Chapter VII: The Philosophy of the Steam-Engine

THE HISTORY OF ITS GROWTH; ENERGETICS AND THERMO-DYNAMICS 419

General Outline, 419; Origin of its Power, 419; Scientific
Principles involved in its Operation, 420; the Beginnings of
Modern Science, 421; the Alexandrian Museum, 422; the
Aristotelian Philosophy, 424; the Middle Ages, 426; Galileo's
Work, 428; Da Vinci and Stevinus, 429; Kepler, Hooke, and
Huyghens, 429; Newton and the New Mechanical Philosophy, 430;
the Inception of the Science of Energetics, 483; the
Persistence of Energy, 433; Rumford's Experiments, 434;
Fourier, Carnot, Seguin, 437; Mayer and the Mechanical
Equivalent of Heat, 438; Joule's Determination of its Value,
438; Prof. Rankine's Investigations, 442; Clausius-Thompson's
Principles, 444; Experimental Work of Boyle, Black, and Watt,
446; Robison's, Dalton's, Ure's, and Biot's Study of Pressures
and Temperatures of Steam, 447; Arago's and Dulong's
Researches, 447; Franklin Institute Investigation, 447;
Cagniard de la Tour--Faraday, 447; Dr. Andrews and the Critical
Point, 448; Donny's and Dufour's Researches, 448; Regnault's
Determination of Temperatures and Pressures of Steam, 449;
Hirn's Experiments, 450; Resume of the Philosophy of the
Steam-Engine, 451; Energy--Definitions and Principles, 451; its
Measure, 452; the Laws of Energetics, 453; Thermo-dynamics,
453; its Beginnings, 454; its Laws, 454; Rankine's General
Equation, 455; Rankine's Treatise on the Theory of
Heat-Engines, 456; Merits of the Great Philosopher, 456.