Chapter XLIV: Section VIII: Chapter VI (3)

XVI. All subjects of France, or of powers in friendship or alliance with France, domiciliated in Portugal, or accidentally in this country, shall be protected. Their property of every kind, movable and immovable, shall be respected, and they shall be at liberty either to accompany the French army or to remain in Portugal. In either case their property is guaranteed to them with the liberty of retaining or disposing of it, and of passing the sale[747] of it into France or any other country where they may fix their residence, the space of one year being allowed them for that purpose.

[747] The meaning of this odd and crabbed phrase is shown by the
French duplicate of the Convention--‘d’en faire passer le produit
en France.’ Murray should have written ‘the proceeds’ instead of
‘the sale.’

It is fully understood that shipping is excepted from this arrangement; only, however, as regards leaving the port, and that none of the stipulations above mentioned can be made the pretext of any commercial speculation.

XVII. No native of Portugal shall be rendered accountable for his political conduct during the period of the occupation of this country by the French army. And all those who have continued in the exercise of their employments, or who have accepted situations under the French Government, are placed under the protection of the British commanders. They shall suffer no injury in their persons or property, it not having been at their option to be obedient or not to the French Government. They are also at liberty to avail themselves of the stipulations of the sixteenth article.

XVIII. The Spanish troops detained on board ship in the port of Lisbon shall be given up to the General-in-chief of the British army, who engages to obtain of the Spaniards to restore such French subjects, either military or civil, as may have been detained[748] in Spain, without having been taken in battle or in consequence of military operations, but on the occasion of the occurrences of the 29th of May last, and the days immediately following.

[748] Murray’s English does not here translate Kellermann’s
French: the latter has ‘détenus en Espagne,’ i.e. ‘at present
prisoners in Spain,’ not ‘who may have been detained in Spain.’
For the persons intended were primarily General Quesnel, his
staff, and escort, who had been seized in Portugal and then taken
into Spain. The clause also covered some French officers and
commissaries who had been seized at Badajoz and elsewhere while
making their way to Lisbon, at the moment when the insurrection
broke out.

XIX. There shall be an immediate exchange established for all ranks of prisoners made in Portugal since the commencement of the present hostilities.

XX. Hostages of the rank of field-officers shall be mutually furnished on the part of the British army and navy, and on that of the French army, for the reciprocal guarantee of the present Convention.

The officer representing the British army to be restored on the completion of the articles which concern the army, and the officer of the navy on the disembarkation of the French troops in their own country. The like is to take place on the part of the French army[749].

[749] The hostage for the English army was Col. Donkin. I cannot
find out who was the naval hostage.

XXI. It shall be allowed to the General-in-chief of the French army to send an officer to France with intelligence of the present Convention. A vessel will be furnished by the British Admiral to carry him to Bordeaux or Rochefort.

XXII. The British Admiral will be invited to accommodate His Excellency the Commander-in-chief[750] and the other principal French officers on board of ships of war.

[750] i.e. Junot and his chief officers preferred the
hospitalities of a man of war to the hard fare of a transport.

Done and concluded at Lisbon this thirteenth day of August, 1808.

GEORGE MURRAY, Quar.-Mas.-Gen.
KELLERMANN, Général de Division.

Three unimportant supplementary articles were added, one stipulating that French civilian prisoners in the hands of the English or Portuguese should be released, another that the French army should subsist on its own magazines till it embarked, a third that the British should allow the free entry of provisions into Lisbon after the signature of the Convention.

2. REPORT OF THE COURT OF INQUIRY.

On a consideration of all circumstances, as set forth in this Report, we most humbly submit our opinion, that no further military proceeding is necessary on the subject. Because, howsoever some of us may differ in our sentiments respecting the fitness of the Convention in the relative situation of the two armies, it is our unanimous declaration, that unquestionable zeal and firmness appear throughout to have been exhibited by Lieut.-Generals Sir Hew Dalrymple, Sir Harry Burrard, and Sir Arthur Wellesley, as well as that the ardour and gallantry of the rest of the officers and soldiers, on every occasion during this expedition, have done honour to the troops, and reflected lustre on Your Majesty’s arms.

All which is most dutifully submitted.

(Signed)

DAVID DUNDAS, General.
MOIRA, General.
PETER CRAIG, General.
HEATHFIELD, General.
PEMBROKE, Lieut.-Gen.
G. NUGENT, Lieut.-Gen.
OL. NICHOLLS, Lieut.-Gen.

Dec. 22, 1808.

3. LORD MOIRA’S ‘OPINION.’

I feel less awkwardness in obeying the order to detail my sentiments on the nature of the Convention, because that I have already joined in the tribute of applause due in other respects to the Officers concerned. My opinion, therefore, is only opposed to theirs on a question of judgment, where their talents are likely to have so much more weight, as to render the profession of my difference, even on that point, somewhat painful. Military duty is, however, imperious on me not to disguise or qualify the deductions which I have made during this investigation.

An Armistice simply might not have been objectionable, because Sir Hew Dalrymple, expecting hourly the arrival of Sir John Moore’s division, might see more advantage for himself in a short suspension of hostilities, than what the French could draw from it. But as the Armistice involved, and in fact established, the whole principle of the Convention, I cannot separate it from the latter.

Sir Arthur Wellesley has stated that he considered his force, at the commencement of the march from the Mondego river, as sufficient to drive the French from their positions on the Tagus. That force is subsequently joined by above 4,000 British troops, under Generals Anstruther and Acland. The French make an attack with their whole disposable strength, and are repulsed with heavy loss, though but a part of the British army is brought into action. It is difficult to conceive that the prospects which Sir Arthur Wellesley entertained could be unfavourably altered by these events, even had not the certainty of speedy reinforcements to the British army existed.

It is urged, that, had the French been pushed to extremity, they would have crossed the Tagus, and have protracted the campaign in such a manner as to have frustrated the more important view of the British Generals, namely, sending succours into Spain.

This measure must have been equally feasible for the French if no victory had been obtained over them; but I confess that the chance of such an attempt seems to me assumed against probability. Sir Hew Dalrymple notices what he calls ‘the critical and embarrassed state of Junot,’ before that General has been pressed by the British army; and, in explanation of that expression, observes, that the surrender of Dupont, the existence of the victorious Spanish army in Andalusia, which cut off the retreat of the French in that direction, and the universal hostility of the Portuguese, made the situation of Junot one of great distress. No temptation for the translation of the war into Alemtejo presents itself from this picture; nor does any other representation give ground to suppose, that Junot could have contemplated the measure, as holding forth any prospect but ultimate ruin, after much preliminary distress and disgrace. The strongest of all proofs as to Junot’s opinion, arises from his sending the very morning after the battle of Vimiero, to propose the evacuation of Portugal; a step which sufficiently indicated that he was satisfied he could not only make no effectual defence, but could not even prolong the contest to take the chance of accidents. He seems, indeed, to have been without any real resource.

I humbly conceive it to have been erroneous to regard the emancipation of Portugal from the French, as the sole or the principal object of the expedition.--Upon whatever territory we contend with the French, it must be a prominent object in the struggle to destroy their resources, and to narrow their means of injuring us, or those whose cause we are supporting. This seems to have been so little considered in the Convention, that the terms appear to have extricated Junot’s army from a situation of infinite distress, in which it was wholly out of play, and to have brought it, in a state of entire equipment, into immediate currency, in a quarter too, where it must interfere with our most urgent and interesting concerns.

Had it been impracticable to reduce the French army to lay down its arms unconditionally, still an obligation not to serve for a specified time might have been insisted upon, or Belleisle might have been prescribed as the place at which they should be landed, in order to prevent the possibility of their reinforcing (at least for a long time) the armies employed for the subjugation of Spain. Perhaps a stronger consideration than the merit of those terms presents itself. Opinion relative to the British arms was of the highest importance, as it might influence the confidence of the Spaniards, or invite the nations groaning under the yoke of France, to appeal to this country, and co-operate with it for their deliverance. The advantages ought, therefore, to have been more than usually great, which should be deemed sufficient to balance the objection of granting to a very inferior army, hopeless in circumstances, and broken in spirit, such terms as might argue, that, notwithstanding its disparity in numbers, it was still formidable to its victors. No advantages seem to have been gained that would not have equally followed from forcing the enemy to a more marked submission. The gain of time as to sending succours into Spain cannot be admitted as a plea; because it appears that no arrangements for the reception of our troops in Spain had been undertaken previous to the Convention; and this is without reasoning on subsequent facts.

I trust that these reasons will vindicate me from the charge of presumption, in maintaining an opinion contradictory to that professed by so many most respectable Officers; for, even if the reasons be essentially erroneous, if they are conclusive to my mind (as I must conscientiously affirm them to be), it is a necessary consequence that I must disapprove the Convention.

MOIRA, General.

December 27, 1808.

X

THE CENTRAL JUNTA OF REGENCY

LIST OF THE MEMBERS.

N.B.--The notes as to individuals are extracted from Arguelles.

1. For ARAGON. Don Francisco PALAFOX, Brigadier-General [younger brother of Joseph Palafox, the Captain-General]. Don Lorenzo CALVO DE ROZAS [Intendant-General of the Army of Aragon, long a banker in Madrid].

2. For ASTURIAS. Don Gaspar JOVELLANOS [Councillor of State, sometime Minister of Justice]. The Marquis of CAMPO SAGRADO, Lieut.-General.

3. For the CANARY ISLANDS. The Marquis of VILLANUEVA DEL PRADO.

4. For OLD CASTILE. Don Lorenzo BONIFAZ [Prior of Zamora]. Don Francisco Xavier CARO [a Professor of the University of Salamanca].

5. For CATALONIA. The Marquis of VILLEL [Grandee of Spain]. The Baron de SABASONA.

6. For CORDOVA. The Marquis DE LA PUEBLA [Grandee of Spain]. Don Juan RABE [a merchant of Cordova].

7. For ESTREMADURA. Don Martin GARAY [Intendant-General of Estremadura]. Don Felix OVALLE [Treasurer of the Army of Estremadura].

8. For GALICIA. The Conde de GIMONDE. Don Antonio ABALLE [an advocate].

9. For GRANADA. Don Rodrigo RIQUELME [Regent of the Chancellery]. Don Luis FUNES [Canon of Santiago].

10. For JAEN. Don Francisco CASTANEDO [Canon of Jaen]. Don Sebastian JOCANO [Accountant-General].

11. For LEON. Don Antonio VALDES [Bailiff of the Knights of Malta, sometime Minister of Marine]. The Vizconde de QUINTANILLA.

12. For MADRID. The Marquis of ASTORGA [Grandee of Spain]. Don Pedro SILVA [Patriarch of the Indies].

13. For the BALEARIC ISLES. Don Tomas VERI [Lieut.-Col. of Militia]. The Conde de AYAMANS.

14. For MURCIA. The Conde de FLORIDA BLANCA [sometime Secretary of State]. The Marquis DEL VILLAR.

15. For NAVARRE. Don Miguel BALANZA and Don Carlos AMATRIA [formerly representatives in the Cortes of Navarre].

16. For SEVILLE. The Archbishop of LAODICEA [Coadjutor-Bishop of Seville]. The Conde de TILLY.

17. For TOLEDO. Don Pedro RIVERO [Canon of Toledo]. Don José Garcia LATORRE [an advocate].

18. For VALENCIA. The Conde de CONTAMINA [Grandee of Spain]. The Principe PIO [Grandee of Spain and a Lieut.-Col. of Militia].

XI

THE SPANISH ARMIES, OCT.-NOV. 1808

N.B.--* signifies an old line or light regiment; † a militia battalion; ‡ a newly raised corps.

1. THE ARMY OF GALICIA [RETURN OF OCT. 31].

General BLAKE.
_Officers._
_Men._
Vanguard Brigade, General MENDIZABAL:
*2nd Catalonian Light Infantry (one batt.); *Volunteers
of Navarre (one batt.); *two batts. of United Grenadiers;
*Saragossa (one batt.); *one company of sappers 87 2,797

1st Division, General FIGUEROA:
*Rey (two batts.); *Majorca (one batt.); *Hibernia (one
batt.); *one batt. of united light companies; †Mondoñedo;
‡_Batallon Literario_; *one company of sappers 86 3,932

2nd Division, General MARTINENGO:
*Navarre (two batts.); *Naples (two batts.); †Pontevedra;
†Segovia; ‡‘Volunteers of Victory’ (one batt.); sappers,
one company; Cavalry: *Reina (two squadrons); *Montesa
(one squadron); and one detachment of mixed regiments.
[The cavalry was 302 sabres in all.] 117 4,949

3rd Division, General RIQUELME:
*Gerona Light Infantry (one batt.); *Seville (two batts.);
*Marines (three batts.); †Compostella (one batt.); one
company of sappers 119 4,677

4th Division, General CARBAJAL:
*Barbastro Light Infantry (one batt.); *Principe (two
batts.); *Toledo (two batts.); *two batts. of United
Grenadiers; *Aragon (one batt.); †Lugo; †Santiago 143 3,388

5th Division [from Denmark], General Conde de SAN ROMAN:
*Zamora (three batts.); *Princesa (three batts.); *1st
Barcelona Light Infantry (one batt.); *1st Catalonian
Light Infantry (one batt.); one company of sappers 159 5,135

Asturian Division: General ACEVEDO:
*Hibernia (two batts.); †Oviedo; ‡Castropol; ‡Grado;
‡Cangas de Onis; ‡Cangas de Tineo; ‡Lena; ‡Luarca;
‡Salas; ‡Villaviciosa 233 7,400

Reserve Brigade, General MAHY:
*Volunteers of the Crown (one batt.); *United Grenadiers
(one batt.); †Militia Grenadiers (two batts.);
‡_Batallon del General_ (one batt.) 90 2,935

Detached Troops on the line of communications--Reynosa,
Burgos, Astorga:
*Saragossa (one batt.); *Buenos Ayres (one batt.);
*Volunteers of the Crown (one batt.); †Santiago; †Tuy;
†Salamanca; ‡_Batallon del General_ (one batt.); and seven
detached companies of various corps 181 5,577

Detached troops left with the Artillery Reserve:
†Betanzos; †Monterrey 40 900
Artillery Reserve (thirty-eight guns) 33 1,000
----- ------
Total 1,288 42,690

N.B.--The four cavalry regiments from Denmark, Rey, Infante, Villaviciosa, and Almanza did not join Blake, being without horses, but marched on foot to Estremadura to get mounted. They had 147 officers and 2,252 men.

2. THE ARMY OF ARAGON.

General Joseph PALAFOX.

1st Division, General O’NEILLE:
*Spanish Guards (one batt.), 609; *Estremadura (one batt.), 600;
*1st Volunteers of Aragon (one batt.), 1,141; ‡1st Light
Infantry of Saragossa, 614; ‡4th Tercio of Aragon, 1,144; ‡2nd
of Valencia, 869; ‡1st Volunteers of Murcia, 1,029; ‡2nd ditto,
968; ‡Huesca, 1,219; ‡Cazadores de Fernando VII (Aragonese),
386; ‡Suizos de Aragon, 825; ‡Escopeteros de Navarra,
227; *Dragoons ‘del Rey,’ 169; artillery, 79; sappers, 47.
Total 9,926
[From a return of Nov. 1, 1808, in the English Record Office.]

2nd Division, General SAINT MARCH:
*Volunteers of Castile (three batts.); †Soria; ‡Turia (three
batts.); ‡Volunteers of Borbon (one batt.); ‡Alicante (three
batts.); ‡Chelva (one batt.); ‡Cazadores de Fernando VII
(Valencian) (one batt.); ‡Segorbe (one batt.); *Dragoons of
Numancia (620 sabres); one company of sappers.
Total 9,060
[This total is from Vaughan’s diary. He was present when Palafox
reviewed the division on Nov. 1, and took down the figures.]

3rd Division, General Conde de LAZAN [detached to Catalonia,
Nov. 10]:
‡1st Volunteers of Saragossa, 638; ‡3rd Volunteers of Aragon,
593; ‡Fernando VII de Aragon, 648; ‡Daroca, 503; ‡La
Reunion, 1,286; ‡Reserva del General, 934; artillery, 64;
one troop of cavalry (Cazadores de Fernando VII), 22.
Total 4,688
[The figures are from a table in Arteche, iii. 469.]

Reserve at Saragossa:

There was a mass of troops in the Aragonese capital which had
not yet been brigaded, and in part had not even been armed
or clothed in October. They included the following regiments
_at least_: 2nd Volunteers of Aragon; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th
Tercios of Aragon; 2nd Light Battalion of Saragossa; and the
battalions of Calatayud, Doyle, Barbastro, Jaca, Tauste,
Teruel, and Torrero; besides (in all probability) some eight
or ten other corps which are found existing in December, when
the second siege began, though they cannot be proved to have
existed in October. In that month, however, there must have
been at least 10,000 armed men in the Aragonese reserve,
perhaps as many as 15,000.

Total of the Army of Aragon, _at least_ 33,674 men, of which only 789 were cavalry.

3. ARMY OF ESTREMADURA.

General GALLUZZO [afterwards the Conde de BELVEDERE].
_Men._
1st Division, Conde de BELVEDERE: [afterwards General DE ALOS]
*Spanish Guards (4th batt.); *Majorca (two batts.); *2nd Light
Infantry of Catalonia (one batt.); †Provincial Grenadiers (one
batt.); one company of tirailleurs 4,160
Cavalry, *4th Hussars (‘Volunteers of Spain’) 360
Sappers, two companies; artillery, two batteries 408

2nd Division, General HENESTROSA:
*Walloon Guards (4th batt.); ‡Badajoz (two batts.); ‡Valencia
de Alcantara; ‡Zafra 3,300
Cavalry, 5th Hussars (Maria Luisa) 298
Sappers, two companies; artillery, two batteries 440

3rd Division, General TRIAS:
†Badajoz; ‡Truxillo (one batt.); ‡Merida; ‡La Serena 3,580
Cavalry, 2nd Hussars (Lusitania) 300

Total of the Army, 12,846, of which 958 were cavalry.

[N.B.--From the _Madrid Gazette_ of Oct. 21, 1808, compared with the table in Arteche, iii. 496.]

4. ARMY OF THE CENTRE.

General CASTAÑOS.
_Men._
1st Division, Conde de VILLARIEZO:
*Walloon Guards (two batts.); *Reina (three batts.); *Corona
(two batts.); *Jaen (three batts.); *Irlanda (three batts.);
*Barbastro (one batt.); †Jaen (about) 8,500
Out of these fifteen battalions nine were detached to the rear in
or about Madrid, and were not present on the Ebro.

2nd Division, General GRIMAREST:
*Ceuta (two batts.); Ordenes Militares (three batts.); †Truxillo;
†Bujalance; †Cuenca; †Ciudad Real; ‡Tiradores de España;
‡Volunteers of Catalonia; ‡Tiradores de Cadiz; ‡Carmona (about) 6,000

3rd Division, General RENGEL:
*Cordova (two batts.); *Volunteers of Valencia (one batt.);
*Campo Mayor (one batt.); †Toledo; †Burgos; †Alcazar;
†Plasencia; †Guadix; †Seville no. 1; †Lorca; †Toro. (about) 6,500
Out of these thirteen battalions four were detached to the rear,
and were not present on the Ebro.

4th Division, General LA PEÑA:
*Africa (two batts.); *Burgos (two batts.); *Saragossa (one batt.);
*Murcia (two batts.); †Provincial Grenadiers of Andalusia
(two batts.); †Siguenza; ‡Navas de Tolosa; ‡Baylen; ‡5th
Battalion of Seville (about) 7,500

5th [Murcian-Valencian] Division, General ROCA [_vice_ General LLAMAS]:
*Savoya (two batts.); *Valencia (three batts.); *America (three
batts.); †Murcia; †Avila; ‡Liria; ‡Cazadores de Valencia
(three batts.); ‡Orihuela (two batts.); Tiradores of Xativa and
Cartagena (two companies); ‡Peñas de San Pedro (about) 8,000
[One regiment was left at Aranjuez as guard to the Junta, with
General Llamas in command.]

‘Army of Castile,’ General PIGNATELLI [after Oct. 30, General CARTAOJAL]:
*Cantabria (two batts.); †Leon Militia; ‡Grenadiers ‘del General’;
‡Cazadores de Cuenca; ‡1st, 2nd, and 3rd Volunteers of Leon;
‡1st, 2nd, and 3rd Tercios of Castile; ‡Tiradores de Castilla;
‡Volunteers of Benavente; ‡Volunteers of Zamora; ‡Volunteers
of Ledesma Total (about) 11,000

The first-named four corps were made into a detached brigade
under Cartaojal on Oct. 30: the others (except ‡Benavente
in garrison at Burgos) were dispersed among the Andalusian
divisions for misbehaviour at Logroño on Oct. 26.

Cavalry: *Farnesio; *Montesa; *Reina; *Olivenza; *Borbon;
*España; *Calatrava; *Santiago; *Sagunto; *Principe;
*Pavia; *Alcantara. Very few of these regiments had more
than three squadrons at the front, some only one. The total
was not more than 3,500 sabres, even including one or two
newly raised free-corps, of insignificant strength
(about) 3,500

Total of the Army of the Centre, about 51,000 men, of whom only about 42,000 were on the Ebro: the remaining 9,000 were in or about Madrid, and were incorporated in San Juan’s ‘Army of Reserve.’

5. ARMY OF CATALONIA.

[Morning state of Nov. 5, 1808.]

General VIVES.
_Men._
Vanguard Division, Brigadier-General ALVAREZ:
*Ultonia, 300; *Borbon (one batt.), 500; *2nd of Barcelona,
1,000; *1st Swiss (Wimpfen) (one batt.), 400; ‡1st Tercio of
Gerona, 900; ‡2nd ditto, 400; ‡Tercio of Igualada, 400; ‡ditto
of Cervera, 400; ‡1st ditto of Tarragona, 800; ‡ditto of
Figueras, 400 5,500
Cavalry, ‡Hussars of San Narciso 100

1st Division, General Conde de CALDAGUES:
*2nd Walloon Guards (one batt.), 314; *Soria (two batts.), 780;
*Borbon (detachment), 151; *2nd of Savoia (two batts.), 1,734;
*2nd Swiss (detachment), 270; ‡Tercio of Tortosa, 984;
‡Igualada and Cervera (detachments), 245; *sappers, 50 4,528
Cavalry: *Husares Españoles (two squadrons), 220; ‡Cazadores
de Cataluña, 180 400
Artillery, one battery (six guns) 70

2nd Division, General LAGUNA:
†Provincial Grenadiers of Old Castile (two batts.), 972; †ditto of
New Castile (two batts.), 924; ‡Volunteers of Saragossa, 150;
sappers, 30 2,076
Cavalry, *Husares Españoles 200
Artillery, one battery (seven guns) 84

3rd Division, General LA SERNA:
*Granada (two batts.), 961; ‡2nd Tercio of Tarragona, 922;
‡‘Division of Arzu,’ 325; ‡Compañias Sueltas, 250 2,458

4th Division, General MILANS:
‡1st Tercio of Lerida, 872; ‡ditto of Vich, 976; ‡ditto of Manresa,
937; ‡ditto of Vallés, 925 3,710

Reserve:
*Spanish Guards, 60; *Grenadiers of Soria, 188; *ditto of
Wimpfen, 169; General’s bodyguard, 340; sappers, 20 777
Cavalry, *Husares Españoles 80
Artillery (four guns) 50

Total of the Army, 20,033, of which 780 are cavalry.

These five armies formed the front line. Their total strength was 151,243, if the 9,000 men left behind at Madrid are deducted.

TROOPS IN THE SECOND LINE.

1. ARMY OF GRANADA [MARCHING TOWARDS CATALONIA].

General REDING.
_Men._
1st Division:
*2nd Swiss (Reding), 1,000; ‡1st Regiment of Granada [alias
Iliberia] (two batts.), 2,400; ‡Baza (two batts.), 2,400;
‡Almeria, (two batts.), 2,400 8,200
2nd Division:
‡Santa Fé (two batts.), 2,400; ‡Antequera (one batt.), 1,200;
‡Loxa (two batts.), 2,400 6,000
Cavalry, ‡Hussars of Granada 670
Artillery (six guns) 130
------
Total of the Army 15,000

N.B.--This return is from a dispatch from Granada in the _Madrid Gazette_ of Oct. 28, corroborated by another of Nov. 5, announcing the arrival of the force at Murcia.

2. GALICIAN RESERVES.
_Officers._
_Men._
Detached Troops in garrison in Galicia:
*Majorca (one batt.); *Leon (one batt.); *Aragon (one
batt.) 77 2,010
Detached troops on the Portuguese frontier:
*Leon (one batt.); †Orense; and four detached companies 48 1,600
--- -----
125 3,610

3. ASTURIAN RESERVES.

[N.B.--This force is exclusive of the troops under Acevedo in the Army of Blake. The numbers are from a morning state of December.]

_Men._
‡Covadonga,360; ‡Don Carlos, 335; ‡Ferdinand VII, 316; ‡Gihon,
586; ‡Infiesto, 489; ‡Llanes, 420; ‡Luanco, 400; ‡Navia, 528;
‡Pravia, 581; ‡Riva de Sella, 685; ‡Siero, 585. Total 5,285

4. ARMY OF RESERVE OF MADRID.

N.B.--This force, which fought at the Somosierra, consisted of parts of the Armies of Andalusia and Estremadura; its numbers have already been counted among the troops of those armies.

General SAN JUAN.
_Men._
From the 1st Division of Andalusia:
*Walloon Guards (one batt.), 500; *Reina (two batts.), 927;
*Jaen (two batts.), 1,300; *Irlanda (two batts.), 1,186; *Corona
(two batts.), 1,039 4,952

From the 3rd Division of Andalusia:
*Cordova (two batts.), 1,300; †Toledo, 500; †Alcazar, 500;
‡3rd of Seville, 400 2,700

From the Army of Estremadura:
‡Badajoz (remains of two batts.) 566

Castilian Levies:
‡1st Volunteers of Madrid (two batts.), 1,500; ‡2nd
ditto, 1,500 3,000

Cavalry: *Principe, 200; *Alcantara, 100; *Montesa, 100;
‡Volunteers of Madrid, 200 600

Artillery (twenty-two guns) 300
------
Total 12,118

N.B.--Of this force the following battalions fled to Madrid, and afterwards joined the Army of the Centre:--1st Volunteers of Madrid, Corona, half 3rd of Seville, Reina, Alcazar. The following fled to Segovia, and joined the Army of Estremadura:--Jaen, Irlanda, Toledo, Badajoz, 2nd Volunteers of Madrid, Walloon Guards, and half 3rd of Seville.

5. ESTREMADURAN RESERVES.

[Left in garrison at Badajoz, when the three divisions of Galluzzo marched to Madrid.]

_Men._
‡Leales de Fernando VII (three batts.), 2,256; ‡Plasencia (one
batt.), 1,200; ‡Badajoz (one batt.), 752 4,208

Cavalry: ‡Cazadores of Llerena, 200? Cazadores of Toledo, 200? 400
------
Total 4,608

[For these forces compare _Madrid Gazette_ of Oct. 21, giving organization of the Army of Estremadura, with the list of troops which marched forward to Burgos in first section of this Appendix. The above regiments remained behind, and are found in existence in Cuesta’s army next spring. See Appendix to vol. ii giving his forces.]

6. BALEARIC ISLES.

There apparently remained in garrison in the Balearic Isles, in November, the following troops:--

_Men._
*4th Swiss (Beschard) (two batts.), 2,121; *Granada (one
batt.), 222; *Soria (one batt.), 413; †Majorca, 604 Total 3,360

7. MURCIAN AND VALENCIAN RESERVES.

[Mostly on the march to Saragossa in November, 1808. The figures mainly from a return of Jan. 1 are too low for the November strength.]

_Men._
*5th Swiss (Traxler), 1,757; ‡1st Tiradores de Murcia, 813; ‡2nd
ditto, 124; ‡3rd Volunteers of Murcia, 1,151; ‡5th ditto, 1,077;
‡Florida-Blanca, 352; ‡3rd of Valencia (figures wanting;? 500)
Total 5,774

8. ANDALUSIAN RESERVES.

_Men._
*España (three batts.), 1,039; †Jerez, 574; †Malaga, 401;
†Ronda, 574; †Ecija, 589 Total 3,177

‡2nd of Seville, 500; ‡4th ditto, 433; ‡Cazadores of Malaga (one
batt.), 1,200; ‡Velez Malaga (three batts.), 2,400; ‡2nd of
Antequera (one batt.), 1,200; ‡Osuna (two batts.), 1,061 Total 6,794

In addition, the following regular regiments had each, as it would seem, left the _cadre_ of one battalion behind in Andalusia to recruit, before marching to the Ebro to join Castaños:--Africa, Burgos, Cantabria, Ceuta, Corona, Cordova, Murcia. What the total of their numbers may have been in November and December, it is impossible to say--perhaps 400 each may be allowed, giving a total of 2,800. Of cavalry regiments there must have been in existence in Andalusia the nucleus of the following new regiments:--‡Tejas; ‡Montañas de Cordova; ‡Granada. Their force was trifling--a single squadron, or at most two. If we give them 600 men in all, we shall probably be not far wrong. Several regular cavalry regiments had left the _cadre_ of one or two squadrons behind.

The existence of all these regiments in November--December can be proved. The 2nd and 4th of Seville reached Madrid in time to join in its defence against Napoleon, and then fled to join the Army of the Centre. The figures given are their January strengths, when they had already suffered severely. The Malaga regiment’s figure is from _Madrid Gazette_ of Nov. 29, recording its march out to Granada. The militia battalions Jerez, Malaga, Ronda, Ecija were all in existence in June, they did not march to the Ebro, and are found in the Army of the Centre in the spring of 1809. España was apparently in garrison at Ceuta, and only brought up to the front early in 1809. Velez Malaga, 2nd of Antequera, and Osuna are first heard of under Del Palacio in January, 1809. They must have been raised by December at the latest.

The total of the Andalusian reserves accounted for in this table is 13,371, but no such number could have been sent forward in December, as many of the battalions were not properly armed, much less uniformed. But some of the volunteers, all the militia, and the regular regiment España--perhaps 6,000 or 7,000 in all--should have been at Madrid by Dec. 1. Only 1,000 bayonets actually reached it before Napoleon’s arrival.

It would seem then that the second line of the Spanish Army consisted of something like the following numbers:--

_Men._
Army of Reserve of Madrid 12,118
Reding’s Granadan Divisions 15,000
Galician Reserves 3,610
Asturian Reserves 5,285
Estremaduran Reserves 4,608
Balearic Isles Reserves 3,360
Murcian and Valencian Reserves 5,774
Andalusian Reserves 13,371
Cavalry from Denmark, in march for Estremadura 2,252
------
Total 65,378

Some of the battalions (e.g. the Valencians and Murcians who went to Saragossa) must have been much stronger in December; on the other hand, others (e.g. the Estremadurans) are probably over-estimated: they showed no such figures as those given above, when they took the field early in 1809.

N.B.--In several armies, notably in those of Aragon and the Centre, there are doubtful points. It is impossible to speak with certainty of the number of battalions which some corps took to the front. It will be noted that all the numbers given are much larger than those attributed by Napier (i. 504) to the Spanish armies. I have worked from detailed official figures, the greater part of which seem perfectly trustworthy.

XII

THE FRENCH ARMY OF SPAIN

IN NOVEMBER, 1808.

N.B.--The distribution of the regiments is that of November. The detailed strength of the corps, however, comes from an October return, and there had been several changes at the end of that month.

1ST CORPS. Marshal VICTOR, Duke of Belluno.

1st Division (Ruffin):
9th Léger, three batts.
24th of the Line, three batts.
96th ” four batts.

2nd Division (Lapisse):
16th Léger, three batts.
8th of the Line, three batts.
45th ” three batts.
54th ” three batts.

3rd Division (Villatte):
27th Léger, three batts.
63rd of the Line, three batts.
94th ” three batts.
95th ” three batts.

Corps Cavalry (Brigade Beaumont):
2nd Hussars.
26th Chasseurs.

The gross total of this corps on Oct. 10 was 33,937 men, of whom 2,201 were detached, and 2,939 in hospital. The 4th Hussars, originally belonging to this corps, was transferred to the 3rd Corps by November.

2ND CORPS. Marshal BESSIÈRES: after Nov. 9, Marshal SOULT.

1st Division (Mouton, afterwards Merle):
2nd Léger, three batts.
4th ” three batts.
15th of the Line, three batts.
36th ” three batts.
[Garde de Paris, one batt.]

2nd Division (Merle, afterwards Mermet):
31st Léger, three batts.
47th of the Line, two batts.
70th ” one batt.
86th ” one batt.
1st Supply. Regt. }
of the Legions } = 122nd of the
of Reserve } Line, four batts.
2nd ditto }
2nd Swiss Regiment, one batt.
3rd ” ” one batt.

3rd Division (Bonnet):
13th Prov. Regt. } = 119th of the
14th ” } Line, four batts.

17th ” } = 120th of the
18th ” } Line, four batts.

Corps Cavalry (Division Lasalle):
9th Dragoons (transferred from Milhaud).
10th Chasseurs.
22nd ”

Lasalle, with the 9th Dragoons and 10th Chasseurs, was detached after Gamonal (Nov. 10) and replaced by Franceschi’s division. The corps received in January a reinforcement of twenty-two battalions from the dissolved 8th Corps, which formed two new divisions under Delaborde and Heudelet.

The gross total of this corps on Oct. 10 was 33,054 men, of whom 7,394 were detached and 5,536 in hospital.

3RD CORPS. Marshal MONCEY, Duke of Conegliano.

1st Division (Maurice Mathieu, afterwards Grandjean):
14th of the Line, four batts.
44th ” three batts.
70th ” one batt.
2nd of the Vistula, two batts.
3rd ” two batts.

2nd Division (Musnier):
1st Prov. Regt. } = 114th of the
2nd ” } Line, four batts.

3rd ” } = 115th of the
4th ” } Line, four batts.
[One Westphalian batt.]

3rd Division (Morlot):
5th Prov. Regt. { = 116th of the
{ Line, two batts.

9th ” } = 117th of the
10th ” } Line, four batts.
[One Prussian batt.]
[One Irish batt.]

4th Division (Grandjean):
5th Léger, three batts.
2nd Legion of Reserve, four batts.
1st of the Vistula, two batts.

Corps Cavalry (Brigade Wathier):
1st Provisional Cuirassiers (= 13th Cuirassiers).
1st Provisional Hussars.
2nd Provisional Light Cavalry (Hussars and Chasseurs).

Grandjean’s division (No. 4) was afterwards absorbed in Morlot’s [December], with the exception of the 1st of the Vistula, sent to join Musnier. The cavalry was afterwards strengthened by the 4th Hussars from the 1st Corps. The 121st of the Line (four batts.) arrived in December, and joined Morlot. The battalions in square brackets were left behind in the garrisons of Biscay and Navarre.

The gross total of the corps on Oct. 10 was 37,690 men, of whom 11,082 were detached in garrisons, &c. and 7,522 in hospital.

4TH CORPS. Marshal LEFEBVRE, Duke of Dantzig.

1st Division (Sebastiani):
28th of the Line, three batts.
32nd ” three batts.
58th ” three batts.
75th ” three batts.

2nd Division (Leval):
Nassau Contingent, two batts.
Baden ” two batts.
Hesse-Darmstadt ” two batts.
Frankfort ” one batt.
Dutch ” two batts.

3rd Division (Valence):
4th of the Vistula, two batts.
7th ” two batts.
9th ” two batts.

Corps Cavalry (Brigade Maupetit):
5th Dragoons.
3rd Dutch Hussars.
Westphalian _Chevaux-Légers_.

The gross total of this corps on Oct. 10 was 22,895 men, of whom 955 were detached and 2,170 in hospital.

5TH CORPS. Marshal MORTIER, Duke of Treviso.

1st Division (Suchet):
17th Léger, three batts.
34th of the Line, four batts.
40th ” three batts.
64th ” three batts.
88th ” three batts.

2nd Division (Gazan):
21st Léger, three batts.
28th ” three batts.
100th of the Line, three batts.
103rd ” three batts.

Corps Cavalry (Brigade Delaage):
10th Hussars.
21st Chasseurs.

The gross total of this corps on Oct. 10 was 24,552 men, of whom 188 were detached and 1,971 in hospital.

6TH CORPS. Marshal NEY, Duke of Elchingen.

1st Division (Marchand):
6th of the Line, three batts.
39th ” three batts.
69th ” three batts.
76th ” three batts.

2nd Division (Lagrange, afterwards Maurice Mathieu):
25th Léger, four batts.
27th of the Line, three batts.
50th ” four batts.
59th ” three batts.

Corps Cavalry (Brigade Colbert):
3rd Hussars.
15th Chasseurs.

The gross total on Oct. 10 was 38,033 men, of whom 3,381 were detached and 5,051 in hospital. This total, however, includes a division under Mermet, whose battalions were transferred to the 2nd and 3rd Corps, when the campaign began in November. The 6th Corps, including its cavalry and artillery, had probably not more than 20,000 net when it took the field in its final form.

7TH CORPS. General GOUVION ST. CYR.

1st Division (Chabran):
2nd of the Line, one batt.
7th ” two batts.
10th ” one batt.
37th ” one batt.
56th ” one batt.
93rd ” one batt.
2nd Swiss, one batt.

2nd Division (General Lecchi):
2nd Italian Line Regt., one batt.
4th ” ” one batt.
5th ” ” one batt.
Italian Chasseurs (_Velites_), one batt.
1st Neapolitan Line Regt., two batts.

3rd Division (Reille):
32nd Léger, one batt.
16th of the Line, one batt.
56th ” one batt.
113th ” two batts.
Prov. Regt. of Perpignan, four batts.
5th Legion of Reserve, one batt.
_Chasseurs des Montagnes_, one batt.
Battalion of the Valais, one batt.

4th Division (Souham):
1st Léger, three batts.
3rd ” one batt.
7th of the Line, two batts.
42nd ” three batts.
67th ” one batt.

5th Division (Pino):
1st Italian Light Regt., three batts.
2nd ” ” three batts.
4th Italian Line Regt., two batts.
5th ” ” one batt.
6th ” ” three batts.
7th ” ” one batt.

6th Division (Chabot):
2nd Neapolitan Line Regt., two batts.
Chasseurs of the Pyrénées Orientales, one batt.

Corps Cavalry:
Brigade Bessières:
3rd Provisional Cuirassiers.
3rd ” Chasseurs.

Brigade Schwartz:
Italian Chasseurs of the Prince Royal.
2nd Neapolitan Chasseurs.

Brigade Fontane:
Italian Royal Chasseurs.
7th Italian Dragoons.

Unattached Regiment:
24th Dragoons.

The gross total of this corps on Oct. 10 was 42,382 men, of whom 1,302 were detached and 4,948 in hospital. But this does not include several regiments which did not join St. Cyr from Italy till long after the date of the return. In January, 1809, he had 41,386 men present with the colours, and 6,589 in hospital, besides 543 prisoners. There had also been considerable losses in the fighting. Probably the corps in November--December was well over 50,000 strong.

8TH CORPS. General JUNOT, Duke of Abrantes.

Dissolved in December, 1808. The troops were drafted as follows:--

1st Division (Delaborde):
15th of the Line, one batt., drafted to join its regt. in Merle’s Div., 2nd Corps.
47th ” two batts. ” Mermet’s ”
70th ” three batts., received one more batt. from Mermet’s Div.
86th ” two batts. ” ” ”
4th Swiss, one batt.

This division, therefore, in January, 1809, consisted of four battalions 70th, three battalions 86th, and one battalion 4th Swiss. It was sent to join Soult, and strengthened by three battalions of the 17th Léger, thus having eleven battalions at Corunna.

2nd Division (Loison):
2nd Léger, one batt., drafted to join its regt. in Merle’s Div., 2nd Corps.
4th ” one batt. ” ” ” ”
12th ” one batt. ” ” Dessolles’ Div.
15th ” one batt.
32nd of the Line, one batt., drafted to join its regt. in Sebastiani’s Div., 4th Corps.
58th ” one batt. ” ” ” ”
2nd Swiss, one batt., drafted to join the batt. in Mermet’s Div., 2nd Corps.

The remaining battalion of this division, that of the 15th Léger, was drafted to join Heudelet’s Division, and became part of the 2nd Corps.

3rd Division (Heudelet):
31st Léger, one batt., drafted to join its regt. in Mermet’s Div. of 2nd Corps.
32nd ” one batt.
26th of the Line, two batts.
66th ” two batts.
82nd ” one batt.
_Légion du Midi_, one batt.
Hanoverian Legion, one batt.

N.B.--The last-named eight battalions, afterwards joined by one from Loison’s Division, were formed into the 4th Division of the 2nd Corps.

The whole corps cavalry of the 8th Corps was composed of provisional regiments, which were dissolved, and sent to join their units.

The 8th Corps on Oct. 10 had a gross total of 25,730 men, of whom 2,137 were detached, and 3,523 in hospital.

RESERVE.

(1) Independent Reserve Division (General DESSOLLES):
12th Léger, three batts.
43rd of the Line, three batts.
51st ” three batts.
55th ” three batts.

(2) Guards of the King of Spain (General SALIGNY):
Four battalions of Infantry.
One regiment of Cavalry.
(Two regiments, mainly Spanish deserters, were added in January.)

The total is confused in the return of Oct. 10 with that of the Imperial Guard, and includes also some regiments left in garrison in the north, e.g. the 118th of the Line; including these the Reserve amounted to 13,000 men.

RESERVE OF CAVALRY.

Division of Dragoons, LATOUR-MAUBOURG:
Brigades Oldenbourg, Perreimond, Digeon.
1st, 2nd, 4th, 14th, 20th, and 26th Dragoons.
The gross total of the division on Oct. 10 was 3,695 sabres.

Division of Dragoons, MILHAUD:
The 12th, 16th, and 21st Dragoons.

(The 5th and 9th Dragoons, originally belonging to this division, were transferred to Lefebvre and Lasalle respectively.)

The gross total of the division on Oct. 10 was 2,940 sabres, probably including one of the transferred regiments.

Division of Dragoons, LAHOUSSAYE:
Brigades D’Avenay and Marisy. (On D’Avenay being transferred to an
independent provisional brigade, Caulaincourt replaces him.)
17th, 18th, 19th, and 27th Dragoons.

The gross total of this division on Oct. 10 was 2,020 sabres.

Division of Dragoons, LORGES:
Brigades Vialannes and Fournier.
13th, 15th, 22nd, and 25th Dragoons.

The gross total of this division on Oct. 10 was 3,101 sabres.

Division of Dragoons, MILLET (KELLERMANN after Jan. 1809):
3rd, 6th, 10th, and 11th Dragoons.

The gross total of this division on Oct. 10 was 2,903 sabres.

Division of Light Cavalry, FRANCESCHI:
Brigades Debelle and Girardin (?).
8th Dragoons.
22nd _Chasseurs à Cheval_.
‘Supplementary Regiment’ of _Chasseurs à Cheval_.
Hanoverian _Chevaux-Légers_.

The Provisional Chasseurs were dissolved in Jan. 1809, and replaced by the 1st Hussars. The 22nd belonged to the original corps-cavalry of Soult.

The numbers of this division (which had not yet been put together on October 10) seem unobtainable, save that the 1st Hussars was 712 strong. Probably Franceschi’s total would be about 2,400 sabres.

IMPERIAL GUARD.

Infantry:

Two regiments of Grenadiers (four batts.), two regiments of Chasseurs (four batts.), two regiments of Fusiliers (six batts.).

Cavalry:

One regiment each of _Chasseurs à Cheval_, Grenadiers, Dragoons, _Gendarmes d’élite_, Polish Light Horse, one squadron of Mamelukes. 36 guns.

The total was about 8,000 infantry and 3,500 horse, with 600 gunners.

N.B.--A few late-coming regiments, and a few units not attached to any division, are not included in the above tables, e.g. the 118th, 121st, and 122nd Regiments of the Line, and the 27th Chasseurs. Nor are there included the dépôt of undistributed conscripts at Bayonne, nor the battalions of National Guards forming movable columns inside the French frontier. But the 19,371 artillery of the army are included in the corps, divisions, and brigades.

GROSS TOTAL OF THE WHOLE ON OCTOBER 10.

_Total._
_Detached._
_Hospital or missing._
_Effective present._

1st Corps 33,937 2,201 2,939 28,797
2nd Corps 33,054 7,394 5,536 20,124
3rd Corps 37,690 11,082 7,522 19,086
4th Corps 22,895 955 2,170 19,770
5th Corps 24,552 188 1,971 22,393
6th Corps 38,033 3,381 5,051 29,601
7th Corps 42,382 1,302 4,948 36,132
8th Corps 25,730 2,137 3,523 20,070
Reserve Cavalry 17,059 }
Imperial Guard 12,100 } 3,533 3,945 34,801
Reserve of Infantry }
(Dessolles, Joseph’s }
Guards, &c.) 13,120 }
Troops on the march }
from Germany not } 5,200 363 4,763
distributed to the }
corps }
Columns inside the }
French frontier } 8,860 107 165 8,588
(National Guards) }
------- ------ ------ -------
314,612 32,643 37,844 244,125

Exclusive of the dépôt of conscripts at Bayonne.

XIII

SIR JOHN MOORE’S ARMY:

ITS STRENGTH AND ITS LOSSES.

N.B.--The first column gives the strength of each of Baird’s regiments on Oct. 2, and of Moore’s regiments on Oct. 15, deducting from the latter men left behind in Portugal. The second column gives the men present with the colours on Dec. 19, but not those in hospital or ‘on command’ on that day. These last amounted on Dec. 19 to 3,938 and 1,687 respectively. The third column gives the numbers disembarked in England in January.

-----------------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------
| _Total | _Effective | _Disembarked|
|strength in | strength |in England in|_Deficiency._
|Oct. 1808._ | present on | Jan. 1809._ |
| | Dec. 19, | |
| | 1808._ | |
-----------------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------
Cavalry (Lord Paget).| | | |
7th Hussars | 672 | 497 | 575 | 97[751]
10th ” | 675 | 514 | 651 | 24
15th ” | 674 | 527 | 650 | 24
18th Light Dragoons | 624 | 565 | 547 | 77
3rd ” ” K.G.L. | 433 | 347 | 377 | 56
| ---- 3,078 | ---- 2,450 | ---- 2,800 | ---- 278
| | | |
1st Division (Sir | | | |
D. Baird). | | | |
Warde’s Brigade: | | | |
1st Foot Guards, | | | |
1st batt. | 1,340 | 1,300 | 1,266 | 74
” ” | | | |
2nd batt. | 1,102 | 1,027 | 1,036 | 66
| | | |
Bentinck’s Brigade: | | | |
4th Foot, 1st batt. | 889 | 754 | 740 | 149
42nd ” 1st batt. | 918 | 880 | 757 | 161
50th ” 1st batt. | 863 | 794 | 599 | 264
| | | |
Manningham’s Brigade:| | | |
1st Foot, 3rd batt. | 723 | 597 | 507 | 216
26th ” 1st batt. | 870 | 745 | 662 | 208
81st ” 2nd batt. | 719 | 615 | 478 | 241
| ---- 7,424| ---- 6,712 | ---- 6,045 | ---- 1,379
| | | |
2nd Division (Sir J. | | | |
Hope). | | | |
Leith’s Brigade: | | | |
51st Foot | 613 | 516 | 506 | 107
59th ” 2nd batt. | 640 | 557 | 497 | 143
76th ” | 784 | 654 | 614 | 170
Hill’s Brigade: | | |[Estimate][752]
2nd Foot | 666 | 616 | 461 | 205
5th ” 1st batt. | 893 | 833 | 654 | 239
14th ” 2nd batt. | 630 | 550 | 492 | 138
32nd ” 1st batt. | 806 | 756 | 619 | 187
|---- 5,032 | ---- 4,482 | ---- 3,843 | ---- 1,189
Catlin Crawfurd’s | | | |
Brigade: | | | |
36th Foot, 1st batt. | 804 | 736 | 561 | 243
71st ” 1st batt. | 764 | 724 | 626 | 138
92nd ” 1st batt. | 912 | 900 | 783 | 129
|---- 2,480 | ---- 2,360 | ---- 1,970 | ---- 510
| | | |
3rd Division | | | |
(Lt.-Gen. Fraser). | | | |
Beresford’s Brigade: | | | |
6th Foot, 1st batt. | 882 | 783 | 491 | 391
9th ” 1st batt. | 945 | 607 | 572 | 373
23rd ” 2nd batt. | 590 | 496 | 418 | 172
43rd ” 2nd batt. | 598 | 411 | 368 | 230
Fane’s Brigade: | | | |
38th Foot, 1st batt. | 900 | 823 | 757 | 143
79th ” 1st batt. | 932 | 838 | 777 | 155
82nd ” 1st batt. | 830 | 812 | 602 | 228
|---- 5,677 | ---- 4,770 | ---- 3,985 | ---- 1,692
| | | |
Reserve Division | | | |
(Maj.-Gen. E. Paget).| | | |
Anstruther’s Brigade:| | | |
20th Foot | 541 | 499 | 428 | 113
52nd ” 1st batt. | 862 | 828 | 719 | 143
95th ” 1st batt. | 863 | 820 | 706 | 157
Disney’s Brigade: | | | |
28th Foot, 1st batt. | 926 | 750 | 624 | 302
91st ” 1st batt. | 746 | 698 | 534 | 212
|---- 3,938 | ---- 3,595 | ---- 3,011 | ---- 927
| | | |
1st Flank-Brigade | | | |
(Col. R. Crawfurd).| | | |
43rd Foot, 1st batt. | 895 | 817 | 810 | 85
52nd ” 2nd batt. | 623 | 381 | 462 | 161
95th ” 2nd batt. | 744 | 702 | 648 | 96
|---- 2,262 | ---- 1,900 | ---- 1,920 | ---- 342
| | | |
2nd Flank-Brigade | | | |
(Brig.-Gen. C. Alten).| | | |
1st Lt. Batt. K.G.L. | 871 | 803 | 708 | 163[753]
2nd ” ” | 880 | 855 | 618 | 262[754]
|---- 1,751 | ---- 1,658 | ---- 1,326 | ---- 425
| | | |
Artillery, &c. | 1,455 | 1,297 | 1,200 | 255[755]
Staff Corps | 137 | 133 | 99 | 38
| ------ | ------ | ------ | ------
Total | 33,234 | 29,357 | 26,199 | 7,035

[751] Includes fifty-six men drowned on return voyage to England.

[752] The 76th Regiment failed to send in its disembarkation
return, so that its loss has to be averaged.

[753] Includes twenty-two men drowned on return voyage to England.

[754] Includes 187 men drowned on return voyage to England.

[755] Includes twenty-two drowned on return voyage to England,
and nine drowned in Corunna harbour.

It will be noted that if to the 29,357 of the second column there are added the 3,938 sick and the 1,687 men ‘on command,’ the gross total of the army on Dec. 19 must have been 34,982, a figure which exceeds that at the bottom of the first column. It would seem, therefore, that about 1,748 men in small detachments joined the army at Salamanca and elsewhere before Dec. 19. They must represent drafts and convoy-escorts coming up from Portugal. The apparent deficiency for the campaign therefore is 8,783. But it must not be supposed that these 8,783 men were all lost between Salamanca and Corunna: from them we must deduct (1) the 296 casualties by shipwreck while returning to England; (2) 589 rank and file who escaped individually to Portugal, and were then enrolled (along with the convalescent sick left behind by Moore’s regiments) in the two ‘battalions of detachments’ which fought at Talavera; (3) the number of sick discharged from Salamanca on to Portugal in the convoys escorted by the 5/60th and 3rd Regiments. I can nowhere find the number of these invalids stated, but it must have been large, as the total of the sick belonging to the whole army was nearly 4,000 in December. It will be a very modest estimate if we give 1,500 for those of them who were at Salamanca, the head quarters hospital of the army, and were capable of being moved back to Portugal.

We may therefore deduct under these three heads about 2,385 men. This figure taken from 8,783 leaves 6,398 for the real loss in the campaign.

But even from this total 400 more must be deducted, for 400 British convalescents were released by the Galician insurgents from French captivity and sent back to Lisbon in the spring of 1809. [‘Further papers relative to Spain and Portugal,’ p. 7 in _Parliamentary Papers_ for 1809.]

On the whole, then, about 5,998 men were actually lost. Napier’s estimate of 3,233 (i. 502) for the total loss is certainly too low. Of these 2,189 were prisoners sent to France. [Schepeler, ‘Table of prisoners sent to France, 1809-13’ on p. 150.] The remaining 3,809 perished in battle, by the road, or in hospital.

INDEX

Acevedo, general, commands division under Blake, 408;
wounded at Espinosa, 415;
murdered by the French, 426.

Acland, brigadier-general, arrives at Peniche, 241;
at Vimiero, 249-58;
gives evidence before the Court of Inquiry, 294.

Afrancesados, party of the, in Spain, 97.

Alagon, Palafox defeated at, 145.

Alcedo, general, governor of Corunna, surrenders to Soult, 596.

Alcolea, combat of, 129.

Alexander, Emperor of Russia,
his meeting with Napoleon at Erfurt, 377.

Andalusia, province of, rises against the French, 69;
its geography, 74, 80.

Anstruther, brigadier-general, arrives in Portugal, 248;
at Vimiero, 250-61;
in command at Almeida, 494;
dies at Corunna, 595.

Antonio, Don, brother of Charles IV,
appointed head of the Junta of Regency, 48;
goes to Bayonne, 62;
at Valençay, 56.

Army, the Spanish, its character and organization, 89-95:
_see_ also Tables and Appendices v, viii, &c.

Army of Spain, the French, character of the first, 103-7;
of the second, 107-13:
_see_ also Tables and Appendices vi, &c.

Artillery, the, of the Spanish army, 94, 95;
of the French army, 112;
tactics of the, 120-2.

Asturias, Prince of the: _see_ Ferdinand.

Asturias, province of the, declares war on France, 65;
sends emissaries to England, 66;
sends troops to Blake’s army, 382, 384.

Baget, Juan, leader of Catalan _miqueletes_, 318, 322, 328.

Baird, Sir David, general, lands at Corunna, 484, 491, 498;
advances to Astorga, 500;
joins Moore at Mayorga, 532;
wounded at Corunna, 584, 589.

Barcelona, treacherously seized by Duhesme, 36;
operations round, 302, 318.

Baylen, battle of, 187-92;
Convention of, 197-9;
text of the Convention, Appendix, 621-3.

Bayonne, French troops at, 6-12, 34;
treachery of Napoleon at, 51-6.

Beauharnais, Marquis of, French ambassador at Madrid,
his negotiations with Ferdinand, Prince of the Asturias, 19, 20;
refuses to acknowledge Ferdinand as King, 43, 46.

Belesta, general, joins Blake with his division, 208.

Belvedere, Conde de, defeated at Gamonal, 421-3.

Bembibre, the British at, 566.

Benavente, combat of, 549-51.

Bentinck, Lord William,
British military representative in Madrid, 365;
endeavours to get information from the Junta, 488;
his correspondence with Moore, 504;
at Corunna, 584.

Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste, marshal, Prince of Ponte Corvo,
in command on the Baltic, 368;
tricked by La Romana, 373.

Bessières, Jean Baptiste, marshal, Duke of Istria,
leads a _corps d’armée_ into Spain, 40;
his first operations, 125, 126;
operations in Northern Spain, 140, 142, 166-72;
victory at Medina de Rio Seco, 169-72;
represses rising in Biscay, 356;
superseded by Soult, 418;
pursues Infantado, 470.

Bessières, general, leads French cavalry in Catalonia, 309, 318.

Betanzos, the stragglers’ battle at, during Moore’s retreat, 579.

Bilbao, taken and sacked by Merlin, 356;
taken by Blake, 383;
taken by Lefebvre, 400.

Biscay, rising in, 355, 356.

Blake, Joachim, captain-general of the province of Galicia, 163;
his differences with Cuesta, 165;
defeated at Medina de Rio Seco, 168-72;
his operations in Biscay, 382, 384, 400;
defeated at Zornoza, 407;
at Valmaceda, 411;
at Espinosa, 413-6;
escapes into the Asturian hills, 427;
superseded by La Romana, 427.

Bonaparte, Joseph: _see_ Joseph Napoleon.

Bonaparte, Louis, King of Holland, refuses the crown of Spain, 46.

Bonnet, general, at Gamonal, 422;
occupies Santander, 429.

Bowes, general, B. F., commands brigade under Wellesley, 232;
at Roliça, 237;
at Vimiero, 249-59.

Brennier, general, at Roliça, 239;
at Vimiero, 253-9.

Burgos, taken and sacked by Napoleon, 424.

Burrard, Sir Harry,
second in command of British troops in Portugal, 226;
arrives at Maceira Bay, 250;
assumes command at Vimiero and refuses to advance, 260, 261;
joins in negotiations for the Convention of Cintra, 268;
summoned before the Court of Inquiry, 294.

Cabezon, combat of, 141.

Cacabellos, combat of, 567-9.

Caldagues, Count of, leader of Catalan levies, 327;
relieves Gerona, 328-30.

Canning, George, Foreign Secretary,
gives assistance to the Asturians, 66;
permits the embarkation of Dupont’s troops after Baylen, 202;
his speech on the Spanish insurrection, 222;
sends Robertson to La Romana, 371;
his replies to the Notes of France and Russia, 378, 379.

Caraffa, general, arrested by Junot, 208, 209;
released by Convention of Cintra, 273.

Carlos, Don, brother of Ferdinand VII,
sent to Bayonne to meet Napoleon, 47, 48;
confined at Valençay, 55.

Castaños, general, in command of Andalusian army, 127;
opposes Dupont at Andujar, 177;
receives capitulation of Dupont, 197;
marches on Madrid, 346;
commands the ‘Army of the Centre,’ 385-431;
defeated at Tudela, 441-4;
his retreat, 447-9;
superseded, 449.

Castelar, Marquis of, defends Madrid against Napoleon, 463-9.