Chapter XLVI: Appendix: B (2)

[344] I am alive to the peril of a civilian who presumes to differ from a distinguished officer on so purely technical a matter as the manœuvres preceding a general action, but it seems to me that Colonel Malleson has missed this point. Coote, so far as I can gather, not only forced Lally to fight but also to forego at least part of the advantages which he had prepared for himself. One would infer from Malleson's narrative that Lally adhered to the position which he had chosen from the first. "His left, thrown forward, resting on a tank and, supported by an entrenchment on the other side of it, formed an obtuse angle with his line and commanded the ground over which the enemy must pass." Orme's account, which is the fullest, is extremely confused; but he says distinctly that Lally was obliged to wheel round his right, which would necessarily imply that the left could no longer be thrown forward, and that the battery at the entrenched tank could no longer rake the whole of his front. And this I take to have been a principal object of Coote's manœuvre. Again, the smaller tank, which in Lally's first position is spoken of as being in his left front, is described in the action as being in his rear (_Orme_), implying that Lally must have changed position half if not three-quarters left. Finally, Lawrence's _Memoirs_, though meagre on this point, speak distinctly of a first and second disposition of the French.

[345] Lally gives his Europeans as only 1350 infantry, and 150 cavalry.

[346] A regiment raised by Colonel Staates Long Morris, 13th October 1759. It held precedence, while it lasted, as the 89th.

[347] Warrant dated 10th March 1759.

[348] Holderness to Ferdinand, _undated_ (before February), 1759.

[349] It is hardly necessary to recall to readers the story of the occupation of Frankfort in Goëthe's _Dichtung und Wahrheit_.

[350] Some British squadrons were present at this action but were not engaged.

[351] Ferdinand to Holderness, 21st June; Holderness to Ferdinand, 30th June, 3rd July 1759.

[352] Ferdinand to Holderness, 6th July 1759.

[353] "_A n'en bouger plus_" are Ferdinand's own words. His exasperation against Anhalt was evidently extreme.

[354] 81 officers, 1311 men.

[355] Mauvillon has a curious and striking passage on the subject.

[356] These regiments with their dates of formation are as follows: 85th, Crawfurd's Volunteers, 21st July 1759; 86th, Worge's (for Goree), 24th August 1759; 87th, Keith's Highlanders, 25th August 1759; 88th, Campbell's Highland Volunteers, 1st January 1760; 89th, Morris's Highlanders, 13th October 1759; 90th, Morgan's (Irish), 7th December 1759; 91st, Blayney's (Irish), 12th January 1760; 92nd, Gore's (Irish), 17th January 1760; 93rd, Bagshawe's (Irish), 17th January 1760; 94th, Vaughan's (Welsh), 12th January 1760; Campbell's Argyleshire Fencibles, 21st July 1759; Sutherland's Highlanders, 11th August 1757. These numbers, of course, disappeared at the close of the war, when the regiments were disbanded. The two last named were never numbered.

[357] They were Drogheda's (19th Light Dragoons), November 1759; Caldwell's (20th Light Dragoons), 12th January 1760; Granby's (21st Royal Foresters), 5th April 1760.

[358] Holderness to Ferdinand, 22nd January, 15th February, 2nd, 9th May, 6th June 1760. The regiments despatched were the 2nd, 6th and 7th Dragoon Guards; 1st, 7th, 11th Dragoons, and 15th Light Dragoons; the 5th, 8th, 11th, 24th, 33rd, 50th Foot. The 15th and 7th were not sent until June.

[359] Ferdinand to Holderness, 17th June 1760.

[360] The First Dragoon Guards went into this charge with ninety men and returned with twenty-four.

[361] Westphalen IV. 313, 353. The numbers are from official sources.

[362] Mauvillon. Granby to Holderness, 19th July 1760.

[363] Daulhatt's is set down as British in the official lists; but other evidence leads me to think that it included Hanoverian grenadiers also.

[364] These two regiments then ranked as the 87th and 88th.

[365] Tempelhof.

[366] Ferdinand to Holderness, 8th, 14th, 16th, 27th September 1760.

[367] The 11th, 20th, 23rd, 25th, 33rd, 51st Foot; two battalions of grenadiers, two more of Highlanders; the 1st, 6th, and 10th Dragoons.

[368] _À moi, Auvergne, voilà les ennemis._

[369] Bourcet.

[370] Mauvillon. Yet I find the British Guards with him on the Lippe in 1761.

[371] Hereditary Prince to Holderness, 19th October 1760.

[372] The new regiments were:-- Burton's (95th), 10th December 1760; Monson's (96th), 20th January 1761; James Stuart's (97th), 24th January 1761; Grey's (98th), 27th January 1761; Byng's (99th), 16th March 1761; Colin Campbell's (100th), 4th May 1761.

[373] _Miscellaneous Orders_, 3rd October, 14th November 1760.

[374] _Ibid._, 24th January 1761.

[375] The troops were the whole, or detachments, of the 9th, 19th, 30th, 34th, 36th, 67th, 69th, Morgan's (then the 94th), Stuart's (then the 97th), Grey's (then the 98th); two troops of the 16th Light Dragoons, and three companies of Royal Artillery. Detachments of the 3rd, 36th, Crawford's (then 85th) and Boscawen's (then 75th) also arrived in May and June.

[376] Keppel to Admiralty, 18th April 1761.

[377] For example, eight British battalions were by March reduced to a joint total of 700 effective men. Ferdinand to Frederick, 23rd March 1761, Westphalen, v. 220.

[378] Johnston's (101st), Wedderburn's (102nd).

[379] Oswald's (103rd), 10th August 1761; Tonyn's (104th), 10th August 1761; Graeme's (105th), 15th October 1761; Barré's (106th), 17th October 1761; Beauclerk's (107th), 16th October 1761; Macdougall's (108th), 17th October 1761; Nairn's (109th), 13th October 1761; Deakin's (110th), 14th October 1761; Markham's (112th), 16th October 1761; Hamilton's (113th), 17th October 1761; M'Lean's (114th), 18th October 1761; Crawford's (115th), 19th October 1761. The lists in the Army List and in the _Miscellaneous Orders_ do not quite correspond. According to the former the 108th was John Scott's, and the 111th Warkworth's, both bearing date April 1762. But there was a corps formed under Macdougall as above, and another under Colonel Ogle in October 1761, which I take to be the 108th and 111th respectively.

[380] Pitt to Amherst, 7th June 1761.

[381] The force consisted of 300 of the garrison of Guadeloupe, 400 Highlanders, the 22nd, and Vaughan's Foot (then the 94th).

[382] Governor Dalrymple (Guadeloupe) to Sir J. Douglas, 10th October; to Pitt, 16th November 1761.

[383] Dalrymple to Egremont, 6th December 1761.

[384] The 69th, Rufane's, Morgan's, and Grey's Foot.

[385] 15th, 17th, 27th, 28th, 35th, 40th, 42nd (two battalions), 43rd, 46th, 3/60th.

[386] Now Fort de France.

[387] Letter from H. Gordon to Colonel Bouquet. Add. M.S., 21648.

[388] The regiments employed in Martinique, complete or in detachments, were the 4th, 15th, 17th, 22nd, 27th, 28th, 35th, 38th, 40th, 42nd, 43rd, 48th, 3/60th, 65th, 69th, Rufane's (two battalions), Montgomery's Highlanders, Vaughan's, Gray's, Stuart's, Campbell's, two companies of American Rangers, ten companies of Barbados Volunteers.

[389] Egremont to Amherst, 13th January 1762.

[390] 22nd, 34th, 56th, Richmond's Foot (then 72nd).

[391] Albemarle to Egremont, 27th May 1762.

[392] Albemarle to Egremont, 21st August 1762.

[393] _Ibid._, 7th October.

[394] 3rd, 67th, Boscawen's, Crawford's.

[395] Armstrong's, Blayney's.

[396] On one occasion a sergeant and six men of this regiment killed or captured every man of a party of five-and-twenty Spanish horse under an officer.

[397] Mauvillon.

[398] The Fifth, having captured a large body of French grenadiers, received the privilege of wearing French grenadiers' caps, which were modified later into the fusilier-caps, which they still wear. They also bear the name of Wilhelmsthal on their colours.

[399] No British troops were engaged in this combat.

[400] Three battalions of British Guards, three battalions of British grenadiers, two of Highlanders, the Blues, and 1st Dragoon Guards.

[401] _E.g._ Westphalen, vi. 885, 886. He gives other instances also.

[402] _Parl. History_, Feb. 1741.

[403] _Commons Journals_, 17th Feb. 1743.

[404] E.g. _Miscellaneous Orders_, 21st March 1742.

[405] _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 16th Aug., l0th Sept. 1742.

[406] The pease after five hours of boiling were still hard, and the pieces of beef that should have weighed four pounds and served as a ration for six men weighed but eighteen ounces. _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 7th Oct. 1741.

[407] Stair to Carteret, Oct. 1/12 1742.

[408] _Warrant Books_, 30th July 1741. More muskets were purchased abroad in 1750. _Ibid._ 26th Sept. 1750.

[409] _Antea_, p. 138.

[410] _Warrant Books_, vol. lvii. Jan.-April 1743. This system of local effort has a certain interest for the present, since Newcastle was one of the ports that applied for guns. _Ibid._ vol. lviii. p. 66. In the island of Jersey there were "parish-guns" kept in the parish churches, twenty-two of them in all, field-pieces. _Ibid._ vol. lxiii. p. 91. For the fortification of the dockyards, see _Warrant Books_, 12th April 1756.

[411] _Warrant Books_, 9th Oct. 1746.

[412] _Warrant Books_, 14th May 1757.

[413] _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 20th May 1745.

[414] _Warrant Books_, vol. lvii. _passim_.

[415] Orders issued at Vilvorde, Oct. 10/21, 1745. _Miscellaneous Orders_, under date.

[416] _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 4th Oct. 1754.

[417] Cumberland to Harrington, July 9/20, 1745.

[418] _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 10th August 1749.

[419] I have failed to discover this book. The words quoted are taken from a review of the work in the _London Chronicle_, 17th July 1760.

[420] _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 8th and 10th Jan. 1761.

[421] _Parl. History_, Feb. 1750.

[422] An Order in Council of 11th July 1759 directs that men shall be enlisted for three years and for service within the kingdom only, so it is possible that the Government fell back simply on the latent power of the Crown.

[423] _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 7th Jan. 1762.

[424] _Lloyd's Evening Post_, 26th Feb. 1762.

[425] _London Morning Advertiser_, 18th April 1744.

[426] _Morning Advertiser_, 25th June 1750. The woman served in all for seven years. Her portrait was engraved, and a copy hangs at this day in the hall of Chelsea Hospital.

[427] _Parl. History_, 12th April 1771.

[428] _Miscellaneous Orders_, 7th August 1759.

[429] _Gazette_, 18th August 1759.

[430] Conway complained much of the drafts from the independent companies sent to Germany, the men being weakly, young, and undersized (_Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 2nd June 1761; and see _Correspondence of George III. with Lord North_, vol. i. p. 265). The King ascribes the system to Charles Townsend, but it was begun before he became Secretary-at-War.

[431] Stair to Carteret, Nov. 3/14, Dec. 4/15 1742, Jan. 7/18 1743; Carteret to Stair, Nov. 12/23 1742; Fawkenar to Newcastle, July 9/20 1745; _Miscellaneous Orders_, 28th June 1744; _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 5th Sept. 1745.

[432] Thus other Light Dragoons besides the Fifteenth really partook in the glory of Emsdorff; one of the officers killed being, though formerly of the Fifteenth, an officer of the Seventeenth, who probably took a draft of his new regiment with him.

[433] _Read's Weekly Journal_, 9th March 1754; _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 18th Jan. 1748, 29th Jan. 1757.

[434] _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 26th March 1743, 12th June, 20th August, 2nd Sept. 1755.

[435] See Governor Crump's pathetic appeal to Lord Barrington, 1759. _W. O., Orig. Corres., Guadeloupe_ (Record Office).

[436] Circular to Governors of colonies, 13th March 1756.

[437] _Bouquet Papers, Add. M S._, 21631. _Bouquet's letters_, 25th, 26th August, 10th, 29th September 1757.

[438] Governor Shirley to Secretary Fox, 8th March 1756; Loudoun to Pitt, 25th April 1757; Bouquet to Loudoun, 25th August 1757; Amherst to Barrington, 10th August 1759.

[439] Gage to Ellis, 9th Dec. 1763.

[440] _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 10th Jan. 1761.

[441] The allowance was three men in every company of seventy, and four men in every company of one hundred. _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 15th May 1758.

[442] Regulations for stoppages of dragoons and foot, _Miscellaneous Orders_, 28th June 1720, for answering the expenses formerly borne by the regiments.

DRAGOONS

_IN QUARTERS_

Sergeant--Full pay per week £0 15 9
_Deductions_--Landlord for diet £0 3 6
Do. hay and straw 0 3 6
Corn 0 1 5½
Farrier 0 0 3½
---------
0 8 9
--------
Remains to be paid weekly £0 7 0
========

Corporal and drummer--Full pay per week £0 12 3
_Deductions as above_ 0 8 9
--------
Remains to be paid weekly £0 3 6
========
Dragoon--Full pay per week £0 9 11
_Deductions as above_ 0 8 9
--------
Remains to be paid weekly £0 1 2
========

_AT GRASS_

Sergeant--Full pay per week £0 15 9
_Deductions_--Landlord for diet £0 3 6
Do. grass 0 2 4
Farrier 0 0 3½
Riding master 0 0 7
Grass money 0 1 10½
-------- 0 8 7
--------
Remains to be paid weekly £0 7 2
========
Corporal and drummer--Full pay per week £0 12 3
_Deductions as above_ 0 8 7
--------
Remains to be paid weekly £0 3 8
========
Dragoon--Full pay per week £0 9 11
_Deductions_ (slightly reduced for same items) 0 6 8½
---------
Remains to be paid weekly £0 3 2½
Of which there being paid to him 0 1 4
---------
There remains over £0 1 10½
=========

This 1s. 10½d. was commonly called grass money, out of which the non-commissioned officer or man might find all such necessaries as were not supplied according to regulations by the colonel, pay 2s. a year to the surgeon, and make good losses of exchange in the remittance of pay.

FOOT

Sergeant--Full pay per week £0 7 0
Paid weekly 0 6 0
--------
There remains £0 1 0
========
Corporal--Full pay per week £0 4 6
Paid weekly 0 4 0
--------
There remains £0 0 6
========
Private--Full pay per week £0 3 6
Paid weekly 0 3 0
--------
There remains £0 0 6
========

From which remainders of pay the captain may deduct for shoes, stockings, gaiters, medicines, shaving, mending of arms, and losses by exchange; but nothing else except such things as may be lost or spoiled by the soldier's negligence.

These orders were confirmed again 27th April 1732.

[443] _Craftsman_, 12th April 1740. Conversation between Thomas Lobster, soldier, and John Tar, mariner.

[444] _Commons Journal_, 16th April 1740.

[445] _Miscellaneous Orders_, 2nd July 1753, _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 17th July 1753, are the first instances in the official records.

[446] The Third Guards apparently were the first. _Morning Advertiser_, 29th March 1749.

[447] Hinde's _Discipline of the Light Horse_, 1760.

[448] _Obverse_--a forest with a road cut through it. _Reverse_--the confluence of the Ohio and Monongahela; Fort Duquêsne in flames; Forbes in his litter and the army in columns. _Motto_--Ohio Brittanica; consilio manuque. _Bouquet Papers, Add. MS._, 21644.

[449] _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 19th, 23rd December 1746. 7th January 1747.

[450] "Dragoons are now the mode, so I doubt not that Ireland will follow Great Britain and petition for the demolition of jackboots." Ligonier to Chesterfield, Dec. 12/23 1740.

[451] Ligonier to Chesterfield, Dec. 12/23 1746. _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 5th July 1758, 18th February 1760.

[452] Ligonier to Carteret, Oct. 31/Nov. 11, Nov. 11/22 1743.

[453] Cumberland to Chesterfield, Sept. 16/27 1748. _Miscellaneous Orders_, 3rd February 1749.

[454] _Read's Weekly Journal_, 26th June 1756.

[455] _H.O.M.E.B._, 13th April, 18th November 1741.

[456] _Ibid._, 30th July 1744; _Warrant Books_, 26th October 1759.

[457] Two guns was the allowance for a battalion, and the detachment to serve them consisted of an officer, two non-commissioned officers, and twelve men. _Warrant Books_, 30th June 1758.

[458] _H.O.M.E.B._, 20th June 1757.

[459] _Ibid._, 4th May 1742, 16th November 1759. The three-pounders were mounted on two-wheeled "galloping carriages," drawn by three horses; the six-pounders required four if not five horses. _Ibid._, 12th August 1742.

[460] _Warrant Books_, 16th January 1741, 16th December 1756, 3rd March 1759.

[461] Two hundred and eight of all ranks.

[462] _Warrant Books_, 1st May 1756.

[463] Mauvillon.

[464] Bland's _Military Discipline_.

[465] _Gentleman's Magazine_, 24th April 1756.

[466] _Secretary's Common Letter Book_, 14th February 1760.

[467] Carlyle.

[468] Stair to Carteret, Jan. 7/18 1743; Carteret to Stair, March 20/31 1743.

[469] Stair to Carteret, May 18/29 1742.

[470] _Daily Post_, 13th August 1737.

[471] Return of the weight carried by a grenadier on the march:--

lb. oz.
Coat 5 2
Firelock with sling, etc. 11 0
Knapsack with contents, viz.: 2 shirts, 2
stocks, 2 pair stockings, 1 pair summer
breeches, 1 pair shoes, brushes, and
blackball 7 10
-------
23 12
Other items, and 6 days' provisions. 39 7
-------
Total 63 3
=======

Drawn up by Lieut. Baillie, 1st Batt. 60th Foot, _28th Aug. 1762_.

[472] Mauvillon.

[473] Archenholtz.

[474] Grose.

[475] Grose, from Rymer.

[476] Grose, from Harl. MS. 6844.

[477] Grose.

[478] Grose.

[479] Grose, from Rushworth.

[480] From Barriffe's _Military Discipline_.

[481] From _Cal. S. P., Dom._, May 1657.

[482] _Commons Journals._

[483] _Commons Journals._

[484] _Commons Journals._

[485] _Commons Journals._

[486] Rushworth himself thinks there is some error in this list.

[487] _Commons Journals._

[488] _Cal. S. P., Dom._

[489] Newspaper (reference lost).

INDEX

Abercromby, General James, ii. 296, 314;
incapacity of, 322, 327;
defeat at Ticonderoga, 322, 359

Abraham, Heights of, ii. 376

Acadia, ii. 241

Act of Union, amalgamation of English and Scotch military
establishments by, i. 580

Ælian, Tactics of, i. 106, 152

Æneas Poliorceticus, military maxims of, i. 106

Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of, ii. 164, 191, 260, 561

Albany, Duke of, i. 118

Albemarle, George Monk, Duke of. _See_ Monk

Albemarle, Arnold van Keppel, Earl of, i. 390

Albemarle, Earl of, commands expedition against Havana, ii. 541

Alberoni, Cardinal, ii. 8

Albert, Archduke of Austria, i. 160

Alcantara, taken by allies (1706), i. 482

Alexander the Great, i. 106

Alexander of Parma, i. 144, 150

Alexius Commenus, English nobles serve under, i. 8

Alfaraz, Pass of, i. 531

Alfred, King, fyrd under, i. 5

Allaverdy Khan (1733), ii. 409

Alva, Duke of, i. 101, 141

Amherst, Jeffery, Lord, ii. 113, 314, 318;
captures Louisburg, 321, 359, 364, 370;
advance to Crown Point, 371, 383, 395;
French capitulate to, 400;
estimate of his work in Canada, 402-405, 537, 544

Andros, Colonel Sir Edmund, ii. 251

Angus, Lord, i. 364

Anhalt, Prince of, ii. 487

Annapolis, our troops in, ii. 44, 255

Anne, Queen, i. 402;
strength and composition of army under, 555;
hardships of officers under, 573;
death, ii. 4;
colonial policy under, 254

Anson, Lord, ii. 340

Anwarudeen (Nabob of Carnatic, 1744), ii. 79, 181;
his treaty with the French, 185

Archers, i. 10;
established by statute, 16, 17;
at Bannockburn, 18, 28;
the artillery of the old army, 29;
pay of, 30;
at Poitiers, 40, 43;
Genoese cross-bowmen, 35;
French archers, 50;
at Roveray, 67;
at Towton, 74;
at Flodden, 116. _See_ Arms, Bow

Arcot, Clive's attack on, ii. 200

Argyll, Duke of, treachery to Marlborough, i. 530, 552; ii. 28, 53

Ariancopang, ii. 185

Arleux, fort of, i. 542

_Arms, Armour, and Accoutrements_:--
Axe, i. 6, 16, 82
Badges, i. 73
Bandoliers, i. 102
Bayonet, i. 11;
added to dragoon's arms, 323;
increased use of, 327;
alterations in, 341, 586; ii. 586
Bill, i. 16;
foot-soldier armed with, 77, 116, 125, 133
Bombards, i. 53
Bow and arrows, i. 11, 16;
bow and bolts, 16;
long-bow encouraged by Edward I., 17, 28;
its superiority, 29;
used by train-bands, 120, 125;
disappearance of long-bow, 129;
superseded by fire-arms, 133
Buckler, carried by cavalry, i. 115
Caliver, i. 101, 128, 133
Cannon, i. 32, 66, 115;
scarcity of big guns, ii. 564;
the different ones used by artillery, 588
Carbine, i. 155, 322, 325;
cavalry armed with, ii. 586
Cartridges, i. 102
Chain-mail, i. 6, 12;
last appearance of mailed troops, 203
Chaplet, i. 12
Colours, flags of landsknechts and Swiss, i. 87;
under Tudors, 111, 118;
flags first called colours, 136;
Scottish colours, 182;
flags captured at Blenheim, 443;
St. Andrew crossed with St. George after Union, 492
Corselets, i. 119, 125;
worn by pikemen, 154;
die out, 327
Cuirass, reintroduced by Marlborough, i. 587;
worn by eighteenth-century cavalry, ii. 585
Culverin, i. 119
Dagger, i. 24, 137
Dart, i. 6
Dragoons' accoutrements, i. 323
Firelocks, i. 325
Fusil, i. 325
Gorget, last survival of armour, i. 327
Gun, early specimens of, i. 30;
improvements in, 53;
hand gun introduced, 77, 100, 112;
foreign and English makers of, 122
Gunstones, i. 120
Habergeon, i. 12;
worn by cavalry, 27
Halberd, i. 77, 82, 119, 128, 153;
peculiar weapon of sergeants, 326
Hand grenades, ii. 70
Harquebus, i. 53, 101, 112, 125, 136
Hatchet, Grenadiers armed with, i. 325
Hauberk, i. 16
Helmet, i. 6, 12, 28;
worn by pikemen, 154;
and cavalry, 215; ii. 586
Howitzer, i. 82
Iron cap, worn by archers, i. 28;
given to cavalry in 1758, ii. 585
Iron gloves, i. 28
Knife, i. 16
Lance, i. 11, 12, 24, 27, 104, 115, 133, 155
Matches for guns, i. 119
Medals, first issued after Dunbar, i. 245; ii. 583
Musket, i. 11, 101, 120;
English grow expert with, 143, 153;
becomes lighter, 179;
dragoons armed with, 216;
improved in Anne's reign, 585
Partisan, i. 214
Petronel, i. 102
Pike, i. 11, 17, 77;
long pike introduced, 83;
Scottish pikes, 116;
morris-pike, 117;
increased use of, under Henry VIII., 119;
under Mary, 125;
under Elizabeth, 128, 133, 153, 155;
improvements in, 179;
carried by captains, 214;
becomes obsolete, 237, but survives as spontoon, 326;
disappearance of, 584.
_See also_ Drill and Exercises
Pistol, i. 82;
cavalry weapon, 104, 133, 155, 215, 586
Powder, i. 137
Ramrod, ii. 51
Shell, i. 122
Shield, i. 6, 12, 24, 82
Sollerets, i. 26
Spear, i. 82
Sword, i. 16, 24;
the weapon of an ensign, 214;
won by cavalry, 215; ii. 586;
the Highlander's broadsword, 130
Tassets, worn by pikemen, i. 154;
die out, 327
Wambais, i. 12

Arrian, military maxims of, i. 106

Arrows. _See_ Arms and Armour, Bow

Artillery, rarely employed in old army, i. 66;
after the Wars of the Roses, 77;
French improvements in, 93;
Henry VIII. encourages, 112, 118, 119;
Gustavus Adolphus's reforms in, 184;
in New Model, 216, 328;
under William III., 388;
under Anne, 555, 587;
under the Georges, ii. 48;
remarkable efficiency of, at Minden, 496;
increases in numbers and reputation, 587.
_See also_ Regiments

Arundel, Earl of, i. 34

Assize of arms, i. 4, 12, 15

Astley, Sir Jacob, i. 195, 225

Athlone, Lord. _See_ Ginkell

Atterbury, Bishop, ii. 13

Audley, Lord, i. 148

Augsburg, occupied by Marlborough, i. 444

Augustus the Strong, King of Poland, i. 503

Aurungzebe (Mogul Emperor, 1672), ii. 168, 172;
granted Chandernagore to French, 173;
death, 174

Axe. _See_ Arms and Armour

Baber (Mogul Emperor, 1526), ii. 167

Baden, Prince Louis of, i. 406, 412, 419, 424, 427;
besieges Ingolstadt, 430, 444, 456, 465, 474;
death, 490

Badges. _See_ Arms and Armour

Bahadur, Shah (Mogul Emperor, 1707), ii. 174

Bannerets, i. 26

Bar, Duke of, i. 69

Barbados, Cromwell's expedition to, i. 261; ii. 40, 347.
_See also_ West Indies

Baroney, General, ii. 158

Barracks, dislike to, in England, ii. 22;
at Hampton Court and Windsor, 36;
in colonies, 41

Barret, a military pamphleteer, i. 139

Barrington, Lord, ii. 288

Barrington, Colonel John, ii. 347;
commands in West Indies, 353, 367

Basalut Jung (1759), ii. 457

Basque Roads, the, ii. 308

Basseterre, Fort of, ii. 350

Battalion, origin of word, i. 182

Batthyany, General, ii. 150

_Battles:_--
Agincourt, i. 54-63
Aire (siege), i. 557
Albuquerque (siege), i. 459
_Algesiras_, i. 32
Alicante (siege), i. 528
_Aljubarotta_, i. 53
Almanza, i. 485-487, 566
Almenara, i. 531
Amöneburg, ii. 556
Arcot (siege), ii. 200
Arinez, i. 45
_Arsouf_, i. 13
Athlone, i. 349
Aughrim, i. 349
Auldearn, i. 223, 229
_Auray_, i. 43
Badajoz (siege), i. 459
Bahoor, ii. 217
Bannockburn, i. 18
Barcelona (siege), i. 459
Barnet, i. 76
Beaujé, i. 62
Beaumont, i. 10
Bergen, ii. 480
Bethune (siege), i. 537
_Bicocca_, i. 99
Blenheim, i. 433
_Bois-le-Duc_ (siege), i. 169
Bosworth, i. 77
Bouchain (siege), i. 548
Bouvines, i. 15
Boyne, the, i. 349
_Breda_ (siege), i. 168
_Breitenfeld_, i. 184-188
Brihuega, i. 532
Brückemühle, ii. 555
Brussels (siege), i. 509
Calais (siege), i. 37, 126
Cassel (siege), ii. 557
_Castagnaro_, i. 52
Caya, the, i. 529
_Cerignola_, i. 97
Chatillon, i. 71
_Chotusitz_, ii. 84
Clifton Moor, ii. 137
_Cocherel_, i. 42, 267
Condore, ii. 443
Cork (siege), i. 350
Covelong (siege), ii. 218
Covrepauk, ii. 204-208
Crecy, i. 4, 22, 33-37
_Creveld_, ii. 341
Cuddalore, ii. 187
Culloden, ii. 144-148
Derry (siege), i. 342
Dettingen, ii. 93-102
Douay (siege), i. 537
Drogheda, i. 238
Dunbar, i. 242; ii. 38
Dunkeld, i. 340
Dunkirk, i. 271
_Durazzo_, i. 8
Edgehill, i. 200
Emsdorff, ii. 504
Falkirk, i. 4, 17
Flodden, i. 115
_Flushing_ (siege), i. 142
Fontenoy, i. 513, ii. 110-121
Fourmigny, i. 71
_Fribourg_, i. 270
_Fulda_, ii. 498
_Gemblours_, i. 143
_Gerberoy_, i. 69
Gibraltar (siege), i. 448
Gohfeld, ii. 494
Golden Rock, ii. 224, 230
_Granson_, i. 83
Grantham, i. 203
Grünberg, ii. 523
Halidon Hill, i. 19
Harfleur (siege), i. 55
_Hastenbeck_, ii. 307
Havana (siege), ii. 542
Havre (siege), i. 132
Herrings, the. _See_ Roveray
_Hochkirch_, ii. 10
_Hochstädt_, i. 415
Huy (siege), i. 370
Isandlwana, ii. 141
Killiecrankie, i. 339
Kinsale (siege), i. 350
Kloster Kampen, ii. 514
_Krotzka_, ii. 50
_Kunersdorf_, ii. 498
La Hogue, i. 368
Landau (siege), i. 444
Landen, i. 371-376
_Langensalza_, ii. 523
Lauffeld, ii. 159-162
_Lens_, i. 270
Leuse, i. 358
_Leuthen_, ii. 313
_Liegnitz_, ii. 518
Lille (siege), i. 504-511
Limoges (siege), i. 47
Louisburg, ii. 258, 321
Lowestoft, i. 294
_Lutter_, i. 174
_Lutternberg_, ii. 552
_Lützen_, i. 189
Madras (siege), ii. 181
Malplaquet, i. 517-527
Manila (siege), ii. 497
Marburg (siege), ii. 497
_Marignano_, ii. 184
Marston Moor, i. 205
Maseyk (siege), i. 405
Menin (siege), i. 474
Minden, ii. 268, 485-497
Minorca, capture of, i. 511;
(siege), ii. 291-295
_Mollwitz_, ii. 80
Monongahela, ii. 274-279
Mons (siege), i. 358
_Morat_, i. 83
Mortimer's Cross, i. 74
Namur (sieges), i. 360; ii. 151
_Nancy_, i. 83
Naseby, i. 224
Navarete, i. 46
Newburn, i. 184, 198
Newbury, i. 208
Newton Butler, i. 342
_Nieuport_, i. 161-165
_Nürnberg_, i. 189
Ostend (siege), i. 160
Oudenarde, i. 497-501
Patay, i. 69
_Pavia_, i. 98, 184
Philipshaugh, i. 228
Pinkie, i. 124
Plassey, ii. 418
Poictiers, i. 38-41
Pondicherry (siege), ii. 189;
(capture), 473
Porto Bello (siege), ii. 58
Preston, i. 234; ii. 7
Prestonpans, ii. 129, 131
Quebec, ii. 364-383
Quesnoy (siege), i. 32
Ramillies, i. 466-473
_Ravenna_, i. 197
_Renty_, i. 103
Rochelle, i. 48
_Rocroi_, i. 190, 200
_Rossbach_, ii. 313
Roucoux, ii. 153
Rouen (siege), i. 131
Roundway Down, i. 203
Roveray, i. 167
Ruremond (siege), i. 405
_Rymenant_, i. 143
Sainte Foy, ii. 392
_St. Jacob-en-Birs_, i. 83
St. Quentin, i. 105, 126
St. Venant (siege), i. 337
_Sandacourt_, i. 69
_Saverne_ (siege), i. 190
Schellenberg, the, i. 423
_Sempach_, i. 50
Sheriffmuir, ii. 7
_Sluys_ (siege), i. 115
_Spires_, i. 415
Spurs, the, i. 115
Stamford Bridge, i. 6
Standard, the, i. 10
Steenkirk, i. 361-367
Stevenswaert (siege), i. 405
Tenchbrai, i. 9
Terouenne (siege), i. 115
Ticonderoga, ii. 328
_Torgau_, ii. 519
Tournay (siege), i. 115, 380, 514
Towton, i. 74
Trarbach (siege), i. 444
Trichinopoly, ii. 209. _See_ Golden Rock
Valenza (siege), i. 459
Vellinghausen, ii. 527-530
Venloo (siege), i. 405
Verneuil, i. 65, 270
Villa Viciosa, i. 534
Walcourt, i. 338
Wandewash, ii. 463-470
Warburg, ii. 510
Weycondah, i. 232
Wilhelmsthal, ii. 549
Winceby, i. 204
Worcester, ii. 247
Wynendale, i. 507, 585
York (siege), i. 205
Ypres (siege), i. 273
_Zenta_, i. 416
Ziegenhain (siege), ii. 513
Zutphen, i. 147-150

Bauer, General, i. 187

Bavaria, Elector of, i. 406, 412, 418, 422, 427, 432, 443, 446, 471,
493;
at siege of Brussels, 509; ii. 80, 86

Bayard, Chevalier, i. 22

Bayonet. _See_ Arms and Armour

Bayreuth, Margrave of, i. 470

Beaujeu, Captain, i. 274

Beckwith, Colonel, ii. 510

Bedford, John, Duke of, i. 64

Bedmar, Marquis of, i. 412

Bellasys, Brigadier, at Landen, i. 375

Belleisle, Marshal, ii. 81, 103

Belleisle, Expedition against, ii. 521

Bennett, Captain Joseph, i. 448

Bermuda, British troops in, i. 560

Berry, Duke of, i. 493

Bertrand du Guesclin, i. 43, 46

Berwick, James, Duke of, i. 304, 344;
at Landen, 373, 446;
commands French in Spain, 482;
his Memoirs, 489;
defeats Allies at Almanza, 485;
at Douay, 504

Best, Captain, ii. 170

Bevere. _See_ Oudenarde (under Battles)

Bills. _See_ Arms and Armour

Birch, Colonel, i. 334

Biron, commands under Vendôme, i. 497

Black Prince, at Crecy, i. 34;
in Guienne, 37;
line of march into Spain, 45;
defeats Henry of Trastamare, 46;
siege of Limoges, 47;
his death, 48;
influence on European warfare, 50-53

Black Hole of Calcutta, ii. 299

Blair Castle, ii. 143

Blake, Admiral Robert, i. 249; ii. 170

Blakeney, General, ii. 68, 139, 292, 295

Blathwayt, William, i. 410

Bligh, General, ii. 342, 345

Bohemia, John, King of, i. 36

Bolingbroke. _See_ St. John

Bolton, Duke of, ii. 20

Bombards. _See_ Arms and Armour

Bombay given to Charles II., i. 292;
made over to East Indian Company, ii. 171

Bonn, capitulates to Allies, i. 412

Borgard, Colonel Albert, i. 560;
first Colonel of Royal Artillery, ii. 49

Boscawen, Admiral, ii. 187, 272, 315

Boswell, _Life of Johnson_ quoted, ii. 23

Bothmar, General, at Blenheim, i. 439

Boufflers, Marshal, i. 369, 401, 411;
out-generalled by Marlborough, 402-405;
defence of Lille, 504, 516, 522, 529

Bougainville, French officer at Quebec, ii. 368, 376, 397

Bouquet, Colonel, ii. 323, 333, 338

Bourlamaque, French commander in Canada, ii. 371, 397

Bouvines, Marlborough's army marches over field of, i. 513

Bow. _See_ Arms and Armour

Brabant, Duke of, i. 61

Braddock, General Edward, ii. 268-273;
his action at Monongahela, 274-278;
his death, 279;
and character, 280

Bradstreet, John, ii. 331, 338

Braine l'Alleud, Marlborough encamps near, i. 456

Brayne, Colonel Richard, i. 252

Brennier, French commander in India, ii. 226

Brereton, Major, ii. 438, 454, 468

Breslau, Treaty of, ii. 85

Brest, Expedition against, i. 377

Brétigny, Peace of, i. 42, 73

Bringfield, Colonel, killed at Ramillies, i. 470

Brissac, Duke of, ii. 487

Broglie, Marshal, ii. 84, 480, 495, 502, 507, 514, 523;
defeat at Vellinghausen, 530;
recalled to France, 547

Browne, Thomas (trooper 3rd Dragoons), ii. 98

Bruce, Robert, i. 18

Brunswick, Hereditary Prince of, ii. 495;
at Fulda, 498, 503;
action at Emsdorff, 506, 509, 517, 523, 525, 528;
repulsed by Condé, 553

Buchan, Earl of, i. 62

Buckingham, George, Duke of, i. 192;
assassinated, 193

Buckler. _See_ Arms and Armour

Buller, Colonel, i. 262

Burgoyne, General John, ii. 546

Burgundy, Duke of, i. 64, 66, 70

Burgundy, Duke of, commands French army in 1708, i. 493

Burnet (Governor of New York, 1727), ii. 257

Burnet, Bishop Gilbert, i. 393

Burton, Lieut.-Colonel, at Monongahela, ii. 277

Burton, Colonel, ii. 373, 543

Bussy, De, his work in India, ii. 408;
recalled from Deccan by Lally, 436, 457;
at Wandewash, 468

Bute, John Earl of, ii. 534;
hurries on peace, 557

Butler, Gregory, i. 260

Byng, Admiral, i. 529; ii. 8, 291;
retreat from Minorca, 264;
shot, 295

Cabot, Sebastian, ii. 241

Cadiz, expeditions to, i. 191, 407

Cadogan, General, i. 326;
Marlborough's Q.M.G., 423, 466, 495;
at Wynendale, 508, 515, 542, 552; ii. 11;
death, 53

Caillaud, Captain, ii. 234, 426, 434

Calais, i. 30, 37, 72

Caliver. _See_ Arms and Armour

Callender, Captain, ii. 449

Cameron of Lochiel, ii. 126

Camoys, Lord, i. 58

Campbell, Sir Duncan, ii. 49

Campbell, John, ii. 49

Campbell, General, ii. 112

Canada, growth of our sovereignty in, ii. 241 _et seq._
_See also_ North America

Cannon. _See_ Arms and Armour.

Canute, army of, i. 5

Cape Breton, ii. 206, 321

Captain, origin of title, i. 94

Carbine. _See_ Arms and Armour

Carbiniers, i. 442. _See_ under Regiments, 6th Dragoon Guards

Cardonnel, Adam, Marlborough's Secretary, i. 538, 552

Carlisle, capitulation of to Charles Edward, ii. 135

Carolina, British troops in, ii. 43, 60, 62

Carpenter, General, i. 531, 537

Carteret, Lord, ii. 82, 85, 103

Carthagena, the expedition against, ii. 59, 64, 79

Cartridges. _See_ Arms and Armour

Castries, Marquis of, ii. 515, 548

Catalonia, operations of 1705 in, i. 459

Cathcart, Lord, ii. 59;
letters to Newcastle, 60, 62;
death, 62

Cavalry, early lancers and carbiniers, i. 155;
of Gustavus Adolphus, 182-184;
Royalist cavalry in Civil War, 201;
contrast between it and Parliamentary, 206;
the growth of shock action, 215, 586;
how armed in New Model, 215;
and in 18th century, ii. 585.
_See also_ Regiments.

Cavendish, Brigadier, at Vellinghausen, ii. 528

Cecil, Sir Edward, i. 160, 168, 191, 193

Chain-mail. _See_ Arms and Armour

Champlain, Samuel, ii. 241

Chandos, Sir John, i. 41, 44, 47

Chaplet. _See_ Arms and Armour

Charlemont, Lord, i. 460

Charles I., recalls English soldiers from Holland, i. 192;
methods of raising men, 194;
unfurls standard at Nottingham, 199;
relations with Montrose, 222;
gallantry at Naseby, 226;
reverses of, 228;
throws himself on Scots, 233;
army request his trial, 235;
execution, 236;
Indian Empire under, ii. 170

Charles II., i. 3;
treats with Scots, 238, 247;
restoration of, 277;
colonial enterprise under, 293, ii. 170;
alliance with Louis XIV., i. 295;
death, 298

Charles Edward, Prince, ii. 124;
raises standard at Glenfinnan, 126;
enters Edinburgh, 129;
Prestonpans, 130;
marches south, 134;
his retreat, 137;
siege of Stirling, 139;
Culloden, 144-148

Charles V. (of France), i. 42

Charles VI. (of France), i. 50, 55

Charles VII. (of France), reforms French army, i. 70, 94

Charles VIII. (of France), i. 92

Charles V. (Emperor), i. 99, 121

Charles, Archduke of Austria (afterwards Charles III. of Spain,
afterwards Emperor), i. 447, 462, 485, 534, 540; ii. 80

Charles of Blois, i. 42

Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, i. 83

Charles, Prince of Lorraine, ii. 105, 150

Chartres, Colonel, i. 573

Chatham, William Pitt, Earl of, cornet in King's Dragoon Guards,
ii. 20, 54;
denounces Spanish convention, 56;
Paymaster of Forces, 62;
refuses to serve under Newcastle, 287;
return to power, 299;
his Militia Bill, 302;
dismissed from office, 303;
but recalled, 304;
campaign of 1757, 309;
American schemes of, 315-338;
management of war in Europe, 339-346;
African policy, 347, 359;
Canada again, 350, 395;
European campaigns only to divert French, 477;
support of Ferdinand of Brunswick, 501, 521;
fall from power, 534;
what he achieved for army, ii. 568

Cherbourg, bombardment of, ii. 342

Chinglapet, ii. 218

Chittagong, ii. 172

Christian IV. (of Denmark), i. 174

Chunda Sahib (Nabob of Arcot 1749), ii. 176, 193, 197, 200, 214

Churchill, General Charles, i. 407, 417, 422, 430, 441, 457

Chuttamuttee, ii. 172

Civil War, the, i. 199-286.
_See also_ Charles I.

Clarence, Duke of, i. 62

Clarke, Sir William, first Secretary-at-War, i. 311;
killed at sea, 312

Claverhouse, James Graham of, i. 297;
victory at Killicrankie, 339

Clavering, Brigadier, ii. 354

Cleland, Colonel, killed at Dunkeld, i. 341

Clermont, Prince of, ii. 152

Clive, Robert, ii. 180, 184;
distinguished at siege of Pondicherry, 190, 198;
Arcot, 200;
further successes of, 203;
Covrepauk, 204-208;
his presence of mind, 211, 213;
takes Covelong, 219;
his power as a leader, 220;
expedition against Surajah Dowlah, 411;
attacked at Budge Budge, 412;
treaty with Meer Jaffier, 415;
Plassey, 416-425;
Deccan policy of, 441;
and the Dutch, 460

Closterzeven, capitulation of Cumberland at, ii. 307

Clothing, origin of uniform, i. 14, 44;
red coats in 15th century, 56;
coat money, 110;
white coats under Tudors, 111, 114;
gunners' uniform, 123;
dress of king's body-guard, 124;
of landsknechts, 128;
poor equipment of English troops under Elizabeth, 131;
the cassock, 135;
description of in military pamphlets, 137;
scarves worn by English in Dutch army, 169;
Highland dress, 174;
royal colours first worn by Parliamentary troops, 213;
tawny coats of artillery, 217;
clothing of Cromwell's Irish army, 237;
of English in French army, 271;
scarlet coats adopted, 283;
blue of William the Third's infantry, 337;
grenadiers' plumes, 325;
colonels have to provide for clothing of men, 391;
uniforms at Blenheim, 439;
white coats of French, 469;
reforms due to Marlborough, 571;
of colonial troops, 563, ii. 41;
Frederick William's influence on, 51;
regulations of George II. as to, 52;
regimental numbers first appear on buttons, 583

Cobham, Lord, ii. 10.
_See_ Temple, Richard

Cochrane, Lord, ii. 345

Cohorn (engineer), i. 413

Coignies, Count of, i. 415

Colbert, ii. 172

Coligny, The Admiral, i. 143

Colonel, origin of, i. 93

Colours. _See_ Arms and Armour

Commissioners of Public Accounts, i. 381

Commissions of Array, i. 16, 197

Condé, Prince of (the Great Condé), i. 200, 270, 296

Condé, Prince of, ii. 109 (1762), 539, 553

Condottieri, the, i. 22

Conflans, French commander in India, ii. 442;
defeated at Condore, 445

Contades, Marshal, successful against Ferdinand of Brunswick,
ii. 481-485;
defeated at Minden, 487-497

Conti, Prince of, ii. 150

Contrecoeur, Monsieur, ii. 274

Controllers of Accounts, i. 410

Conway, Lord, i. 196

Conway, Colonel Henry, ii. 301, 307, 573

Cook, Captain James (navigator), ii. 387

Coote, Colonel Eyre, ii. 358, 413, 424, 455, 459;
victory at Wandewash, 463-470;
reduction of French posts in India, 471

Cope, General John, ii. 125;
defeat at Prestonpans, 129-131;
removed from command, 133

Cornbury, Lord, i. 306

Cornet, origin of, i. 118

Cornish, Admiral, ii. 544

Cornwallis, Colonel, ii. 263, 308

Corporal, origin of, i. 95, 136

Corselet. _See_ Arms and Armour

Craggs, James, Secretary-at-War, ii. 25

Craigie, Lord Advocate, ii. 125

Craven, William, Lord, i. 169, 307

Crawford, John, Earl of, ii. 50

Crillon, French officer in India, ii. 458

Croft, William, composes service for Marlborough's funeral, ii. 13

Cromwell, John, i. 169

Cromwell, Henry, i. 255, 274

Cromwell, Oliver, i. 200;
defeats Royalists at Marston Moor, 206;
first called Ironside, 207;
Lieutenant-General, 223;
Naseby, 227;
ingratitude of Parliament to, 231;
short methods with Commons, 233;
Commander-in-Chief, 239;
Scottish campaigns, 240-247;
Lord Protector, 251;
army under, 251;
Irish Settlement, 256;
colonial policy of, 258-266;
alliance with France, 266-274;
his death, 274;
his system summed up, 280;
fine character of his army, 282;
his work, 286

Cromwell, Richard, succeeds Oliver, i. 274;
death, 552

Crown Point, ii. 242, 257, 282, 315

Crump, Colonel, ii. 353, 356

Crusades, effect of on army, i. 13

Cuba, taken from Spain, ii. 543.
_See_ Havana

Cuirass. _See_ Arms and Armour

Cuirassiers, i. 183

Culverin. _See_ Arms and Armour

Cumberland, Prince William, Duke of, ii. 53;
at Dettingen, 101;
Commander-in-Chief, 109;
Fontenoy, 110;
criticisms of his generalship at, 120;
position after the battle, 122;
recalled to England, 132;
command in Scotland, 141;
Culloden, 144-148;
returns to Low Countries, 156;
defeat at Lauffeld, 159-163, 268;
his errors as a leader, 279, 287, 303;
Hastenbeck and Closterzeven, 307;
effect of his reforms on army, 566

Cunningham, Colonel of the 9th Foot, i. 342

Cunningham, Major of Engineers, ii. 293

Cutts, Colonel John, Lord (the Salamander), at Venloo, i. 405;
at Blenheim, 434; ii. 70

Dacca, ii. 172

Dagger. _See_ Arms and Armour

Dalrymple, Governor of Guadeloupe, ii. 538

Dalton, Captain, ii. 213, 220

Dapfheim, occupied by Marlborough, i. 432

Darcy, Lord, in favour of English gunners, i. 122

Darts. _See_ Arms and Armour

Das Minas, General, i. 482

Daulhatt's Grenadiers, ii. 510

Daun, Count, ii. 157

D'Aché, Admiral, ii. 428-434, 457

D'Alençon, Duke, i. 35

D'Arco, Count, i. 422

D'Arenberg, ii. 90, 106

D'Armentières, Count, ii. 481, 497

D'Asfeld, General, i. 528

D'Assas, Chevalier, ii. 516

D'Auteuil, French general in India, ii. 211, 427

De Bay, Marquis, i. 529, 531

De Corsana, General, i. 458

D'Espréménil, French commander at Madras, ii. 182

D'Estaing, Count, ii. 430

D'Estrées, Count, ii. 160, 497, 547

De la Galissonière, Admiral, ii. 291

D'Humières, Marshal, i. 338

De la Marck, Count, i. 141

De Leyrit, Governor of Pondicherry, ii. 407

De Monts, colonises Acadia, ii. 241

De Muy, Chevalier, ii. 507

De Noailles, Marshal, ii. 481

D'Oyley, Colonel, i. 264

De Soupire, French commander in India, ii. 430

De Stainville, French officer, ii. 551

De Tavannes, Gaspard, i. 103, 152

De Witt, i. 294

Deane, Private John, i. 572

Denis of Harfleur, ii. 241

Denmark, Prince George of, i. 402

Desertion, causes of, i. 569; ii. 32

Devonshire, Duke of, ii. 298

Diaz, Bartholomew, ii. 168

Diemel, River, Ferdinand of Brunswick's passage of, ii. 509

Dieskau, Count, ii. 281, 283

Digby, Lord, i. 290

Dinwiddie, Governor of Virginia (1753), ii. 264

Dominica, captured from French, ii. 538

Doncaster, Lord, i. 169

Douglas, Earl of, i. 65

Douglas, Sir James, ii. 538

Douglas, Sir Robert, i. 365

Douglas, Colonel, ii. 58

Dragoons, originally mounted infantry, i. 216;
character of, 323.
_See_ Regiments

Draper, Colonel, ii, 438, 544;
conducts siege of Manila, 545

Dreve, General, ii. 486

_Drill and Exercises_:--
Wedge formation at Hastings, i. 6, 7;
Byzantine line of battle, 9, 10;
English line of battle, 13th century, 17;
mediæval cavalry formation, 27;
English line at Agincourt, 58;
formation _en haye_ established, 77;
Swiss formation, 83;
drill of landsknechts, 91;
sergeants connected with drill, 94, 135;
shock action by cavalry, 103, 586;
squadron, 104, 106;
Evolutions of Ælian, 107, 152;
wings first added, 113;
manœuvres in Elizabeth's reign, 129;
Garrard's description of marching, 137;
pike exercise, 138, 170, 179, 213;
adapted to bayonet, 586.
(_See also_ Pike);
Maurice of Nassau's tactics, 152;
regiments and companies, 153;
formation in 16th century, 158;
musket exercise, 170, 213.
(_See also_ Musket);
_Feu de joie_ first fired, 171;
Gustavus Adolphus's reforms, 179;
platoon established, 181;
the drum march, 191;
Kelly's _Pallas Armata_, 194;
New Model formation, 214;
Vernon's "drill-book," 215;
after the Restoration, 323-327;
order of battle in 1703, 414;
platoons at Blenheim, 438;
order of battle at Blenheim and Ramillies, 458, 471, 495;
at Almanza, 485;
firing by platoons, 585;
reforms of Amherst, ii. 370, 403;
excellence of British fire-discipline, 590

Drucour, M., ii. 321

Drury, General, ii. 344

Dumas, Governor of Pondicherry, ii. 176, 274

Dunbar, Major, i. 175

Dunbar, Colonel, ii. 273

Duncombe, Ensign, ii. 170;

Dunkirk, operations against, in 1600, i. 159;
Stair's proposed attack on, ii. 86

Dunmore, Lord, ii. 149

Dupleix, Joseph François, ii. 175;
made Nabob, 178, 181, 194;
fortifies Pondicherry, 189, 198, 215, 221;
fall of, 236;
character and work, 237

Durazzo, i. 8

Durell, Admiral, ii. 361

Durham, Bishop of, i. 17, 30

Du Rocher, French Commander in India, ii. 446

Dutch, English volunteers serve with, i. 141;
war with English, 295;
hamper Marlborough, 402, 412-15, 455, 517;
practically responsible for his fall, 533;
reluctant to co-operate with English in Seven Years' War, ii. 83;
their colonial defeat in India, 456, 460

East India Company, first established, ii. 169;
their settlements in 1701, 172;
military negligence of, 180

Edgcumbe, Commodore, ii. 292

Edinburgh, surrender of to Cromwell, i. 245

Edmunds, Sir William, i. 160

Edward I., i. 16

Edward II., i. 21

Edward III., i. 19, 21;
first campaign in France, 33;
growth of army under, 44

Edward IV., military talent of, i. 74;
at Barnet, 76

Elizabeth, Queen, army under, i. 4, 127-168

Elizabeth, Princess, i. 168

Elliott, Colonel George Augustus, ii. 476

Engineers, first British Engineer, i. 32;
in New Model, i. 219;
slow development of, ii. 589

Ensign, the, i. 94, 135

Erie, Lake, ii. 247

Erie, General, i. 503, 507

Ernest of Nassau, i. 161

Erpingham, Sir W., i. 59

Essex, Lord, at Zutphen, i. 148

Essex, Lord (Parliamentary General), i. 202, 204;
capitulation of his army, 208

Eugene of Savoy, Prince, i. 416, 420, 424, 429;
his attack at Blenheim, 439;
his modesty, 446;
commands right at Oudenarde, 499;
besieges Lille, 504-511;
marches on Tournay, 513;
differs with Marlborough before Malplaquet, 517;
his part in the action, 520;
wounded, 523;
prevents Marlborough from resigning, 539

Fagel, General, i. 446, 458

Fairfax, Sir Charles, i. 160

Fairfax, Sir Thomas, Lord, i. 206;
as a disciplinarian, 223;
ingratitude of Parliament to, 231;
opposes king's execution, 235;
resigns command, 239

Falconbridge, Lord, i. 74

Falstolfe, Sir John, i. 67;
disgraced by Bedford, 69

Family Compact, the, ii. 536

Farokshir (Mogul Emperor, 1712), ii. 174

Felton, irregular cavalry of, i. 45

Felton, assassinates Buckingham, i. 193

Fenton, Edward, ii. 169

Ferdinand of Brunswick, Prince, ii. 339, 477;
defeated at Bergen, 480;
campaign of 1759, 481-485;
Minden, 486-497;
Pitt's support of, ii. 501;
campaign of 1760, 502;
Kloster Kampen, 514-519;
campaign of 1761, 522;
victory at Vellinghausen, 527;
skilful campaign afterwards, 531;
campaign of 1762, 547;
victory at Wilhelmsthal, 549-552;
action at Amöneburg, 555;
fall of Cassel, 557;
estimate of his military ability, 558

Ferguson, Brigadier, at Blenheim, i. 438

Feudal system, as a military organisation, i. 11, 14, 21;
decay of, 109

Feuquières, Marquis of, i. 375

Feversham, Lord, i. 306

Fieffé (historian), i. 190

Fielding, Lord, i. 169

Flanders, Count of, i. 36

Flanders, as a battleground, i. 351-355;
William the Third's campaigns in, 358-380;
Spanish Succession War in, 398;
Marlborough's campaigns in, 412;
French lines in, 451;
campaigns of 1742-1747, ii. 80-123, 149-164

Fleetwood, Charles, i. 239, 255, 274

Fletcher, Andrew, ii. 125

Fleuranges, quoted, i. 115

Fleury, Cardinal, ii. 124

Forbes, Captain Duncan, ii. 125

Forbes, General, ii. 315, 323, 333-336;
death, 337

Forde, Colonel (of 39th), ii. 427, 442;
action at Condore, 445;
storming of Masulipatam, 449;
actions of Chandernagore and Badara, 460-462

Fort Beauséjour, ii. 270

Fort Cumberland, ii. 272

Fort Duquêsne (Pittsburgh), ii. 267, 273, 333

Fort Frontenac, ii. 336, 338

Fort Philip (Minorca), ii. 292

Fort Louis (Guadeloupe), ii. 351

Fort St. David, ii. 186, 222;
taken by French, 431

Fort St. George (Madras), ii. 170

Fort William (Calcutta), ii. 173

Fort William (Highlands), ii. 143

Fort, William Henry, ii. 305

Fortescue, Sir Faithful, i. 169

Fortescue, Colonel Richard, i. 264

Fowke, General, ii. 293

Fox, Henry, ii. 287, 299

Fox, Sir Stephen, first Paymaster-General, i. 310

Francis I., King of France, i. 95, 106

Francis, Duke of Lorraine, ii. 81

Franklin, Benjamin, ii. 268

Frederick William I. of Prussia, ii. 51

Frederick II. (the Great), ii. 80;
Silesia, 84, 106, 164, 291;
European League against, 298, 313, 339, 477, 498, 557;
Pitt's work for, 571

Frederick, Elector Palatine, i. 169

French, our European war with, 1339-1487, i. 32-78;
1691-1713, 351-553;
the Seven Years' War, ii. 80-164;
our struggle with, in India, 172-260, 406-474;
in West Africa, 346;
in West Indies, 349;
in Canada, 246, 263-285, 314, 358-402

_French Regiments:_--
Aubeterre, ii. 116
Auvergne, ii. 516
Bourbonnois, ii. 509
Champagne, i. 521
Couronne, ii. 116
Courtin, ii. 116
D'Hébron, i. 189
Gardes Suisses, i. 327, 374; ii. 115
Gendarmerie, i. 524
Lorraine, ii. 467
Picardie, i. 521
Soissonois, ii. 116

Frisians, in Dutch army, i. 159

Froissart, i. 46, 49

Frontenac, Count, ii. 251

Fronteria, Marquis, i. 529

Frontinus, i. 106

Frundsberg, Georg von, i. 328

Fürstenberg, General, i. 187

Fyrd, the, i. 5, 128

Gage, Colonel, ii. 274, 280, 370

Gage, Thomas, i. 258

Galway, Ruvigny, Earl of, i. 448, 459, 476, 483;
at Almanza, 486, 529

Garrard, military pamphlet of, i. 136

Garrisons, growth of, i. 123;
in Anne's reign, 561;
in colonies, ii. 42-48

Gascony, English in, i. 48

Gates, Captain Horatio, ii. 280

Gauvain, General, i. 519

Gentlemen Pensioners, rise of, i. 124

George I. commands in allied army, i. 490; ii. 4;
good influence of on army, 30;
introduces steel ramrod, 51

George II., i. 493;
at Oudenarde, 498; ii. 35;
courage at Dettingen, 94;
loyalty as an ally, 482;
death, 520

George III., i. 520;
correspondence with Lord North, 576

George of Denmark, Prince, i. 512

Georgia, troops in, ii. 43

Ghent, retaken by French, i. 494

Gibraltar, garrison at, i. 561; ii. 42-44, 46, 565

Gilbert, Sir Humphry, i. 142

Gingee, Bussy's capture of, ii. 196, 216

Ginkell, i. 335;
campaign of 1691, 349, 401;
his jealousy of Marlborough, 402, 406;
death, 412

Giustiniani, describes English army in 1519, i. 117

Glaubitz, General, ii. 504

Gloves, iron. _See_ Arms and Armour

Goa, centre of Portuguese power in India, ii. 168

Godeheu, Mons., succeeds Dupleix, ii. 236;
leaves India, 406

Godolphin, Sidney, i. 358, 382, 512, 538

Goëthe, story of taking of Frankfurt, ii. 479

Gonsalvo of Cordova, i. 97

Gooch, Colonel, ii. 62

Goor, General, i. 425

Goree, capture of, ii. 499

Goring, George, i. 169, 205

Grafton, Henry Duke of, i. 306

Grammont, Count of, at Dettingen, ii. 93;
at Fontenoy, 113

Granby, John, Marquis of, at Minden, ii. 493;
letters to Holdernesse, 507;
at Warburg, 511;
at Vellinghausen, 527;
at Wilhelmsthal, 549;
at Amöneberg, 555

Grant, Major, ii. 49, 69, 335

Gray, James (Hannah Snell), ii. 574

Gray, Thomas, ii. 136

Grenade. _See_ Arms and Armour

Grenadiers, added to regiments, i. 324;
horse grenadiers, 388;
the Louisburg, ii. 361;
Maxwell's at Vellinghausen, 530.
_See also_ Regiments

Griffin, Admiral, ii. 186

Guadeloupe, ii. 349;
taken by English, 356

Guest, General, ii. 131

Guienne, i. 48

Guiscard, Robert, i. 8

Guise, General, ii. 71

Gun. _See_ Arms and Armour

Gunstone. _See_ Arms and Armour

Gustavus Adolphus, i. 3, 17;
Scots in his army, 173, 179;
surgeons in his army, 182, 325;
Breitenfeld, 186;
his march to the Maine, 188;
death, 189;
authorities on, 190;
his tactics adopted at Almanza, 486

Habergeon. _See_ Arms and Armour

Halberd. _See_ Arms and Armour

Hale, Colonel John, raises 17th Lancers, ii. 500

Halifax, military settlement in Nova Scotia, ii. 263

Halket, Colonel Sir Peter, ii. 276

Halket, Major, ii. 337

Hampden, John, i. 200

Handasyde, General, ii. 133

Hanoverian soldiers, ii. 119;
imported into England by George II., 290

Harbord, William, i. 346

Harley, Robert, Earl of Oxford, i. 384;
opposed to war, 536, 538;
miserable administration of army under, 571;
opposes Mutiny Act, ii. 19

Harold, army of, i. 6

Harquebus. _See_ Arms and Armour

Harquebusiers, Italian, i. 24, 137, 143

Harrison, Lieutenant, ii. 237

Harvey, General, ii. 527

Hatchet. _See_ Arms and Armour

Hauberk. _See_ Arms and Armour

Haviland, Brigadier, ii. 396, 540

Hawke, Sir Edward, Admiral, ii. 287, 308, 315, 340, 499

Hawkins, Captain, ii. 169

Hawkwood, Sir John, i. 42, 51;
compared with Marlborough, 52

Hay, Lord Charles, at Fontenoy, ii. 115

Hazelrigg, Sir Arthur, i. 203

Helmet. _See_ Arms and Armour

Henry I., i. 9

Henry V., aggression against France, i. 54;
army under, 54-63;
success at Harfleur, 68;
crosses the Somme, 56;
Agincourt, 60-62;
death, 63

Henry VI, i. 72

Henry VII., army at his accession, i. 109

Henry VIII. and the army, i. 111, 118;
Acts against desertion, 113;
his light cavalry, 114;
encourages archers, 117;
war with France, 118, 120;
progress of army under, 121

Henry of Lancaster, our first engineer, i. 32, 37

Henry of Prussia, Prince, ii. 481

Henry of Trastamare, i. 45

Hepburn, Sir John, i. 173, 189;
killed at Saverne, 190

Herbert of Cherbury, Lord, i. 169

Heron, Colonel, ii. 407

Hesse-Darmstadt, Prince George of, i. 448-461

Hessians, their gallantry as soldiers, i. 437

Heukelom, General, i. 456

Highlanders, first enlisted, ii. 49;
Pitt's enlistment of, 300

Highlands, Monk's campaign in, i. 254

Hill, Colonel, appointed to command without reference to Marlborough,
i. 536, 541

Hill, General, ii. 255

Hobelars, i. 27

Hoby, Sir Edward, i. 139

Hodgson, General, ii. 521

Hogarth, and the '45, ii. 136

Holburne, Admiral, ii. 305

Holdernesse, Lord, ii. 501, 535

Holles, Captain, i. 160

Holmes, Admiral, ii. 372, 499

Holstein-Beck, Prince of, i. 439

Hompesch, General, i. 440, 542

Hopson, General Peregrine, i. 347

Horne, Marshal, i. 186

Horses, armour of, i. 25;
breeding of, for cavalry, 121

Houtmann, James, ii. 169

Howe, Lord, ii. 315, 325;
killed, 326

Howe, Commodore, ii. 340

Howe, Colonel William, ii. 375

Howitzer. _See_ Arms and Armour

Huguenots, in Allied Army, i. 484;
at Oudenarde, 501

Hundred Years' War, i. 22

Hyder Ali, ii. 471

Ilchester, Lord, ii. 290

Imhoff, General, ii. 502

India, French and English struggle for supremacy in, ii. 168-237,
406-474

Ingoldsby, Brigadier, at Fontenoy, ii. 112

Ireland, separate military establishment in, i. 283;
the establishment of 1698, 389;
Walpole denounces it as part of the Standing Army, ii. 18
(for differences of pay in Ireland _see_ Appendix).
Cromwell's campaign in, i. 237;
Schomberg's, 343;
Ginkell's, 349;
Marlborough's, 350

Ireton, Henry, i. 224

Irish, in Spanish army, i. 270;
in French army, 432, 533; ii. 118

Iroquois, the, ii. 248

Italy, the school of war, i. 94

Jacobites, officers favoured at close of Anne's reign, ii. 3;
rebellion of 1715, 5;
opposed to army, 15;
rebellion of 1745, 124-148;
effect of organisation of Highland regiments on, ii. 300

Jacqueline of Holland, i. 66

Jamaica, conquered under Cromwell, i. 264;
troops in, ii. 40, 76

James I., i. 167;
influence on army, 191

James II., his military education, i. 298;
concentrates army at Hounslow, 301;
disaffection of army to, 303;
Irish policy of, 304;
quits England, 307;
lands at Cork, 336;
death, 399; ii. 41;
North American policy of, 250

James Stuart (Old Pretender), in French army in 1708, i. 493; ii. 36

Jefferies, Colonel, ii. 294

Jeffreys, Judge, ii. 38

Jervis, Captain John, ii. 374

Joan of Arc, i. 68

John, King, army under, i. 14

John of Montfort, i. 42

John, Archduke of Austria, i. 143

John of Austria, Don, i. 270

Johnson, Sir William, ii. 260, 269, 282, 369

Joliet, ii. 247

Jones, Colonel, i. 477

Joppa, Richard the First's march from, i. 13

Joseph, Emperor of Austria, i. 540

Joyeuse, Marshal, i. 359

Kane, Colonel, i. 552

Keane, Lieutenant, ii. 206

Keith, James, ii. 10

Keppel, Commodore, ii. 271, 346, 521

Kerjean, ii. 217

Khevenhüller, ii. 89

Kielmannsegge, General, ii. 508, 550

Kilpatrick, Major, ii. 411, 424

Kingsley, General, ii. 521

Kinnear, Major, ii. 216

Kirke, Colonel, i. 306, 342

Klosterzeven, Convention of, ii. 339

Knife. _See_ Arms and Armour

Knight-service, i. 8

Knights, i. 10, 17, 24

Knox, Captain, ii. 449

Königseck, General, ii. 111

La Bassée, lines of, i. 513

La Bourdonnais, Bertrand, a great administrator, ii. 176;
naval action off Ceylon, 180;
quarrel with Dupleix, 181

La Noue, Huguenot Commander, i. 138, 143

Lally de Tollendal, Count, arrives in India, ii. 429;
first successes of, 430, 433;
treatment of Bussy, 437;
siege of Madras, 439, 454, 457;
defeated at Wandewash, 463, 470

Lambert, John, i. 239;
marches against Monk, 275

Lance. _See_ Arms and Armour.