Chapter XXII: Part VIII: The Special Training of the Twelve in Districts Around Galilee (1)

Probably Passover in A.D. 29[a] to near Tabernacles in A.D. 29 or a year earlier (six months from spring to autumn). Just a year from the beginning of this Period till the Crucifixion. Emphasis now on the King of the Kingdom (the Person of the Messiah).

_Sects. 72-95. Four separate withdrawals[b] from Galilee are given, in Sects. 72, 78, 79, 81. Notice that in every case he keeps out of Herod's territory, and in every case he goes to the mountains._

[Footnote a: If the ministry of Jesus was three and a half years in length. If there were only three passovers in the ministry, then the year would be A.D. 28. This period begins just before a passover (John 6:4).]

[Footnote b: There are five reasons for the withdrawals from Galilee. He withdraws from the jealousy of Herod Antipas (Sect. 71), from the fanaticism of would-be followers in Galilee (John 6:15), and the hostility of the Jewish rulers; and leaving the hot shores of the Lake of Galilee, he spent the summer in mountain districts around, resting, and _instructing the Twelve_.]

Sect. 72. THE FIRST RETIREMENT. THE TWELVE RETURN, AND JESUS RETIRES WITH THEM BEYOND THE LAKE TO REST. FEEDING OF THE FIVE THOUSAND

Mark 6:30-44 |Matt. 14:13-21 |Luke 9:10-17 |John 6:1-13
| | |
30 And the | |10 And the |
apostles | | apostles, when|
gather | | they were |
themselves | | returned, |
together unto | | declared unto |
Jesus; and | | him what |
they told him | | things they |
all things, | | had done. |
whatsoever | | |
they had done,| | |
and whatsoever| | |
they had | | |
31 taught. And he| | |
saith unto | | |
them, Come ye | | |
yourselves | | |
apart into a | | |
desert place, | | |
and rest a | | |
while. For | | |
there were | | |
many coming | | | 1 After these
and going, and| | | things Jesus
they had no |13 Now when | | went away to
leisure so | Jesus heard | And he took | the other
much as to | _it_, he | them, and | side of the
32 eat. And they | withdrew from| withdrew apart| sea of
went away in | thence in a | to a city | Galilee,
the boat to a | boat, to a | called | which is _the
desert place | desert place | Bethsaida.[a] | sea_ of
33 apart. And | apart: and | | 2 Tiberias. And
_the people_ | when the |11 But the | a great
saw them | multitudes | multitudes | multitude
going, and | heard | perceiving it | followed him,
many knew | _thereof_, | followed him: | because they
_them_, and | they followed| and he | beheld the
they ran there| him [1]on | welcomed them,| signs which
together [1]on| foot from the| and spake to | he did on
foot from all |14 cities. And | them of the | them that
the cities, | he came | kingdom of | were sick.
and outwent | forth, and | God, and them | 3 And Jesus
34 them. And he | saw a great | that had need | went up into
came forth and| multitude, | of healing he | the
saw a great | and he had | healed. | mountain,
multitude, and| compassion on| | and there he
he had | them, and | | sat with his
compassion on | healed their | | disciples.
them, because | sick. | |
they were as | | |
sheep not | | |
having a | | |
shepherd: and | | |
he began to | | |
teach them |15 And |12 And | 4 Now the
many things. | when even was| the day began | passover, the
35 And when the | come, the | to wear away; | feast of the
day was now | disciples | and the twelve| Jews was at
far spent, his| came to him, | came, and said| 5 hand. Jesus
disciples came| saying, The | unto him, Send| therefore
unto him, and | place is | the multitude | lifting up
said, The | desert, and | away, that | his eyes, and
place is | the time is | they may go | seeing that a
desert, and | already past;| into the | great
the day is now| send the | villages and | multitude
far spent: | multitudes | country round | cometh unto
36 send them | away, that | about, and | him, saith
away, that | they may go | lodge, and get| unto Philip,
they may go | into the | victuals: for | Whence are we
into the | villages, and| we are here in| to buy
country and | buy | a desert | [4]bread, that
villages round| themselves | place. | these may eat?
about, and buy| food. | |
themselves | | |
somewhat to | | |
37 eat. But he |16 But | | 6 And
answered and | Jesus said |13 But he | this he said
said unto | unto them, | said unto | to prove him:
them, Give ye | They have no | them, Give ye | for he
them to eat. | need to go | them to eat. | himself knew
And they say | away; give ye| | what he would
unto him, | them to eat. | | 7 do. Philip
Shall we go | | | answered him,
and buy two | | | Two hundred
hundred | | | [3]pennyworth
[3]pennyworth | | | of [4]bread
of bread, and | | | is not
give them to | | | sufficient
38 eat? And he | | | for them,
saith unto | | | that every
them, | | | one may take
| | | 8 a little. One
How many |17 And they say | And they said,| of his
loaves have | unto him, We | We have no | disciples,
ye? go _and_ | have here but| more than five| Andrew, Simon
see. And when | five loaves, | loaves and two| Peter's
they knew, | and two | fishes; except| brother,
they say, |18 fishes. And | we should go | saith unto
Five, and two | he said, | and buy food | 9 him, There is
39 fishes. And he| Bring them | for all this | a lad here,
commanded them| hither to me.|14 people. For | which hath
that all |19 And he | they were | five barley
should [2]sit | commanded the| about five | loaves, and
down by | multitudes to| thousand men. | two fishes:
companies upon| [2]sit down | And he said | but what are
the green | on the grass;| unto his | these among
40 grass. And | | disciples, | so many?
they sat down | | Make them |10 Jesus said,
in ranks, by | | [2]sit down in| Make the
hundreds, and | | companies, | people sit
by fifties. | | about fifty | down.
| |15 each. And they| Now
| | did so, and | there was
| | made them all | much grass in
| | [2]sit down. | the place. So
41 And he took | and he took |16 And he took | the men sat
the five | the five | the five | down, in
loaves and the| loaves, and | loaves and the| number about
two fishes, | the two | two fishes, | five
and looking up| fishes, and | and looking up| thousand.
to heaven, he | looking up to| to heaven, he |11 Jesus
blessed, and | heaven, he | blessed them, | therefore
brake the | blessed, and | and brake; and| took the
loaves; and he| brake and | gave to the | loaves; and
gave to the | gave the | disciples to | having given
disciples to | loaves to the| set before the| thanks,
set before | disciples, | multitude. | distributed
them; and the | and the | | to them that
two fishes | disciples to | | were set
divided he | the | | down;
among them | multitudes. |17 And | likewise also
42 all. And they |20 And they did | they did eat, | of the fishes
did all eat, | all eat, and | and were all | as much as
and were | were filled: | filled: and | they would.
43 filled. And | and they took| there was |12 And when they
they took up | up that which| taken up that | were filled,
broken pieces,| remained over| which remained| he saith unto
twelve | of the broken| over to them | his
basketfuls, | pieces, | of broken | disciples,
and also of | twelve | pieces, twelve| Gather up the
the fishes. | baskets full.| baskets. | broken pieces
44 And they that |21 And they that| | which remain
ate the loaves| did eat were | | over, that
were five | about five | | nothing be
thousand men. | thousand men,| |13 lost. So they
| beside women | | gathered them
| and children.| | up, and
| | | filled twelve
| | | baskets with
| | | broken pieces
| | | from the five
| | | barley
| | | loaves, which
| | | remained over
| | | unto them
| | | that had
| | | eaten.[b]

[Footnote 1: Or, _by land_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _recline_.]

[Footnote 3: The word in the Greek denotes a coin worth about
seventeen cents.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _loaves_.]

[Footnote a: The Bethsaida of Luke 9:10 was evidently the eastern Bethsaida, which the Tetrarch Philip had named Bethsaida Julias, while that of Mark 6:45 was the western Bethsaida, near Capernaum. The territory belonging to Bethsaida Julias would naturally extend some distance down the lake.]

[Footnote b: Note that here for the first time John runs parallel with all the synoptic gospels. All four report this incident. See Passion Week.]

Sect. 73. THE PREVENTION OF THE REVOLUTIONARY PURPOSE TO PROCLAIM JESUS KING (A POLITICAL MESSIAH)

Mark 6:45-46 |Matt. 14:22-23 |John 6:14-15
| |
45 And straightway he|22 And straightway he|14 When therefore
constrained his | constrained the | the people saw the
disciples to enter | disciples to enter | [1]sign which he
into the boat, and | into the boat, and | did, they said,
to go before _him_ | to go before him | This is of a truth
unto the other side | unto the other side,| the prophet that
to Bethsaida, while | till he should send | cometh into the
he himself sendeth | the multitudes away.| world [_see Deut.
the multitude away. |23 And after he had | 18:15_].
46 And after he had | sent the multitudes |15 Jesus therefore
taken leave of them,| away, he went up | perceiving that
he departed into the| into the mountain | they were about to
mountain to pray. | apart to pray: and | come and take him
| when even was come, | by force, to make
| he was there alone. | him king, withdrew
| | again into the
| | mountain himself
| | alone.

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities read _signs_.]

Sect. 74. THE PERIL TO THE TWELVE IN THE STORM AT SEA AND CHRIST'S COMING TO THEM ON THE WATER IN THE DARKNESS

Mark 6:47-52 |Matt. 14:24-33 |John 6:16-21
| |
47 And when even was |24 But the boat [1]was |16 And when evening
come, the boat was | now in the midst of | came, his
in the midst of the | the sea, distressed | disciples went
sea, and he alone on| by the waves; for | down unto the sea;
48 the land. And seeing| the wind was |17 and they entered
them distressed in | contrary. | into a boat, and
rowing, for the wind| | were going over
was contrary unto | | the sea unto
them, about the |25 And in the| Capernaum. And it
fourth watch of the | fourth watch of the | was now dark, and
night he cometh unto| night he came unto | Jesus had not yet
them, walking on the| them, walking upon |18 come to them. And
sea; and he would | the sea. | the sea was rising
have passed by them:| | by reason of a
49 but they, when they |26 And when | great wind that
saw him walking on | the disciples saw |19 blew. When
the sea, supposed | him walking on the | therefore they had
that it was an | sea, they were | rowed about five
apparition, and | troubled, saying, It| and twenty or
50 cried out: for they | is an apparition; | thirty furlongs,
all saw him, and | and they cried out | they behold Jesus
were troubled. | for fear. | walking on the
| | sea, and drawing
But |27 But | nigh unto the
he straightway spake| straightway Jesus | boat: and they
with them, and saith| spake unto them, |20 were afraid. But
unto them, Be of | saying, Be of good | he saith unto
good cheer: it is I;| cheer; it is I; be | them, It is I; be
51 be not afraid. |28 not afraid. And | not afraid.
| Peter answered him |
| and said, Lord, if |
| it be thou, bid me |
| come unto thee upon |
|29 the waters. And he |
| said, Come. And |
| Peter went down from|
| the boat, and walked|
| upon the waters, |
| [2]to come to Jesus.|
|30 But when he saw the |
| [3]wind, he was |
| afraid; and |
| beginning to sink, |
| he cried out, |
| saying, Lord, save |
|31 me. And immediately |
| Jesus stretched |
| forth his hand, and |
| took hold of him, |
| and saith unto him, |
| O thou of little |
| faith, wherefore |
And | didst thou doubt? |
he went up unto them|32 And when they were |21 They
into the boat; and | gone up into the | were willing
the wind ceased: and| boat, the wind | therefore to
they were sore |33 ceased. And they | receive him into
amazed in | that were in the | the boat: and
52 themselves; for they| boat worshipped him,| straightway the
understood not | saying, Of a truth | boat was at the
concerning the | thou art the Son of | land whither they
loaves, but their | God. | were going.
heart was hardened. | |

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities read _was many furlongs
distant from the land_.]

[Footnote 2: Some ancient authorities read _and came_.]

[Footnote 3: Many ancient authorities add _strong_.]

Sect. 75. THE RECEPTION AT GENNESARET

Mark 6:53-56 |Matt. 14:34-36
|
53 And when they had [1]crossed |34 And when they had crossed
over, they came to the land | over, they came to the land,
unto Gennesaret, and moored to | unto Gennesaret.
54 the shore. And when they were |
come out of the boat, |
straightway _the people_ knew |
55 him, and ran about that whole |
region, and began to carry |
about on their beds those that |
were sick, where they heard he |
56 was. And wheresoever[a] he |35 And when the men of
entered, into villages, or into| that place knew him, they sent
cities, or into the country, | unto all that region round
they laid the sick in the | about, and brought unto him all
marketplaces, and besought him |36 that were sick; and they
that they might touch if it | besought him that they might
were but the border of his | only touch the border of his
garment: and as many as touched| garment: and as many as touched
[2]him were made whole. | were made whole.

[Footnote 1: Or, _crossed over to the land, they came unto
Gennesaret_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _it_.]

[Footnote a: This general characterization applies to the Galilean work as a whole in Part VII rather than to the precise time at this juncture. But one must allow his imagination to enlarge upon the scope of Christ's work.]

Sect. 76. THE COLLAPSE OF THE GALILEAN CAMPAIGN BECAUSE JESUS WILL NOT CONFORM TO POPULAR MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS

_The next day in the Synagogue in Capernaum. The same crowd that had eaten the Loaves and the Fishes leave Christ in disgust on learning that He is the Bread of Life and not a Political Messiah._

John 6:22-71

22 On the morrow the multitude which stood on the other side of the
sea saw that there was none other [1]boat there, save one, and
that Jesus entered not with his disciples into the boat, but
23 _that_ his disciples went away alone (howbeit there came [2]boats
from Tiberias nigh unto the place where they ate the bread after
24 the Lord had given thanks): when the multitude therefore saw that
Jesus was not there, neither his disciples, they themselves got
25 into the [2]boats, and came to Capernaum, seeking Jesus. And when
they found him on the other side of the sea, they said unto him,
26 Rabbi, when camest thou hither? Jesus answered them and said,
Verily, verily, I say unto you, Ye seek me, not because ye saw
27 signs, but because ye ate of the loaves, and were filled. Work not
for the meat which perisheth, but for the meat which abideth unto
eternal life, which the Son of man shall give unto you: for him
28 the Father, _even_ God, hath sealed. They said therefore unto him,
29 What must we do, that we may work the works of God? Jesus answered
and said unto them, This is the work of God, that ye believe on
30 him whom [3]he hath sent. They said therefore unto him, What then
doest thou for a sign, that we may see, and believe thee? what
31 workest thou? Our fathers ate the manna in the wilderness; as it
is written, He gave them bread out of heaven to eat [_see Ex.
32 16:4, 15; Ps. 78:24; Neh. 9:15_]. Jesus therefore said unto them,
Verily, verily, I say unto you, It was not Moses that gave you the
bread out of heaven; but my Father giveth you the true bread out
33 of heaven. For the bread of God is that which cometh down out of
34 heaven, and giveth life unto the world. They said therefore unto
35 him, Lord, evermore give us this bread. Jesus said unto them, I am
the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall not hunger, and he
36 that believeth on me shall never thirst. But I said unto you, that
37 ye have seen me, and yet believe not. All that which the Father
giveth me shall come unto me; and him that cometh to me I will in
38 no wise cast out. For I am come down from heaven, not to do mine
39 own will, but the will of him that sent me. And this is the will
of him that sent me, that of all that which he hath given me I
40 should lose nothing, but should raise it up at the last day. For
this is the will of my Father, that every one that beholdeth the
Son, and believeth on him, should have eternal life; and [4]I will
raise him up at the last day.
41 The Jews therefore murmured concerning him, because he said, I am
42 the bread which came down out of heaven. And they said, Is not
this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know?
43 how doth he now say, I am come down out of heaven? Jesus answered
44 and said unto them, Murmur not among yourselves. No man can come
to me, except the Father which sent me draw him: and I will raise
45 him up in the last day. It is written in the prophets [_see Isa.
54:13_], And they shall all be taught of God. Every one that hath
46 heard from the Father, and hath learned, cometh unto me. Not that
any man hath seen the Father, save he which is from God, he hath
47 seen the Father. Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth
48 hath eternal life. I am the bread of life. Your fathers did eat
49 the manna in the wilderness, and they died. This is the bread
50 which cometh down out of heaven, that a man may eat thereof, and
51 not die. I am the living bread which came down out of heaven: if
any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: yea and the
bread which I will give is my flesh, for the life of the world.
52 The Jews therefore strove one with another, saying, How can this
53 man give us his flesh to eat? Jesus therefore said unto them,
Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except ye eat the flesh of the Son
54 of man and drink his blood, ye have not life in yourselves. He
that eateth my flesh and drinketh my blood hath eternal life; and
55 I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is [5]meat
56 indeed, and my blood is [6]drink indeed. He that eateth my flesh
57 and drinketh my blood abideth in me, and I in him. As the living
Father sent me, and I live because of the Father; so he that
58 eateth me, he also shall live because of me. This is the bread
which came down out of heaven: not as the fathers did eat, and
59 died: he that eateth this bread shall live for ever. These things
said he in [7]the synagogue, as he taught in Capernaum.
60 Many therefore of his disciples, when they heard _this_, said,
61 This is a hard saying; who can hear [8]it? But Jesus knowing in
himself that his disciples murmured at this, said unto them, Doth
62 this cause you to stumble? _What_ then if ye should behold the Son
63 of man ascending where he was before? It is the spirit that
quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I have
64 spoken unto you are spirit, and are life. But there are some of
you that believe not. For Jesus knew from the beginning who they
65 were that believed not, and who it was that should betray him. And
he said, For this cause have I said unto you, that no man can come
unto me, except it be given unto him of the Father.
66 Upon this many of his disciples went back, and walked no more
67 with him. Jesus said therefore unto the twelve, Would ye also go
68 away? Simon Peter answered him, Lord, to whom shall we go? thou
69 [9]hast the words of eternal life. And we have believed and know
70 that thou art the Holy One of God. Jesus answered them, Did not I
71 choose you the twelve, and one of you is a devil? Now he spake of
Judas _the son_ of Simon Iscariot, for he it was that should betray
him, _being_ one of the twelve.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _little boat_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _little boats_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _he sent_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _that I should raise him up_.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _true meat_.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _true drink_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _a synagogue_.]

[Footnote 8: Or, _him_.]

[Footnote 9: Or, _hast words_.]

Sect. 77. PHARISEES FROM JERUSALEM REPROACH JESUS FOR ALLOWING HIS DISCIPLES TO DISREGARD THEIR TRADITIONS ABOUT CEREMONIAL DEFILEMENT OF THE HANDS. A PUZZLING PARABLE IN REPLY

Probably in Capernaum

Mark 7:1-23 |Matt. 15:1-20 |John 7:1
| |
1 And there are gathered | 1 Then there | 1 And after
together unto him the | come to Jesus| these things
Pharisees, and certain of the | from | Jesus walked
scribes, which had come from | Jerusalem | in Galilee:
2 Jerusalem, and had seen that | Pharisees and| for he would
some of his disciples ate their| scribes, | not walk in
bread with [6]defiled, that is,| saying, | Judea, because
3 unwashen, hands. For the | | the Jews
Pharisees, and all the Jews, | | sought to kill
except they wash their hands | | him.
[7]diligently, eat not, holding| |
the tradition of the elders: | |
4 and _when they come_ from the | |
marketplace, except they | |
[8]wash themselves, they eat | |
not: and many other things | |
there be, which they have | |
received to hold, [9]washings | |
5 of cups, and pots, and brasen | |
vessels.[10] And the Pharisees | |
and the scribes ask him, Why | 2 Why do thy disciples transgress
walk not thy disciples | the tradition of the elders? for
according to the tradition of | they wash not their hands when
the elders, but eat their bread| 3 they eat bread. And he answered
6 with [6]defiled hands? And he | 7 and said unto them, Ye
said unto them, Well did Isaiah| hypocrites, well did Isaiah
prophesy of you hypocrites, as | prophesy of you, saying [_see
it is written, | Isa. 29:13_],
This people honoureth me with| 8 This people honoureth me with
their lips, | their lips;
But their heart is far from | But their heart is far from
me. | me.
7 But in vain do they worship | 9 But in vain do they worship
me, | me,
Teaching _as their_ doctrines| Teaching _as their_ doctrines
the precepts of men. | the precepts of men.
8 Ye leave the commandment of | 3 Why do ye also transgress the
God, and hold fast the | commandment of God because of
9 tradition of men. And he said | your tradition?
unto them, Full well do ye |
reject the commandment of God, |
that ye may keep your |
10 tradition. For Moses [_see Ex. |
20:12; Deut. 5:16_] said, | 4 For God said,
Honour thy father and thy | Honour thy father and thy
mother; and, He that speaketh | mother: and, He that speaketh
evil of father or mother, let | evil of father or mother, let
11 him [1]die the death: but ye | 5 him [1]die the death. But ye
say, If a man shall say to his | say, Whosoever shall say to his
father or his mother, That | father or his mother, That
wherewith thou mightest have | wherewith thou mightest have
been profited by me is Corban, | been profited by me is given
that is to say, Given _to God_ | _to God_; he shall not honour
[_see Ex. 21:17; Lev. 20:9_]; | 6 his father[2]. And ye have made
12 ye no longer suffer him to do |
aught for his father or his |
13 mother; making void the word of| void the [3]word of God because
God by your tradition, which ye| of your tradition.
have delivered: and many such |
14 like things ye do. And he |10 And he
called to him the multitude | called to him the multitude,
again, and said unto them, Hear| and said unto them, Hear, and
me all of you, and understand: |11 understand: Not that which
15 there is nothing from without |
the man, that going into him | entereth into the mouth
can defile him: but the things | defileth the man; but that
which proceed out of the man | which proceedeth out of the
are those that defile the | mouth, this defileth the man.
17 man.[11] And when he was |
entered into the house from the|
multitude, his disciples asked |
of him the parable. |12 Then came the disciples, and
| said unto him, Knowest thou
| that the Pharisees were
| [4]offended, when they heard
|13 this saying? But he answered
| and said, Every [5]plant which
| my heavenly Father planted not,
|14 shall be rooted up. Let them
| alone: they are blind guides.
| And if the blind guide the
| blind, both shall fall into a
|15 pit. And Peter answered and
18 And he | said unto him, Declare unto us
saith unto them, Are ye so |16 the parable. And he said, Are
without understanding also? | ye also even yet without
Perceive ye not, that |17 understanding? Perceive ye not,
whatsoever from without goeth | that whatsoever goeth into the
into the man, _it_ cannot |
19 defile him; because it goeth |
not into his heart, but into | mouth passeth into the belly,
his belly, and goeth out into | and is cast out into the
the draught? _This he said_, | draught?
20 making all meats clean. And he |
said, That which proceedeth out|18 But the things which
of the man, that defileth the | proceed out of the mouth come
21 man. For from within, out of | forth out of the heart; and
the heart of men, [12]evil |19 they defile the man. For out of
thoughts proceed, fornications,| the heart come forth evil
thefts, murders, adulteries, | thoughts, murders, adulteries,
22 covetings, wickednesses, | fornications, thefts, false
deceit, lasciviousness, an evil| witness, railings:
eye, railing, pride, |
23 foolishness: all these evil |20 these are
things proceed from within, and| the things which defile the
defile the man. | man: but to eat with unwashen
| hands defileth not the man.

[Footnote 1: Or, _surely die_.]

[Footnote 2: Some ancient authorities add _or his mother_.]

[Footnote 3: Some ancient authorities read _law_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _caused to stumble_.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _planting_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _common_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _up to the elbow_. Gr. _with the fist_.]

[Footnote 8: Gr. _baptize_. Some ancient authorities read
_sprinkle themselves_.]

[Footnote 9: Gr. _baptizings_.]

[Footnote 10: Many ancient authorities add _and couches_.]

[Footnote 11: Many ancient authorities insert ver. 16 _If any man
hath ears to hear, let him hear._]

[Footnote 12: Gr. _thoughts that are evil_.]

Sect. 78. THE SECOND WITHDRAWAL TO THE REGION OF TYRE AND SIDON AND THE HEALING OF THE DAUGHTER OF A SYRO-PHOENICIAN WOMAN

Mark 7:24-30 |Matt. 15:21-28
|
24 And from thence he arose, and|21 And Jesus went out thence, and
went away into the borders of | withdrew into the parts of Tyre
Tyre [3]and Sidon. And he | and Sidon.[a]
entered into a house, and would|22 And behold, a
have no man know it: and he | Canaanitish woman came out from
25 could not be hid. But | those borders, and cried,
straightway a woman, whose | saying, Have mercy on me, O
little daughter had an unclean | Lord, thou son of David; my
spirit, having heard of him, | daughter is grievously vexed
came and fell down at his feet.|23 with a [1]devil. But he
26 Now the woman was a [4]Greek, a| answered her not a word. And
Syrophoenician by race. And she| his disciples came and besought
besought him that he would cast| him, saying, Send her away; for
forth the [1]devil out of her |24 she crieth after us. But he
daughter. | answered and said, I was not
| sent but unto the lost sheep of
|25 the house of Israel. But she
| came and worshipped him,
27 And he said unto her, |26 saying, Lord, help me. And he
Let the children first be | answered and said, It is not
filled: for it is not meet to | meet to take the children's
take the children's [2]bread | [2]bread and cast it to the
28 and cast it to the dogs. But |
she answered and saith unto |
him, Yea, Lord: even the dogs |27 dogs. But she said, Yea, Lord:
under the table eat of the | for even the dogs eat of the
29 children's crumbs. And he said | crumbs which fall from their
unto her, For this saying go |28 masters' table. Then Jesus
thy way; the [1]devil is gone | answered and said unto her, O
30 out of thy daughter. And she | woman, great is thy faith: be
went away unto her house, and | it done unto thee even as thou
found the child laid upon the | wilt. And her daughter was
bed, and the [1]devil gone out.| healed from that hour.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _demon_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _loaf_.]

[Footnote 3: Some ancient authorities omit _and Sidon_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _Gentile_.]

[Footnote a: It used to be questioned whether he actually left the land of Israel. Matthew's expression ought to have settled the question, and the corrected text of Mark 7:31 leaves no doubt.]

Sect. 79. THE THIRD WITHDRAWAL NORTH THROUGH PHOENICIA AND EAST TOWARDS HERMON AND SOUTH INTO DECAPOLIS (KEEPING OUT OF THE TERRITORY OF HEROD ANTIPAS) WITH THE HEALING OF THE DEAF AND DUMB MAN AND THE FEEDING OF THE FOUR THOUSAND

Mark 7:31-8:9 |Matt. 15:29-38
|
31 And again he went out from |29 And Jesus departed thence, and
the borders of Tyre, and came | came nigh unto the sea of
through Sidon unto the sea of | Galilee; and he went up into
Galilee, through the midst of | the mountain, and sat there.
the borders of Decapolis.[a] |
32 And they bring unto him one |
that was deaf, and had an |
impediment in his speech; and |
they beseech him to lay his |
33 hand upon him. And he took him |
aside from the multitude |
privately, and put his fingers |
into his ears, and he spat, and|
34 touched his tongue; and looking|
up to heaven, he sighed, and |
saith unto him, Ephphatha, that|
35 is, Be opened. And his ears |
were opened, and the bond of |
his tongue was loosed, and he |
36 spake plain. And he charged |30 And there came unto him great
them that they should tell no | multitudes, having with them
man: but the more he charged | the lame, blind, dumb, maimed,
them, so much the more a great | and many others, and they cast
37 deal they published it. And | them down at his feet; and he
they were beyond measure |31 healed them: insomuch that the
astonished, saying, He hath | multitude wondered, when they
done all things well: he maketh| saw the dumb speaking, the
even the deaf to hear, and the | maimed whole, and the lame
dumb to speak. | walking, and the blind seeing:
1 In those days, when there was| and they glorified the God of
again[b] a great multitude, and| Israel.
they had nothing to eat, he |
called unto him his disciples, |32 And Jesus called unto him his
2 and saith unto them, I have | disciples, and said, I have
compassion on the multitude, | compassion on the multitude,
because they continue with me | because they continue with me
now three days, and have | now three days and have nothing
3 nothing to eat: and if I send | to eat: and I would not send
them away fasting to their | them away fasting, lest haply
home, they will faint in the | they faint in the way.
way; and some of them are come |33 And the
4 from far. And his disciples | disciples say unto him, Whence
answered him, Whence shall one | should we have so many loaves
be able to fill these men with | in a desert place, as to fill
[1]bread here in a desert |34 so great a multitude? And Jesus
5 place? And he asked them, How | saith unto them, How many
many loaves have ye? And they | loaves have ye? And they said,
6 said, Seven. And he commandeth | Seven, and a few small fishes.
the multitude to sit down on |35 And he commanded the multitude
the ground: and he took the |36 to sit down on the ground; and
seven loaves, and having given | he took the seven loaves and
thanks, he brake, and gave to | the fishes; and he gave thanks
his disciples, to set before | and brake, and gave to the
them; and they set them before | disciples, and the disciples to
7 the multitude. And they had a | multitudes.
few small fishes: and having |
blessed them, he commanded to |
8 set these also before them. And|37 And they did all
they did eat, and were filled: | eat, and were filled: and they
and they took up, of broken | took up that which remained
pieces that remained over, | over of the broken pieces, seven
9 seven baskets. And they were |38 baskets full. And they that did
about four thousand: and he | eat were four thousand men,
sent them away. | beside women and children.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _loaves_.]

[Footnote a: Observe how carefully he keeps away from the territory ruled by Herod Antipas. The tetrarch Philip, who governed the districts east of the Lake of Galilee and of the upper Jordan, was a better man than Antipas, and moreover had no cause to feel uneasy about Jesus.]

[Footnote b: It is to be noted that Mark and Matthew give the feeding of the five thousand and of the four thousand. Mark and Matthew likewise report Jesus as referring to both incidents (Mark 8:19-20 = Matt. 16:9-10). Hence, it is hard to think of a mere confusion in the use of the data. There is no real reason why both incidents could not be true.]

Sect. 80. THE BRIEF VISIT TO MAGADAN (DALMANUTHA) IN GALILEE AND THE SHARP ATTACK BY THE PHARISEES AND THE SADDUCEES (NOTE THEIR APPEARANCE NOW AGAINST JESUS)

Mark 8:10-12 |Matt. 15:39-16:4
|
10 And straightway he entered into|39 And he sent away the
the boat with his disciples, | multitudes, and entered into
and came into the parts of | the boat, and came into the
Dalmanutha. | borders of Magadan.[a]
11 And the Pharisees came forth,| 1 And the Pharisees and
began to question with him, | Sadducees came, and tempting
seeking of him a sign from | him[b] asked him to shew them a
heaven, tempting him. | 2 sign from heaven. But he
| answered and said unto them,
| [1]When it is evening, ye say,
| _It will be_ fair weather: for
| 3 the heaven is red. And in the
| morning, _It will be_ foul
| weather to-day: for the heaven
| is red and lowring. Ye know how
12 And he | to discern the face of the
sighed deeply in his spirit, | heaven; but ye cannot _discern_
and saith, Why doth this | 4 the signs of the times. An evil
generation seek a sign? verily | and adulterous generation
I say unto you, There shall no | seeketh after a sign; and there
sign be given unto this | shall no sign be given unto it,
generation. | but the sign of Jonah [_see
| Jonah 3:4_]. And he left them,
| and departed.

[Footnote 1: The following words, to the end of ver. 3, are
omitted by some of the most ancient and other important
authorities.]

[Footnote a: The situation of Magadan was unknown to some early students or copyists, as it is to us, and so they changed it to the familiar Magdala, found in our common texts.]

[Footnote b: The moment he returns to Galilee the Jewish leaders begin to attack him.]

Sect. 81. THE FOURTH RETIREMENT TO BETHSAIDA JULIAS IN THE TETRARCHY OF HEROD PHILIP WITH SHARP REBUKE OF THE DULNESS OF THE DISCIPLES ON THE WAY ACROSS AND THE HEALING OF A BLIND MAN IN BETHSAIDA

Mark 8:13-26 |Matt. 16:5-12
|
13 And |
he left them, and again |
entering into _the boat_ |
departed to the other side. |
14 And they forgot to take | 5 And the disciples came to the
bread; and they had not in the | other side and forgot to take
boat with them more than one | 6 [1]bread. And Jesus said unto
15 loaf. And he charged them, | them, Take heed and beware of
saying, Take heed, beware of | the leaven of the Pharisees and
the leaven of the Pharisees and| 7 Sadducees. And they reasoned
16 the leaven of Herod. And they | among themselves, saying, [2]We
reasoned one with another, | 8 took no [1]bread. And Jesus
17 [4]saying. [5]We have no bread.| perceiving it said, O ye of
And Jesus perceiving it saith | little faith, why reason ye
unto them, Why reason ye, | among yourselves, because ye
because ye have no bread? do ye| 9 have no [1]bread? Do ye not yet
not yet perceive, neither | perceive, neither remember the
understand? have ye your heart | five loaves of the five
18 hardened? Having eyes, see ye | thousand, and how many
not? and having ears, hear ye |10 [3]baskets ye took up? Neither
not? and do ye not remember | the seven loaves of the four
19 [_see Jer. 5:21; Ezek. 12:2_]? | thousand, and how many
When I brake the five loaves |11 [3]baskets ye took up? How is
among the five thousand, how | it that ye do not perceive that
many [6]baskets full of broken | I spake not to you concerning
pieces took ye up? They say | [1]bread? But beware of the
20 unto him, Twelve. And when the | leaven of the Pharisees and
seven among the four thousand, |12 Sadducees. Then understood they
how many [6]basketfuls of | how that he bade them not
broken pieces took ye up? And | beware of the leaven of
21 they say unto him, Seven. And | [1]bread, but of the teaching
he said unto them, Do ye not | of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
yet understand?
22 And they come unto Bethsaida.[a] And they bring to him a blind
23 man, and beseech him to touch him. And he took hold of the blind
man by the hand, and brought him out of the village; and when he
had spit on his eyes, and laid his hands upon him, he asked him,
24 Seest thou aught? And he looked up, and said, I see men; for I
25 behold _them_ as trees, walking. Then again he laid his hands upon
his eyes; and he looked stedfastly, and was restored, and saw all
26 things clearly. And he sent him away to his home, saying, Do not
even enter into the village.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _loaves_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, It is _because we took no bread_.]

[Footnote 3: _Basket_ in ver. 9 and 10 represents different Greek
words.]

[Footnote 4: Some ancient authorities read _because they had no
bread_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, It is _because we have no bread_.]

[Footnote 6: _Basket_ in ver. 19 and 20 represents different Greek
words.]

[Footnote a: Jesus goes on to the region of Caesarea Philippi on Mount Hermon, where no hostility had been aroused, and he could quietly instruct the Twelve. He probably remained in that vicinity several months, as this whole period of retirement lasted six months. He was near Bethsaida Julias in the First Retirement and now he stops here again on his way to Caesarea Philippi. Each of the four retirements is into heathen territory (Ituraea twice, Phoenicia, Decapolis), where Greek influence prevails, and where the Greek language is dominant.]

Sect. 82. NEAR CAESAREA PHILIPPI JESUS TESTS THE FAITH OF THE TWELVE IN HIS MESSIAHSHIP

Mark 8:27-30 |Matt. 16:13-20 |Luke 9:18-21
| |
27 And Jesus went |13 Now when Jesus |18 And it came to
forth, and his | came into the parts | pass, as he was
disciples, into the | of Caesarea | praying alone, the
villages of Caesarea| Philippi, he asked | disciples were
Philippi: and in the| his disciples, | with him: and he
way he asked his | saying, Who do men | asked them,
disciples, saying | say [1]that the Son | saying, Who do the
unto them, Who do |14 of man is? And they | multitudes say
men say that I am? | said, Some _say_ |19 that I am? And
28 And they told him, | John the Baptist; | they answering
saying, John the | some, Elijah: and | said, John the
Baptist: and others,| others, Jeremiah, or| Baptist; but
Elijah: but others, | one of the prophets.| others _say_,
One of the prophets.|15 He saith unto them, | Elijah; and
29 And he asked them, | But who say ye that | others, that one
But who say ye that |16 I am? And Simon | of the old
I am? Peter | Peter answered and | prophets is risen
answereth and saith | said, Thou art the |20 again. And he said
unto him, Thou art | Christ,[a] the Son | unto them, But who
the Christ. | of the living God. | say ye that I am?
|17 And Jesus answered | And Peter
| and said unto him, | answering said,
| Blessed art thou, | The Christ of God.
| Simon Bar-Jonah: for|
| flesh and blood hath|
| not revealed it unto|
| thee, but my Father |
| which is in heaven. |
|18 And I also say unto |
| thee, that thou art |
| [2]Peter, and upon |
| this [3]rock I will |
| build[b] my church |
| [_see Ps. 89:4, 26, |
| 38, 48_]; and the |
| gates of Hades shall|
| not prevail against |
|19 it. I will give unto|
| thee the keys of the|
| kingdom of heaven: |
| and whatsoever thou |
| shalt bind on earth |
| shall be bound in |
| heaven: and |
| whatsoever thou |
| shalt loose on earth|
| shall be loosed in |
|20 heaven. Then charged|21 But he charged
30 And he | he the disciples | them, and
charged them that | that they should | commanded _them_
they should tell no | tell no man that he | to tell this to no
man of him. | was the Christ. | man;

[Footnote 1: Many ancient authorities read _that I the Son of man
am_. See Mark 8:27; Luke 9:18.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _Petros_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _petra_.]

[Footnote a: Some understand ver. 16f. as showing that they had never before believed him to be the Messiah, and so hold that the other Gospels here utterly conflict with John, who represents the first disciples (Sects. 28, 35) as believing Jesus to be the Messiah. But it is easy to suppose that their early faith in his Messiahship was shaken by his continued failure to gather armies and set up the expected temporal kingdom, and while still believing him to have a divine mission they had questioned whether he was the Messiah, as John the Baptist did in prison (Sect. 57). Observe that in Matthew and Luke he long before this time distinctively _implied_ that he was the Messiah, in response to the Forerunner's inquiries (Sect. 57). Besides, at the Baptism and the Temptation, the Synoptic Gospels represent Jesus as the Son of God.]

[Footnote b: It is interesting to note that the imagery employed by Jesus here all appears in Ps. 89, a Messianic Psalm built on 2 Sam. 7. Thus note "build" in Ps. 89:4, "rock" in 89:26, "anointed" in 89:38, "the power of Sheol" in 89:48, and the Psalm discusses the perpetuity of the Davidic throne (Kingdom). Jesus applies this imagery to the spiritual Kingdom that He is building.]

Sect. 83. JESUS DISTINCTLY FORETELLS THAT HE, THE MESSIAH, WILL BE REJECTED AND KILLED, AND WILL RISE THE THIRD DAY

Mark 8:31-37 |Matt. 16:21-26 |Luke 9:22-25
| |
|21 From that time |
31 And he began to | began [1]Jesus to |
teach them, that the| shew unto his |
Son of man must | disciples, how that |22 saying, The Son of
suffer many things, | he must go unto | man must suffer
and be rejected by | Jerusalem, and | many things, and
the elders, and the | suffer many things | be rejected of the
chief priests, and | of the elders and | elders and chief
the scribes, and be | chief priests and | priests and
killed, and after | scribes, and be | scribes, and be
three days rise | killed, and the | killed, and the
32 again. And he spake | third day be raised | third day be
the saying openly. | up. | raised up.
And Peter took him, |22 And Peter took |
and began to rebuke | him, and began to |
33 him. But he turning | rebuke him, saying, |
about, and seeing | [2]Be it far from |
his disciples, | thee, Lord: this |
rebuked Peter, and | shall never be unto |
saith, Get thee |23 thee. But he turned,|
behind me, Satan: | and said unto Peter,|
for thou mindest not| Get thee behind me, |
the things of God, | Satan: thou art a |
but the things of | stumbling-block unto|
34 men. And he called | me: for thou mindest|
unto him the | not the things of |
multitude with his | God, but the things |
disciples, and said |24 of men. Then said |23 And he
| Jesus unto his | said unto all, If
unto them, If any | disciples, If any | any man would come
man would come after| man would come after| after me, let him
me, let him deny | me, let him deny | deny himself, and
himself, and take up| himself, and take up| take up his cross
his cross, and | his cross, and | daily, and follow
35 follow me. For |25 follow me. For |24 me. For whosoever
whosoever would save| whosoever would save| would save his
his [3]life shall | his [3]life shall | [3]life shall lose
lose it; and | lose it: and | it; but whosoever
whosoever shall lose| whosoever shall lose| shall lose his
his [3]life for my | his [3]life for my | [3]life for my
sake and the | sake shall find it. | sake, the same
gospel's shall save | |25 shall save it. For
36 it. For what doth it|26 For what shall a man| what is a man
profit a man, to | be profited, if he | profited, if he
gain the whole | shall gain the whole| gain the whole
world, and forfeit | world, and forfeit | world, and lose or
37 his [3]life? For | his [3]life? or what| forfeit his own
what should a man | shall a man give in | self?
give in exchange for| exchange for his |
his [3]life? | [3]life? |

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities read _Jesus Christ_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, God _have mercy on thee_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _soul_.]

Sect. 84. THE COMING OF THE SON OF MAN IN THAT GENERATION

Mark 8:38-9:1 |Matt. 16:27-28 |Luke 9:26-27
| |
38 For whosoever | |26 For whosoever
shall be ashamed of | | shall be ashamed
me and of my words | | of me and of my
in this adulterous |27 For the Son of man | words, of him
and sinful | shall come in the | shall the Son of
generation, the Son | glory of his Father | man be ashamed,
of man also shall be| with his angels; | when he cometh in
ashamed of him, when| and then shall | his own glory, and
he cometh in the | he render unto every| _the glory_ of the
glory of his Father | man according to | Father, and of the
with the holy | his [1]deeds [_see | holy angels.
1 angels. And he said | Ps. 62:12; Prov. |27 But I
unto them, Verily I |28 24:12_]. Verily I | tell you of a
say unto you, There | say unto you, There | truth, There be
be some here of them| be some of them that| some of them that
that stand _by_, | stand here, which | stand here, which
which shall in no | shall in no wise | shall in no wise
wise taste of death,| taste of death, till| taste of death,
till they see the | they see the Son of | till they see the
kingdom of God come | man coming in his | kingdom of God.
with power. | kingdom. |

[Footnote 1: Gr. _doing_.]

Sect. 85. THE TRANSFIGURATION OF JESUS ON A MOUNTAIN (PROBABLY HERMON[a]) NEAR CAEESAREA PHILIPPI