Chapter I: Front Matter

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE

* Italics are denoted by underscores as in _italics_, and small caps
are represented in upper case as in SMALL CAPS.

* Obvious printer errors have been silently corrected.

* Original spelling was kept, but variant spellings were made
consistent when a predominant usage was found.

* To aid referencing places and names in present-day maps and
documents, outdated and current spellings of some proper names
follow:

Aguilar del Campo, now Aguilar de Campóo,
Albuquerque, now Alburquerque,
Alcaniz, now Alcañiz,
Alemtejo, now Alentejo,
Aljafferia, now Aljafería,
Aljubarotta, now Aljubarrota,
Almanza, now Almansa,
Ampurdam, now Ampurdán,
Arens de Mar, now Arenys de Mar,
Arguelles, now Argüelles,
Baylen, now Bailén,
Bergara, now Vergara,
Bidassoa, now Bidasoa,
Biscay, now Vizcaya,
Busaco, now Buçaco,
Cacabellos, now Cacabelos,
Cascaes, now Cascais,
Castro Gonzalo, now Castrogonzalo,
Compostella, now Compostela,
Constantino, now Constantín (Baralla, Lugo),
Cordova or Cordoue, now Córdoba,
Corunna, now La Coruña,
Despeña Perros, now Despeñaperros,
Elvina, now Elviña,
Estremadura, now Extremadura (for Spain),
Estremadura (for Portugal),
Freneda, now Freineda,
Gihon, now Gijón,
Guadalaviar (river), now Turia,
Guarraman, now Guarromán,
Huerba (river), now Huerva,
La Baneza, now La Bañeza,
Liñares, now Linares,
Loxa, now Loja,
Mulhaçen, now Mulhacén,
Nava (river), now Navia,
Noguera (river), now Noguera Ribagorzana,
Oña (river), now Oñar,
Pallaresa (river), now Noguera Pallaresa,
Pampeluna, now Pamplona,
Penilla, now Pinilla,
Peñas de Europa, now Picos de Europa,
Pezo-de-Ragoa, now Peso da Régua,
Porcuña, now Porcuna,
Praganza, now Pregança,
Puycerda, now Puigcerdá,
Requeña, now Requena,
Reynosa, now Reinosa,
San Estevan del Puerto, now Santisteban del Puerto,
Sanguesa, now Sangüesa,
Saragossa, now Zaragoza,
Setuval, now Setúbal,
Siguenza, now Sigüenza,
Tagus, now Tajo,
Tajuna, now Tajuña,
Toreño, now Toreno,
Truxillo, now Trujillo,
Valdestillos, now Vasdestillas,
Valmaceda, now Valmaseda,
Vellimar, now Villímar,
Vierzo, now Bierzo,
Vincente, now Vicente,
Vittoria, now Vitoria,
Zornoza, now Amorebieta-Echano.

* Some maps and illustrations have been moved so that they do not
break up paragraphs and lie near the text they illustrate. Their
page numbers in the Lists of Maps and Portraits have been modified
accordingly.

* Footnotes have been renumbered into a single series. Each footnote
is placed at the end of the paragraph that includes its anchor.

* In p. 53, the anchor placement for footnote 54 is conjectured.
None found in the printed original.

A HISTORY OF THE
PENINSULAR WAR

BY
CHARLES OMAN, M.A.

FELLOW OF ALL SOULS COLLEGE
AND DEPUTY-PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY (CHICHELE)
IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD

VOL. I

1807-1809

FROM THE TREATY OF FONTAINEBLEAU
TO THE BATTLE OF CORUNNA

WITH MAPS, PLANS AND PORTRAITS

OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1902

HENRY FROWDE, M.A.
PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
LONDON, EDINBURGH
NEW YORK