A Harmony of the Gospels for Students of the Life of Christ

Chapter XIX: Part VII: The Great Galilean Ministry (2)

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[Footnote 1: Gr. _Arise into the midst_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _foolishness_.]

[Footnote a: On three other later occasions controversies arise with the Pharisees concerning Sabbath observance (John 9:1-34; Luke 13:10-21; 14:1-24). In John 7:20-24 Jesus refers to the miracle in John 5 and adds another argument (circumcision on the Sabbath) for his conduct on the Sabbath.]

[Footnote b: Here at some point near the sea of Galilee, there is already a plot to kill him, as some had wished to do in Jerusalem (comp. on Sect. 49).]

_In sections 52 to 54 we see Christ choosing the Twelve Apostles and delivering the Sermon on the Mount to them and to the multitudes._

Sect. 52. JESUS TEACHES AND HEALS GREAT MULTITUDES BY THE SEA OF GALILEE

[Footnote 1: Or, _through_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _all the things that he did_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _scourges_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _fell_.]

[Footnote a: Note the wide territory from which the crowds now come, from Idumea in the south to Phoenicia in the north and from Perea in the east.]

[Footnote b: Isaiah 42:1-4.]

Sect. 53. AFTER A NIGHT OF PRAYER, JESUS SELECTS TWELVE APOSTLES

Mark 3:13-19 |Luke 6:12-16
|
13 And he goeth up into the |12 And it came to pass in these
mountain, and calleth unto him | days, that he went out into the
whom he himself would: and they| mountain to pray; and he
14 went unto him. And he appointed| continued all night in prayer
twelve[1], that they might be |13 to God. And when it was day,
with him, and that he might | he called his disciples: and he
15 send them forth to preach, and | chose from them twelve, whom
to have authority to cast out | also he names apostles;[a]
16 [2]devils; [3]and Simon he |14 Simon, whom he also named
17 surnamed Peter; and James the | Peter, and Andrew his brother,
_son_ of Zebedee, and John the | and James and John, and Philip
brother of James; and them he | and Bartholomew,
surnamed Boanerges, which is, |
18 Sons of thunder: and Andrew, |
and Philip, and Bartholomew, |15 and Matthew
and Matthew, and Thomas, and | and Thomas, and James _the son_
James the _son_ of Alphaeus, | of Alphaeus, and Simon which was
and Thaddaeus, and Simon the |16 called the Zealot, and Judas,
19 [4]Cananaean, and Judas | _the [5]son_ of James, and
Iscariot, which also betrayed | Judas Iscariot, which was the
him. | traitor.

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities add _whom also he named
apostles_. See Luke 6:13.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _demons_.]

[Footnote 3: Some ancient authorities insert _and he appointed
twelve_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _Zealot_. See Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13.]

[Footnote 5: Or, brother. See Jude 1.]

[Footnote a: Matthew postpones giving the names of the Twelve till they are sent out to preach in Galilee (Matt. 10:1-4. Sect. 70). There is a fourth list in Acts 1:13. See the four compared in note at the end of this volume, note 8.]

Sect. 54. THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT. PRIVILEGES AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE MESSIANIC REIGN. CHRIST'S STANDARD OF RIGHTEOUSNESS

_Matthew, chapters 5-7. Luke 6:17-49._[a]

A level place on a mountain, not far from Capernaum

[Footnote a: There is little doubt that the discourses given by Matthew and Luke are the same, Matthew locating it on "the mountain," and Luke "on a level place," which might easily be a level spot on a mountain. (See note at end of this book, note 9.) Observe that they begin and end alike, and pursue the same general order. Luke omits various matters of special interest to Matthew's Jewish readers (_e.g._ Matt. 5:17-42), and other matters that he himself will give elsewhere (_e.g._ Luke 11:1-4; 12:22-31); while Luke has a few sentences (as ver. 24-26, 38-40), which are not given by Matthew.]

_The Place and the Audience_

_1. The Introduction: The Beatitudes and the Woes. Privileges of the Messiah's Subjects_

Matt. 5:3-12 |Luke 6:20-26
|
3 Blessed are the poor in |20 And he lifted up his eyes on
spirit: for theirs is the | his disciples, and said,
4 kingdom of heaven. [1]Blessed | Blessed _are_ ye poor: for
are they that mourn [_see Isa. | yours is the kingdom of God.
61:3_]: for they shall be |21 Blessed _are_ ye that hunger
5 comforted. Blessed are the | now: for ye shall be filled.
meek: for they shall inherit | Blessed _are_ ye that weep now:
the earth [_see Ps. 37:11_]. |22 for ye shall laugh. Blessed are
6 Blessed are they that hunger | ye, when men shall hate you,
and thirst after righteousness:| and when they shall separate
for they shall be filled [_see | you _from their company_, and
7 Ps. 55_]. Blessed are the | reproach you, and cast out your
merciful: for they shall obtain| name as evil, for the Son of
mercy [_see Ps. 18:25; Prov. |23 man's sake. Rejoice in that
8 11:17_]. Blessed are the pure | day, and leap _for joy_: for
in heart: for they shall see | behold, your reward is great in
9 God [_see Ps. 24:3-5_]. Blessed| heaven: for in the same manner
are the peacemakers: for they | did their fathers unto the
shall be called sons of God. |24 prophets. But woe unto you that
10 Blessed are they that have been| are rich! for ye have received
persecuted for righteousness' |25 your consolation. Woe unto you,
sake: for theirs is the kingdom| ye that are full now! for ye
11 of heaven. Blessed are ye when | shall hunger. Woe _unto you_,
_men_ shall reproach you, and | ye that laugh now! for ye shall
persecute you, and say all |26 mourn and weep. Woe _unto you_,
manner of evil against you | when all men shall speak well
12 falsely, for my sake. Rejoice, | of you! for in the same manner
and be exceeding glad: for | did their fathers to the false
great is your reward in heaven:| prophets.
for so persecuted they the |
prophets which were before you.|

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities transpose verses 4 and 5.]

_2. The Theme of the Sermon: Christ's Standard of Righteousness in Contrast with that of the Scribes and Pharisees_

Matt. 5:13-20

13 Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost its
savour, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for
nothing, but to be cast out and trodden under foot of men [_see
14 Mark 9:50; Jesus often repeated his sayings_]. Ye are the light of
15 the world. A city set on a hill cannot be hid. Neither do _men_
light a lamp, and put it under the bushel, but on the stand; and
it shineth unto all that are in the house [_see Mark 4:21; Luke
16 8:16_]. Even so let your light shine before men, that they may see
your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven.
17 Think not that I came to destroy the law or the prophets: I came
18 not to destroy, but to fulfil. For verily I say unto you, Till
heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise
19 pass away from the law, till all things be accomplished. Whosoever
therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall
teach men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven: but
whosoever shall do and teach them, he shall be called great in the
20 kingdom of heaven. For I say unto you, that except your
righteousness shall exceed _the righteousness_ of the scribes and
Pharisees, ye shall in no wise enter into the kingdom of heaven.

_3. Christ's Ethical Teaching Superior to that of the Scribes (both the Old Testament and the Oral Law) in Six Items or Illustrations (Murder, Adultery, Divorce, Oaths, Retaliation, Love of Enemies)_

Matt. 5:21-48

21 Ye have heard that it was said to them of old time, Thou shalt
not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the
22 judgement [_see Ex. 20:13; Deut. 5:17_]: but I say unto you, that
every one who is angry with his brother[1] shall be in danger of
the judgement; and whosoever shall say to his brother, [2]Raca,
shall be in danger of the council; and whosoever shall say, [3]Thou
23 fool, shall be in danger [4]of the [5]hell of fire. If therefore
thou art offering thy gift at the altar, and there rememberest
24 that thy brother hath aught against thee, leave there thy gift
before the altar, and go thy way, first be reconciled to thy
25 brother, and then come and offer thy gift. Agree with thine
adversary quickly, whiles thou art with him in the way; lest haply
the adversary deliver thee to the judge, and the judge [6]deliver
26 thee to the officer, and thou be cast into prison. Verily I say
unto thee, Thou shalt by no means come out thence, till thou have
paid the last farthing.
27 Ye have heard that it was said, Thou shalt not commit adultery
28 [_see Ex. 20:14; Deut. 5:18_]: but I say unto you, that every one
that looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery
29 with her already in his heart. And if thy right eye causeth thee
to stumble, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: for it is
profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not
30 thy whole body be cast into [7]hell. And if thy right hand causeth
thee to stumble, cut it off, and cast it from thee: for it is
profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not
31 thy whole body go into [7]hell. It was said also, Whosoever shall
put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement [_see
32 Deut. 24:1_]: but I say unto you, that every one that putteth away
his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, maketh her an
adulteress: and whosoever shall marry her when she is put away
committeth adultery.[a]
33 Again, ye have heard that it was said to them of old time, Thou
shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine
oaths [_see Lev. 19:12; Num. 30:2; Ex. 20:7; Deut. 5:11; 23:21_]:
34 but I say unto you, Swear not at all [_see Matt. 26:63-64_];
35 neither by the heaven, for it is the throne of God; nor by the
earth, for it is the footstool of his feet; nor [8]by Jerusalem,
36 for it is the city of the great King [_see Isa. 66:1_]. Neither
shalt thou swear by thy head, for thou canst not make one hair
37 white or black [_see Ps. 48:2_]. [9]But let your speech be, Yea,
yea; Nay, nay: and whatsoever is more than these is of [10]the
evil _one_.
38 Ye have heard that it was said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth
39 for a tooth [_see Ex. 21:24; Lev. 24:20; Deut. 19:21_]: but I say
unto you, Resist not [11]him that is evil: but whosoever smiteth
thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also [_see John
40 18:23_]. And if any man would go to law with thee, and take away
41 the coat, let him have thy cloke also. And whosoever shall
42 [12]compel thee to go one mile, go with him twain. Give to him that
asketh thee, and from him that would borrow of thee turn not thou
away.
43 Ye have heard that it was said, Thou shalt love thy neighbour
[_see Lev. 19:18; Deut. 23:6; 25:19_], and hate thine enemy:

|Luke 6:27-30, 32-36
|
44 but I say unto you [_see Luke |27 But I say unto you which hear,
23:34_], Love your enemies, and| Love your enemies, do good to
pray for them that persecute |28 them that hate you, bless them
45 you; that ye may be sons of | that curse you, pray for them
your Father which is in heaven:|29 that despitefully use you. To
for he maketh his sun to rise | him that smiteth thee on the
on the evil and the good, and | _one_ cheek offer also the
sendeth rain on the just and | other; and from him that taketh
the unjust. | away thy cloke withhold not thy
|30 coat also. Give to every one
| that asketh thee; and of him
| that taketh away thy goods ask
46 For if ye love them|32 them not again. And if ye love
that love you, what reward have| them that love you, what thank
ye? do not even the | have ye? for even sinners love
47 [13]publicans the same? And if |33 those that love them. And if ye
ye salute your brethren only, | do good to them that do good to
what do ye more _than others_? | you, what thank have ye? for
do not even the Gentiles the |34 even sinners do the same. And
48 same? Ye therefore shall be | if ye lend to them of whom ye
perfect, as your heavenly | hope to receive, what thank
Father is perfect. | have ye? even sinners lend to
| sinners, to receive again as
|35 much. But love your enemies,
| and do _them_ good, and lend,
| [14]never despairing; and your
| reward shall be great, and ye
| shall be sons of the Most High:
| for he is kind toward the
|36 unthankful and evil. Be ye
| merciful, even as your Father
| is merciful.

[Footnote 1: Many ancient authorities insert _without cause_.]

[Footnote 2: An expression of contempt.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _Moreh_, a Hebrew expression of condemnation.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _unto_ or _into_.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _Gehenna of fire_.]

[Footnote 6: Some ancient authorities omit _deliver thee_.]

[Footnote 7: Gr. _Gehenna_.]

[Footnote 8: Or, _toward_.]

[Footnote 9: Some ancient authorities read _But your speech shall
be_.]

[Footnote 10: Or, _evil_: as in ver. 39; 6:13.]

[Footnote 11: Or, _evil_.]

[Footnote 12: Gr. _impress_.]

[Footnote 13: That is, _collectors or renters of Roman taxes_:
and so elsewhere.]

[Footnote 14: Some ancient authorities read _despairing of no
man_.]

[Footnote a: See further Mark 9:43-47; 10:11-12; Matt. 18:8-9; 19:9.]

_4. The Practice of Real Righteousness unlike the Ostentatious Hypocrisy of the Pharisees, as in Almsgiving, Prayer, Fasting_

Matt. 6:1-18

1 Take heed that ye do not your righteousness before men, to be
seen of them: else ye have no reward with your Father which is in
heaven.
2 When therefore thou doest alms, sound not a trumpet before thee,
as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that
they may have glory of men. Verily I say unto you, They have
3 received their reward. But when thou doest alms, let not thy left
4 hand know what thy right hand doeth: that thine alms may be in
secret: and thy Father which seeth in secret shall recompense
thee.
5 And when ye pray, ye shall not be as the hypocrites: for they
love to stand and pray in the synagogues and in the corners of the
streets, that they may be seen of men. Verily I say unto you, They
6 have received their reward. But thou, when thou prayest, enter
into thine inner chamber, and having shut thy door, pray to thy
Father which is in secret, and thy Father which seeth in secret
7 shall recompense thee. And in praying use not vain repetitions, as
the Gentiles do: for they think that they shall be heard for their
8 much speaking. Be not therefore like unto them: for [1]your Father
9 knoweth what things ye have need of, before ye ask him. After this
manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed
10 by thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, as in heaven, so
11 on earth. Give us this day [2]our daily bread. And forgive us our
12 debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. And bring us not into
13 temptation, but deliver us from [3]the evil _one_.[4] For if ye
14 forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also
15 forgive you. But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither
will your Father forgive your trespasses.
16 Moreover when ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad
countenance: for they disfigure their faces, that they may be seen
of men to fast. Verily I say unto you, They have received their
17 reward. But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thy head, and wash thy
18 face; that thou be not seen of men to fast, but of thy Father
which is in secret: and thy Father, which seeth in secret, shall
recompense thee.

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities read _God your Father_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _our bread for the coming day_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _evil_.]

[Footnote 4: Many authorities, some ancient, but with variations,
add _For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for
ever. Amen._]

_5. Single-hearted Devotion to God, as Opposed to Worldly Aims and Anxieties_

Matt. 6:19-34

19 Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon the earth, where moth
and rust doth consume, and where thieves [1]break through and
20 steal: but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither
moth nor rust doth consume, and where thieves do not [1]break
21 through nor steal: for where thy treasure is, there will thy heart
22 be also. The lamp of the body is the eye: if therefore thine eye be
23 single, thy whole body shall be full of light. But if thine eye be
evil, thy whole body shall be full of darkness. If therefore the
24 light that is in thee be darkness, how great is the darkness! No
man can serve two masters: for either he will hate the one, and
love the other; or else he will hold to one, and despise the
25 other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon. Therefore I say unto you,
Be not anxious for your life, what ye shall eat, or what ye shall
drink; nor yet for your body, what ye shall put on. Is not the
26 life more than the food, and the body than the raiment? Behold
the birds of the heaven, that they sow not, neither do they reap,
nor gather into barns; and your heavenly Father feedeth them. Are
27 not ye of much more value than they? And which of you by being
28 anxious can add one cubit unto his [2]stature? And why are ye
anxious concerning raiment? Consider the lilies of the field, how
29 they grow; they toil not, neither do they spin: yet I say unto
you, that even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one
30 of these. But if God doth so clothe the grass of the field, which
to-day is, and to-morrow is cast into the oven, _shall he_ not
31 much more _clothe_ you, O ye of little faith? Be not therefore
anxious, saying, What shall we eat? or, What shall we drink? or,
32 Wherewithal shall we be clothed? For after all these things do the
Gentiles seek; for your heavenly Father knoweth that ye have need
33 of all these things. But seek ye first his kingdom, and his
34 righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you. Be
not therefore anxious for the morrow: for the morrow will be
anxious for itself. Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _dig through_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _age_.]

_6. Captious Criticism, or Judging Others_

Matt. 7:1-6 |Luke 6:37-42
|
1 Judge not, that ye be not |37 And judge not, and ye shall not
2 judged. For with what judgement| be judged: and condemn not, and
ye judge, ye shall be judged: | ye shall not be condemned:
and with what measure ye mete, | release, and ye shall be
it shall be measured unto you. |38 released: give, and it shall be
| given unto you; good measure,
| pressed down, shaken together,
| running over, shall they give
| into your bosom. For with what
| measure ye mete it shall be
| measured to you again.
|39 And he spake also a parable
| unto them, Can the blind guide
| the blind? shall they not both
|40 fall into a pit? The disciple
| is not above his [1]master: but
| every one when he is perfected
|41 shall be as his [1]master. And
3 And why beholdest thou the | why beholdest thou the mote
mote that is in thy brother's | that is in thy brother's eye,
eye, but considerest not the | but considerest not the beam
beam that is in thine own eye? |42 that is in thine own eye? Or
4 Or how wilt thou say to thy | how canst thou say to thy
brother, Let me cast out the | brother, Brother, let me cast
mote out of thine eye; and lo, | out the mote that is in thine
the beam is in thine own eye? | eye, when thou thyself
5 Thou hypocrite, cast out first | beholdest not the beam that is
the beam out of thine own eye; | in thine own eye? Thou
and then shalt thou see clearly| hypocrite, cast out first the
to cast out the mote out of thy| beam out of thine own eye, and
brother's eye. | then shalt thou see clearly to
6 Give not that which is holy | cast out the mote that is in
unto the dogs, neither cast | thy brother's eye.
your pearls before the swine, |
lest haply they trample them |
under their feet, and turn and |
rend you. |

[Footnote 1: Or, _teacher_.]

_7. Prayer, and the Golden Rule_

Matt. 7:7-12

7 Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock,
8 and it shall be opened unto you: for every one that asketh
receiveth; and he that seeketh findeth; and to him that knocketh
9 it shall be opened. Or what man is there of you, who, if his son
10 shall ask him for a loaf, will give him a stone; or if he shall
11 ask for a fish, will give him a serpent? If ye then, being evil,
know how to give good gifts unto your children, how much more shall
your Father which is in heaven |
give good things to them that |
12 ask him? All things therefore |Luke 6:31
whatsoever ye would that men |
should do unto you, even so do |31 And as ye would that men
ye also unto them: for this is | should do to you, do ye also to
the law and the prophets. | them likewise.

_8. The Conclusion of the Sermon. The Lesson of Personal Righteousness Driven Home by Powerful Parables_

Matt. 7:13 to 8:1

13 Enter ye in by the narrow gate: for wide [1]is the gate, and
broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many be they
14 that enter in thereby. [2]For narrow is the gate, and straitened
the way, that leadeth unto life, and few be they that find it.
15 Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing,
16 but inwardly are ravening wolves. By their fruits ye shall know
17 them. Do _men_ gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles? Even
so every good tree bringeth |
forth good fruit: but the |Luke 6:43-49
corrupt tree bringeth forth |
18 evil fruit. A good tree cannot |43 For there is no good tree that
bring forth evil fruit, neither| bringeth forth corrupt fruit;
can a corrupt tree bring forth | nor again a corrupt tree that
19 good fruit. Every tree that |44 bringeth forth good fruit. For
bringeth not forth good fruit | each tree is known by its own
is hewn down, and cast into the| fruit. For of thorns men do not
20 fire. Therefore by their fruits| gather figs, nor of a bramble
21 ye shall know them. Not every |45 bush gather they grapes. The
one that saith unto me, Lord, | good man out of the good
Lord, shall enter the kingdom | treasure of his heart bringeth
of heaven; but he that doeth | forth that which is good; and
the will of my Father which is | the evil _man_ out of the evil
22 in heaven. Many will say to me | _treasure_ bringeth forth that
in that day, Lord, Lord, did we| which is evil: for out of the
not prophesy by thy name, and | abundance of the heart his mouth
by thy name cast out [3]devils,| speaketh.
and by thy name do many |46 And why call ye me, Lord,
23 [4]mighty works? And then will | Lord, and do not the things
I profess unto them, I never | which I say?
knew you: depart from me, ye |
24 that work iniquity. Every one |47 Every one that cometh unto me,
therefore which heareth these | and heareth my words, and doeth
words of mine, and doeth them, | them, I will shew you to whom
shall be likened unto a wise |48 he is like: he is like a man
man, which built his house upon| building a house, who digged
25 the rock: and the rain | and went deep, and laid a
descended, and the floods came,| foundation upon a rock: and
and the winds blew, and beat | when a flood arose, the stream
upon that house; and it fell | brake against that house, and
not: for it was founded upon | could not shake it: [5]because
26 the rock. And every one that |49 it had been well builded. But
heareth these words of mine, | he that heareth, and doeth not,
and doeth them not, shall be | is like a man that built a
likened unto a foolish man, | house upon the earth without a
which built his house upon the | foundation; against which the
27 sand: and the rain descended, | stream brake, and straightway
and the floods came, and the | it fell in; and the ruin of
winds blew, and smote upon that| that house was great.
house; and it fell: and great |
was the fall thereof. |
28 And it came to pass, when Jesus ended these words, the multitudes
29 were astonished at his teaching: for he taught them as _one_
having authority, and not as their scribes.
1 And when he was come down from the mountain, great multitudes
followed him.

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities omit _is the gate_.]

[Footnote 2: Many ancient authorities read _How narrow is the
gate, &c._]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _demons_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _powers_.]

[Footnote 5: Many ancient authorities read _for it had been
founded upon the rock:_ as in Matt. 7:25.]

_In sections 55 to 58 we see the rapid spread of Christ's influence and the inquiry from the Baptist in prison._[a]

[Footnote a: Here we have only Matthew and Luke, a block from the Logia of Matthew.]

Sect. 55. JESUS HEALS A CENTURION'S SERVANT AT CAPERNAUM

Matt. 8:5-13 |Luke 7:1-10
|
5 And when he was entered into | 1 After he had ended all his
Capernaum, there came unto him | sayings in the ears of the
a centurion, | people, he entered into
| Capernaum.
| 2 And a certain centurion's
| [5]servant, who was [8]dear
| unto him, was sick and at the
| 3 point of death. And when he
| heard concerning Jesus, he sent
| unto him elders of the Jews,
beseeching him, | asking him that he would come
6 and saying, Lord, my [1]servant| 4 and save his [5]servant. And
lieth in the house sick of the | they, when they came to Jesus,
palsy, grievously tormented. | besought him earnestly, saying,
| He is worthy that thou shouldest
| 5 do this for him: for he loveth
| our nation, and himself built
7 And he saith unto him, I will | 6 us our synagogue. And Jesus
come and heal him. | went with them. And when he was
| now not far from the house, the
| centurion sent friends to him,
8 And the centurion answered | saying unto him, Lord, trouble
and said, Lord, I am not | not thyself: for I am not
[2]worthy that thou shouldest | [2]worthy that thou shouldest
come under my roof: but only | 7 come under my roof: wherefore
say [3]the word, and my | neither thought I myself worthy
[1]servant shall be healed. | to come unto thee: but say
| [3]the word, and my [1]servant
| 8 shall be healed. For I also am
9 For I also am a man [4]under | a man set under authority,
authority, having under myself | having under myself soldiers:
soldiers: and I say to this | and I say to this one, Go, and
one, Go, and he goeth; and to | he goeth; and to another, Come,
another, Come, and he cometh; | and he cometh; and to my
and to my [5]servant, Do this, | [5]servant, Do this, and he
10 and he doeth it. And when Jesus| 9 doeth it. And when Jesus heard
heard it, he marvelled, and | these things, he marvelled at
said to them that followed, | him, and turned and said unto
Verily I say unto you, [6]I | the multitude that followed
have not found so great faith, | him, I say unto you, I have not
11 no, not in Israel. And I say | found so great faith, no, not
unto you, that many shall come | in Israel.
from the east and the west, and|
shall [7]sit down with Abraham,|
and Isaac, and Jacob, in the |
kingdom of heaven [_see Ps. |
12 107:3; Isa. 49:12_]: but the |
sons of the kingdom shall be |
cast forth into the outer |
darkness: there shall be |
weeping and gnashing of teeth. |
13 And Jesus said unto the |
centurion, Go thy way; as thou |
hast believed _so_ be it done |10 And they that were
unto thee. And the [1]servant | sent, returning to the house,
was healed in that hour. | found the [5]servant whole.

[Footnote 1: Or, _boy_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _sufficient_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _with a word_.]

[Footnote 4: Some ancient authorities insert _set_: as in Luke
7:8.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote 6: Many ancient authorities read _With no man in Israel
have I found so great faith_.]

[Footnote 7: Gr. _recline_.]

[Footnote 8: Or, _precious to him_; or, _honourable with him_.]

Sect. 56. HE RAISES A WIDOW'S SON AT NAIN

Luke 7:11-17

11 And it came to pass [1]soon afterwards, that he went to a city
called Nain; and his disciples went with him, and a great
12 multitude. Now when he drew near to the gate of the city, behold,
there was carried out one that was dead, the only son of his
mother, and she was a widow: and much people of the city was with
13 her. And when the Lord saw her, he had compassion on her, and said
14 unto her, Weep not. And he came nigh and touched the bier: and the
bearers stood still. And he said, Young man, I say unto thee,
15 Arise. And he that was dead sat up, and began to speak. And he
16 gave him to his mother. And fear took hold on all: and they
glorified God, saying, A great prophet is arisen among us: and,
17 God hath visited his people. And this report went forth concerning
him in the whole of Judea, and the region round about.

[Footnote 1: Many ancient authorities read _on the next day_.]

Sect. 57. THE MESSAGE[a] FROM THE BAPTIST AND THE EULOGY OF JESUS

Galilee

Matt. 11:2-19 |Luke 7:18-35
|
2 Now when John heard in the |18 And the disciples of John told
prison[b] the works of the |19 him of all these things. And
Christ, he sent by his | John calling unto him [10]two
3 disciples, and said unto him, | of his disciples sent them to
Art thou he that cometh, or | the Lord, saying, Art thou he
4 look we for another? | that cometh, or look we for
|20 another? And when the men were
| come unto him, they said, John
| the Baptist hath sent us unto
| thee, saying, Art thou he that
| cometh, or look we for another?
|21 In that hour he cured many of
| diseases and [11]plagues and
| evil spirits; and on many that
And Jesus | were blind he bestowed sight.
answered and said unto them, Go|22 And he answered and said unto
your way and tell John the | them, Go your way, and tell
things which ye do hear and | John what things ye have seen
5 see: the blind receive their | and heard [_see Isa. 29:18-19;
sight, and the lame walk, the | 35:5-6; 61:1_]; the blind
lepers are cleansed, and the | receive their sight, the lame
deaf hear, and the dead are | walk, the lepers are cleansed,
raised up, and the poor have | and the deaf hear, the dead are
[1]good tidings preached to | raised up, the poor have
6 them. And blessed is he, | [1]good tidings preached to
whosoever shall find none |23 them. And blessed is he,
occasion of stumbling in me. | whosoever shall find none
| occasion of stumbling in me.
7 And as these went their way, |24 And when the messengers of
Jesus began to say unto the | John were departed, he began to
multitudes concerning John, | say unto the multitudes
What went ye out into the | concerning John, What went ye
wilderness to behold? a reed | out into the wilderness to
8 shaken with the wind? But what | behold? a reed shaken with the
went ye out for to see? a man |25 wind? But what went ye out to
clothed in soft _raiment_? | see? a man clothed in soft
Behold, they that wear soft | raiment? Behold, they which are
_raiment_ are in kings' houses.| gorgeously apparelled, and live
9 [2]But wherefore went ye out? | delicately, are in kings'
to see a prophet? Yea, I say |26 courts. But what went ye out to
unto you, and much more than a | see? a prophet? Yea, I say unto
10 prophet. This is he, of whom it| you, and much more than a
is written, |27 prophet. This is he of whom it
Behold, I send my messenger | is written,
before thy face, | Behold, I send my messenger
Who shall prepare thy way | before thy face,
before thee. | Who shall prepare thy way
11 Verily I say unto you, Among | before thee [_see Mal.
them that are born of women | 3:1_].
there hath not arisen a greater|28 I say unto you, Among them that
than John the Baptist: yet he | are born of women there is none
that is [3]but little in the | greater than John: yet he that
kingdom of heaven is greater | is [3]but little in the kingdom
12 than he. And from the days of | of God is greater than he.
John the Baptist until now the |
kingdom of heaven suffereth |
violence, and men of violence |
take it by force [_see Luke |
13 16:17_]. For all the prophets |
and the law prophesied until |
14 John. And if ye are willing to |
receive [4]it, this is Elijah, |
which is to come [_see Mal. |
15 4:5_]. He that hath ears [5]to |
hear, let him hear. |
|29 And
| all the people when they heard,
| and the publicans, justified
| God, [12]being baptized with
|30 the baptism of John. But the
| Pharisees and the lawyers
| rejected for themselves the
| counsel of God, [13]being not
|31 baptized of him. Whereunto then
16 But whereunto shall I liken | shall I liken the men of this
this generation? It is like[c] | generation, and to what are
unto children sitting in the |32 they like? They are like unto
marketplaces, which call unto | children that sit in the
17 their fellows, and say, We | marketplace, and call one to
piped unto you, and ye did not | another; which say, We piped
dance; we wailed, and ye did | unto you, and ye did not dance;
18 not [6]mourn. | we wailed, and ye did not weep.
For John came |33 For John the Baptist is come
neither eating nor drinking, | eating no bread nor drinking
and they say, He hath a | wine; and ye say, He hath a
19 [7]devil. The Son of man came |34 [7]devil. The Son of man is
eating and drinking, and they | come eating and drinking; and
say, Behold, a gluttonous man, | ye say, Behold, a gluttonous
and a winebibber, a friend of | man, and a winebibber, a friend
publicans and sinners! And |35 of publicans and sinners! And
wisdom [8]is justified by her | wisdom [8]is justified of all
[9]works. | her children.

[Footnote 1: Or, _the gospel_.]

[Footnote 2: Many ancient authorities read _But what went ye out
to see? a prophet?_]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _lesser_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, him.]

[Footnote 5: Some ancient authorities omit _to hear_.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _beat the breast_.]

[Footnote 7: Gr. _demon_.]

[Footnote 8: Or, _was_.]

[Footnote 9: Many ancient authorities read _children_: as in Luke
7:35.]

[Footnote 10: Gr. _certain two_.]

[Footnote 11: Gr. _scourges_.]

[Footnote 12: Or, _having been_.]

[Footnote 13: Or, _not having been_.]

[Footnote a: Observe that his fame as having raised the dead, and as being "a great prophet," spread widely, and reaching John, led to his message of inquiry (connect Luke 7:17 and 18).]

[Footnote b: John's prison was at Machaerus, east of the Dead Sea. Jesus was somewhere in Galilee, probably near Nain, which was in the southern part of Galilee.]

[Footnote c: Parable of the Children Playing in the Market Place.]

Sect. 58. WOES UPON THE CITIES OF OPPORTUNITY. THE CLAIMS OF CHRIST AS THE TEACHER ABOUT THE FATHER.

Galilee

Matt. 11:20-30

20 Then began he to upbraid the cities wherein most of his [1]mighty
21 works were done, because they repented not. Woe unto thee,
Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the [1]mighty works had
been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you, they would
22 have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. Howbeit I say unto
you, it shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon in the day of
23 judgement, than for you [_see Isa. 14:13-15_]. And thou,
Capernaum, shalt thou be exalted unto heaven? thou shalt [2]go
down unto Hades: for if the [1]mighty works had been done in Sodom
which were done in thee, it would have remained until this day.
24 Howbeit I say unto you, that it shall be more tolerable for the
land of Sodom in the day of judgement, than for thee [_see Gen.
19:24_].
25 At that season Jesus answered and said, I [3]thank thee, O Father
[_see John 3:35; 17:2_], Lord of heaven and earth, that thou didst
hide these things from the wise and understanding, and didst
26 reveal them unto babes: yea, Father, [4]for so it was
27 well-pleasing in thy sight. All things have been delivered unto me
of my Father: and no one knoweth the Son, save the Father; neither
doth any know the Father, save the Son, and he to whomsoever the
28 Son willeth to reveal _him_. Come unto me, all ye that labour and
29 are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke[a] upon
you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and ye
30 shall find rest unto your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my
burden is light [_see Jer. 6:16; Sirach 51:23_].

[Footnote 1: Gr. _powers_.]

[Footnote 2: Many ancient authorities read _be brought down_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _praise_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _that_.]

[Footnote a: Rabbinical figure for going to school. Jesus thus definitely pictures himself as the expert on God in a Johannean passage (_cf._ Luke 10:21-24). He conceives himself as the Teacher who alone is able to interpret the Father.]

Sect. 59. THE ANOINTING[a] OF CHRIST'S FEET BY A SINFUL WOMAN IN THE HOUSE OF SIMON A PHARISEE. THE PARABLE OF THE TWO DEBTORS

Galilee

Luke 7:36-50

36 And one of the Pharisees desired him that he would eat with him.
And he entered into the Pharisee's house, and sat down to meat.
37 And behold, a woman which was in the city, a sinner; and when she
knew that he was sitting at meat in the Pharisee's house, she
38 brought [1]an alabaster cruse of ointment, and standing behind at
his feet, weeping, she began to wet his feet with her tears, and
wiped them with the hair of her head, and [2]kissed his feet, and
39 anointed them with the ointment. Now when the Pharisee which had
bidden him saw it, he spake within himself, saying, This man, if
he were [3]a prophet, would have perceived who and what manner of
40 woman this is which toucheth him, that she is a sinner. And Jesus
answering said unto him, Simon, I have somewhat to say unto thee.
41 And he saith, [4]Master, say on. A certain lender had two debtors:
42 the one owed five hundred [5]pence, and the other fifty. When they
had not _wherewith_ to pay, he forgave them both. Which of them
43 therefore will love him most? Simon answered and said, He, I
suppose, to whom he forgave the most. And he said unto him, Thou
44 hast rightly judged. And turning to the woman, he said unto Simon,
Seest thou this woman? I entered into thine house, thou gavest me
no water for my feet: but she hath wetted my feet with her tears,
45 and wiped them with her hair. Thou gavest me no kiss: but she,
46 since the time I came in, hath not ceased to [6]kiss my feet. My
head with oil thou didst not anoint: but she hath anointed my feet
47 with ointment. Wherefore I say unto thee, Her sins, which are
many, are forgiven; for she loved much: but to whom little is
48 forgiven, _the same_ loveth little. And he said unto her, Thy sins
49 are forgiven. And they that sat at meat with him began to say
50 [7]within themselves, Who is this that even forgiveth sins? And he
said unto the woman, Thy faith hath saved thee; go in peace.

[Footnote 1: Or, _a flask_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _kissed much_.]

[Footnote 3: Some ancient authorities read _the prophet_. See John
1:21, 25.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 5: The word in the Greek denotes a coin worth about
seventeen cents.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _kiss much_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _among_.]

[Footnote a: This anointing in Galilee must be distinct from the anointing at Bethany, near Jerusalem, more than a year later. This sinful and penitent woman is represented by a very late tradition as being Mary Magdalene, and hence all the popular uses of the term Magdalen. But that notion has no historical support whatever, and it becomes violently improbable when we find that in the very next paragraph Luke introduces Mary Magdalene as a new figure in the history. Some men even identify Mary of Bethany with this woman that was a sinner and also with Mary Magdalene, a medley of medieval mysticism.]

_In sections 60 to 63 Jesus makes a second (three in all) tour of Galilee, this time with all the Twelve. Intense hostility of the Pharisees is aroused by the work. They make the blasphemous accusation that Jesus is in league with Satan. Even the kindred of Jesus fear that he is beside himself because of the excitement and the charges._

Sect. 60. THE SECOND TOUR OF GALILEE

Luke 8:1-3

1 And it came to pass soon afterwards, that he went about through
cities and villages, preaching and bringing the [1]good tidings of
2 the kingdom of God, and with him the twelve, and certain women
which had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities, Mary that
3 was called Magdalene, from whom seven [2]devils had gone out, and
Joanna the wife of Chuza, Herod's steward, and Susanna, and many
others, which ministered unto [3]them of their substance.

[Footnote 1: Or, _gospel_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _demons_.]

[Footnote 3: Many ancient authorities read _him_.]

_Notice that the events of Sects. 61-66 all occurred on the same day, called the Busy Day._[a]

[Footnote a: This "Busy Day" is just one of many such days in the Master's Ministry. See, for instance, the last day of his public ministry in the temple in Jerusalem. Observe Jesus in the _forenoon_ teaching a crowded audience (Mark 3:19), some of whom insult and blaspheme him, and others demand a sign, and at length his mother and brethren try to carry him off as insane (comp. Mark 3:21); in the _afternoon_ giving a group of most remarkable parables, several of which he interprets; towards night crossing the Lake in a boat, so tired and worn that he sleeps soundly amid the alarming storm; then healing the Gadarene demoniacs, and returning by boat, apparently the same evening. What a day of toil and trial.]

Sect. 61. BLASPHEMOUS ACCUSATION OF LEAGUE WITH BEELZEBUB

Galilee

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A Harmony of the Gospels for Students of the Life of ChristChapter XIX: Part VII: The Great Galilean Ministry (2)

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