyūshiu, 5, 9, 10, 12, 14, 42, 45, 95, 292

L

Labor unions, 27, 28

“Labor World,” 28

Lacquer trees, 12;
lacquer work, 24;
lacquering, 230-231

Ladd, George T., 87, 341

“Ladoga” (American), 105

La Farge, John, 236

Lakes, 8

Lamps, 298

Land, arable, 350, 351;
foreign ownership of, 170, 171

“Land of the Morning,” 109

Landscape-gardening, 54, 234

“Landscape-Gardening in Japan,” 54, 236

Lange, Dr., 208

Language, 191-198, 206, 207, 232

Lanman, Chas., 117

Latin, 211, 285
Latitude, 5

“Lawrence” (American), 105

Laws, 96, 137

Lay, A. H., 132, 376, 380

Lead, 23

Legal Japan, 159-174

Leroy-Beaulieu, A., 28, 158

Lespedeza, 395

Lewis, R. E., 221

Liaotung Peninsula, 307, 308

Liaoyang, 313, 315

Library, Imperial, 203, 220;
Max Müller, 220

“Life of Sir Harry Parkes,” 303

Light-houses, 91, 110

Ligneul, L’Abbé, 391

Literary class, 48

Literature, 70, 100, 198-208

Lithography, 227

Living expenses, 26, 27, 358-360

Lizards, 13

Lloyd, Prof., 15, 59, 75, 89, 158, 174, 190, 221, 259, 261

Loans, war, 313

Local self-government, 113, 114, 116, 120, 133-145

Locomotives, 37

London, 341

Longford, J. H., 101, 174

Lönholm, Dr., 161

Loo Choo (Ryūkyū) Islands, 5, 12, 34, 92, 105, 113

Loquats, 19, 351

Loti, Pierre, 77

“Lotos-Time in Japan,” 15, 59, 89

Lotus, 65, 410

Lotze, R. H., 87

Louisiana, 5

Lowell, Percival, 26, 43, 50, 75, 89, 195, 223, 239, 249, 257

Loyalty, 87

Lucky and unlucky days, 71-75

Lumber, 24

Lunar calendar, 64

Lutherans, 264

M

MacCauley, Clay, 199

McClatchie, T. R., 68
McCormick, Frederick, 328

McDonald, Roland, 105, 106

McKenzie, F. A., 341

Mackay, Dr., 276

Maclay, A. C., 75

Magazines, 202, 285

“Magna Charta of Japanese liberty,” _see_ Constitution

Maize, 19

Maizuru, 150

Makaroff, Admiral, 314

“Maker of the New Orient, A,” 276

Malays, 45, 46, 95

Manchoo Court, 301

Manchuria, China, 30, 32, 295, 308-310, 313, 331

Manila, 33, 35

Manners, _see_ Customs

Manufacturing plants, 286

“Manyōshiu,” 407

Maple, 65, 408, 409

Marcus Island, 6

“Mariner” (British), 105

Marriage, 61, 62, 178-182

Masamune, 230

Mason, W. B., 15

Masujima, Dr., 169, 170, 174

Match industry, 24, 37, 298

Matsukata, Count, 128

Matsumai, Yezo, 105

“Matthew Calbraith Perry,” 117

Matting, 37

“Mayors of the Palace,” 98, 278

Mechanics, 283;
wages of, 26, 358-360

Megata, Mr., 351

Meiji era, 91, 277, 339

Melons, 19

Memorial Day, 65

Men-of-war, American, 23

Mercantile Marine, 384

“Mercator” (American), 105

Merchants, 48, 82, 283

Meredith, George, 204

Merovingians, Japanese, 98

Metal work, 24, 229-230

Meteorological table, 346

Methodist Publishing House, 266, 276

Methodists, 264, 272, 334, 404, 405

Michi, Prince, 123

Migrations, 95
“Mikado’s Empire, The,” 43, 66, 71, 206

Military class, 48

Mill, John Stuart, 380

Miller, ——, a criminal, 165

Millet, 19, 55

Milne, Professor, 15

Minamoto, 98

Mining, 23, 294

Minko, 228

Minnesota, 5

Mint, 39, 91, 110, 111

Miochin family, 230

Mission of Japan, the, 289-304

Mission schools, 211, 219

Missionaries, 107, 157, 173, 177, 218, 245, 263-269, 272, 287

Missionary Conference, First, 110;
at Ōsaka, 92, 113;
at Tōkyō, 92, 115;
at Yokohama, 91

Mississippi valley, 5

Mitake, 8

Mitford, A. B. F., 70, 75, 261

Mito, 54, 60, 67, 280

Mito clan, 100

Mito, Prince of, 149, 286

“Mito Yashiki,” 75

Mitschenko’s cavalry, 315

Mitsu Bishi Company, 23

Mitsui Bank, 370

Miwa, 228

“Miyako-Dori,” 236

Miyanoshita, 8

“Modern Japanese Legal Institutions,” 174

Moji, 9, 32, 187

“Moji no Shirube,” 208

Money, Table of, 347-349;
in circulation, 367;
money-making, 81-82, 408

Mongolians, 45

Monkey, 13

Morals, 48, 257, 271, 287

Mormons, 265

Morning-glory, 65, 410

Morris, John, 15, 28, 117, 132, 158, 208

Morrison, Arthur, 235

“Morrison” Expedition, 105

Morrison, Mt., 8
Morse, E. S., 51, 54, 235

“Moscow Gazette,” 406

Mosquitoes, 10

Mossman, Samuel, 117

Mother-in-law, 176

Mott, John R., 270

Mounsey, A. H., 117

Mountains, 8

Mourning, 62

Mousseline, 37

Mukden, battle of, 317

Mulberry trees, 19

Munichika, 230

Munzinger, Carl, 85

Muramasa, 230

Murata rifle, 149

Murdock, James, 101, 276

Muroran, 9, 150

Murray, David, 15, 59, 94, 97, 101, 132, 263

“Murray’s Hand-Book,” 12, 15

“Muscovite Menace,” 322

Music, 68, 69, 231, 232

“Music and Musical Instruments of Japan, The,” 236

Mutsuhito, Emperor, 108-110, 118, 121, 122, 279;
death of, 339, 340

Mythology, 90, 92-95;
history, outline, 90-92

N

Nachi waterfall, 9

Nagasaki, 9, 23, 32, 104-107, 201, 281, 341, 405, 406

Nagoya, 21, 148, 230, 364

Namikawa, 230

Nanjo, 253

Nankaidō, 6

Nanshan, 313

“Napoleon of Japan,” 91, 99

Nara, 97, 228;
Nara epoch, 90, 97

“Narrative of a Japanese,” 200

Naruse, Jinzō, 187, 188, 402

“Nation, The,” 132, 134, 145

National Assembly, 120

National development, 366, 367

National exhibition in Tōkyō, 111

National song, 407, 408

Nature-worship, 45, 79
Naval increment, 383, 384

Navy, 126, 147-152

Nelson, Lord, 151

Nemoto, Mr., 274

“New Far East, The,” 39, 117, 145, 151, 158

New Year’s Day, 61, 64, 75

New York City, 296

New York State Bar Association, 170

Newchang, 315

Newspaper, first, 91, 110, 111, 200;
newspapers, 200-202, 257, 266, 273, 285;
_see also_ specific names

Nichiren sect, 253, 255-256

Nicolai, Bishop, 263

Nietzche’s “Zarathustra,” 204

Nightingale, 13

Niigata, 9, 110

Niitaka, 8

Nikkō, 8, 9, 185, 228

Ninigi, 90

Ninsei ware, 228

Nippon Electric Company, 38

Nippon Yūsen Kwaisha, _see_ Japan Mail Steamship Company

“Nisshin Shinjishi,” 200

Nitobe, Dr., 45, 89, 117, 239, 252, 261, 341

Nitta, 91, 98

_Nō_ dances, 228, 233

Nobility, new orders of, 92, 113, 114

Nobles’ School, 123, 211

Nobunaga, persecutor of Buddhists, 91, 99

Nodzu, General, 313, 315

Nogi, General, 313, 316, 340

Norimono, _see_ Sedan-chair

Normal schools, 211, 216, 400

Norman, Henry, 56, 57, 69, 152, 158, 174, 202

Noss, Christopher, 208

“Notes on Shippo,” 235

“Noto, an Unexplored Corner of Japan,” 43

Novik, sinking of, 315

Nunobiki waterfall, 9

Nuts, 55

Nuttall’s “Standard Dictionary,” 205
O

Oak trees, 12

Oatmeal, 37

Occidentalization, 69

“Occult Japan,” 249

Ocean currents, 11, 14

Officials, 26, 48

Ōhashi, Mr., 220

Oil, 23, 36, 41, 42;
industry, 364-365

Ōjin, 90, 96

Okakura, Kakasu, 117, 224, 235, 304, 328

Okayama, 215

Oku, General, 313, 315

Ōkuma, Count, 119, 130, 154, 215, 218, 333, 381, 402

Olcott, Colonel, 253

Omaha, 37

Omnibus, 34

Onions, 19

Onohama, 355

Onsen, 8

Oöka, 159

“Open door,” 310, 322

Opium, 144, 170

Oranges, 19, 351, 352

Orchestras, 67-69

Oregon, 14, 106

“Orient, The Spirit of the,” 304

Oriental Steamship Company, 23, 35

“Ornamental Arts of Japan,” 235

Ōsaka, 9, 21, 39, 92, 110, 148, 149, 186, 355, 364, 402, 406;
“Ōsaka Asahi Shimbun,” 202;
Exhibition, 24, 356-358;
Gas Company, 36;
“Ōsaka Mainichi Shimbun,” 202;
Merchant Steamship Company, 34, 295;
Missionary Conference, Proceedings, 276;
Shōsen Kwaisha, 34, 295

Oshū, 45

Ota ware, 229

“Othello,” 68

Ōuchi, Mr., 322

“Out of the Far East,” 190

Outcasts, 283;
admitted to citizenship, 91, 110, 112

“Outline of the History of Ukiyo-ye, An,” 235
“Outlook, The,” 309, 328

Owari ware, 229

Oxen, 13; ox-carts, 29, 31

Ōyama, Marquis, 150, 321

Ozaki, Mme., 70

P

Pacific Ocean, 1-3, 6, 14, 299, 301

Pack-horses, 29, 31

“Painters of Japan, the,” 235

Painting, 225-227;
collections in America, 225

Palanquin, 30

Palmer, Frederick, 328

Pantomime, 68

Paper-making, 24;
mills, 286

Paper money, 39

“Paradise of the East,” 290

“Party Cabinet,” first, 115

Paulownia, 409

Peace, articles of, 318-320

Peace commissioners, 318;
conference by, 318

“Peace Preservation Act,” 113, 114

Peace Resolutions, 335

Peace Society, 333

Peach trees, 13;
blossoms, 410;
peaches, 19, 351, 352

Peanuts, 19

Pears, 19, 351, 352

Peas, 19, 37

Peeresses’ School, 188, 211

Peery, R. B., 15, 89, 249, 276

Peking, 115, 296, 297, 301

Penal Code, 113

People, 44-59;
_see also_ Characteristics of the people

Perry, Commodore, 102, 103, 105-107, 116;
anniversary of treaty, 314;
Memorial Relief Fund, 314;
expedition, 91, 117

Persimmons, 19, 351

Pescadores Islands, 5, 413

Petroleum, 37, 365

“Petropavlovsk,” sinking of, 314

“Phaethon” (British), 104

Philippine Islands, 3, 14, 15, 291, 299

Phillips, Fs. C., 205

Phœnicia, 300
Physiographical advantages, 291

Physiography, 1-15

Pickles, 37

Pickpockets’ guild, 27

“Pictorial Arts of Japan, The,” 235

Piggott, F. T., 22, 236

Pine, 12, 409, 410

Pisciculture, 24

Plague, 10, 413

Plasterers’ guild, 27

Plum trees, 13;
blossoms, 65, 79, 408, 409, 410;
plums, 19, 351, 352

Poetry, 192, 198-200, 225, 226, 231, 232, 407

Policemen, 162, 163

“Political and Commercial Reasons for the Study of Chinese,” 296

“Political Development of Japan (1867-1909), The,” 132

“Political Ideas of Modern Japan, The,” 132

Political parties, 113, 114, 130, 376-381

“Political Science Quarterly,” 145

Pomegranate, 351

Population, 7, 366

Porcelain, 24, 37, 228-229

Pork, 54

Port Arthur, 307, 309, 311, 313, 315, 316

Portland, Oregon, 2

Ports, opening of, 91

Portsmouth, N. H., peace conference at, 318

Portuguese, 20, 91, 99

Postage, letter, 35, 36

Postal system, 31, 35, 91, 110, 111;
postal savings, 35, 362-364

Potatoes, 19, 26

Pottery, 24, 228-229;
“Father of Pottery,” 229

Poultry, 24

“Powers, Great,” 146, 307, 308

“Practical Introduction to the Study of Japanese Writing,” 208

“Preble” (United States), 105

Prefectural assemblies, 92, 111-114

Prehistoric period, 90

Presbyterians, 264, 272, 404, 405

Presents, 60
Press, freedom of the, 92, 115, 116, 201

Printers’ union, 27

Prison system, 165, 166;
officials, school for, 168;
treatment of prisoners, 321

Privy council, 92, 113, 124

Professional schools, 218

“Progress of Japan, 1853-1871, The,” 117

Pronunciation, xvii

Prophecy, 288

Proverb, a Japanese, 46

Provinces and Prefectures, 345, 347

Prussian voting system, 141

R

Radicals, dissatisfaction of, 113, 114

Radish, 19

Railroad, first, 91, 110;
fare, 33;
carriages, 37;
engineers’ union, 27;
workmen’s union, 27

Railroads, 31-33, 282, 294, 333, 360-362, 367

Rainy seasons, 11

Ransome, Stafford, 28, 145, 158, 291

Rathgen, Dr. Karl, 17

Rats, 10, 13

“Real Japan, The,” 56, 57, 69, 152, 158, 174, 190, 202

“Real Triumph of Japan, The,” 158

Red Cross Society, 188, 269, 270, 280, 321

Reform School, 168

Reform work, 271

Registration, system of, 168, 169

Rein, J. J., 15, 22, 28, 46, 59, 75, 85, 89, 208, 231, 235, 249

Religion, 172, 173, 237-276

“Religion in Japan, Development of,” 249, 261

Religions, Bureau of, 243

“Religions of Japan, The,” 242, 249, 257, 276

Remmon-kyō, 259

Remsen, Ira, 205

Resanoff, 104

“Rescue homes,” 168

Resident (_jūmin_), 138, 139

Resources, 41, 42, 340
Restoration, 108, 110, 118, 144, 210, 242

Revolutionary war, 91

Rice, 18, 19, 26, 37, 54, 56, 169, 351

Richardson affair, 91, 107, 108

Rifles, 85

Ritter, H., 276

Rivers, 9

Roman Catholic, 264, 404-406

Roosevelt, President, 318

Rosen, Baron, 318

Roses, War of the, 99

Rowing, 66

“Rurik,” loss of, 314

Russia, 4, 14, 36, 145, 263, 285, 294, 295;
and Japan, 299, 300, 307-328

“Russia, The Tragedy of,” 328

Russian aggressions, 155, 157

Russian Church, 406

Russian epidemic, 10

Russian language, 285

“Russo-Japanese Conflict, The,” 328

Russo-Japanese convention, 333

Russo-Japanese war, 307-327, 331, 332, 336

Ryūkyū Islands, _see_ Loo Choo Islands

S

Sada, Empress, 123, 188, 211

Saga rebellion, 91, 111

Saikaidō, 6

Saionji, Marquis, 402;
cabinet, 332, 336, 340

“Saiseikwai” Society, 338

_Sake_, 24, 55

Sakhalin traded off for Kurile Islands, 111;
indemnity from Russia, 331

Salisburia, or Ginko, 351

Salt, 23

Salvation Army, 168, 264, 271

Samurai, or Knight, 283

San Diego, 2, 3

San Francisco, 2, 3, 35, 37

Sanindō, 6

Sanskrit, 211, 285

Sanyō Railway Company, 33

Sanyōdō, 6

Sapporo Agricultural College, 216

“Saramang” (British), 105
Saseho, 150, 311

Satin, 37

Satow, Sir Ernest, 22, 117, 241, 249

Satsuma, Prince of, 108

Satsuma rebellion, 91, 111

Satsuma ware, 229

Sawyers’ guilds, 27

Saxons, 93

Scandinavian Alliance, 264

Scherer, J. A. B., 15, 43, 117, 158, 221, 261

Schools, 210-212, 214-218;
statistics, 399-401;
_see also_ Academy of Music, Fine Arts School, Foreign Language
School, Kindergartens, Mission, Nobles’, Normal, Peeresses’,
Professional, and Technical schools, Sapporo Agricultural College,
University for Women, and University, Imperial

Schopenhauer, Arthur, 204

Scidmore, Miss E. R., 15, 20, 43, 56, 75, 123, 236, 328

“Scribner’s Monthly,” 87, 132

Scripture Union, 271

Sculptors, 228

Sea of Japan, battle of, 318

Seaman, Louis L., Major, 158, 328

Seattle, Washington, 2, 35, 355

Seaweed, 55

Second Army, 313

Sedan-chair, 30

Seidlitz, 235

Seifu ware, 228

Sei-i-Tai-Shōgun, 98

Seismology, 15, 216

“Seiyō Kibun,” 210

Sekigahara, 91, 100

Senate, 91, 111, 119

Sendai, 148, 215, 332

Seoul, 311, 312

Seto ware, 229

Setonouchi, _see_ Inland Sea

Setouchi, _see_ Inland Sea

“Seven grasses,” 410

Seventh-Day Adventists, 264

Shaho River, battle of, 315;
skirmishes on, 317

“Shakai Zasshi,” 18

Shanghai, China, 298, 355
Sheep, 13

Shibata, Mr., 323

Shibusawa, Baron, 39, 82

Shigemi, 75, 221

Shikoku, 5, 10, 12

Shimada, Mr., 274

Shimoda 107

Shimonoseki, and Straits of, 32, 91, 107, 108

Shin sect, 253, 255, 256

Shinano river, 9

Shinchiku, Formosa, 412

Shingon sect, 253, 254

“Shinshiu,” 255

Shintō, 48, 50, 62, 68, 94, 177, 224, 237-249, 250, 251, 254,
259, 260, 288, 340;
periodicals, 203;
shrines, 166, 240, 243, 244;
temples, 65, 238

“Shinto: the Way of the Gods,” 249

Shinyeisho, Formosa, 412

Shioya, S., 75, 221

Ship-building, 23, 24, 354-356

Ship-carpenters’ union, 27

_Shippō_, 230, 235

Shirane, 8

Shirozaemon, 229

Shizuoka, 280

Shōgunate, 91, 98, 99, 108-110

Shops, shopkeepers, shopping, 25-26

Shōtoku Taishi, 90, 96

Shrines, Bureau of, 243

Shunsho, 227

Siam, 4, 299;
and Japan, 298, 410-411

Siberia, 4, 14, 34

Siberia railway, 291, 309

Sick poor, relief of, 338

Silk, 17, 20, 21, 37, 41;
silkworms, 20

Silver, 23, 41, 42

Simmons, Dr., 133

Simplicity of life, 78-81

Singapore, 355

Sin-tek, Formosa, 413

“Sketches of Tōkyō Life,” 74

Sleeping-cars, 33

Smallpox, 10, 220, 413

Smelt-fishing, 22

Smoking, 20

Snakes, 13

Soap, 37
Social evil, 166-168

Social settlement, 28

Socialism, 28

Society, classes of, 48-49, 282, 283

Soldiers, 30, 82, 283

“Solomon, Japanese,” 159

Soma ware, 229

Sone, Viscount, 337

“Soul of the Far East,” 26, 50, 89, 195, 239, 249

Soups, 55

South Pacific Islands, 45

Soy, 24, 55

Spanish, 285

Spencer, D. S., 404

Spencer, Herbert, 206

Spokane Falls, Washington, 37

Spring, Japanese, 12

Springs, hot, mineral, 8, 59

Stage, 31, 34, 281

“Standard, The,” Chicago, 237

Standard Oil Company, 36