Chapter IV: Division. Embryophyta Siphonogama (2)

Polygonaceæ, 239, 359.

Polygonatum, 314, 316.

Polygonifloræ, 358.

Polygonum, 359, 360, 361.

Polyides, 84.

Polykrikos, 17.

Polypetalæ, 336.

Polyphagus, 103, 104.

Polypodiaceæ, 202, 205, 206, 209, 210, 212.

Polypodium, 207, 213.

Polyporaceæ, 163.

Polyporus, 163, 164, 165.

Polysiphonia, 79, 83.

Polystachya, 332.

Polystigma, 125, 127.

Polytrichaceæ, 197.

Polytrichum, 197.

Pomaceæ, 456, 462.

Pomaderris, 448.

Pomalo, 438.

Pomegranate, 488, 489.

Pomona-fungus, 171.

Pond-weed, 279.

Pontederia, 316.

Pontederiaceæ, 308, 316.

Poplar, 124, 164, 338.

Poppies, 394.

Populus, 152, 338.

Pore-fungus, 163.

Porogames, 273.

Poronia, 131.

Porphyra, 10, 78.

Porphyraceæ, 78.

Portulaca, 373.

Portulacaceæ, 373.

Posidonia, 281.

Potamogeton, 47, 278, 279.

Potamogetonaceæ, 278, 279.

Potato-fungus, 104, 107.

Potato-plant, 521, 522.

Potentilla, 458, 460.

Potentilleæ, 458.

Poterium, 460.

Pothos, 304.

Pottia, 196.

Pottiaceæ, 196.

Pouzolzia, 353.

Prasiola, 53.

Preissia, 191.

Preslia, 539.

Primrose, 512.

Primula, 511, 512, 513.

Primulaceæ, 239, 512, 514.

Primulinæ, 505, 511.

Pringsheimia, 54.

Prionium, 284.

Pritchardia, 298.

Priva, 535.

Privet, 547.

Procarpium, 81.

Proembryo, 64.

Profichi, 355.

Promycelium, 94, 146.

Pronucleus, 245.

Prorocentrum, 17, 18.

Protea, 450.

Proteaceæ, 450.

Prothallium, 198, 244, 248.
Secondary, 233.

Protistæ, 5.

Protium, 438.

Protobasidia, 144.

Protobasidiomycetes, 96, 145.

Protococcaceæ, 47, 48, 51.

Protococcoideæ, 8, 47.

Protomyces, 108.

Protomycetaceæ, 108.

Protonema, 181.

Provence oil, 547.

Prunella, 539.

Prunus, 117, 118, 127, 130, 152, 461, 462.

Psalliota, 167, 168, 169, 171.

Psamma, 295, 296.

Pseudophacidiaceæ, 133.

Pseudopodium, 10, 193.

Pseudotsuga, 264, 265, 266.

Psidium, 488, 489.

Psilotaceæ, 228.

Psilotum, 201, 228.

Psychotria, 550.

Ptelea, 437.

Pteridium, 131, 207, 213, 214.

Pteridophyta, 2, 198, 234.

Pterigynandrum, 197.

Pteris, 199, 203, 213, 214.

Pterisanthes, 445.

Pterocarpus, 473.

Pterocarya, 350.

Pterocephalus, 560.

Pterogoniaceæ, 197.

Pterogyne, 468.

Pterostegia, 360.

Pterygophyllum, 197.

Ptilidium, 192.

Ptilota, 84.

Ptychogaster, 166.

Puccinia, 147, 148, 149, 150.

Puff-ball, 174.

Pulmonaria, 533, 534.

Pulque, 318.

Pulsatilla, 384.

Pumpkin, 480, 481.

Punctaria, 70.

Punica, 483, 488, 489, 490.

Puniceæ, 488.

Puschkinia, 312.

Putrefaction, 32.

Puya, 319.

Pycnidia, 89.

Pylaiella, 70.

Pyrenoid, 46.

Pyrenolichenes, 142.

Pyrenomycetes, 95, 116, 118, 125.

Pyrenula, 142.

Pyrethrum, 572, 574.

Pyrola, 334, 506, 507.

Pyrolaceæ, 506.

Pyrrophyl, 16.

Pyrus, 152, 463.

Pythium, 101, 106.

Quaking-grass, 294, 296.

Quassia, 438, 439.

Quassine, 438.

Quercifloræ, 337, 340.

Quercitron-wood, 348.

Quercus, 341, 346, 347, 348, 504.

Quillaja, 457, 460.

Quillajeæ, 457.

Quill-wort, 230.

Quince, 464, 465.

Quinchamalium, 500.

Quinine, 550, 553.

Racomitrium, 197.

Radiatæ, 571.

Radicle, 247.

Radiola, 418.

Radiolarias, 9.

Radish, 403, 404, 405.

Radula, 192.

Rafflesia, 504.

Rafflesiaceæ, 499, 504.

Raisins, 447.

Rajania, 323.

Ralfsia, 71.

Ralfsiaceæ, 71.

Ramalina, 143.

Ramenta, 209.

Ramié, 353.

Rampion, 562.

Randia, 550.

Ranunculaceæ, 278, 378.

Ranunculeæ, 383.

Ranunculus, 151, 378, 379, 380, 382, 383, 384.

Rapateaceæ, 308.

Rape, 404.

Raphanus, 400, 403.

Raphia, 301.

Raphidium, 51.

Raphiolepis, 463, 465.

Raspberry, 459, 460, 461.

Ravenala, 325.

Ray-flowers, 567.

Reboulia, 191.

Receptacle, 210.

Red Algæ, 1.

Red-beet, 372.

Red-cabbage, 405.

Red-clover, 466, 517.

Red-currant, 455.

Red-pine, 264, 266.

“Red-rot,” 164, 166.

Red Sandalwood, 473.

Red Seaweeds, 4, 77.

Red Snow, 48.

Red-strip, 165.

Red-tree, 468.

Reed, 151, 294.

Reed-mace, 303.

Reindeer Moss, 141.

Reineckea, 314.

Remijia, 550, 553.

Renealmia, 326.

Replum, 398.

Reseda, 407.

Resedaceæ, 406.

Resin, 266.

Rest-harrow, 471.

Restiaceæ, 309.

Restio, 309.

Restrepia, 332.

Retama, 472.

Reticularia, 8.

Retinospora, 268.

Rhamnaceæ, 447, 449.

Rhamnus, 151, 448.

Rhaphidophora, 305.

Rhatany, 468.

Rheum, 151, 359, 360.

Rhinanthaceæ, 153.

Rhinantheæ, 525, 526.

Rhinanthus, 526.

Rhingia, 320.

Rhipidium, 320.

Rhipsalis, 375, 376, 377.

Rhizidiaceæ, 103.

Rhizoboleæ, 415.

Rhizocarpeæ, 205, 215.

Rhizoclonium, 58.

Rhizoids, 4, 10.

Rhizomorpha, 169, 170.

Rhizopaceæ, 99.

Rhizophora, 482, 486, 487, 513.

Rhizophoraceæ, 482, 486.

Rhizophyllidaceæ, 84.

Rhizophyllis, 84.

Rhizopods, 5.

Rhizopogon, 175, 176.

Rhizopus, 99.

Rhizosolenia, 20.

Rhodanthe, 573.

Rhodiola, 451, 452.

Rhodochiton, 525.

Rhododendron, 161, 508.

Rhodomela, 83.

Rhodomelaceæ, 83.

Rhodophyceæ, 1, 14, 77.

Rhodophyll, 77.

Rhodophyllidaceæ, 83.

Rhodophyllis, 83.

Rhodoraceæ, 335, 508.

Rhodotypus, 457.

Rhodymenia, 83, 84.

Rhodymeniaceæ, 83.

Rhodymeniales, 82, 84.

Rhœadinæ, 393.

Rhopographus, 131.

Rhubarb, 359.

Rhus, 439.

Rhynchosia, 471.

Rhynchospora, 285, 286.

Rhytisma, 132.

Ribbon-grass, 296.

Ribes, 121, 152, 153, 241, 454, 455.

Ribesiaceæ, 454.

Rib-grass, 530.

Riccia, 186, 189, 190.

Ricciaceæ, 190.

Rice, 291, 293, 296.

Richardia, 305.

Richardsonia, 550.

Ricinus, 431.

Riella, 192, 231.

Ringworm, 180.

Rivina, 372.

Rivularia, 10, 25.

Rivulariaceæ, 22, 24, 25.

Robinia, 470, 473.

Roccella, 142.

Rock-cress, 402.

Rock-rose, 412.

Rod-bacteria, 39.

Roestelia, 147, 148, 151, 152, 153.

Roman spinach, 372.

Roots, 4.

“Ropiness,” 35.

Rosa, 148, 459, 460.

Rosaceæ, 451, 457.

Rose, 121.

Rose-mallow, 428.

Rose of Jericho, 401, 574.

Roseæ, 459.

Rosellinia, 130.

Rosemary, 540.
Oil of, 541.

Rosifloræ, 456, 466.

Rosmarinus, 536, 540, 541.

Rostellum, 329, 332.

Rotang, 298.

Royal-fern, 209, 215.

Rubeæ, 458.

Rubia, 551, 552, 553.

Rubiaceæ, 542, 546, 548, 549, 553.

Rubiales, 490, 505, 548, 556, 564.

Rubus, 458, 460, 461.

Rudbeckia, 572.

Ruellia, 530.

Rulingia, 422.

Rumex, 151, 359, 360.

Ruppia, 278, 279.

Ruscus, 316.

Rush, 283, 284.

Russula, 171.

Russulei, 171.

Rust of Wheat, 148.

Rusts, 146.

“Rust spots,” 130.

Ruta, 436.

Rutaceæ, 436.

Ruteæ, 436.

Rye, 125, 151.

Rye-grass, 295, 296.

Rye-stem blight, 113.

Sabal, 300.

Sabaleæ, 299.

Saccharomyces, 177, 178.

Saccharomyces-forms, 176.

Saccharum, 293.

Safflower, 574.

Saffron, 321.

Sagina, 364, 365, 366.

Sagittaria, 281, 282.

Sago, 254.

Sago-palm, 298.

Sainfoin, 472, 473.

“Salep,” 333.

Salicaceæ, 338.

Salicin, 339.

Salicifloræ, 337.

Salicornia, 369, 371, 503.

Salicornieæ, 371.

Salisburia, 259.

Salix, 122, 337, 338.

Salpiglossis, 521.

Salsafy, 574.

Salsola, 370, 371, 372.

Salsoleæ, 370.

Saltpetre formation, 35.

Saltwort, 370.

Salvadora, 547.

Salvadoraceæ, 542, 547.

Salvia, 536, 540, 541.

Salvinia, 201, 216, 217, 218, 245.

Salviniaceæ, 210, 218.

Sambuceæ, 555, 557.

Sambucus, 156, 553, 555.

Samolus, 513.

Samydaceæ, 476.

Sandalwood, 473, 500.

Sandarack resin, 269.

Sand-box tree, 432.

Sand-star, 287.

Sanguinaria, 395.

Sanguisorba, 460.

Sanicula, 493.

Sannicle, 493.

Sanseviera, 320.

Santalaceæ, 500.

Santalum, 500.

Santolina, 572.

Sapindaceæ, 440.

Sapindus, 441.

Saponaria, 368.

Saponin, 460.

Sapotaceæ, 510.

Saprolegnia, 102, 107, 108.

Saprolegniaceæ, 107.

Saprophytes, 5.

Sapucaia-nuts, 489.

Saranthe, 327.

Sarcina, 27, 28, 38.

Sarcophyte, 504.

Sargassum, 4, 10, 73, 75.

Sarothamnus, 472.

Sarracenia, 409.

Sarraceniaceæ, 408.

Sarsaparilla, 316.

Sassafras, 392.

Satureia, 540, 541.

Satureieæ, 539.

Saurureæ, 362.

Saururus, 362.

Saussurea, 570.

Sauvagesieæ, 411.

Saw-wort, 570.

Saxifraga, 161, 452.

Saxifragaceæ, 451, 452.

Saxifrage, 452.

Saxifraginæ, 451, 555.

Scabiosa, 558, 559, 560.

Scævola, 564.

Scale-leaves, 235.

Scammony, 517.

Scandiceæ, 495.

Scandix, 495.

Scapania, 192.

Scarlet-runner, 473.

Scenedesmus, 51.

Scheuchzeria, 278.

Schistostega, 196, 197.

Schistostegaceæ, 197.

Schizæa, 215.

Schizæaceæ, 210, 215.

Schizanthus, 521.

Schizocarp, 492.

Schizocarpeæ, 195.

Schizochlamys, 51.

Schizomeris, 53.

Schizomycetes, 26, 33.

Schizopetaleæ, 404.

Schizopetalum, 402.

Schizophyceæ, 8, 10, 23, 26.

Schizophyllum, 171.

Schizophyta, 1, 14, 19, 22, 24.

Schœnocaulon, 310.

Schœnoxiphium, 287.

Schœnus, 286.

Schwendenerian Theory, 139.

Sciadium, 51.

Sciadopitys, 267.

Scilla, 312, 314.

Scirpeæ, 285.

Scirpus, 285, 286, 287.

Scirrhia, 131.

Scitamineæ, 276, 278, 323, 328.

Scitonemaceæ, 22, 24, 25, 27.

Scleranthus, 365, 367.

Scleria, 286.

Scleroderma, 175.

Sclerodermataceæ, 175.

Sclerotinia, 116, 134, 135.

Sclerotium, 87, 127.

Scolopendrium, 213, 214.

Scoparia, 525.

Scopolia, 519, 521.

Scorodosma, 496.

Scorzonera, 571, 574.

Scotch Fir, 259, 266.

Scotinosphæra, 47, 51.

Screw Pine, 302.

Scrophularia, 524, 526.

Scrophulariaceæ, 518, 521, 522, 527.

Scutellaria, 536, 539.

Scutellum, 293.

Scyballium, 504.

Scytonema, 22, 26, 176.

Scytonemaceæ, 25.

Sea-holly, 493.

Sea-kale, 403, 405.

Sea-lavender, 514.

Sea-milkwort, 513.

Seaweed, 4.

Sea-wormwood, 574.

Sebacina, 156.

Secale, 127, 295, 296.
cornutum, 127.

Sechium, 481.

“Sedimentary-yeast,” 178.

Sedum, 451, 452.

Seed, 247, 248, 249.

Seguieria, 372.

Selaginaceæ, 532, 541.

Selaginella, 200, 203, 228, 229, 230, 232, 233, 245, 254.

Selaginellaceæ, 231.

Selaginelleæ, 205, 228.

Selago, 541.

Selenastrum, 51.

Selenipedilum, 329, 330.

Seligeria, 196.

Seligeriaceæ, 196.

Semele, 316.

Sempervivum, 151, 451, 452.

Senebiera, 400, 401.

Senecio, 566, 569, 572, 573.

Senecioneæ, 572.

Senna, 468.

Sepals, 235.

Sequoia, 267, 272.

Serapias, 332.

Serjania, 441.

Serratula, 570, 574.

Serum, 33.

Service-tree, 465.

Sesamum, 529.

Seseli, 495.

Seselineæ, 495.

Sesleria, 294.

Sesuvium, 375.

Seta, 186.

Setaria, 295.

Sexual reproduction, 11.

Sheep-seaweed, 84.

Shellac, 356, 434.

Shepherdia, 450.

Shepherd’s-needle, 495.

Shepherd’s-purse, 401.

Sherardia, 552.

“Sichel,” 284.

“Sickle,” 284.

Sicyos, 481.

Sida, 428, 430.

Sideritis, 538.

Sideroxylon, 511.

Sigillariaceæ, 233.

Silaus, 495.

Sileneæ, 367.

Silene, 367.

Siler, 495.

Siliceous earth, 20.

Siliculosæ angustiseptæ, 401.
latiseptæ, 400.

Siliqua, 398.

Siliquosæ, 402.

Silk-cotton, 427.

Silphium, 498, 572.

Silver-leaf, 450.

Silybum, 567, 570.

Simaba, 439.

Simaruba, 439.

Simarubaceæ, 438.

Sinapeæ, 404.

Sinapis, 400, 402.

Siphocampylos, 563.

Siphoneæ, 4, 9, 47, 59.

Siphonia, 434.

Siphonocladus, 62.

Sirosiphoniaceæ, 22, 24, 26.

Sisal hemp, 318.

Sisymbriinæ, 404.

Sisymbrium, 399, 402, 410.

Sisyrinchium, 321.

Sium, 494, 498.

Skimmia, 437.

Skull-cap, 539.

Slime-fungi, 1, 4, 5.

Sloe, 461, 462.

Sloth, 8, 356.

Smilaceæ, 316.

Smilacina, 314.

Smilax, 315, 316.

“Smut,” 113, 130.

Smut-fungi, 114.

Snake cucumber, 481.

Snapdragon, 523, 524.

Snowberry, 554.

Snowdrop, 317.

Soapwort, 368.

Soft-grass, 296.

Soja, 471.

Solanaceæ, 514, 518, 520, 522.

Solanine, 522.

Solanum, 238, 521, 522.

Soldanella, 513.

Solenia, 162.

Solidago, 573.

Sollya, 455.

Solomon’s seal, 314.

Sonchus, 153, 571.

Sophora, 469.

Sophoreæ, 469.

Sorbus, 152, 465.

Sordaria, 129.

Sordariaceæ, 129.

Soredia, 141.

Sorghum, 296.

Sori, 205.

Sorocea, 356.

Sorrel, 361.

Southernwood, 574.

Sow-thistle, 571.

Spadicifloræ, 277, 297.

Spadix, 297.

Sparassis, 161.

Sparaxis, 321.

Sparganium, 302, 303.

Sparmannia, 425.

Spartium, 472.

Spathe, 297.

Spathicarpa, 306.

Spathulea, 136.

Spearmint, 541.

Specularia, 562.

Speedwell, 525.

Spergula, 366.

Spergularia, 366.

Spermacoce, 550.

Spermacoceæ, 550.

Spermagonia, 116.

Spermaphyta, 3.

Spermatangia, 81.

Spermatia, 13, 76, 77, 141, 146.

Spermatochnaceæ, 71.

Spermatochnus, 71.

Spermatozoid, 13, 183.

Sperm-nucleus, 245.

Spermocarp, 58.

Spermogonia, 89, 141, 146, 147, 149.

Spermothamnion, 84.

Sphacelaria, 70.

Sphacelariaceæ, 70.

Sphacelia, 125, 126.

Sphacelotheca, 110.

Sphæralcea, 430.

Sphærella, 48, 130.

Sphærellaceæ, 130.

Sphæriales, 129.

Sphærobolaceæ, 173.

Sphærobolus, 173.

Sphærocarpus, 191, 192.

Sphærococcaceæ, 83.

Sphærophorus, 142.

Sphæroplea, 13, 14, 58.

Sphæropleaceæ, 47, 58.

Sphærotheca, 120, 121.

Sphærozosma, 44.

Sphagneæ, 193.

Sphagnum, 186, 188, 192, 194, 195, 197.

Sphenogyne, 566.

Sphenophyllaceæ, 233.

Sphinctrina, 140.

Spigelia, 546.

Spikelet, 285, 287, 289.

Spikes, 285.

Spilanthes, 572.

Spinach, 371.

Spinacia, 371, 372.

Spindle-tree, 444.

Spiræa, 151, 451, 456, 457, 460.

Spiræeæ, 457.

Spiranthes, 331.

Spirilla, 27.

Spirillum, 30.

Spirochætæ, 27.

Spirochæte, 28, 38, 40.

Spirodela, 307.

Spirogyra, 44, 45.

Spirolobeæ, 371, 400.

Spirotænia, 44.

Spirulina, 24.

Splachnaceæ, 197.

Splachnum, 196, 197.

Spondias, 439.

Sponges, 8.

Sporangia, 239.

Sporangial-layers, 88.

Sporangiocarp, 88.

Sporangio-fructification, 87.

Sporangiophore, 88.

Spores, 10.
Liberation and Distribution of, 91.
Germination of, 93.

Sporidia, 112.

Sporobolus, 295.

Sporocarp, 205, 219.

Sporochnaceæ, 71.

Sporochnus, 71.

Sporogonium, 186.

Sporophylls, 223, 235, 236.

Sporophyte, 181, 186.

Spring-spores, 147.

Spumaria, 8.

Spurge, 431, 432.

Spurge-laurel, 449.

Spurry, 366.

Squamariacæ, 84.

“Squills,” 314.

Squirting cucumber, 480.

Stachydeæ, 538.

Stachys, 538, 541.

Stachytarpheta, 535.

Staehelina, 570.

Stag-truffle, 124.

Stalk, 186.

Stamen, 235, 236.

Staminate, 236.

Stangeria, 253, 254.

Stanhopea, 332.

Stanleyinæ, 404.

Stapelia, 546.

Staphylea, 440.

Staphyleaceæ, 440.

Staphylococcus, 39.

Star-aniseed, 389.

Statice, 514.

Staurastrum, 42, 43, 44.

Steenhammera, 533.

Stegocarpeæ, 195.

Stellaria, 364, 365, 366.

Stellatæ, 550, 552, 553.

Stemless Plants, 1.

Stemonitis, 7, 8.

Stephanospermum, 272.

Stephanosphæra, 48.

Sterculia, 422.

Sterculiaceæ, 422.

Stereocaulon, 143.

Stereum, 162.

Sterigmata, 144, 146.

Sterilization, 32.

Sticta, 134, 137, 143.

Stictidaceæ, 133.

Stictidales, 133.

Stictis, 133.

Stigeoclonium, 54.

Stigma, 3, 250.

Stigmaria, 233.

Stigonema, 26, 142.

Stilbaceæ, 532, 541.

Stilbe, 541.

Stillingia, 434.

Stilophora, 71.

Stilophoraceæ, 71.

Stinkbrand, 113.

Stink-horn, 172, 173.

Stipa, 291, 294, 296.

Stitchwort, 366.

St. John’s-wort, 413.

Stock, 402, 405.

Stonebrand, 113.

Stonecrop, 451.

Stone-wort, 1, 14.

Stork’s-bill, 419.

Stratiotes, 282.

Strawberry, 458.

Strawberry-tree, 508.

Strelitzia, 325.

Streptocarpus, 528.

Streptochæta, 290.

Streptococcus, 39.

Streptopus, 314.

Striaria, 70.

Striariaceæ, 70.

Strickeria, 129, 130.

Stroma, 88.

Stromanthe, 327.

Strophanthus, 544.

Struthiopteris, 209, 214, 254.

Struvea, 9, 62.

Strychnine, 546.

Strychnos, 546.

Sturmia, 332.

Stylar-column, 328.
-brush, 567.

Style, 250.

Stylidiaceæ, 564.

Stylidium, 564.

Stylochrysalis, 15.

Stylopod, 492.

Styphelia, 509.

Styracaceæ, 511.

Styrax, 511.

Styrax-balsam, 455.

Subhymenial layer, 167.

Subularia, 393, 399, 400, 401.

Succisa, 517.

Sugar-beet, 372.

Sugar-cane, 289, 293, 296.

Sugar-root, 498.

Sulphur-bacteria, 37, 38.

Sumach, 439.

Summer-spores, 147.

Sundew, 407.

Sun-flower, 572.

Sunn hemp, 473.

“Surface yeast,” 178.

Surirayeæ, 21.

Suspensor, 233, 246, 247.

Swamp cypress, 267.

Swarmspores, 10, 87.

Swede, 405.

Sweet Cicely, 498.

Sweet-flag, 303.

Sweet-gale, 351.

Sweet oil, 547.

Sweet-pea, 470.

Sweet-potato, 517.

Sweet-vernal, 295, 296.

Swertia, 542.

Swietenia, 436.

Swine’s-succory, 571.

Sycamore, 133, 442.

Symbiosis, 85.

Sympetalæ, 336, 504.

Symphoricarpus, 554, 556.

Symphyandra, 562.

Symphyllodium, 257.

Symphytopleura, 387.

Symphytum, 533, 535.

Symploca, 24.

Synalissa, 139.

Synandrium, 306.

Synangium, 212.

Syncarp, 278.

Syncephalis, 100.

Synchytrieæ, 103.

Synchytrium, 103.

Syncrypta, 15.

Synedra, 21.

Synergidæ, 248.

Syngeneticæ, 1, 14, 15, 17, 48.

Syngonium, 306.

Synura, 15.

Syringa, 455, 546, 547, 550.

Systegium, 196.

Systematic division of the Algæ, 14.
of Filices, 210.
of Fungi, 95.
of Monocotyledons, 277.
of Thallophytes, 4.
of Vascular Cryptogams, 204.

Tabellaria, 19.

Tabellarieæ, 21.

Tabernæmontana, 544.

Taccarum, 306.

Tacona, 284.

Tagetes, 564, 572.

Takamahaka, 438.

Talinum, 373.

Talipot, 298.

Tallow-tree, 434.

Tamaricaceæ, 411.

Tamarind, 466, 468.

Tamarindus, 467.

Tamarisk, 411.

Tamarix, 411, 412.

Tamus, 323.

Tanacetum, 572, 574.

Tanghinia, 544.

Tannin, 490.

Tansy, 572.

Tapetum, 203, 239, 240.

Taphrina, 116, 117, 118.

Taphrinaceæ, 116.

Tapioca, 434.

Tar, 266.

Taraxacum, 571, 566, 574.

Targionia, 191.

Tassel Pond-weed, 279.

Taxaceæ, 259, 272.

Taxeæ, 261.

Taxodiaceæ, 257, 267, 272.

Taxodium, 267.

Taxoideæ, 258, 259.

Taxus, 237, 238, 255, 257, 259, 261, 262, 272.

Tea, 415.

Tea-plant, False, 521.

Tea-rose, 460.

Teak-tree, 535.

Tear-Fungus, 166.

Teasel, 494, 558, 560.

Tecoma, 529.

Tectona, 535.

Teesdalia, 398, 401.

Telegraph-plant, 466.

Teleutospores, 146.

Tellima, 452.

Terebinthinæ, 435.

Terfezia, 124.

Terminalia, 487.

Ternstrœmiaceæ, 414.

Testa, 247, 248.

Testudinaria, 323.

Tetmemorus, 44.

Tetracyclicæ, 505, 514.

Tetradynamia, 398.

Tetragonia, 375.

Tetragonolobus, 471.

Tetraphis, 195, 196, 197.

Tetrapoma, 400.

Tetrapteris, 442.

Tetraspora, 51.

Tetrasporaceæ, 47, 48, 51.

Tetraspores, 10, 76.

Teucrium, 567.

Thalassia, 283.

Thalia, 327.

Thalictrum, 379, 385.

Thallophyta, 1, 4.

Thallus, 1, 4.

Thamnidiaceæ, 99.

Thamnidium, 100.

Thea, 414, 415.

Thecaphora, 110, 114.

Thëin, 374.

Thelebolaceæ, 109.

Thelebolus, 109, 120.

Thelephora, 162, 176.

Thelephoraceæ, 162.

Thelygonum, 372.

Thelypodieæ, 404.

Theobroma, 422, 423.

Theobromine, 423.

Theophrasta, 513.

Thesium, 500.

Thistle, 569.

Thladiantha, 481.

Thlaspi, 400, 401, 402.

Thomasia, 422.

Thorn-apple, 520.

Thottea, 499.

Thrift, 514.

Thrinax, 300.

Thrush, 180.

Thuidium, 197.

Thuja, 241, 268.

Thujopsis, 269.

Thunbergia, 530.

Thyme, 539, 541.

Thymelæa, 449.

Thymelæaceæ, 449.

Thymelæinæ, 448.

Thymus, 537, 539, 541.

Tiaridium, 533.

Tibouchina, 484.

Ticorea, 437.

Tigridia, 321.

Tilia, 424, 425.

Tiliaceæ, 423.

Tillandsia, 320.

Tilletia, 111, 112, 113.

Tilletiaceæ, 110, 113.

Tilopteridaceæ, 72.

Tilopteris, 72.

Timothy-grass, 294, 296.

Tinnantia, 308.

Tmesipteris, 228.

Toad-flax, 525.

Toad-rush, 284.

Toadstools, 159, 166.

Tobacco, 520, 529.
Virginian, 522.

Toddalieæ, 437.

Todea, 203.

Tofieldia, 310.

Tofieldieæ, 310.

Tolu, Balsam of, 473.

Toluifera, 473.

Tolypella, 67.

Tolypellopsis, 67.

Tolyposporium, 110.

Tolypothrix, 26.

Tomato, 521.

Tomentella, 161.

Tomentellaceæ, 161.

Tonquin-bean, 466, 472.

Tooth-wort, 526.

Tordylium, 496.

Torenia, 525.

Torilis, 497.

Torreya, 262, 272.

Touchwood, 164.

Tournefortia, 533.

Trabeculæ, 231.

Tracheides, 251.

Trachylobium, 468.

Tradescantia, 308.

Trama, 167, 174.

Trametes, 164, 165.

Tragacanth, Gum, 473.

Tragopogon, 113, 564, 571, 574.

Trapa, 485, 486.

Travellers’ Palm, 325.

Tremandraceæ, 442.

Tremella, 156, 157, 159.

Tremellaceæ, 146, 156.

Trentepohlia, 8, 54.

Tribulus, 438.

Trichia, 8.

Trichocoma, 176.

Trichodesmium, 22.

Trichogyne, 58, 81.

Tricholoma, 168, 171.

Trichomanes, 206, 215.

Trichophilus, 8, 54.

Trichosanthes, 481.

Trichosphæria, 129, 130.

Trichosphæriaceæ, 129.

Trichostomum, 196.

Tricoccæ, 430.

Tricyrtis, 310.

Trientalis, 512, 513.

Trifolieæ, 471.

Trifolium, 469, 471, 473.

Triglochin, 278, 279.

Trigoniaceæ, 442.

Trillium, 314.

Triodia, 294.

Triphasia, 438.

Triphragmium, 147, 151.

Triplaris, 361.

Triteleia, 312.

Triticum, 288, 295, 296.

Tritonia, 321.

Triumfetta, 424, 425.

Trollius, 379, 381.

Tropæolaceæ, 419.

Tropæolum, 420.

True Ferns, 204, 205.

True Laurels, 391.

True Mosses, 192.

Truffles, 124.

Trumpet-tree, 356.

Trumpet-wood, 529.

Tryblidiaceæ, 133.

Tryblidiales, 133.

Tryblidium, 133.

Tsuga, 265, 266.

Tuber, 124.

Tuberaceæ, 124.

Tubercles, 8, 466.

Tubercularia, 127.

Tuberose, 318.

Tubifloræ, 505, 514, 532.

Tuburcinia, 110, 111, 113.

Tulip, 312.

Tulipa, 312, 314.

Tulipeæ, 312.

Tupa, 563.

Turkish-millet, 296.

Turmeric, 326.

Turneraceæ, 476.

Turnip, 405.

Turpentine, 266, 439.

Turritinæ, 404.

Tussilago, 151, 569, 571, 574.

Tydæa, 528.

Tylostoma, 174.

Tylostomaceæ, 174.

Typha, 302, 303.

Typhaceæ, 302.

Typhula, 161.

Ulex, 472.

Ullucus, 371, 372.

Ulmaceæ, 351.

Ulmeæ, 351.

Ulmus, 351.

Ulothricaceæ, 47, 53.

Ulothrix, 12, 14, 53, 54.

Ulva, 10, 53.

Ulvaceæ, 47, 53.

Umbelliferæ, 491.

Umbellifloræ, 490.

Umbilicaria, 143.

Umbilicus, 451.

Uncaria, 553.

Uncinia, 287.

Uncinula, 122.

Upas-tree, 356.

Urare, 546.

Uredinaceæ, 145, 146.

Uredo, 148.

Urena, 428.

Ureneæ, 428.

Urginea, 312, 314.

Urocystis, 113.

Uroglena, 15.

Uromyces, 148, 151.

Urophlyctis, 103.

Urospora, 58.

Urtica, 134, 151, 351, 353.

Urticaceæ, 352.

Urticifloræ, 351.

Usnea, 143.

Ustilaginaceæ, 110, 113.

Ustilagineæ, 109.

Ustilago, 111, 113.

Ustulina, 131.

Utricularia, 527, 528.

Utriculariaceæ, 518, 527.

Utriculus, 287.

Uvularia, 310.

Vaccines, 41.

Vacciniaceæ, 451, 508, 509.

Vaccinium, 134, 160, 161, 509, 510.

Vaginula, 189.

Vahea, 544.

Vaillantia, 552.

Valeriana, 557, 558.

Valerianaceæ, 549, 556.

Valerianella, 557, 558.

Vallisneria, 282, 283.

Valloons, 348.

Vallota, 318.

Valonia, 59, 62.

Valoniaceæ, 47, 62.

Valsa, 130.

Valsaceæ, 130.

Vanda, 332.

Vandellia, 525.

Vandeæ, 332.

Vanilla, 331, 333.

Vascular Cryptogams, 2, 198, 240.
Isosporous, 200.
Heterosporous, 200.

Vateria, 415.

Vaucheria, 10, 33, 61.

Vaucheriaceæ, 47, 60.

Vegetable-ivory, 301, 302.

Vegetable-silk, 545.

Velamen, 332.

Vella, 400.

Vellinæ, 404.

Vellosia, 318.

Vellosieæ, 318.

Ve11theimia, 312.

Velum partiale, 167, 168.
universale, 167.

Venter, 184.

Ventral-canal-cell, 185.

Venturia, 130.

Veratreæ, 310.

Veratrin, 311.

Veratrum, 310, 311.

Verbascum, 523, 525, 527.

Verbena, 535.

Verbenaceæ, 532, 535, 537.

Vernonia, 571.

Veronica, 335, 523, 525, 526, 527, 530, 536, 559.

Verpa, 136.

Verrucaria, 140, 142.

Vesicaria, 400.

Vetch, 470.

Vibriones, 27.

Viburnum, 455, 553, 555, 556.

Vicia, 469, 470, 473.

Vicieæ, 469, 470.

Victoria, 386, 387.

Vigna, 471.

Vinca, 544.

Vincetoxicum, 155, 546.

Vine, 121, 444.

Vinegar-bacterium, 31, 32, 35.

Viola, 410, 411.

Violaceæ, 410.

Violets, 114, 410.

Violet-stone, 54.

Viper’s-bugloss, 533.

Virginian-creeper, 447.

Viscaria, 364, 367.

Viscoideæ, 501.

Viscum, 501, 502, 504.

Vismia, 414.

Vitex, 535.

Vitis, 445, 446, 447.

Vochysiaceæ, 442.

Volkmannia, 225.

Volva, 167.

Volvaria, 171.

Volvocaceæ, 14, 47, 48.

Volvox, 48, 50.

Vomic nut, 546.

“Vorblatt,” 275.

Wahlenbergia, 562.

Wallflower, 402, 405.

Wall-lichen, 143.

Wall-rue, 213.

Walnut, 165, 349, 350.

Water-cress, 402, 405.

Water-dropwort, 498.

Water-ferns, 205, 215.

Water-fungi, 96.

Water-hyssop, 525.

Water-lilies, 385.

Water-melon, 481.

Water-milfoil, 486.

Water-net, 52.

Water-purslane, 483.

Water-soldier, 282.

Water-wort, 413.

Water-violet, 512.

Wax-flower, 546.

Weberia, 197.

Weigelia, 554.

Weingærtneria, 294.

Weisia, 196.

Weisiaceæ, 196.

Wellingtonia, 267.

Welwitschia, 270, 271.

“Wendungszellen,” 67.

West-Indian arrowroot, 327.

Weymouth Pine, 266, 267.

Wheat, 113, 291, 292, 295, 296.

Wheat-grain, 292.

Wheat, seedling of, 292.

White-beam, 465.

White Bryony, 481.

White-cabbage, 405.

White-mustard, 405.

White Pine, 266.

White-pepper, 363.

White-rot, 164, 165.

White Water-lily, 387.

Whitlavia, 515.

Whortleberry, 509.

Wig-tree, 439.

Wild Basil, 540.

Wild Cabbage, 404.

Willow, 124, 133, 338.

Willow-herb, 484.

Winter-aconite, 382.

Winter-cherry, 521.

Winter-cress, 402.

Winter-green, 507.

Winter-spores, 146.

Wistaria, 470, 473.

Witches’-brooms, 85, 117, 155.

Woad, 403, 405.

Wolffia, 307.

Wood, 251.

Wood-rush, 284.

Wood-sorrel, 416.

Woodruff, 552, 553.

Woodsia, 214.

Wormwood, 572, 574.

Woundwort, 538.

Xanthellaceæ, 15.

Xanthidium, 44.

Xanthium, 569, 573.

Xanthorhiza, 379, 383.

Xanthorrhæa, 312.

Xeranthemum, 566, 570.

Xerotes, 312.

Xylaria, 131.

Xylariaceæ, 131.

Xylem, 251.

Xylopia, 388.

Xylophylla, 431, 432.

Xylosteum, 554.

Xyridaceæ, 308.

Yam, 323.

Yeast-formation, 94.

Yeast-fungi, 31, 36.

Yellow bird’s-nest, 507.

Yellow-rattle, 525, 526.

Yellow Water-lily, 387.

Yellow-wort, 543.

Yew, 259, 261, 266.

Ylang-ylang, 388.

Yorkshire-fog, 294, 296.

Yucca, 312, 313, 316.

Zamia, 253.

Zannardinia, 12, 72.

Zannichellia, 278, 279.

Zantedeschia, 305, 306.

Zanthoxyleæ, 436.

Zanthoxylum, 436.

Zea, 290, 293.

Zelkova, 351.

Zingiber, 326.

Zingiberaceæ, 277, 323, 325.

Zinnia, 572.

Zizania, 293.

Zizyphus, 448.

Zoochlorella, 9.

Zoogametes, 12.

Zooglœa, 27.

Zoogonicæ, 68, 70.

Zoosporangia, 10.

Zoospores, 10, 87.

Zooxantella, 9.

Zostera, 279, 280, 306, 316.

Zostereæ, 278.

Zygadenus, 310.

Zygochytriaceæ, 103.

Zygomorphy, 277.

Zygomycetes, 95, 96.

Zygophyllaceæ, 438.

Zygophyllum, 438.

Zygospore, 12.

Zygote, 12.

Zygnema, 44, 45.

Zygnemaceæ, 44.

Butler & Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Frome, and London.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] See Angiospermæ.

[2] According to the recent investigations of Winogradsky some micro-organisms (Nitrifying-bacteria) can build organic from inorganic matter. Sachs’ hypothesis that the first organisms must necessarily have contained chlorophyll is therefore untenable.

[3] Myxogasteres, Engler’s Syllabus, p. 1.

[4] Acrasieæ and Plasmodiophorales, _ibid._

[5] Myxophyceæ, Cyanophyceæ.

[6] The Bacteria are more usually included under Fungi. It seems better, however, to place them under the Algæ in a separate class with the Schizophyceæ.

[7] See Marshall Ward, “On the Characters or Marks employed for Classifying the Schizomycetes,” _Annals of Botany_, 1892.

[8] According to Hansen these are not disease forms, but occur regularly under certain conditions, _e.g._ temperature.

[9] Before fertilisation the oosphere divides and cuts off at the base one or more cells (polar bodies?), termed “wendungszellen.”

[10] From the Greek μὐκης = Fungus, hence “mycology.”

[11] This term is adopted as a translation of the German “anlage.”

[12] Also termed Water-Fungi (Wasserpilzen).

[13] Antheridium is preferred in this sub-class as keeping a more uniform term (Kn).

[14] In the _resupinate_ fruit-bodies a fertile and sterile surface cannot be distinguished (_cf._ Polyporaceæ and some _Stereum_-species).

[15] The two last genera are identical, the Algal part being a _Scytonema_, that of _Cora_ a _Chroococcus_; while the same Fungus--a _Thelephora_--takes part in the formation of all three (A. Möller, Flora, 1893).

[16] Formerly termed _oophyte_.

[17] The oospore divides by a wall transverse or oblique to the longer axis of the archegonium. From the upper (epibasal) cell, the capsule (and seta) is derived, while the lower (hypobasal) gives rise to the _foot_. In _Riccia_ the hypobasal half takes part in the formation of the sporangium.

[18] In the Polypodiaceæ unisexual prothallia as distinct as those of _Equisetum_ are of common occurrence.

[19] The position of the annulus varies in the different orders; longitudinal in Polypodiaceæ, Hymenophyllaceæ, and Cyatheaceæ; transverse in Schizæaceæ, Gleicheniaceæ; indistinct or apical in Osmundaceæ, Ophioglossaceæ, Marattiaceæ, Salviniaceæ, Marsiliaceæ.

[20] The former genus _Pteris_ is divided into _Pteris_ and _Pteridium_.

[21] Floral-leaves (hypsophyllary leaves) are here adopted as an equivalent of the term “Hochblätter,” to signify leaves on the floral-shoot other than foliage or sporangia-bearing leaves. The term _bract_ is applied only to leaves in whose axil a flower is borne, and _bracteoles_ to leaves borne on the flower-stalk (_pedicel_).

[22] It may be here remarked that another explanation is possible, based on the study of the development (_K_).

[23] Piperaceæ, Nymphæaceæ.

[24] “Fore-leaf” is adopted as a translation of “Vorblatt.”

[25] Regarding these and other abbreviations see the appendix in the book.

[26] Syncarp = cluster of fruits belonging to one flower.

[27] “Fan” and “sickle” are adopted as terms for these inflorescences from the German “_fæchel_” and “_sichel_.”

[28] [Although unbranched stems are characteristic of the Palms, yet branched specimens are recorded from some eleven genera. The branches are developed from lateral buds, which in many instances only develope when the terminal bud has been destroyed. A few Palms develope axillary branches at the base of the stem; these form rhizomes, and give rise to clusters of aerial stems.]

[29] The aggregation of the fruits of several distinct flowers into one mass.

[30] According to Pfitzer, the column is the prolongation of the floral axis beyond the insertion of the perianth, and is not formed by the coalescence of sporophylls (filament and style).

[31] _Cypripedilum_ = _Cypripedium_.

[32] _Corallorhiza_ = _Coralliorrhiza_.

[33] This is Eichler’s view.--According to Drude the perianth is absent; at the base of the bracts, a nectary or cup-like disc. Prantl holds the same view. According to Pax the perianth is absent, but there is a disc cup-like, or reduced to a single toothed scale.

[34] The fruit of the Walnut is thus a false fruit; and the term drupe must therefore not be used in the same sense as in the Rosaceæ.

[35] The pollen-tube in _Ulmus_ does not enter the ovule through the micropyle.

[36] According to Prantl, some species of _Trollius_ (_T. europæus_, and _asiatiacus_) have a perianth, differentiated into calyx and corolla, which does not pass over into the honey-leaves. The outer leaves of the perianth have frequently an incised apex, the intermediate ones sometimes present transitional forms to the inner, and sometimes there is a distinct boundary between them.

[37] If we suppose a spiral line drawn through the leaves _upwards_ on a stem with scattered leaves (in the shortest way), then the side of the leaf first touched is the catodic, or descending, and the other the anodic, or ascending side.

[38] Those marked [+] are officinal, and when no home is stated, the plant is a native.

[39] Those which are officinal are indicated by [+].

[40] Those marked with a [+] are officinal.

[41] For further reference see Sachs, _History of Botany_; Lindley, _Vegetable Kingdom_; Le Maout and Decaisne, _General System of Botany_, etc.

Transcriber’s Notes:

1. Obvious printers’, punctuation and spelling errors have been corrected silently.

2. Where hyphenation is in doubt, it has been retained as in the original.

3. Some hyphenated and non-hyphenated versions of the same words have been retained as in the original.

4. Superscripts are represented using the caret character, e.g. D^r. or X^{xx}. Subscripts are shown as _{1}.

5. Italics are shown as _xxx_.

6. Smaller font is shown as ~xxx~.

7. Bold print is shown as =xxx=.

8. The corrigenda have been corrected.