Chapter III: Part 3

=Kobe=, Japan. 35N. 135E. Formerly an independent town, but united to Hiogo, 1892. (See Kipling's 'From Sea to Sea.')

=Kolar=, Mysore. 13N. 78E. Contains tomb of father of Hyder Ali. Given to Hyder Ali, 1761; captured by British, 1768; by Mahrattas, 1770; by British, 1791.

=Kondapalli=, Madras. 17N. 81E. F. c. 1360. Seized by Krishna Deva, c. 1515; by Aurungzebe, 1687; by British, 1766.

=Konieh=, Asia Minor. 38N. 33E. City in which Paul and Barnabas preached. Taken by Seljuks 1075; by Frederick Barbarossa, 1190; by Mohammed II., 1466. Mentioned by Xenophon in the 'Anabasis.'

=Kos=, Asia Minor. 37N. 27E. Site of famous temple of Æsculapius. Bp. of Hippocrates, Apelles, Philetas, Ariston. Theocritus also lived here.

=Kotagherry=, Madras. 11N. 77E. Res. of Sir R. Burton, described in 'Goa and the Blue Mountains.'

=Koum=, Persia. 29N. 56E. Celebrated place of pilgrimage and contains shrine of Fatima, sister of Reza. (See Montesquieu's 'Lettres Persanes.')

=Kuldja=, East Turkestan. 44N. 81E. City f. after destruction of Tatar Kulja, 1865; taken by Russians, 1871; restored to China, 1881.

=Kumarhatta=, Bengal. 24N. 89E. Bp. of poet Ram Prasad Sen.

=Kunnoj=, United Provs. 27N. 80E. Contains two Mohammedan mausoleums in memory of Bala Pir and his son, 1650. King of Kanauj conquered by Sultan of Delhi, 1193.

=Lahore=, Punjab. 32N. 74E. Taken by Mahmoud, 1013, 1021; by Mohammed the Gouride, 1186; plundered and destroyed by Moguls, 1241; rebuilt, 1269; conquered by Baber, 1522; by Sikhs, 1758; Sikhs defeated by British, 1846; became incorporated with British Empire, 1849. (See 'Purchas His Pilgrimes,' Kipling's 'Kim.')

=Lampsacus=, Asia Minor. 40N. 27E. Ancient centre of worship of Priapus. Bp. of Charon, Anaximenus, and Metrodorus.

=Lang-son=, Indo-China. 22N. 107E. Taken by the French under General de Négrier, 1885.

=Laswari=, Rajputana. 28N. 77E. Total defeat of Mahrattas by British, 1803. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.')

=Latakia=, Syria. 36N. 36E. Scene of Dolabella's last siege, 43 B.C.; taken by Tancred, 1102; by Saladin, 1188. Experienced severe earthquakes, 1170, 1287, 1822. (See Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte.')

=Lebanon, Mounts.=, Palestine. 34N. 36E. Mountain range mentioned in the Bible as famous for cedars. Visited by Lamartine, 1832. (See 'Voyage en Orient,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Syria and the Holy Land.')

=Leh=, Kashmir. 34N. 78E. Contains tomb of Stolitzka, the Austrian geologist, who died here, 1874.

=Leiah=, Punjab. 31N. 71E. F. by Kamal Khan, c. 1550; Humayun Shah captured near here, 1794.

=Lhasa= ('God's house'), Tibet. 31N. 91E. Sacred city of Lamas, containing famous statue of Buddha. Forbidden to European explorers, but has been entered several times. (See Little's 'Far East.')

=Liao-yang=, Manchuria. 41N. 123E. Japanese secured a victory over Russians, 1904. (See McKenzie's 'From Tokyo to Tiflis.')

=Ligor=, Siam. 8N. 100E. Taken by Burmese, 1760, 1785.

=Lohogarh=, Bombay. 19N. 73E. Mentioned by Ptolemy. Taken by Sivaji, 1648; by British, 1818.

=Lonar=, Berar. 20N. 77E. Scene of struggle between Lonasur and an incarnation of Vishnu.

=Lucknow=, United Provs. 27N. 81E. Contains mausoleum of Asaf-ud-Daula. Seized by Humayun, 1526; by Babar, 1528; native insurrection against British, 1857; recaptured by British, 1858. (See Mrs. F. A. Steel's 'On the Face of the Waters,' Kipling's 'Kim.')

=Macao=, China. 22N. 114E. Portuguese bought right to settle here, 1557; Chinese barricaded it from rest of island, 1573; occupied by British, 1802, 1808; port declared free, 1846. Camöens res. here in exile, and wrote part of his 'Lusiad.'

=Madakasira=, Madras. 14N. 77E. Captured by Mahrattas, 1728; by Hyder Ali, 1762; by Morari Rao, 1764; recaptured by Hyder Ali, 1776.

=Madras=, Madras. 13N. 80E. British established here, 1639; besieged by Aurungzebe's general, 1702; by the Mahrattas, 1741; Fort George f. by Francis Day, 1744; taken by French, 1746; recovered by British, 1748; San Thomé, Portuguese settlement, f. in 1504, annexed, 1749; unsuccessfully attacked by French under General Lally, 1758, 1759. Cathedral of Saint Thomé supposed to contain remains of Saint Thomas.

=Madura=, Madras, 10N. 78E. Taken by Malik Kafur, 1324; by Nawab of Carnatic, 1736; held by British for Mohammed Ali, 1764; ceded to British, 1801.

=Mahaban=, Bengal. 27N. 78E. Alleged scene of childhood of Krishna.

=Mahe=, Madras. 12N. 76E. Taken by French, 1722; by British, 1761, 1779, 1793; restored to French, 1815.

=Malatiyeh=, Asiatic Turkey. 38N. 38E. Khosros I. defeated by Romans, 577; taken by Bajazet, 1396; by Tamerlane, 1401. Polyeuctus martyred here; great massacre of Christians, 1895. (See Corneille's 'Polyeucte.')

=Mandalay=, Upper Burma. 22N. 96E. F. in 1859; became capital of Burma, 1878; occupied by British, 1885; partially destroyed by fire, 1892.

=Mandawar=, United Provs. 29N. 78E. Taken by Tamerlane, 1399; plundered by Amir Khan, 1805.

=Mangalore=, Madras. 13N. 75E. Visited by Ibn Batatu. Occupied by Portuguese, 1596; sustained terrible siege against Tippoo Sahib, 1782-3; taken by British, 1799.

=Manila=, Luzon. 15N. 121E. Capital of Philippine Islands; f. by Spaniard, Legazpi, 1571. Plundered by Chinese pirates, 1574; blockaded by Dutch, 1602; taken by British, 1762; Spanish fleet destroyed by Dewey off coast, 1898. Severe earthquakes, 1675, 1824, 1863.

=Manissa=, Asiatic Turkey. 39N. 27E. Ancient Magnesia, near which were supposed to be kingdom of Tantalulus, and scene of Niobe's sorrow. Antiochus the Great defeated by Romans, 190 B.C.; city occupied by Osman Turks, 1398.

=Maraglak=, Persia. 37N. 46E. Contains tomb of Hulaka Khan, and remains of observatory built by him for the great astronomer, Nasr-ud-din of Tus.

=Masulipatam=, Madras. 16N. 81E. British settled here, 1611; successfully stormed by Colonel Forde, 1759. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India,' 'Purchas His Pilgrimes.')

=Matsuye=, Japan. 36N. 133E. Former capital of Idzumo, and contains numerous temples. (See Lafcadio Hearn's 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.')

=Mecca=, Arabia. 21N. 40E. Bp. of Mohammed, c. 570. Contains the Kaaba, said to be built by Abraham and Ishmael with help from Angel Gabriel. Taken by Wahabis, 1803, 1807; by Mehemet Ali, 1813. (See Sir R. Burton's 'Wanderings in Three Continents' and 'Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah,' Hakluyt's 'Voyages,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Arabia.')

=Medina= ('the city'), Arabia. 25N. 40E. Sacred city of Islam, whence Mohammed fled from Mecca, 622; contains tomb supposed to hold remains of the prophet, his daughter Fatima, Abu Bekr, and Omar. Forbidden city to all not Mohammedans, but visited by Burckhardt, 1811; Burton, 1852. (See Sir R. Burton's 'Wanderings in Three Continents' and 'Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Arabia.')

=Meerut=, United Provs. 29N. 78E. Plundered by Mahmud of Ghazni, 1017; by Tamerlane, 1399; taken by British, 1803; first outbreak of Indian Mutiny, 1857.

=Megiddo=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Ancient city of Syria. Mentioned in Bible as being fortified by Solomon; refuge of Ahaziah fleeing from Jehu, 843 B.C.; Necho overcame Josiah, c. 609 B.C.

=Menderes=, Asia Minor. 38N. 28E. Said to be ancient Scamander, flowing past Troy, and sung of by Homer.

=Merta=, Rajputana. 27N. 74E. F. by Duda, c. 1488. Captured by Akbar, 1562.

=Merv=, Turkestan. 38N. 62E. Colonised by Alexander the Great, occupied by Arabs, 666; taken by Mongols, 1221; by Bokharians from Persians, 1787; occupied by Tekke-Turkomans, 1856; under Russian authority, 1884.

=Meshed=, Persia. 36N. 59E. Contains magnificent mausoleum of Imam Riza and Caliph Haroun-al-Raschid.

=Meshed Ali=, Asiatic Turkey. 32N. 44E. Contains tomb of Ali.

=Miana=, Persia. 37N. 47E. The French traveller, Thévenot, died here, 1667.

=Miani=, Sind. 26N. 68E. Sir Charles Napier twice defeated Mohammedan emirs, 1843.

=Michmash=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Mentioned by Josephus and Eusebius, and in the Old Testament as the camping-place of the Philistines in the early part of reign of Saul.

=Midagesidurga=, Madras. 14N. 77E. Seized by Hyder Ali, 1761; by Mahrattas, 1767; by Tippoo Sahib, 1774.

=Miletus=, Asia Minor. 38N. 27E. Cyrus defeated, 548 B.C.; city destroyed by Persians, 494 B.C. Res. of St. Paul for several days. Bp. of historians Cadmus and Hecatæus, philosophers Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes; also of poet Timothy, of Aristides, Æschines, and Aspasia.

=Mionoseki=, Japan. 36N. 132E. Described by Lafcadio Hearn in 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.'

=Mityleni=, Asiatic Turkey. 39N. 27E. Rebellion crushed by Athenians, 428 B.C.; ceded to Genoese family, 1355; taken by Mohammed II., 1462; unsuccessful rebellion against Turks, 1468; Venetian naval victories over Turks, 1690, 1698; Greek victory, 1821. Bp. of Sappho, Alcæus, Terpander, and Theophrastus; place of retirement of Agrippa.

=Monghyr=, Bengal. 25N. 86E. Taken by Mohammedans, 1195; became res. of Todar Mal, 1590; taken by British from Nawab Mir Kasim, 1763.

=Mosul=, Asiatic Turkey. 36N. 43E. Taken by Moslems, 636; stormed by Saladin, 1182; occupied by Persians, 1623; unsuccessfully besieged by Nadir Shah, 1741.

=Mukden=, Manchuria. 42N. 124E. Contains relics of Nurhachu, and near town is his tomb. Boxer outbreak, 1900; in Russo-Japanese War, Russians defeated and Japanese occupied Mukden, 1905. (See Père Amiot for French translation of Emperor K'ien Lung's poem 'En Mukden.')

=Multan=, Punjab. 30N. 71E. Contains tombs of Rukn-i-Alam, Bhawal Hakk and Shams-i-Tabriz. Mahmud of Ghazni took it, 1005; Ranjit Singh, 1818; British, in Sikh War, 1849.

=Murshidabad=, Bengal. 24N. 88E. Contains tomb of Jagath Singh. Last Mohammedan capital of Bengal; plundered by Mahrattas, 1742; entered by Clive, 1757; Warren Hastings removed civil and criminal courts to Calcutta, 1772.

=Muscat=, Arabia. 24N. 59E. Occupied by Albuquerque, 1507; besieged by Imam of Oman, 1648; Portuguese expelled by Oman, 1650.

=Mush=, Asiatic Turkey. 39N. 42E. Turks massacred Armenians, 1894. Visited by Xenophon, and supposed burial-place of Moses of Chorene.

=Muttra=, United Provs. 27N. 78E. Contains ruins of Jey Singh's observatory and of Akbar's fort. Supposed bp. of Krishna, whose childhood was spent here, and Balarama. Pillaged by Mahmud of Ghazni, 1017; taken by British, 1803; Sepoys murdered British officers, 1857.

=Nabadwip=, Bengal. 23N. 88E. Bp. of Chaitanya, supposed to be incarnation of Krishna; res. of Nityananda, Vasudeb, and Raghumath.

=Nabulus=, Palestine. 32N. 33E. On site of ancient Shechem mentioned in biblical history; later was rebuilt as Neapolis by Vespasian. (See Kinglake's 'Eothen,' Mark Twain's 'New Pilgrim's Progress,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte.')

=Nagar= ('the city'), Madras. 14N. 75E. Captured by Hyder Ali, 1763; taken by British, 1783.

=Nagasaki=, Japan. 33N. 130E. Scene of Pierre Loti's 'Madame Chrysanthème.' (See also Kipling's 'From Sea to Sea,' Little's 'Far East.')

=Nagpur= ('town of serpents'), Central Provs. 21N. 79E. Former capital of Mahratta principality, crushed by British, 1817.

=Nain=, Palestine. 33N. 35E. Scene of Christ's miracle of raising from the dead the widow's son. (See Mark Twain's 'New Pilgrim's Progress.')

=Najibabad=, United Provs. 30N. 78E. F. by Najib-ud-dowlah, 1755. Destroyed by Mahrattas, 1772.

=Nakhitchevan=, Asiatic Russia. 40N. 45E. Said to be oldest city in world, f. by Noah. Taken by Seljuk Sultan, 1064; ceded to Russia by Persia, 1828.

=Nandidrug=, Madras. 13N. 78E. Captured by Lord Cornwallis, 1791.

=Nan-king= ('southern capital'), China. 32N. 119E. Treaty which ended Opium War signed, 1842; city taken by Taipings, 1853; by Imperialists, 1864. (See 'Purchas His Pilgrimes,' Little's 'Far East.')

=Nannur=, Bengal. 24N. 88E. Bp. of Chandidas, the poet.

=Narnaul=, Punjab. 28N. 76E. Said to have been f. by Rajah Launkarn, and to be bp. of Sher Shah.

=Nasik=, Bombay. 20N. 74E. Noted for Lena caves with Buddhistic sculptures. Here, according to the 'Ramayana,' Ravana carried away Siva, Rama's wife.

=Nazareth=, Palestine. 33N. 35E. Res. of the Virgin Mary and of Christ; Church of Annunciation f., c. 1620. Town captured by Moslems, 1291; Junot vanquished combined army of Turks and Arabs, 1799. (See Kinglake's 'Eothen,' Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book.')

=Negapatam=, Madras. 11N. 80E. Conquered by Dutch, 1660; by British, 1781. (See 'Purchas His Pilgrimes.')

=Nehavend=, Persia. 34N. 48E. Great victory of Saracens which brought Persia under their sway, 641.

=Nellore=, Madras. 14N. 80E. Ancient fort of Sinhapur, 'the lion city;' repulsed British, 1757.

=Nertchinsk=, Siberia. 52N. 117E. Treaty signed between Russians and Chinese, 1689. (See Fraser's 'Real Siberia.')

=Nicæa= ('city of victory'), Asia Minor. 40N. 30E. F. by Antigonus, c. 316 B.C. Taken by Seljuks, 1078; by Crusaders, 1097; by the Osmanlis, 1326. Bp. of historian Dion Cassius and astronomer Hipparchus. Council met, 325.

=Nicomedia=, Asiatic Turkey. 41N. 30E. F. by Nicomedes I., 264 B.C.; contains ruins of which Pliny the Younger boasted. Bp. of Arrian; res. of Diocletian, and of Constantine who died here; scene of Hannibal's suicide.

=Nicosia=, Cyprus. 35N. 33E. Capital of Cyprus since time of Lusignan kings. Taken by Richard Coeur de Lion, 1191; besieged by Turks, 1570.

=Nikaria=, Asiatic Turkey. 38N. 26E. Island near which it is fabled Icarus met his death.

=Nikko= ('sun's brightness'), Japan. 37N. 140E. Contains tomb of Iyeyasu, 1617; and that of his grandson, Iyemitsu, slain while visiting tomb of Iyeyasu, 1650. (See Kipling's 'From Sea to Sea.')

=Nineveh=, Asiatic Turkey. 36N. 43E. Said to have been f. c. 2680 B.C.; enlarged by Ninus, 1968 B.C. Conquered by Arbaces, 759 B.C.; by Nabopolassar, 625 B.C.; destroyed by Medes and Babylonians, c. 607 B.C. Excavations by Botta, 1842; Layard, 1845; also by Hormuzd Rassam and George Smith. Tobit said to have died here. (See 'Apocrypha.')

=Ning-po= ('calm waves'), China. 30N. 121E. Occupied by Portuguese, 1522; Portuguese massacred, 1545; taken by British, 1842. (See 'Travels of Marco Polo.')

=Nishapur=, Persia. 36N. 59E. Famous as bp. of Omar Khayyam, whose tomb is also here. Res. of Nidhami-i-Arudi.

=Nisib=, Asiatic Turkey. 37N. 38E. Turks defeated by Egyptians under Ibrahim Pasha, 1839.

=Nisibin=, Asiatic Turkey. 37N. 41E. Captured by Parthians, 149 B.C.; by Lucullus, 68 B.C.; by Trajan, 116; by Lucius Verus, 165; given to Persians by Jovian, 363.

=Oki Shima=, Japan. 36N. 133E. An island off the west coast of Houdo, fully described by Lafcadio Hearn in 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.'

=Omsk=, Asiatic Russia. 55N. 74E. Capital of Akmolinsk. (See Fraser's 'Real Siberia.')

=Ophir, Mount=, Malay Peninsula. 2N. 103E. Gold-producing mountain often identified with the Ophir of the Bible. (See 'Purchas His Pilgrimes.')

=Opon=, Philippine Islands. 11N. 124E. Magellan killed here by natives, 1521.

=Ormuz=, Persia. 27N. 56E. Visited by Nearchus, 325 B.C. Captured by Albuquerque, 1507, 1514; by Shah Abbas and British, 1622. (See 'Purchas His Pilgrimes,' 'Travels of Marco Polo,' Hakluyt's 'Voyages.')

=Osaka=, Japan. 35N. 136E. F. by Rennio Shonin, 1495; captured by Hideyoshi, 1580; castle secured by Iyeyasu, 1615; burnt by Tokugawa retainers, 1868. (See Lafcadio Hearn's 'Out of the East,' Diosy's 'New Far East,' Kipling's 'From Sea to Sea.')

=Padang=, Sumatra. 1S. 100E. First Dutch settlement in Sumatra, 1666; captured by British, 1781; surrendered to Dutch, 1783; recaptured, 1794; yielded to Dutch, 1814.

=Padmanabham=, Madras. 18N. 83E. British defeated and killed Rajah of Vizianagram, 1794.

=Pakpatan= ('the holy ferry'), Punjab. 30N. 73E. Contains tomb of saint Farid-ul-Hakkwa-ud-din. Visited by Ibn Batuta; in subjection to Tamerlane, 1398.

=Palakkat=, Madras. 11N. 77E. Fort f. by Hyder Ali taken by British, 1768.

=Palembang=, Sumatra. 3S. 105E. Visited by Marco Polo, and contains an alleged tomb of Alexander the Great. Taken by British, 1812; by Dutch, 1821.

=Palmyra= ('city of palms'), Syria. 34N. 39E. Supposed to have been f. by Solomon; rebuilt by Hadrian, 130; Queen Zenobia conquered by Aurelian, 273; city taken by Arabs, 634; pillaged by Tamerlane, 1401. (See Burton's 'Wanderings in Three Continents,' Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte.')

=Pandavgarh=, Bombay. 18N. 74E. Seized by Sivaji, 1673; by Aurungzebe, 1701; by British, 1818.

=Pandharpur=, Bombay. 18N. 75E. Contains famous temple of Vishnu incarnation.

=Pandua=, Bengal. 25N. 88E. Bp. of poet Bharat Chandra Rai. Contains tombs of Jalal-ud-din Tabrizi and of Mir Kutb Alam.

=Panipat=, Punjab. 29N. 77E. Afghans under Ibrahim Lodi defeated by Mogols under Baber, 1526; Afghans under Hermu defeated by Akbar, 1556; Ahmed Shah conquered Mahrattas, 1761.

=Panjim=, Bombay. 15N. 74E. (See Sir Richard Burton's 'Goa and the Blue Mountains.')

=Paphos=, Cyprus. 35N. 32E. Scene of conversion of Sergius Paulus by Saint Paul. Famous for worship of Aphrodite and scene of story of Pygmalion.

=Pasargada=, Persia. 30N. 53E. Ancient capital of Persia; said to have been f. by Cyrus, c. 555 B.C. Alleged tomb of Cyrus in vicinity.

=Patan=, Baroda. 24N. 72E. F. by Vanarajah, c. 746. Conquered by Mahmoud of Ghazni, 1024; by Ulugh Khan, 1298. Contains many Jain temples and has fine collection of Jain MSS.

=Patna=, Bengal. 26N. 85E. Buddha said to have assisted in foundation of city; mentioned by Strabo, Pliny, and Arrian; contains shrine of Shah Arzani. Entered by Clive, 1759; captured by Major Adam, 1761; massacre of British, 1763; conspiracy of Sepoys, 1857; of Wahabis, 1864.

=Pegu=, Burma. 18N. 96E. Destroyed by Alompra, 1757; occupied by British, 1852.

=Peking= ('the northern capital'), China. 40N. 116E. Seized by Ghengis Khan, 1215; res. of Kubla Khan, 1264; occupied by British and French, 1860; by British and Americans in Boxer rising, 1900. (See Little's 'Far East.')

=Penukonda=, Madras. 14N. 78E. Res. of Krishna Deva. Seized by Hyder Ali, 1762.

=Perambakkam=, Madras. 13N. 80E. Hyder Ali overcame British, 1780.

=Petra=, Syria. 30N. 36E. Mentioned by Strabo and Pliny, and probably Sela of the Bible. (See Doughty's 'Travels in Arabia Deserta,' Whittier's '"The Rock" in El Ghor.')

=Petropavlovsk=, Kamtchatka. 53N. 159E. French and British allies engaged in naval battle with Russians under Muravieff, 1854.

=Phyeng-yang=, Korea. 39N. 126E. Japanese won a victory over Chinese, 1894. (See Diosy's 'New Far East,' McKenzie's 'From Tokyo to Tiflis.')

=Pinjaur=, Punjab. 31N. 77E. Besieged by Patiala, 1769; taken by Bourquin, 1793.

=Plassy=, Bengal. 24N. 88E. Siraj-ud-Daula suffered great defeat at hands of Clive, 1757. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.')

=Pollanarrua=, Ceylon. 8N. 82E. Capital of Ceylon, 769; taken by Malabars, c. 1204.

=Pondicherri=, Madras. 12N. 80E. First French settlement, 1674; taken by Dutch, 1693; unsuccessfully besieged by Admiral Boscawen, 1748; taken by Eyre Coote, 1761; restored to French, 1763; recaptured by Sir Hector Monro, 1778; restored, 1783; retaken by British, 1793; finally restored to French, 1816.

=Poona=, Bombay. 19N. 74E. Destroyed by Nizam Ali, 1763; captured by British, 1818.

=Port Arthur=, Manchuria. 39N. 121E. Fortified by Chinese, 1891; seized by Japanese, 1894; leased to Russia, 1898; besieged during Russo-Japanese War, 1904; surrendered to Japanese, 1905. (See Diosy's 'New Far East.')

=Porto Novo=, Madras. 11N. 80E. Occupied by Danes and English, 1682; Sir Eyre Coote defeated Hyder Ali, 1781; ceded to British by Dutch, 1823. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.')

=Pratapgarh=, Bombay. 18N. 74E. Res. of Sivaji, and scene of his murder of Afzal Khan, 1659.

=Priene=, Asia Minor. 38N. 27E. One of twelve cities of Ionian League, supposed to have been f. by Æpytus. Bp. of Bias and Achelaus.

=Prome=, Burma. 19N. 95E. Captured by British, 1825, 1852; partially destroyed by fire, 1856.

=Pulicat=, Madras. 13N. 80E. Occupied by Dutch, 1609; conquered by British, 1781; ceded to Dutch, 1818; to British, 1825.

=Punna=, Rajputana. 25N. 80E. Besieged by Sikander Lodi, 1494; taken by Ram Chandra Deo, 1563. Here Pran Nath is held sacred, and his tomb exists.

=Puri=, Bengal. 20N. 86E. Contained Gold Tooth of the Buddha for many centuries; now famous for the temple of Vishnu in his incarnation of Juggernaut.

=Quilon=, Madras. 9N. 77E. Visited by Marco Polo; Portuguese residents defeated by Dutch, 1662.

=Radhanagar=, Bengal. 23N. 88E. Bp. of Ram Mohan Rai, first writer of Bengali prose.

=Rahun=, Punjab. 31N. 76E. Believed to have been f. by Rajah Raghab. Taken by Tara Singh, 1759.

=Rajgir=, Bengal. 25N. 85E. Visited by Fa Hian and Hiuen Tsiang. Identified with Rajagriha, res. of Buddha. (See Sir Edwin Arnold's 'Light of Asia.')

=Rajpur= ('the royal town'), United Provs. 30N. 78E. Scene of story entitled 'The Potter's Thumb,' by Mrs. Flora Annie Steel.

=Ramleh=, Syria. 32N. 35E. Visited by W. M. Thomson, and described in 'The Land and the Book.' (See Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte.')

=Ramnad=, Madras. 9N. 79E. Captured by British, 1772.

=Ramnagar=, Punjab. 32N. 74E. Besieged by Ranjit Singh, 1795; Lord Gough defeated Sikhs, 1848.

=Rangoon= ('the end of the war'), Burma. 17N. 96E. F. as Dagon, c. 588 B.C.; rebuilt by Alompra, 1755; captured by British, 1824, 1852. (See Kipling's 'From Sea to Sea.')

=Ranibennur=, Bombay. 15N. 76E. Seized by Colonel Wellesley, 1800; occupied by British, 1818.

=Rattihalli=, Bombay. 14N. 76E. Defeat of Hyder Ali by Mahrattas, 1764.

=Rawal Pindi=, Punjab. 34N. 73E. Scene of surrender of Sikhs after Sir Hugh Gough's defeat at Gujrat, 1849.

=Rhodes=, Asia Minor. 36N. 28E. F. in 408 B.C. Citizens massacred by Cassius, 42 B.C.; held by knights of St. John of Jerusalem, 1309; besieged by Mohammed II., 1480; taken by Solyman the Magnificent, 1522. Bp. of Panaetius, Stratocles, Andronicus, Eudemus, Hieronymus, Pisander, Simmias, and Aristides. Res. of Apollonius Rhodius and Posidionius. (See Hakluyt's 'Voyages.')

=Rohanked=, Berar. 21N. 76E. Nasir Khan defeated, 1437; Jamal Khan here slain in battle, 1590.

=Rohtak=, Punjab. 29N. 77E. Scene of murder of Kai Khusru, c. 1286; besieged by Khizr Khan, 1410.

=Rungpur= ('abode of bliss'), Bengal. 26N. 89E. Alleged res. of Rajah Bhagadatta. Taken by British, 1765.

=Sabraon=, Punjab. 31N. 75E. First Sikh War ended by Sir Hugh Gough's defeat of Sikhs, 1846. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.')

=Safed=, Palestine. 33N. 36E. Believed by Jews Messiah will make city his capital. Scene of siege of Holophernes and murder of Judith. Bp. of Tobias. Castle f. by Christians, 1140; taken by Saladin, 1189; destroyed by Sultan of Damascus, 1220; rebuilt by Templars, 1240; destroyed by Bibars of Egypt, 1266. (See Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte.')

=Sagandari=, Bengal. 23N. 89E. Bp. of Madhu Sudan Datta, writer of 'Meghanad-Badh' and 'Krishna Kumari.'

=Saigon=, Cochin-China. 11N. 107E. Captured by French, 1858. (See Little's 'Far East.')

=St. Thomé=, Madras. 13N. 80E. Suburb of Madras; scene of victory of French under Paradis over Maphuz Khan, 1746. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.')

=Salem=, Madras. 12N. 78E. Seized by British, 1768; ceded to British by treaty of Seringapatam, 1792.

=Samana=, Punjab. 30N. 76E. Conquered by Mohammed of Ghor, 1192; by Banda Bairagi, 1708.

=Samaria=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. F. by Omri, 912 B.C.; captured by Sargon, 722 B.C.; by Alexander the Great, 331 B.C.; by Antiochus the Great, 203 B.C.; by John Hyrcanus, 120 B.C.; given by Augustus to Herod the Great.

=Samarkand=, Turkestan. 40N. 67E. Bp. of Nidhami-i-Arudi, author of 'Chahar Maqala.' Ancient city destroyed by Alexander the Great, 329 B.C.; conquered by Kotaiba ibn Moslim, 711; by Genghis Khan, 1220; by Amir of Bokhara, 1504; by Russians, 1868. Contains mosque of Shah-Zindeh, and tomb of Tamerlane. Bp. of Aboul-Mansour-Matoudiri. (See 'Travels of Marco Polo.')

=Sambhal=, United Provs. 29N. 79E. Bp. of Amir Khan.

=Samiaveram=, Madras. 11N. 78E. Occupied by Clive, 1752.

=Samsat=, Asiatic Turkey. 38N. 39E. Bp. of Bishop Paul of Samosata and of Lucian.

=Sana=, Arabia. 15N. 45E. Capital of Yemen, captured by Turks, 1872.

=San-de-pu=, Manchuria. 42N. 123E. Unsuccessfully attacked by Russians under General Grippenberg, 1904.

=Sanjan=, Bombay. 20N. 73E. Visited by Polish scholar, Hove, 1787. Taken by Portuguese, 1534.

=Sante Bennur=, Madras. 14N. 76E. Taken by Hyder Ali, 1761; by Mahrattas, 1791.

=Santipur=, Bengal. 23N. 88E. Res. of Chaitanya, and bp. of Adyaita.

=Sarafand=, Syria. 33N. 35E. Ancient city, known in the Bible as Zareptath. (See Thomson's 'Land and the Book.')

=Sardhana=, United Provs. 29N. 78E. Celebrated as res. of Begam Sumru.

=Sardis=, Asia Minor. 39N. 28E. Occupied by Cyrus, 548 B.C.; burned by Ionians, c. 409 B.C.; destroyed by Tamerlane, 1402. Mentioned by Æschylus and Herodotus; res. of Xerxes; contains ruins of temple of Cybele and tomb of Alyattes.

=Sasseram= ('one thousand toys'), Bengal. 25N. 84E. Contains tombs of Sher Shah and his father.

=Satyamangalam=, Madras. 11N. 77E. Taken by Hyder Ali, 1768; by Tippoo Sahib, 1790.

=Savandurga=, Madras. 13N. 77E. Captured by Lord Cornwallis, 1791.

=Selefke=, Asiatic Turkey. 36N. 34E. F. by Seleucus Nicator; bp. of Xenarchus.

=Seleucia Pieria=, Asia Minor. 36N. 36E. F. by Seleucus Nicator; captured by Ptolemy Euergetes, 246 B.C.; by Antiochus the Great, 219 B.C.

=Seoul=, Korea. 38N. 127E. Capital of Korea since 1392. Contains fine temple of Confucius. (See Diosy's 'New Far East,' McKenzie's 'From Tokyo to Tiflis,' Little's 'Far East.')

=Sephora=, Palestine. 33N. 35E. Mentioned in the Bible; visited by Lamartine, 1832.

=Seringapatam= ('city of Vishnu'), Mysore. 12N. 77E. Besieged by Lord Cornwallis, 1792; taken by British and Tippoo Sahib killed, 1799. Contains ancient temple of Vishnu, and tombs of Hyder Ali and Tippoo Sahib.

=Seroda=, Bombay. 15N. 74E. Res. of Sir R. Burton; described in 'Goa and the Blue Mountains.'

=Sha River=, Manchuria. 42N. 123E. Russians under General Kuropatkin conquered by Japanese, 1904.

=Shahabad=, United Provs. 28N. 80E. F. by Diler Khan, whose tomb is here, 1677; visited by Bishop Heber, 1824.

=Shang-hai= ('above the sea'), China. 31N. 121E. Taken by Triads, 1853; occupied by British and French, 1860. (See Little's 'Far East.')

=Shehr=, Arabia. 15N. 50E. City described in 'Travels of Marco Polo' as Escier.

=Shehr-i-Sebz=, Turkestan. 39N. 67E. F. on site of Kesh, bp. of Tamerlane.

=Shimoga=, Madras. 14N. 76E. Captured by Mahrattas, 1798; destroyed by Dhundia Wagh, 1799.

=Shimonosoki=, Japan. 34N. 131E. Bombarded by American, British, Dutch, and French fleet, 1864; treaty signed here, 1895. (See McKenzie's 'From Tokyo to Tiflis,' Little's 'Far East.')

=Shiraz=, Persia. 30N. 53E. F. c. 697; capital of Persia, 1760. Near by are tombs of Saadi and Hafiz.

=Shivner=, Bombay. 19N. 74E. Bp. of Sivaji.

=Sholapur=, Bombay. 18N. 76E. The Baji Rao suffered defeat at hands of British, 1818.

=Shwebo=, Upper Burma. 23N. 96E. Bp. of Maung Aung Zeya.

=Sidon=, Syria. 34N. 35E. Taken by Crusaders, 1110; by Saladin, 1187; recaptured by Crusaders, 1197; destroyed by Mongols, 1260; captured by Mussulmans, 1291; bombarded by Napier, 1840; persecution of Christians, 1860. (See Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte.')

=Sikandarabad=, United Provs. 28N. 78E. F. by Sikandar Lodi, 1498; suffered during Mutiny, 1857.

=Sikandra=, United Provs. 27N. 78E. Res. of Sikandar Lodi, and contains tomb of Akbar.

=Siloam=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Pool near Jerusalem mentioned in the Bible. (See Mark Twain's 'New Pilgrim's Progress,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book.')

=Simla=, Punjab. 31N. 77E. Fashionable health-resort of Europeans in India, frequently the scene of Kipling's stories, e.g., 'Under the Deodars,' 'The Phantom 'Rickshaw.'

=Sinai, Mount=, Arabia Petræa. 28N. 34E. Mentioned in the Bible as the mountain on which God revealed himself to Moses. (See Flinders Petrie's 'Researches in Sinai,' also 'Purchas His Pilgrimes,' Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Syria and the Holy Land.')

=Singapore=, Malay Peninsula. 1N. 104E. F. by Sir Stamford Raffles, 1819; ceded to British by Sultan of Johore, =1824=. (See Kipling's 'From Sea to Sea.')

=Singarh= ('lion's fort'), Bombay. 18N. 74E. Taken by Sivaji, 1647; by Tanaji Malusre, 1670; by British, 1818.

=Singi=, Bengal. 28N. 81E. Bp. of Kasiram Das, translator into Bengali of 'Mahabharata.' (See R. C. Dutt's 'Lit. of Bengal.')

=Sinhur=, Rajputana. 23N. 77E. Jaswaut Rao here attacked Captain Jean Baptiste Filose, 1814.

=Sinope=, Asia Minor. 42N. 35E. F. by Ionians of Miletus, 630 B.C.; unsuccessfully attacked by Mithradates IV., 220 B.C.; captured by Pharnaces, 183 B.C.; by Lucullus, 70 B.C.; fleet and town partially destroyed by Russians, 1853. Bp. of Diogenes.

=Sira=, Madras. 14N. 77E. Taken by Mahrattas, 1757; by Hyder Ali; recaptured by Mahrattas, 1766; by Tippoo Sahib, 1774.

=Sirhind=, Punjab. 31N. 76E. Sarang Khan overcome by Khizr Khan, 1420; Bazid Khan killed by Banda Bairagi, 1708.

=Sivas=, Asiatic Turkey. 40N. 37E. Destroyed by Tamerlane, 1400.

=Skutari=, Asia Minor. 41N. 29E. Scene of Florence Nightingale's activities during Crimean War, 1854-6; destroyed by fire, 1872.

=Smyrna=, Asia Minor. 38N. 27E. Ancient city celebrated by Pindar, Aristides, and Himerius, containing famous relics of Homer. Destroyed by Alyattes, c. 575 B.C.; rebuilt by Antigonus and Lysimachus, but suffered from earthquake, 179; seized by Turks, 1084; conquered by Aidin, c. 1330; by Tamerlane, 1402. (See Kinglake's 'Eothen,' Twain's 'New Pilgrim's Progress,' Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient,' Montesquieu's 'Lettres Persanes.')

=Sohar=, Arabia. 24N. 57E. Visited by Marco Polo and Ibn Batatu. Occupied by Portuguese, 1508.

=Somnath=, Bombay. 21N. 70E. Pillaged by Mahmud of Ghazni, 1025. Alleged place in which Krishna died.

=Sopara=, Bombay. 19N. 73E. Sacred place of Buddha, and mentioned in the 'Mahabharata.'

=Su-Chau=, China. 31N. 121E. F. c. 500 B.C.; captured by Taiping rebels, 1860; became treaty-port, 1896.

=Sukkur=, Sind. 28N. 69E. Talpurs defeated by Shah Shuja, 1833; British possession, 1842.

=Sur= ('rock'), Palestine. 33N. 35E. Ancient Tyre. Besieged by Nebuchadnezzar II., 572 B.C.; by Alexander the Great, 332 B.C.; captured by Crusaders, 1124; destroyed by Malik al-Ashraf, 1291; suffered from earthquake, 1837. (See Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte,' Hakluyt's 'Voyages.')

=Surat=, Bombay. 21N. 73E. Overcome by Akbar, 1572; British settlement, 1612; under British rule, 1800. (See 'Purchas His Pilgrimes.')

=Susa=, Persia. 32N. 48E. Capital of Elamite kingdom, c. 2280 B.C.; conquered by Assyrians, 645 B.C. Contains tomb alleged to be of Daniel.

=Tabariah=, Syria. 33N. 36E. F. by Herod Antipas, c. 16; Saladin defeated Christians, 1187; given to France, 1240; taken by Mussulmans, 1247. Mentioned by Josephus; contains tomb of Arabian philosopher Lokman; Mishna compiled here, 190, and part of Talmud. (See Burckhardt's 'Travels in Syria and the Holy Land.')

=Tabor=, Mount, Palestine. 33N. 35E. Scene of assembly of army of Barak and Deborah against Sisera; alleged scene of Christ's Transfiguration. Gabinius overcame Jews, 53 B.C.; fortified by Malik-el-Adil, 1212; French victory over British and Turks, 1799. (See Burckhardt's 'Travels in Syria and the Holy Land.')

=Tabreez=, Persia. 38N. 46E. Foundation attributed to Zobeida, wife of Haroun-al-Raschid, 791. Destroyed by Tamerlane, 1392; taken from Turks by Nadir Shah, 1730; by Russians, 1827. The Bab here put to death, 1850.

=Taif=, Arabia. 22N. 41E. Visited by Burckhardt, and described in 'Travels in Arabia.'

=Talwaudy=, Punjab. 32N. 75E. Village near Lahore which is bp. of Nanek, founder of Sikh religion.

=Tanjore=, Madras. 11N. 79E. Unsuccessfully attacked by Lally, 1758; taken by British, 1773; under British control, 1799.

=Tarsus=, Asia Minor. 37N. 35E. Traditionally f. by Sennacherib. Meeting-place of Mark Antony and Cleopatra, 38 B.C. Contains tomb of Sardanapalus, and is bp. of St. Paul, Athenodorus, and Hermogenes.

=Tchesme=, Asia Minor. 38N. 27E. Turkish fleet defeated by Russian under Orloff and Elphinstowe, 1770.

=Teheran=, Persia. 36N. 51E. Treaty signed between British and Persians, 1857. Near city are ruins of Rhages, bp. of Haroun-al-Raschid.

=Teima=, Arabia. 28N. 39E. The Tema of the Bible. Visited by C. M. Doughty, and described in 'Travels in Arabia Deserta.'

=Tekrit=, Asiatic Turkey. 35N. 44E. Bp. of Saladin.

=Tiberias, Sea of=, Palestine. 33N. 36E. Frequently mentioned in the Bible as Lake of Galilee or Gennesaret, and by Josephus. Bp. of disciples Simon, Andrew, James the Great, and John. Visited by Lamartine, 1832. (See Kinglake's 'Eothen,' Twain's 'New Pilgrim's Progress,' 'Purchas His Pilgrimes,' Adam Smith's 'Historical Geography of the Holy Land,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Syria and the Holy Land.')

=Tien-tsin= ('Heaven's ford'), China. 39N. 117E. Besieged by Taiping rebels, 1853; treaty signed with French and British, 1858; occupied by French and British, 1860; foreign inhabitants murdered, 1870; res. of Li Hung-Chang for 20 years, 1874.

=Tokat=, Asiatic Turkey. 40N. 37E. Severely damaged by earthquake, 1825; massacre of Armenians, 1895.

=Tokio=, Japan. 36N. 140E. Seat of government for Tokugawa Ieyasu, 1603; eastern capital of Japan, 1868; opened to foreign res., 1869. (See Diosy's 'New Far East,' McKenzie's 'From Tokyo to Tiflis.')

=Tomsk=, Siberia. 56N. 85E. F. in 1604; capital of Tomsk. Contains university f. in 1888. (See Fraser's 'Real Siberia,' Tolstoi's 'Resurrection.')

=Tortosa=, Syria. 35N. 36E. Ceded to Templars, c. 1161; taken by Saladin, 1188; by Mussulmans, 1291.

=Tottori=, Japan. 36N. 134E. Visited by Lafcadio Hearn, and described in 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.'

=Tranquebar=, Madras. 11N. 80E. Bought by Dutch, 1620; taken by British, 1787; sold to British, 1845.

=Trebizond= ('a table'), Asiatic Turkey. 41N. 40E. F. by Greeks from Sinope, 700 B.C.; scene of Xenophon's retreat with ten thousand; capital of empire of Trebizond under Alexius Comnenus, 1204; taken by Mohammed II., 1461.

=Trichinopoli=, Madras. 11N. 79E. British possession, 1801. Contains tomb of Bishop Heber.

=Trichoor=, Madras. 11N. 76E. Occupied by Hyder Ali, 1776; by Tippoo Sahib, 1789.

=Trincomali=, Ceylon. 9N. 81E. Contains ruins of famous Temple of a Thousand Columns destroyed by Portuguese, 1622. Taken by storm by British, 1795.

=Tripoli=, Syria. 34N. 36E. Destroyed by earthquakes, 450, 550; captured by Saracens, 638; by Crusaders, who destroyed celebrated Arabian collection of books, 1109; by Egyptians, 1289. (See Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte,' Hakluyt's 'Voyages,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Syria and the Holy Land.')

=Troy=, Asia Minor. 40N. 26E. Said to have been f. by Dardanus, walls built by Apollo and Poseidon; centre of Greek legends. Visited by Alexander the Great, 334 B.C.; Roman possession, 189 B.C.; destroyed by Turks, 1306. (See Homer's 'Iliad,' Virgil's 'Æneid,' Tacitus' 'Annals,' Kinglake's 'Eothen.')

=Tsing-tao=, China. 36N. 120E. Seized by Germany, 1897.

=Turkestan=, Asiatic Russia. 44N. 68E. Resort of pilgrims to mosque of Hazret-Yassavi, built by Tamerlane. Occupied by Russian troops, 1864.

=Umarkot=, Sind. 25N. 70E. Alleged to have been f. by Umar. Bp. of Akbar.

=Ur=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Contains ruins of temple to moon-god Sin. Frequently mentioned in Bible, especially as spot from which Abraham's father moved westward.

=Ura-tyube=, Russian Turkestan. 41N. 68E. Alleged to have been f. by Cyrus; captured by Russians, 1866.

=Urfah=, Asiatic Turkey. 37N. 39E. Captured by Seljuk Turks, 1040; by Crusaders, 1097; by Mussulmans, 1144. Ancient centre of Syrian learning; bp. of St. Ephraim Syrus, and said to have been res. of Abraham.

=Urga=, Mongolia. 48N. 106E. Sacred city of Mongols, and is the seat of the Kutuktu, deified Lama. Contains famous temple of Maidar. (See Sheepshanks' 'My Life in Mongolia and Siberia.')

=Urumiyah=, Persian Armenia. 37N. 45E. Alleged bp. of Zoroaster.

=Utakamand=, Madras. 11N. 77E. Town in which Sir R. Burton resided, described in 'Goa and the Blue Mountains.'

=Utch= ('high place'), Punjab. 29N. 71E. Contains fort built by daughter of Deo Singh. Captured by Mahmud of Ghazni, 1006. Res. of Persian historian, Minhaj-ud-din.

=Van=, Asiatic Turkey. 38N. 43E. Alleged to have been f. by Semiramis; rebuilt by Van; by Valarsaces, 149 B.C.; taken by Arabs, c. 640; by Osmanlis, 1514; by Persians, 1636; by Kurds, 1845.

=Vellore=, Madras. 13N. 79E. Said to have been f. by Bommi Reddi, c. 1274; besieged by Mahrattas, 1676; taken by Daud Khan, 1708; Safdar Ali murdered here by Murtaza Ali, 1742; occupied by British, 1760; by Hyder Ali, 1780.

=Vijayanagar= ('city of victory'), Madras. 15N. 76E. F. in 1336; contains celebrated ruins, and is famous as res. of Sayana, the Vedic commentator.

=Vladivostok=, Asiatic Russia. 43N. 132E. Occupied by Russians, 1860; free port, 1873; capital of Littoral, 1888. (See Fraser's 'Real Siberia,' Little's 'Far East.')

=Wady Hammanah=, Syria. 34N. 36E. Gorge near which Lamartine lived.

=Wa-fang-kou=, Manchuria. 40N. 122E. Russians under General Stackelberg conquered by Japanese, 1904.

=Wakayama=, Japan. 34N. 135E. Contains castle of princes of Kishu, f. 1850, and near by is temple of Kumudera, said to be f. 770.

=Wandewash=, Madras. 12N. 80E. Lally-Tollendal defeated by Sir Eyre Coote 1760.

=Wei-hai-wei=, China. 37N. 122E. Great Chinese arsenal established, 1883; seized by Japanese, 1895; leased to British, 1898. (See Diosy's 'New Far East.')

=Wi-ju=, Korea. 40N. 125E. Here Manchus entered Korea, 1627; Japanese entered Manchuria, 1894, 1904. (See McKenzie's 'From Tokyo to Tiflis.')

=Wu-chang=, China. 30N. 114E. Captured by Taiping rebels, 1853.

=Yakutsk=, Eastern Siberia. 62N. 130E. F. by Cossacks, 1632.

=Yalu=, Korea. 40N. 125E. Japanese under Admiral Ito defeated Chinese fleet at mouth of Yalu, 1894; passage forced by Japanese during Russo-Japanese War, 1904. (See McKenzie's 'From Tokyo to Tiflis.')

=Yamaguchi=, Japan. 34N. 131E. Mission established by St. Francis Xavier, 1550.

=Yanbo=, Arabia. 24N. 38E. Landing-place for Egyptian pilgrims. (See Burton's 'Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Arabia.')

=Yarkand=, Chinese Turkestan. 38N. 78E. Annexed to Chinese Empire, 1757; captured by Dungans, 1864; recaptured by Chinese, 1877. (See 'Travels of Marco Polo.')

=Yokasuka=, Japan. 35N. 140E. Will Adams, the English pilot, landed here, 1600; tomb in vicinity of town.

=Yokohama=, Japan. 35N. 140E. Became residential treaty port, 1858; totally destroyed by fire, 1866. (See Lafcadio Hearn's 'Out of the East' and 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan,' Kipling's 'From Sea to Sea.')

=Zebulon=, Palestine. 33N. 35E. Mentioned several times in the Bible; visited by Lamartine, 1832.

=Zileh=, Asia Minor. 40N. 36E. Formerly celebrated for worship of Anaitis. Here Julius Cæsar defeated Pharnaces, and uttered famous words, 'Veni, vidi, vici.' (See Suetonius' 'De Vita Cæsarum,' I. 37.)

INDEX

INDEX

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

B. Bay
C. Cape
G. Gulf
Is. Island
L. Lake
Mt. Mountain
Pk. Peak
Pen. Peninsula
Pt. Point
R. River
Str. Strait
Vol. Volcano

_Those places marked with an asterisk (*) appear also in the Gazetteer_

PAGE
=Abakansk=, Siberia. 54N. 92E., 94

=Abarim Mts.=, Palestine. 32N. 36E., 12

=Abashiri=, Japan. 43N. 144E., 88

=Abazbi=, N.W. Frontier Provs. 34N. 72E., 58

=Abbottabad=, N.W. Frontier Provs. 34N. 73E., 58

=Abdon=, Palestine. 33N. 35E., 12

=Abel-beth-Maachah=, Pales. 33N. 36E., 12

=Abel Shittim=, Palestine. 32N. 36E., 12

[*]=Abila=, Palestine. 33N. 36E., 13

=Abistadah, Lake=, Afghanistan. 33N. 68E., 58

[*]=Abohar=, Punjab. 30N. 74E., 58

=Aboo Mt.=, Rajputana. 25N. 73E., 59

=Abra River=, Philippine Is. 18N. 120E., 77

=Abreojos=, East Indies. 23N. 130E., 75

=Abring=, Kashmir. 34N. 77E., 58

=Abu Arish=, Arabia. 17N. 43E., 44

=Accho=, Palestine. 33N. 35E., 12

=Achin Prov.=, East Indies. 5N. 96E., 74

=Achzib=, Palestine. 33N. 35E., 12

=Actinia Haven=, Siberia. 76N. 98E., 94

[*]=Adalia=, Asia Minor. 36N. 31E., 46

=Adalia, Gulf of=, Asia Minor. 36N. 31E., 46

=Adam's Bridge=, Ceylon. 9N. 80E., 63

[*]=Adam's Peak=, Ceylon. 7N. 80E., 63

=Adana=, Asia Minor. 37N. 36E., 46

[*]=Aden=, Arabia. 13N. 45E., 44

=Adi Is.=, East Indies. 5S. 134E., 75

=Adipar=, Rajputana. 29N. 74E., 59

=Adipur=, Rajputana. 28N. 75E., 59

=Adiyaman=, Turkey in Asia. 38N. 38E., 47

[*]=Adoni=, Madras. 16N. 77E., 62

=Adoraim=, Palestine. 32N. 35E., 12

=Adullam=, Palestine. 32N. 35E., 12

=Aeng Pass=, Burma. 20N. 94E., 67

=Afioom=, Asia Minor. 38N. 30E., 46

=Agartulla=, Bengal. 24N. 91E., 61

=Agincourt Is.=, China. 26N. 122E., 89

[*]=Agra=, United Provs. 27N. 78E., 59

=Agrigan=, East Indies. 19N. 145E., 75

=Agung, Mt.=, Bali. 8S. 116E., 76

[*]=Ahmadabad=, Bombay. 23N. 73E., 56

[*]=Ahmadnagar=, Bombay. 19N. 75E., 57

=Ahmadpur=, Punjab. 29N. 71E., 59

=Ahmudpur=, Punjab. 28N. 70E., 59

=Ahor=, Persia. 39N. 47

=Ahwaz=, Persia. 31N. 49E., 47

=Aidin=, Asia Minor. 38N. 28E., 46

=Aikawa=, Japan. 38N. 138E., 88

=Aintab=, Turkey in Asia. 37N. 37E., 46

=Ai-shan=, China. 38N. 121E., 83

=Aivalik=, Asia Minor. 39N. 27E., 46

=Ajalon=, Palestine. 32N. 35E., 12

=Ajer Itam Bay=, Borneo. 3S. 111E., 76

=Ajigasawa=, Japan. 41N. 140E., 88

[*]=Ajmere=, Rajputana. 27N. 75E., 59

=Akaba=, Arabia. 30N. 35E., 44

=Akanogawa=, Japan. 37N. 139E., 91

=Akaoka=, Japan. 34N. 134E., 91

=Akaogi=, Japan. 31N. 131E., 89

[*]=Akashi=, Japan. 35N. 135E., 91

=Akcha=, Afghanistan. 37N. 66E., 45

=Ak Dagh=, Asia Minor. 37N. 30E., 46

=Ak Dagh=, Asia Minor. 39N. 30E., 46

=Akhissar=, Asia Minor. 39N. 28E., 46

=Akhlat=, Turkey in Asia. 39N. 42E., 47

=Aki=, Japan. 35N. 133E., 91

=Akita=, Japan. 40N. 140E., 88

=Akkeshi=, Japan. 43N. 145E., 88

=Akkeshi Bay=, Japan. 43N. 145E., 88

=Ako=, Formosa. 22N. 121E., 89

=Ako=, Japan. 35N. 134E., 91

=Akola=, Berar. 21N. 77E., 60

=Akote=, Berar. 21N. 77E., 60

=Akserai=, Asia Minor. 38N. 34E., 46

=Akshehr=, Asia Minor. 38N. 31E., 46

=Aktan=, Asiatic Russia. 48N. 72E., 94

=Ak Tepe=, Turkestan. 36N. 62E., 45

=Akumi-Shima=, Lu-Chu Is. 27N. 127E., 89

=Akune=, Japan. 32N. 130E., 89

=Akuseki Is.=, Lu-Chu Is. 30N. 130E., 89

=Akyab=, Burma. 20N. 93E., 67

=Alabat=, Philippine Islands. 14N. 122E., 77

=Alacham=, Asia Minor. 42N. 36E., 46

=Ala Dagh=, Asia Minor. 40N. 33E., 46

=Aladana=, S., N.W. Frontier Provs. 35N. 72E., 58

=Ala Kul=, Asiatic Russia. 46N. 82E., 94

=Alamaguan=, East Indies. 18N. 145E., 75

=Ala Shan=, Inner Mongolia. 38N. 106E., 82

=Alaya=, Asia Minor. 36N. 32E., 46

=Alaykan=, Burma. 20N. 95E., 67

=Alazeisk Mts.=, Siberia. 67N. 150E., 95

=Alazeisk River=, Siberia. 71N. 154E., 95

=Albay=, Philippine Islands. 13N. 124E., 77

=Albistan=, Turkey in Asia. 38N. 37E., 46

=Aldan, River=, Siberia. 60N. 135E. 95

=Aldansk=, Siberia. 62N. 134E. 95

[*]=Aleppo=, Turkey in Asia. 36N. 37E. 46

=Aleppy=, Madras. 10N. 76E. 63

=Alexandretta=, Turkey in Asia. 37N. 36E. 46

=Alfonso XII.=, Philippine Is. 6N. 121E. 77

=Alibagh=, Bombay. 19N. 73E. 57

[*]=Aligarh=, United Provs. 28N. 78E. 59

=Ali Khel=, Afghanistan. 34N. 70E. 58

=Alingar River=, Afghanistan. 35N. 70E. 58

=Aliwal=, Punjab. 31N. 75E. 58

=Allahabad=, N.W. Provs. 26N. 82E. 60

=Allahabad=, Punjab. 29N. 71E. 59

[*]=Allahabad=, United Provs. 25N. 82E. 60

[*]=Allah Shehr=, Asia Minor. 38N. 29E. 46

=Allanmyo=, Burma. 19N. 95E. 67

=Allas Strait=, East Indies. 9S. 116E. 74

=Almora=, United Provs. 30N. 80E. 60

=Alon=, Burma. 22N. 95E. 67

=Alor Star=, Malay Pen. 6N. 100E. 68

=Alupu Cape=, Asia Minor. 36N. 28E. 46

=Alutgama=, Ceylon. 7N. 80E. 63

=Alwar=, Rajputana. 27N. 77E. 59

=Alwye River=, Madras. 10N. 76E. 63

=Amadnagar=, Bombay. 24N. 73E. 56

=Amaga, River=, Siberia. 62N. 134E. 95

=Amakusa Nada=, Japan. 33N. 130E. 89

=Amakusashima=, Japan. 32N. 130E. 89

=Amallapuram=, Madras. 17N. 82E. 62

=Amalner=, Bombay. 21N. 75E. 56

=Amamioshima=, Lu-Chu Is. 29N. 129E. 89

[*]=Amarapura=, Burma. 22N. 96E. 67

=Amarpur=, Nepal. 27N. 87E. 61

[*]=Amasia=, Asia Minor. 41N. 36E. 46

=Amathus=, Palestine. 32N. 36E. 13

=Ambala=, Punjab. 30N. 77E. 58

=Ambgaon=, Central Provs. 20N. 80E. 60

=Ambir=, Rajputana. 27N. 76E. 59

=Amblan=, Philippine Islands. 9N. 123E. 77

=Amboina=, East Indies. 4S. 128E. 75

=Amherst=, Burma. 16N. 98E. 67

=Amjerah=, Central India. 23N. 75E. 56

=Ammon=, Palestine. 32N. 36E. 12

[*]=Amoy=, China. 24N. 118E. 85

=Ampani=, Madras. 20N. 83E. 62

=Ampenam=, East Indies. 8S. 116E. 74

=Amraoti=, Berar. 21N. 78E. 60

=Amreeli=, Bombay. 22N. 71E. 56

[*]=Amritsar=, Punjab. 32N. 75E. 58

[*]=Amroha=, United Provs. 29N. 78E. 60

=Amur=, Siberia. 52N. 132E. 95

=Amurang=, East Indies. 1N. 124E. 75

=Amur, Gulf of=, Siberia. 54N. 142E. 95

=Amur, River=, Siberia. 53N. 141E. 95

=Anadirsk=, Siberia. 65N. 168E. 95

=Anadyr=, Siberia. 67N. 176E. 95

=Anadyr, Gulf of=, Siberia. 64N. 176W. 95

=Anadyr, River=, Siberia. 65N. 176W. 95

=Anah=, Turkey in Asia. 34N. 42E. 47

=Anakara Chattram=, Madras. 11N. 80E. 63

=Anakkangean Is.=, E. Indies. 7S. 116E. 76

=Anamalli Mt.=, Madras. 10N. 77E. 63

=Anamba Is.=, East Indies. 3N. 106E. 74

=Anambar=, Baluchistan. 30N. 69E. 58

=Anamur Cape=, Asia Minor. 36N. 33E. 46

=Anand=, Bombay. 23N. 73E. 56

[*]=Anantapur=, Madras. 15N. 78E. 62

=Anaphi=, Asia Minor. 36N. 26E. 46

=Anatayan=, East Indies. 16N. 145E. 75

=Anathoth=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. 12

=Anatolia=, Asia Minor. 39N. 29E. 46

=Anchorite Is.=, East Indies. 0. 145E. 75

=Andidshan=, Turkestan. 41N. 72E. 45

=Andjar=, Bombay. 23N. 70E. 56

=Andkhui=, Afghanistan. 37N. 65E. 45

=An-dong=, Korea. 36N. 128E. 90

=Andrene=, Turkey in Asia. 35N. 37E. 46

[*]=Aneysa=, Arabia. 26N. 45E. 44

=Angara, River=, Siberia. 56N. 110E. 94

=Ang Bay=, Indo-China. 18N. 106E. 70

=Anger=, Java. 6S. 106E. 76

=Angirtu Nor=, Mongolia. 43N. 115E. 83

[*]=Angkor=, Indo-China. 13N. 104E. 71

[*]=Angora=, Asia Minor. 40N. 33E. 46

=Angora, River=, Siberia. 56N. 103E. 94

=Angul=, Bengal. 21N. 85E. 60

=Anguli Nor=, China. 42N. 115E. 83

[*]=Anjengo=, Madras. 9N. 77E. 63

=Anjer=, East Indies. 6S. 106E. 74

=An-ju=, Korea. 40N. 126E. 90

=Ankkswar=, Bombay. 22N. 73E. 56

=Ankola=, Bombay. 15N. 74E. 57

=Ankula=, Siberia. 62N. 109E. 94

=An-min-do=, Korea. 36N. 126E. 90

=Annam=, Indo-China. 17N. 107E. 71

=Annie Florence Reef=, E. Indies. 5S. 113E. 76

=Anopgarh=, Rajputana. 29N. 73E. 59

=Anor Aeng=, Burma. 20N. 94E. 67

=An-ping=, Formosa. 23N. 120E. 89

=An-shan-chan=, Manchuria. 41N. 123E. 90

=Anson=, East Indies. 13N. 141E. 75

=Antakia=, Turkey in Asia. 36N. 36E. 46

[*]=Antioch=, Turkey in Asia. 36N. 36E. 46

=Antipatris=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. 13

=Anti Taurus=, Turkey in Asia. 39N. 37E. 46

[*]=An-tung=, Manchuria. 40N. 125E. 90

=Anuradhapura=, Ceylon. 8N. 80E. 63

=Aomori=, Japan. 41N. 141E. 88

=Aparri=, Philippine Islands. 18N. 122E. 77

=Aphek=, Palestine. 33N. 36E. 12

=Apollonia=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. 13

=Apo Vol=, Philippine Islands. 7N. 125E. 77

=Arab=, Palestine. 31N. 35E. 12

=Arabi=, Turkey in Asia. 32N. 45E. 47

=Arabkir=, Turkey in Asia. 39N. 39E. 47

=Arad=, Palestine. 31N. 35E. 12

=Arafura Sea=, East Indies. 10S. 135E. 75

=Arai=, Japan. 35N. 138E. 91

=Arakan Hill Tracts=, Burma. 21N. 93E. 67

=Arakan Yoma Mts.=, Burma. 21N. 94E. 67

[*]=Arantangi=, Madras. 10N. 79E. 63

=Ararat, Mt.=, Turkey in Asia. 40N. 44E. 47

=Aras River=, Persia. 40N. 48E. 47

=Aravalli Mts.=, Rajputana. 26N. 74E. 59

=Arconum=, Madras. 13N. 80E. 63

[*]=Arcot=, Madras. 13N. 79E. 63

=Ardabil=, Persia. 38N. 48E. 47

=Ardilan=, Persia. 36N. 47

=Ardinga=, Madras. 16N. 80E. 62

=Arends Is.=, East Indies. 5S. 115E. 76

=Argaeus Mount=, Asia Minor. 38N. 35E. 46

=Argun, River=, Siberia. 53N. 121E. 95

=Ariakeno-ura=, Japan. 31N. 131E. 89

=Arimathea=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. 13

=Aripo=, Ceylon. 9N. 80E. 63

=Arjesh=, Turkey in Asia. 39N. 43E. 47

=Armenia=, Turkey in Asia. 40N. 42E. 47

=Aroer=, Palestine. 31N. 35E. 12

[*]=Arrah=, Bengal. 26N. 85E. 60

=Arrank=, Siam. 13N. 103E. 71

=Arrogant Reef=, E. Indies. 5S. 113E. 76

=Aru Island=, East Indies. 6S. 135E. 75

=Arut, River=, Borneo. 3S. 111E. 76

=Arwapalli=, Haidarabad. 17N. 79E. 62

=Asakusa Ya=, Japan. 37N. 139E. 91

=Asama Ya=, Japan. 36N. 139E. 91

=Ascalon=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. 13

=Ashan=, Inner Mongolia. 41N. 108E. 82

[*]=Ashdod=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. 12

=Ashe-ho=, Manchuria. 46N. 127E. 90

=Asher=, Palestine. 33N. 35E. 12

=Asheri=, Bombay. 20N. 73E. 57

=Ashtagram=, Mysore. 13N. 76E. 63

=Ashtaroth=, Palestine. 33N. 36E. 13

=Asir=, Arabia. 20N. 43E. 44

=Aska=, Madras. 20N. 85E. 62

=Askabad=, Turkestan. 37N. 58E. 45

[*]=Askelon=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. 12

=Asoh, Bay=, Malay Pen. 3N. 103E. 69

[*]=Assaye=, Haidarabad. 20N. 76E. 62

=Astara=, Persia. 39N. 49E. 47

=Astor=, Kashmir. 35N. 75E. 58

=Astrabad=, Persia. 37N. 55E. 45

=Astropalia=, Asia Minor. 36N. 27E. 46

=Asuncion=, East Indies. 20N. 145E. 75

=Atbasarsk=, Asiatic Russia. 52N. 68E. 94

=Atgyn-aila=, Mongolia. 43N. 116E. 83

[*]=Athni=, Bombay. 17N. 75E. 57

=Atrek River=, Persia. 37N. 54E. 45

=Atsuta=, Japan. 35N. 137E. 91

[*]=Attock=, Punjab. 34N. 72E. 58

=Atto-pen=, Indo-China. 15N. 107E. 70

=Atur=, Madras. 12N. 79E. 63

=Auckland, Mount=, Korea. 33N. 127E. 90

=Aurora Bk.=, East Indies. 5S. 117E. 76

=Aurangabad=, Haidarabad. 20N. 75E. 62

[*]=Aurungabad=, Bengal. 26N. 90E. 61

=Ausa=, Haidarabad. 18N. 76E. 62

=Auwuradah=, Madras. 18N. 83E. 62

[*]=Ava=, Burma. 22N. 96E. 67

=Ava=, Persia. 36N. 49E. 47

=Avanashi=, Madras. 11N. 77E. 63

=Avid River=, East Indies. 7S. 144E. 75

=Awa=, Japan. 34N. 134E. 91

=Awa=, Japan. 35N. 140E. 91

=Awah=, Persia. 35N. 50E. 47

=Awaji Sa.=, Japan. 34N. 135E. 91

=Awoshima Island=, Japan. 38N. 139E. 88

=Ayabe=, Japan. 35N. 135E. 91

[*]=Ayuthia=, Siam. 14N. 101E. 71

=Azamgurh=, United Provs. 26N. 83E. 60

=Azekah=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. 12

=Azerbijan=, Persia. 38N. 46E. 47

=Aziz=, Turkey in Asia. 38N. 38E. 47

=Azotus=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. 13

=Baal Hazor=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. 12

=Baal-meon=, Palestine. 32N. 36E. 12

=Ba-an-susu=, Manchuria. 46N. 130E. 90

=Baba=, East Indies. 7S. 130E. 75

=Bab-el-Mandeb, Strait of=, Arabia. 13N. 43E. 44

=Babelthuap=, East Indies. 8N. 135E. 75

=Baburgan Claro=, Philippine Is. 20N. 122E. 77

=Baburgan Is.=, Philippine Is. 19N. 122E. 77

=Babuyanes Is.=, East Indies. 20N. 121E. 74

[*]=Babylon=, Turkey in Asia. 33N. 45E. 47

=Bachian=, East Indies. 1S. 126E. 75

=Bac-lieu=, Indo-China. 9N. 106E. 71

=Bacninh=, Indo-China. 21N. 106E. 70

=Bacolor=, Philippine Islands. 15N. 121E. 77

=Bacolot=, Philippine Islands. 11N. 123E. 77

=Bactrang=, Indo-China. 10N. 106E. 71

=Badakhshan=, Afghanistan. 37N. 70E. 45

=Badina=, Rajputana. 28N. 74E. 59

=Badjistan=, Persia. 34N. 59E. 45

=Badmur=, Central Provs. 22N. 78E. 60

[*]=Badnera=, Berar. 21N. 78E. 60

=Badwelu=, Madras. 15N. 79E. 62

=Bafira=, Asia Minor. 41N. 36E. 46

=Bagan=, Sumatra. 2N. 100E. 69

=Bagan Api Api=, Sumatra. 2N. 101E. 69

=Baganga=, Philippine Islands. 7N. 127E. 77

=Bagh=, Baluchistan. 29N. 68E. 59

[*]=Baghdad=, Turkey in Asia. 33N. 44E. 47

=Bagu=, Rajputana. 27N. 73E. 59

=Bahawalpur=, Punjab. 29N. 72E. 59

[*]=Bahera=, Punjab. 33N. 73E. 58

[*]=Bahraich=, United Provs. 28N. 82E. 60

=Bahranghat=, United Provs. 27N. 82E. 60

=Bahrein Island=, Arabia. 26N. 51E. 45

=Bahr el Benat Is.=, Arabia. 25N. 53E. 45

=Baiburt=, Turkey in Asia. 40N. 40E. 47

=Baik Peninsula=, East Indies. 4S. 133E. 75

=Baikal, Lake=, Siberia. 54N. 108E. 94

=Baikal Mts.=, Siberia. 53N. 108E. 94

=Bain-tuchum=, Inner Mongolia. 41N. 105E. 82

=Bairag=, Bengal. 27N. 85E. 60

=Baithulwaddi=, Haidarabad. 20N. 75E. 62

=Bakargang=, Bengal. 22N. 90E. 61

=Bakau Mt.=, Malay Pen. 4N. 103E. 68

=Bake, Cape=, Indo-China. 11N. 108E. 71

=Bakhasar=, Sind. 25N. 71E. 59

=Bakhta River=, Siberia. 63N. 89E. 94

=Balabac=, Philippine Islands. 8N. 117E. 77

=Balabac Is.=, Philippine Is. 8N. 117E. 77

=Balabac Strait, N.=, Philippine Is. 8N. 117E. 77

=Balagansk=, Siberia. 55N. 103E. 94

=Balaghat=, Central Provs. 22N. 80E. 60

=Bala Murghab=, Afghanistan. 36N. 63E. 45

=Balanga=, Philippine Is. 15N. 120E. 77

=Balangiungui=, Philippine Is. 6N. 122E. 77

=Balante=, East Indies. 1S. 124E. 75

=Balasinur=, Bombay. 23N. 73E. 56

=Balasor=, Bengal. 22N. 87E. 61

=Balayan=, Philippine Islands. 14N. 121E. 77

=Baler=, Philippine Islands. 16N. 122E. 77

=Balfrush=, Persia. 36N. 53E. 45

=Bali=, East Indies. 9S. 115E. 74

=Baliari=, Sind. 24N. 70E. 59

=Balikesri=, Asia Minor. 40N. 28E. 46

=Baling=, Malay Peninsula. 6N. 101E. 68

=Balipara=, Assam. 27N. 93E. 67

=Balipura=, Assam. 27N. 93E. 61

=Bali Strait=, Java. 8S. 114E. 76

=Balkash, Lake=, As. Russia. 46N. 75E. 94

[*]=Balkh=, Afghanistan. 37N. 67E. 45

=Balkondah=, Haidarabad. 19N. 78E. 62

=Ballia=, United Provs. 26N. 84E. 60

=Balloah=, Bengal. 23N. 91E. 61

=Balotra=, Rajputana. 26N. 72E. 59

=Baltistan=, Kashmir. 35N. 76E. 58

=Balut=, Philippine Islands. 5N. 125E. 77

=Bam=, Persia. 29N. 58E. 45

=Bamanwas=, Rajputana. 27N. 77E. 59

=Bami=, Turkestan. 38N. 56E. 45

=Bampton Reef=, E. Indies. 5S. 115E. 76

=Bampur=, Persia. 27N. 60E. 45

=Ban=, Malay Peninsula. 10N. 99E. 71

=Banaganapalli=, Madras. 15N. 78E. 62

=Banam=, Indo-China. 12N. 105E. 71

=Banas River=, Rajputana. 26N. 77E. 59

=Ban-buri=, Indo-China. 13N. 103E. 71

=Banchar=, Java. 7S. 112E. 76

=Banda=, N.W. Provinces. 26N. 80E. 60

=Banda Island=, East Indies. 5S. 128E. 75

=Banda Sea=, East Indies. 5S. 126E. 75

=Bandai San=, Japan. 38N. 140E. 91

=Bandar=, Malay Peninsula. 3N. 101E. 69

=Bandarawela=, Ceylon. 7N. 81E. 63

=Bandar Maharami=, Malay Pen. 2N. 103E. 69

[*]=Bander Abbas=, Persia. 27N. 56E. 45

=Bandikui=, Rajputana. 27N. 77E. 59

=Bandon=, Malay Peninsula. 9N. 100E. 71

=Bandon Bight=, Malay Pen. 9N. 77E. 71

=Bandra Las=, Sind. 24N. 70E. 59

=Bandung=, Java. 7S. 108E. 76

[*]=Bangalore=, Mysore. 13N. 78E. 63

=Bangaya Is.=, East Indies. 2S. 122E. 74

=Bangkalan=, Java. 7S. 113E. 76

=Bangkalis=, East Indies. 2N. 102E. 74

[*]=Bangkok=, Siam. 14N. 101E. 71

=Bang-pa-kong=, Siam. 14N. 101E. 71

=Bang-pla-soi=, Siam. 13N. 101E. 71

=Bang-pra=, Siam. 13N. 101E. 71

=Bangsdara River=, Madras. 18N. 84E. 62

=Bang-son=, Indo-China. 14N. 109E. 71

=Bang Tapan=, Malay Pen. 11N. 100E. 71

=Banjermassin=, East Indies. 4S. 115E. 74

=Banjumas=, Java. 8S. 109E. 76

=Banjuwangi=, Java. 8S. 114E. 76

=Banka Island=, East Indies. 3S. 106E. 74

=Banki=, Bengal. 20N. 86E. 60

=Bankot=, Bombay. 18N. 73E. 57

=Bankura=, Bengal. 23N. 87E. 61

=Ban-muk=, Siam. 16N. 105E. 70

=Bannu=, N.W. Frontier Provs. 33N. 70E. 58

=Ban-pao=, Siam. 16N. 100E. 70

=Bansda=, Bombay. 21N. 73E. 56

[*]=Bantam=, Java. 6S. 106E. 76

=Bantam, Cape=, Indo-China. 16N. 109E. 70

=Banton=, Philippine Is. 13N. 122E. 77

=Bantwal=, Madras. 13N. 75E. 63

=Banyumas=, East Indies. 7S. 109E. 74

=Banyuwangi=, East Indies. 8S. 114E. 74

=Baotsir=, Rajputana. 29N. 75E. 59

=Bap=, Rajputana. 27N. 72E. 59

=Bap-nom=, Indo-China. 11N. 105E. 71

=Baquba=, Turkey in Asia. 34N. 45E. 47

=Baragua Point=, Burma. 16N. 95E. 67

=Barak River=, Assam. 25N. 92E. 61

=Barakar=, Bengal. 24N. 87E. 61

=Baran=, Rajputana. 25N. 76E. 59

[*]=Bardwan=, Bengal. 23N. 88E. 61

[*]=Bareilly=, United Provs. 28N. 79E. 60

=Barguzinsk=, Siberia. 54N. 110E. 94

=Baria=, Indo-China. 10N. 107E. 71

=Bari Doab Canal=, Punjab. 31N. 74E. 58

=Barin=, Mongolia. 43N. 118E. 83

=Barisal=, Bengal. 23N. 90E. 61

=Barito River=, East Indies. 2S. 115E. 74

=Barkur=, Madras. 14N. 75E. 63

=Barmer=, Rajputana. 26N. 71E. 59

=Barnaul=, Siberia. 54N. 83E. 94

[*]=Baroda=, Bombay. 22N. 73E. 56

=Barongan=, Philippine Is. 12N. 125E. 77

[*]=Barrackpur=, Bengal. 23N. 88E. 61

=Barren Island=, Korea. 35N. 126E. 90

=Barsi=, Bombay. 18N. 76E. 57

=Bartan=, Asia Minor. 42N. 32E. 46

=Barung Island=, Java. 8S. 113E. 76

[*]=Barwani=, Central India. 22N. 75E. 56

=Bashi Channel=, East Indies. 21N. 123E. 74

=Bashi Island=, East Indies. 20N. 121E. 74

=Basilan=, Philippine Islands. 6N. 122E. 77

=Basilan Is.=, Philippine Is. 6N. 122E. 77

=Basilan Str.=, Philippine Is. 6N. 122E. 77

=Basim=, Berar. 20N. 77E. 57

=Bassak=, Indo-China. 15N. 106E. 71

[*]=Bassein=, Bombay. 19N. 73E. 57

=Bassein=, Burma. 17N. 95E. 67

=Bassein River=, Burma. 16N. 94E. 67

=Basses, Great=, Ceylon. 6N. 81E. 63

=Basses, Little=, Ceylon. 6N. 82E. 63

=Bassia=, Bengal. 23N. 85E. 60

=Basta=, Turkey in Asia. 31N. 48E. 47

=Bastar=, Central Provs. 19N. 81E. 60

=Basti=, United Provinces. 27N. 83E. 60

=Bastion, Cape=, China. 18N. 110E. 84

=Batag=, Philippine Islands. 13N. 125E. 77

[*]=Batala=, Punjab. 32N. 75E. 58

=Batam Is.=, Str. of Singapore. 1N. 104E. 69

=Batangan, Cape=, Indo-China. 15N. 109E. 70

=Batangas=, Philippine Is. 14N. 121E. 77

[*]=Batavia=, Java. 6S. 107E. 76

=Bathinda=, Punjab. 30N. 75E. 58

=Batil Mt.=, Malay Peninsula. 5N. 103E. 68

=Battambang=, Indo-China. 13N. 103E. 71

=Batticalva=, Ceylon. 8N. 82E. 63

=Batu=, East Indies. 4N. 96E. 74

=Batu Bar=, Malay Pen. 3N. 103E. 69

=Batu Island=, East Indies. 0. 98E. 74

=Batu Pahat=, Malay Pen. 2N. 103E. 69

=Batur, Mount=, Bali. 8S. 116E. 76

=Baun River=, Rajputana. 27N. 77E. 59

=Bawean Is.=, East Indies. 6S. 113E. 76

=Bay Lake=, Philippine Is. 14N. 121E. 77

=Bayan Aulsk=, As. Russia. 51N. 76E. 94

=Bayan-Mu=, Manchuria. 46N. 128E. 90

=Bayan-su-su=, Manchuria. 46N. 127E. 90

=Bayard, Fort=, China. 21N. 110E. 84

=Bayas=, Turkey in Asia. 37N. 36E. 46

[*]=Bayazid=, Turkey in Asia. 39N. 44E. 47

=Bear Island=, Siberia. 71N. 164E. 95

=Beawar=, Rajputana. 26N. 74E. 59

=Beayan=, Philippine Islands. 7N. 124E. 77

=Beeroth=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. 12

[*]=Beer-Sheba=, Palestine. 31N. 35E. 12

=Begum=, Rajputana. 25N. 75E. 59

[*]=Behar=, Bengal. 25N. 86E. 60

=Behesni=, Turkey in Asia. 38N. 38E. 47

=Bei D.=, Asia Minor. 36N. 31E. 46

=Beibasar=, Asia Minor. 40N. 32E. 46

=Beishehr=, Asia Minor. 38N. 32E. 46

=Beitarki River=, Bengal. 21N. 87E. 61

=Beji River=, Baluchistan. 30N. 68E. 58

=Bekal=, Madras. 12N. 75E. 63

=Bekok=, Malay Peninsula. 2N. 103E. 69

[*]=Bela=, Baluchistan. 26N. 66E. 45

[*]=Belgaum=, Bombay. 16N. 75E. 57

[*]=Bellary=, Madras. 15N. 77E. 62

=Belloor=, Mysore. 13N. 77E. 63

[*]=Benares=, N.W. Provinces. 25N. 83E. 60

=Bendamurlanka=, Madras. 16N. 82E. 62

=Bengal, Bay of=, Bengal. 18N. 90E. 67

[*]=Bencoolen=, East Indies. 4S. 102E. 74

=Bengawanior=, Java. 7S. 112E. 76

=Bengkalis=, Malacca Strait. 2N. 102E. 69

=Beni=, Rajputana. 29N. 75E. 59

=Bennet Land=, Siberia. 76N. 148E. 95

=Bentinck Island=, Burma. 12N. 98E. 71

=Bentong River=, Malay Pen. 3N. 102E. 69

=Bera River=, Malay Peninsula. 3N. 102E. 69

=Berba River=, Malay Pen. 3N. 103E. 69

=Berembun=, Malay Peninsula. 3N. 103E. 69

[*]=Berezov=, Siberia. 64N. 65E. 94

[*]=Berghama=, Asia Minor. 39N. 27E. 46