Chapter V (1)

Right Hon. Lord Vere, Baron of _Hanworth_.
Philip Vanbrugh, _Esq_; _Commissioner of the Navy at Plymouth_.
Commissioners for Victualling His Majesty's _Navy_, (as a Board.)
Capt. John Vaughan.
Mr Thomas Vaughan.

W.

Hon. Sir Peter Warren, _Knight of the Bath, and Vice Admiral of
the Red Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet_.
Capt. John Weller, _sen._
Capt. Temple West.
Capt. Rupert Waring.
Capt. John Wickham.
Capt. John Willyams.
Capt. Thomas Ward.
Capt. John Wynne.
William Wood, _Esq_; _Secretary of the Customs_.
Lieut. James Wilson.
Mr John Ward.
Mr John Walton.
Mr William Wilcox.
Mr Thomas Wyatt.
Mr Robert Woollett.
Mr John Wilkes.
Mr Daniel Whitewood.
Mr John Wright.

Y.

William Young, _Esq_; _Commissioner of the Six-penny Office_.
Mr James Young.

ERRATA.

Page 3, Line 7, _instead of_ Is a Platform, _read_, Are Platforms.—p. 4. l. 1. _instead of_ Is, _read_, Are made of.—p. 8. l. 13, _instead of_ Is a long Bolt, _read_, Are long Bolts.—l. 14. _instead of_ goes round, _read_, go round.—p. 38. l. 15. _instead of_ Is the Flag, _read_, Are Flags.—p. 83. l. 1. _instead of_ Are made, _read_, Is made.—p. 135. l. 12. _instead of_ steeving, _read_, staving—p. 148. l. 9. _instead of_ stands, _read_, stand.—p. 181. l. 1. _instead of_ pretuberant, _read_, protuberant.

Names of each particular Part of a new Ship, as they are put together (in a progressive Manner) for Frameing and Finishing the Structure Building on the Stocks.

Page

Keel — — — 85
Stem — — — 160
Sternpost } Framed { 161
Transoms } and raised{ 174
Fashion Pieces} together { 54
Dead Rising — — — 49
Floor — — — 57
Timbers — — — 171
Keelson — — — 85
Futtocks — — — 61
Hawse Pieces — — — 72
Top Timbers — — — 172
Waals — — — 181
Harpings — — — 71
Plank — — — 120
Clamps — — — 35
Sleepers — — — 153
Foot Waaling — — — 57
Beams — — — 6
Knees — — — 87
Bitts — — —} 10
Cross Pieces}
Carlings — — — 29
Ledges — — — 93
Waterways — — — 183
Spirketing — — — 156
Upper Deck — — — 50
String — — — 165
Quarter Deck — — — 50
Forecastle — — — 58
Partners Mast — —} 116
Capston —}
Comeings — — — 40
Breast Hooks — — — 22
Fore Step — — — 160
Riders — — — 132
Pointers — — — 121
Crotches — — — 47
Steps Main — — —}
Mizon }160
Maain Capston }
Decks Lower the } 50
Flat or Plank }
Orlop — — — 113
Capstons — — — 28
Pillars — — — 118
Channels — — — 32
Navel Hoods — — — 110
Knee } of the Head{ 86
Cheeks } { 33
Lyon — — — 102
Trailboard — — — 173
Gallery — — — 62
Taffarel — — — 168
Quarter Pieces — — 127
Brackets — — — 21
Well — — — 185
Pumps — — — 124
Limber Boards — — 97
Garboard Strake, or } 63
Plank }
Blkheads — — — 23
Ports — — — 122
Cathead — — — 30
Chestrees — — — 34
Hatchways — — — 72
Scuttles — — — 143
Grateings — — — 66
Ladders — — — 88
Manger — — — 103
Pallating Magazine }
and }114
Bread-room }
Gunwales — — — 68
Rails — — — 128
Gangways — — — 63
Cleats — — — 35
Kevels — — — 86
Ranges — — — 129
Knight Heads — — — 87
Rother — — — 137
Tiller — — — 170
Scuppers — — — 143
Standards — — — 158
Rufftrees — — — 139
Poop Lanterns — — — 89
Cradle } For { 44
or }Launching {
Buildgeways } { 23

N. B. _All the foregoing Particulars, upon any Emergency, may, by a sufficient Number of Men, be taken in Hand very nearly together._

A

_Naval Expositor_.

A-Baft

Are those Parts which are towards the Stern of a Ship.

Amain

A Sea Term, to strike a Main, is to lower at once.

Anchors

The Parts of an Anchor are, _First_, The Ring unto which the Cable is bent or fastened.

_Secondly_, The Shank, which is the longest Part of the Anchor; and at the End where the Ring goes through, is called the Eye, and wrought Square with two Nutts on it, which are let into the Stock.

_Thirdly_, The Arm is from the Crown to the Flook.

_Fourthly_, The Flook, by some called the Palm, being that broad Part brought on upon the Arm, like an Arrow Head, the sharpest Part of which is called the Bill, and fastens into the Ground.

The Anchors on board a Man of War are the Sheat, Spare, Best and Small Bower, which by the Establishment, are all of one Weight, the Stream one Fourth, the Kedge one Eighth, of the large ones; and the First and Second Rates are allowed a small warping one, one Half the Weight of the Kedge.

When the Cable is Perpendicular between the Hawse and the Anchor, it is then said to be a Peek; when hangs right up and down by the Ship's Side, it is said to be a Cock Bill, upon the Ship's coming to an Anchor; when a Ship drives by the Violence of Wind or Tide, and the Anchor cannot hold her, then it's said to come Home. Those which have lost one of their Flooks, are made use of for Moarings.

Anchor Stock

A Piece of Wood fastened together with Iron Hoops and Treenails upon the Square near the Ring, serving to guide the Flook, so as it may fall right and fix in the Ground.

Ditto Tackle

Are for Loosing too the Stock, so as to be clear of the Bends.

Anchoring

Is Ground fitting to hold a Ship's Anchor, so as she may safely ride it out in a Storm; stiff Clay, and hard Sand, is esteemed the best to be chose for that Purpose.

Anvils

Are used by the Smiths for working all Sorts of Iron-work on.

Aprons

Is a Plat-form raised a little above the Bottom of a Dock at its Entrance, against which the Gates shut.

Arm'd

A Ship is said to be arm'd when fitted in all Respects for War.

Avast

Signifies to stop, hold, or stay.

Auger Bitts

Made of several Sizes, and when shut to a Shank, are for boreing Holes through the Plank and Timbers, that the Treenails may go through them, for fastening both together.

Aunings

Is old Canvas spread by Ropes over the Upper Deck, Quarter Deck, or Poop; and some Ships have them fitted with thin slit Deal, over the Steering Wheel on the Quarter Deck; and all are to keep off the Sun, Rain or Wind.

Axes

Are used for cutting up Junk, or cleaving Wood.

Backstays

Are sort of Shrouds, which go up to the Topmasthead, hath Lanyards reev'd through dead Eyes, and Backstay Plates at the Ship's Side, are called standing or shifting, and are for succouring the Topmasts.

Bail or Bale

Casting or throwing the Water out of a Boat, which when done she is freed.

Ballast

Is in great Ships generally Beach Stones, and in small Iron, laid in the Hold next the Keelson, in order to keep the Ship stiff, so that she may bear the more Sail.

Barrels Press

Are emptied Tar Barrels filled with Clay, to be put on the Drags and Sledges when closeing Cables in the Rope Yard.

Barrecoes

Small Casks of Twenty one Inches long, bound with four Iron Hoops, were formerly allowed to Ships bound on Foreign Voyages for fetching Water.

Bars

Capston

Goes into the Drum-head, at which the Men heave when weighing an Anchor, or purchasing a great Weight.

Port

Each End goes through a Ring Bolt, and with Wedges, barrs in the Ports.

Baskets

Are made use of for carrying Officers Stores in, and several other Uses.

Bason

Is for Ships to lye in to be repaired, before or after taken out of the Dock.

Baulks

Small rough Firr Timber, used for Shoreing Ships when in the Dock, and other such like uses.

Beak Head

The foremost End of the Forecastle, fronting the Head, and limitting the Length of it, and is a becoming Part or Grace of a Ship.

Beak Irons

Are for turning square, round, and all Sorts of Hoops; and also used by Plumbers, as Anvils are by the Smiths.

Beams

Large Pieces of Timber cross the Ship, the Ends of which are lodged on the Clamps to support the Decks, and also keeps her out to her Breadth, and likewise to bear the Weight of her Ordnance.

Beeswax

Is used by the Sail-makers for waxing the Twine before they sew the Seams of Canvas for making Sails.

Beetles Reeming

Used by the Caulkers for driving in their Irons into a Ship's Bottom, in order for Caulking.

Bear

A Ship bears her Ordnance when she carries her Guns well, when having her Sails abroad in a Gale of Wind she don't heel. When sails towards the Shore, she is said to bear in with the Land. When a Ship that was to Windward comes under another's Stern, and gives her the Wind, she is said to bear under her Lee. If sails into an Harbour with the Wind large or before the Wind, she is then said to bear in with the Harbour. When a Ship keeps off from any Land, she is said to bear off from it. When they would express how any Cape or Place lieth from another, they say it bears off so, or so,—In Conding also, they say, bear up to the Helm, (_i. e._) let her go more large before the Wind, and bear up round, that is, let her go between her two Sheets, directly before the Wind.

Bells

Cabbin

Allowed all Ships, for the Use of Admirals, and Commanders, to call their Servants.

Watch

For striking the Hour at each Box in the Yard at Night, and also are allowed all Ships for that Service both in the Day and Night.

Belay

Signifies the same as fasten.

Bench Stakes

Are used by the Smiths for cold Work on a Vice Bench.

Bend

In a Ship, there are several, as the Midship-bend, and others called frame Bends, which shews the Shape of her at the respective Places where they are placed. They say Bend the Cable, when it is seized and made fast to the Ring of the Anchor. To Unbend the Cable is to loosen it from the Ring of the Anchor, in order to be returned into Store, or cut up for inferior Uses.

Bilbows

Is a long Bolt on which are put generally six or seven Shackles, which goes round a Man's Leg when he has committed any Fault, and for securing him in Case his Offence is so great as to deserve further Punishment.

Bildge

The flatest Part of a Ship's Bottom, and when she strikes on a Rock, they say she is Bildged.

Birth

Is a due and proper Distance observed between Ships lying at an Anchor or under Sail; so also the raising or bringing up the Sides of a Ship is called Birthing up; also the proper Place aboard for a Mess to put their Chests, _&c._ is called the Birth of that Mess; also a convenient Place to Moar a Ship is called the Birth.

Bittacle

Is a Sort of Locker framed with Deal to hold the Compass, a Glass and Candle, and stands on the Quarter Deck just before the Steering Wheel, by which, he that Steers the Ship is enabled to keep her in her right Course.

Bite

Is any Turn or Part of a Rope that lies compassing; and therefore when they cannot take the End of a Rope in Hand, they say, Give me the Bite, or hold by the Bite.

Bitter

Any turn of a Cable about the Bitts, is called a Bitter, so as that the Cable may be let out by little and little. And when a Ship is stopped by a Cable, they say, She is brought up by a Bitter. Also that End of the Cable which is wound or belayed about the Bitts, is called the Bitter-end of the Cable.

Bitts

Are two perpendicular Pieces of Timber in the Fore-part of the Ship, bolted to the Gun-Deck and Orlop Beams, their lower Ends stepping in the Footwaaling, the Heads of which are braced with a Cross-piece, and when several turns of the Cable are taken over them, is for securing the Ship at an Anchor; there are generally two Pair of them; besides there are others upon the Upper Deck, which are fixed by the Main and Foremast, and called the Topsail Sheat and Jeer Bitts.

Blacking

Is in small Barrels, and used by the Boatswains for making the Yards Black.

Blocks

Are fitted with Shivers and Pins for Running Rigging to go through, and of the different Natures following.

Blocks Double

Has two Shives, and are used for Jeers, Topsail-Runners, Main Bowlines, Mizon Sheats, and Winding Tackle Falls.

Double Ironbound

The Toptackle Falls for all Ships are reeved through them, the upper ones hook into a Thimble at the End of the Toprope Pendant; and the lower ones has a Swivel in the Iron binding, and hooks either to an Eye or Ring-bolt upon Deck; and so are those for the Catt Falls for Ships from 70 Guns downwards, but with a large Hook, which takes the Shank of the Anchor.

Longtackle

Has one large and one small Shive, one above another, and are used for all single Tackles.

Single

Has only one Shive.

Clewgarnet & Clewline

Are made with a Shoulder, and Holes bored through the same, for the Strap to go through, in order for Lashing the former about the Yards.

Racks

Are lashed to each Side of the Gammoning in the Head, and has several Shives one above another, through which the Spritsail-lifts, Buntlines, Clewlines, and Sprit Topsail Sheats go.

Sheat

Spritsail

Are turn'd, and has Holes for the Pendants (which serve as a Strap)
to go through.

Topsail

Are made with Shoulders, and lashed to the Low Yard Arms, in order
to hall Home the Topsail Sheats.

Snatch

Has a Hole bored at the Tapering-end, and a Notch cut in the upper Part, for a Bite of a Rope to be put in.

Top

Are bound with Iron, and a Hook turned from the same to hang in the Eye-bolt of the Cap; has a Brass Shive and an Iron Pin, through which Block, the Pendant of the Toprope goes for getting up the Topmasts.

Voyal

The Shive has a Brass Coak let into it, which works on an Iron Pin, by reason of the great Strain-hove by the Voyal (brought round the Capston) when purchasing the Anchor.

Warping

Made in the same manner as the Snatch are, but lighter, with a long Iron Pin, which serves the Man that warps off the Yarn from the Winches, for a Handle to hold by.

Treble

Has three Shives, are used for Fore and Main Jeers for Ships from 100 to 80 Guns; for the Foretop Bowlines of all Rates; Mizon Jeers from 100 to 60 Guns, and Winding Tackle Falls from 100 to 40 Guns.

D^o. Ironbound

With a large Hook for the Catropes, and allowed to Ships from 100 to 80 Guns.

Bluffheaded

A Ship is said to be so, when she is built with small, or too upright Rake forward on.

Board

Elm

Is used for several Services about the Yard, on board Ships, and repairing Boats, _&c._

Firr

For sheathing Ships Bottoms, flooring their Cabbins, and making Moulds, _&c._

Board Wainscot

For building Barges, Pinnaces and Wherries; and other Uses relating to the Joyners.

Boats

Barge

Rows with twelve Oars; are allowed to the Flag Officers, as Pinnaces are to Captains.

Launces

Made use of by the Master's Attendant for transporting Ships, are built of a great Breadth, and low to the Water for the more conveniently coyling transporting Hawsers in.

Longboat

Is the largest Boat belonging to a Ship, and the strongest built, being used for carrying Water, or Officers Stores to and from the Ship.

Pinnace

All Ships are allowed one, for the Use of the Commanders.

Wherry

Are allowed to some of the Yard Officers.

Yawl

Are the inferior and smallest Boats allowed Ships.

BoatTackle Pendants

Are fastened with an Eye pretty near the Ends of the Fore and Main-Yards, with Longtackle Blocks, and through them pass the Falls which are used for hoisting in the Boat upon the Booms, or out of the Ship.

Boatswain

Is the Officer, who receives into his Charge all the standing and running Rigging, Cables, Cordage, Anchors, Sails, Boats, and other Stores by Indenture.

Bollards

Are large Posts set into the Ground, on each Side of a Dock, and to them (on docking or undocking Ships) are lashed large double or treble Blocks, through which are reeved the Transporting Hawsers to be brought to the Capstons.

Bolsters

The Smiths lay them on their Anvils, when they stretch or open Holes with Pins.

Bolts

Chain

Goes through an Eye of the Chain-plate to be drove into the Ship's Side.

Clench

When drove, are to be clench'd at each End, to keep them from starting or flying out.

Drawn

Are of a superior Length, to be cut, upon occasion, of different Lengths, as wanted.

Drive

Are used to drive out other Bolts.

Eye

Are drove into Ships Decks or Sides, for Tackle Hooks to hook in, when a great Purchase is depending.

Fender

Made with thick Heads, to be drove into Waals, to save the Ship's Sides from Bruises.

Forelock

Has a small Eye at one End, in which the Forelock is driven, to prevent starting out.

Hatch-barr

Are small ones, for fastening the Bars down on the Hatches in Time of Fight.

Ragg

Are full of Jaggs or Barbs on each Side, to keep them from flying out of the Timber into which they are drove.

Ring

Serve for bringing to the Ports, when the Bars are put through their Rings, _&c._

Sett

Are for bringing Planks or other Works close to one another.

Wrain

Has a Ring at one End for a Staff to go through, and small Holes made toward the other End for Forelocks, and are used on Frames of Ships for bringing Planks, _&c._ to the Sides.

Bolt Staves

Square Bars of Iron, cut into different Lengths, just put into the Fire, and their Edges rounded off, preparative to their being forged into Bolts of any Diameter or Size, as may be wanted in Haste.

Bonnets

Are small Sails to be laced on upon the Main or Foresails, and Jibbs of Sloops, Yachts or Hoys, when fair, or to be taken off in foul Weather.

Boom

When a Ship makes all the Sail she can, they say she comes Booming; also those Poles with Bushes or Baskets on the Top, which are placed near Lakes, to direct how to steer into a Channel, are called Booms.

Booms

Fire

Are made out of long Sparrs, and fitted with a Spud of Iron at the End, and ferril'd; their Use is to prevent Fire-ships boarding, or fending off any others that may fall on board them.

Flying Jib

Runs up the Bowsprit, from which the flying Jib sail is hoisted.

Studdingsail

Goes along the Yards, through Irons fixed on them, that when they sail before the Wind, the studding Sail being set, causes the Ship to go through the Sea with greater Swiftness.

Boom Irons

Are made with two Rings, the large one clips the Yard, and the Booms go through the small one.

Boothose Tops

Are laid on about three Strakes of Plank below the Waters Edge with Tallow, and are generally given Ships when ordered on a Cruize.

Bowles

Are allowed the Boatswain, for the Use of the Men to put their Provision in.

Bowsprits

Of the Growth of _New-England_ or _Riga_, are always wrought into sixteen Squares, before brought from thence, and are received into Store by their Diameter in Inches.

When on board, they lie steeving on the Head of the Stern, having the lower End fastened to the Partners of the Fore-mast, and a Gammoning reeved several Times through the Knee of the Head, and farther supported by the Fore-stay. It carries the Sprit-sail-yard, (Sprit-top-mast in three Deck Ships) Jack Staff and flying Jib Boom.

Bowline

Is a Rope fastened in three or four Parts of the Leech of the Sail, which is called the Bowline Bridle, but the Mizon Bowline is fastened at the lower End of the Yard.—All Sails have it except the Spritsail and Sprit-top-sail, and therefore those Sails cannot be used close by a Wind; for the Use of the Bowline is to make the Sails stand sharp, close, or by a Wind.

Bowline Knot

Is a Knot that will not slip, by which the Bowline Bridle is fastened to the Cringles.

Bowse

Signifies as much as hawl or pull, thus, hawling upon the Tack is called bowsing upon the Tack, and when they would have the Men pull altogether, they say, Bouse away.

Braces

All the Yards in a Ship, except the Mizon, has two; there is a Pendant made with an Eye, which goes round the Yard Arms, at whose other End there is a Block, through which the Brace is reeved, and their use is to square, traverse, or right the Yard, that is, to bring it so, that it shall stand at Right Angles with the Length of the Ship. The Main Brace comes to the Poop, the Main-top-sail Brace to the Mizon Top, and thence to the Main Shrouds; the Fore and Fore-top-sail Braces come down by the Main and Main-top-mast Stays, and so all the rest: But the Mizon Bowline serves for a Brace to that Yard, and the Cross Jack Braces are brought forward to the Main Shrouds, and the Mizon-top-sail Braces go through Blocks at the Mizon Peek.

Brackets

Are Pieces fayd on the Outside of the Timbers in the Head, and between the Stern and Gallery Lights, and were formerly carved.

Brails

Small Ropes reeved through Blocks, which are seized on either Side of the Mizon Course, a little Distance off upon the Yards, so that they come down those Sails, and are fastened at the Skirt of them to the Cringles. Their use is for furling the Mizon, to hawl up its Bunt, that it may the more readily be taken up or let fall. These Brails belong to Yachts, and Hoys Main-sails.

Brasses for Wheels

Are let into the Heads of Laying or Spinning Wheels at the Rope Yard, for the Whirls to work on.

Breast Hooks

Are crooked Pieces of Timber lying transverse to the Stem, which being bolted on both Sides, and also through the Stem, they thereby brace both Bows together.

Breeming

Is burning off the Weeds, Filth, _&c._ (which a Ship contracts under Water,) with Furze, Faggots or Reed, before her Bottom is caulked and graved, and this is done when in the Dock, on the Carreen, or on the Ground ashore.

Brimstone

Being mixed with Oyl, is used by the Master Caulker for paying Ships Bottoms.

Brooms

For cleaning the Ships, Store-houses, or Yards, _&c._

Brushes

Blacking

Used by the Boatswain for blacking the Ship's Yards, _&c._

Large

For cleaning Admirals, Captains and Lieutenants Cabbins on board a Ship.

Brushes Tarr

For paying Rigging, Masts, or Blocks, _&c._

Buckets

Used for drawing Water to clean the Decks, _&c._

Bucklers

Are to prevent the Water washing in at the Hawse-holes.

Buildgeways

A Frame of Timber fayd to the Outside of a Ship under her Buildge, for the more securely and commodiously launching her.

Bulk of a Ship

Is her whole Content in the Hold for Stowage.

Bulkhead

Is a Partition that goes athwart the Ship, as at the great Cabbin, Steerage and Forecastle, _&c._

Bunt

Is the middle Part of the Sail, when formed into a Kind of Bag or Cavity, that the Sail may receive the more Wind, and is chiefly used in Top-sails.

Buntlines

Are small Ropes, made fast to the Bottom of the Sails, in the middle Part of the Boltrope to a Cringle, and so are reeved through a small Block, seized to the Yard; their Use is to trice up the Bunt of the Sail, for the better furling of it up.

Buoys

Cann

Are hooped with Iron, and made very strong, in Shape of a Cann; their Use is to lie on Shoals or Sands for Marks.

Nunn

Are made tapering at each End, and filled with Rhine Hoops and some Iron, which being strapped with Ropes, are fastened to the Buoy-rope, so as to float directly over the Anchor.

Wood

Are made out of old Masts, _&c._ and hath a large Hole made at one End, through which the Buoy-rope is reeved, and serves for the aforesaid Uses: From hence the Word Buoyant, signifies any Thing that is floatable.

Burden or Burthen

Of a Ship, is her Content, or the Number of Tuns she will carry, to compute which, (according to the Rule of Shipwrights Hall) is to multiply the Length of the Keel, by her Breadth and half Breadth, and divide by 94, gives the Number of Tuns.

Burton

Is a small Tackle, to be fastened any where at Pleasure, fitted with two single Blocks, and its Use is to hoist small Things.

Ditto Pendants

Short Ropes, which at one End is fastened either to the Head of the Mast, End of the Yards, on the Main Stay, or Back of the Rudder; and at the other End hath a Thimble spliced in, or a Block to reeve a Fall through.

Butt

Is the End of any Plank which joins to another on the Outside of a Ship under Water; and therefore when a Plank is loose at one End, they call it springing a Butt, to prevent which, they are usually bolted at the Ends.

Buttock

That Part of the Ship's Stern under the Wing Transom, whether round or square.

Bow

Is the Round of a Ship's Side forward, reckoned from the After-bitts (on the Gundeck) to the Stem; if she hath a broad Bow, they call it a Bold-bow; if a narrow thin Bow, its called a Lean-bow.

Cables

Allowed a Ship for Channel Service, are distributed in this Manner, two being spliced together are called the Sheat-shot; three, the Best-bower; one the Small-bower, and one Spare; but if they go a Foreign Voyage, then they are allowed another, which is either bent to the Spare or Small-bower, and are all of one Size; and all Ships are likewise allowed a Stream, which being bent to their respective Anchors, holds the Ship fast when she rides. To serve round, or Plat the Cable, is bind about it old Rope, Canvas, _&c._ to keep it from gawling in the Hawse, _&c._ Splice the Cable, is to make two fast together, by working the several Strands one into the other. Coyl the Cable, is to roll it up round in a Ring, of which the several Rolls one upon another are called the Cable Tire. Pay or Veer more Cable, is let more out from the Ship. When two or three Cables are spliced together, it is called a Shot.

Callipers

Are for taking the Diameter of Timber, Masts, Yards, and Bowsprits, before received into Store.

Caulking

Is driving in Ocham, spun Hair, or Hemp, into the Seams of the Planks, to prevent the Ship's Leaking.

Cambring

A Deck lies Cambring, when it lies not level, but higher in the Middle than at either End: Also if the Keel is bent in the Middle upwards, they say, She is Camberkeeled.

Candles

Are used in the several Offices, by the Artificers to work at Night, in Ships Holds, for taking out their Ballast, and are allowed Quarterly to the Officers of the Ships in Ordinary.

Canvas

Used for making Sails, Awnings, Tarpawlings, _&c._

Canvas Hoses

Are for starting Water into or out of Casks.

Cap

Is a square Piece of Timber put over the Head, or upper End of the Mast, having a round Hole to receive the Mast; by them the Top-masts and Top-gallant-masts are kept steady and firm in the Tressle-trees, where their Feet stand, as those of the lower Masts do in their Steps.

Capstons

Are of two Kinds in a Ship, the Jeer and the Main. The Jeer Capston is placed between the Main and Fore-mast, and its Use is chiefly to heave upon the Jeer, or to heave upon the Voyal, when the Anchor is weighing. The Main is placed Abaft the Main-mast, its Foot, or lower End standing in a Step on the lower Deck, and its Head is between the two upper Decks. Its several Parts are thus called, the main Substance or Post is the Barrel or Spindle; the Brackets set upon the Body are called Whelps; the thick Piece of Elm at the End of the Barrel, in which the Barrs go, is called the Drum-head. The Pawl is a Piece of Iron bolted at one End to the Beams, or upon Deck, close to the Body of the Capston, to stop it from turning back, and this they call Pawl the Capston; the Use of them are to weigh the Anchors, hoist up or strike down Top-masts, heave any weighty Thing, or to strain any Rope that requireth a main Force. The Terms are, Come up Capston, (_i. e._) slack the Voyal which you heave by, in which Sense also they say, Launch or Pawl, that is, stop it from going back.

Capston Pins & Chains

Goes into the Drum-head of the Capston, and through the Barrs to prevent them flying out of the Holes.

Carreen

A Ship is said to be brought on a Carreen, when the most Part of her Lading, _&c._ being taken out, she is laid along-side of the Hulk, which being lower than her, is hawled down as low as Occasion requires, in order to trim her Bottom, to caulk her Seams, or to mend any Thing that is at fault under Water.

Carlings

Are square Pieces of Timber ranging from Beam to Beam Fore and Aft the Ship, which being supported by Scores in their respective Beams, they thereby contribute to strengthen the Deck.

Carpenter

Is the Officer charged with the Masts, Yards and Stores proper to his Province.

Carvel Work

In Boats, the Boards are fayd to lye fair to one another, so as that the Seams of Longboats and Pinnaces may be caulked without Difficulty.

Catharpings

Are small Ropes running in little Blocks from one Side of the Shrouds to the other, near the Deck; their Use is to force the Shrouds taught, for the Ease and Safety of the Masts when the Ship rowls; they are also used at the upper Part of the Shrouds, but there, worn Rope, from three and an half, to two and an half Inches is used, and do not run through Blocks, but has several turns taken in them, and are made fast.

Cathead

Pieces of Timber projecting over the Ship's Bow from the Fore-Castle at the After-end of the upper Rail of the Head, so far as to clear the Flook of the Anchor from the Ship's Side, in order to lodge it on the fore Channel, that it may the more freely be let go again to Anchor the Ship in any Road or Harbour. At one End of which Shivers are let in, in which is reeved a Fall which passes through a large Iron bound treble or double Block; and at the End of a Pendant a large Hook is fixed, and called the Fish Hook, and is to trice up the Anchor from the Hawse to the Top of the Fore-Castle.

Chafe

A Rope Chafes when it galls or frets by rubbing against any Thing that is rough or hard.

Chains

Buoy

Are used for rideing the Cann Buoys on the Shoals or Sandheads.

Pendant

Are large, one End of them being made fast to a Claw ashore, and the other to the Moaring Cable; the Ships in Harbour Ride by them.

Shankpainter

Goes round the Shank of the Anchor to support it, when hove up at the Bow.

Top

Are for slinging the Yards in Time of Fight.

Channels

Are Fore, Main and Mizon, which is Plank placed an Edge, against the upper Edge of the Waal, and of a convenient Length for such a Number of dead Eyes the Ship requires, and so broad as to keep the Shrouds from touching the upper Rails.

Channel Waals

Are wrought thicker than the Plank, and goes Fore and Aft; are placed in the Midship against the upper Deck, and shews the Sheer of the Ship; besides, is a great Strengthening to her Sides, as well as Benefit of shoreing her in a Dock.

Chambers for Pumps

Are Cast in Brass, which were used formerly, and put into the lower Part of the Pump, to prevent the Chain, when working, from galling the Pump.

Carts

Dung

Runs on two Wheels, is made close for carrying Earth, Ballast, _&c._

Rave

Runs on two Wheels, and is made open, not unlike a Waggon.

Scandaroon

Runs on two solid Truck Wheels, and is for carrying Timber.

Timber

Runs on four solid Truck Wheels, fitted with Iron Axle Trees and Brass Coaks; and on them the Timber is put out of the Hoys, to be carried to its respective Births about the Yard.

Charcoal

Used by the Plumber for melting Sodder, and by the Sail-maker for stoving Boltropes.

Chase

Signifies Pursuit.

Cheeks of the Head

Are small Knees fayd on each Side of the Knee of the Head, bracing it securely to both Bows.

Ditto for Masts

Are two pieces of Oak fayd to the Head of the Mast on each Side, to make good the Want of Firr, and also makes them stronger than if they were made out of the same Tree.

Chestrees

Are Pieces of Timber fayd perpendicularly up and down the Ship's Sides, not quite so far forward as the Fore-castle; their Use is for the Main Tack to be hawl'd through.

Chests

To hold

Arms

Small Arms.

Colour

The Boatswain's Colours, _&c._

Compass

The Compasses.

Nail

The Carpenter's Nails.

Powder

The Gunner's Powder.

Chimneys

Are made of Copper, and placed on the Fore-castle for carrying Smoak clear out of the Cook-Room.

Chyrurgeon

Is to take Care of the sick, maimed or wounded Seamen on board.

Clamps

Strakes of Plank in great Ships, on the Gundeck, eight or nine Inches thick, fayd to the Sides, to support the Ends of the Beams.

Ditto Hanging

May be fixed to any Place about the Ship's Sides for fastening Ropes to, to hold Stages for the Men to work on, _&c._

Claws

For Moarings are framed of Wood, piled and Land tyed with a Piece of thick Timber a-cross next the Water's Edge, in which is an Iron Shackle let in, for the Pendant Chain to be fixed to.

Clay

Made use of by the Scavel Men and Labourers, for filling up Dams to keep out Water, from running into the Docks, _&c._

Cleats

Are to belay small Rigging to; likewise all Yards have a Pair in the Slings to stop; the Parrell and Jeer Blocks, and a Pair at each Yard-Arm to stop the Straps of the Topsail Sheat Blocks from sliding any further on.

Clencher Work

The Boards are laid landing one upon the Edge of the other, not unlike Weather boarding, and worked so, on Deal Yawls.

Clew

Of the Sail, is the lower Corner which reaches down to the Earing, where the Tacks and Sheats are fastened, so that when a Sail is cut, goreing, or slopeing by Degrees, it is said to spread a great Clew.

Clew garnet

Is a Rope fastened to the Clew of the Sail, and from thence runs in a Block, seized to the Middle of the Fore or Main Yard; its Use is to hawl up the Clew of the Sail, close to the Middle of the Yard, in order to its being furl'd.

Clewline

Is the same to the Top-sails, Top-gallant-sails and Sprit-sails, as the Clew-garnet is to the Fore and Main Courses, and is of the very same Use in a Gust of Wind; when a Topsail is to be taken in, they first hawl home the Lee Clewline, and then the Sail is taken in the easier.

Clinch

Is that Part of a Cable which is bent to the Ring of the Anchor, seized or made fast.

Coach

Is before the Bulk-head of the Round-house or Captain's Cabbin on the Quarter Deck, when a Flag Ship, and made use of for dining in, as the Steerage is.

Coaks

Are made of Brass, and let into the Shives of Voyal Blocks through which the Iron Pin goes; and also into the Wheels of Timber Carts wherein the Iron Axle-trees work.

Coats

Are Pieces of tarr'd Canvas which are put about the Masts at the Partners, and are also used at the Rotherhead, and there called a Helm-coat.

Cocks

Furnace

Are soddered on to the Furnaces to let their liquor out, _&c._

Stop

Are used at the Cistern the Men Pump the Water into, with which they can stop any Branch or Pipe that goes to the Officers Lodgings, or the Jetty Heads for watering Ships.

Water

Are used at the Officers Lodgings, _&c._

Bosses

Are square Pieces of Brass into which the Cocks are sodder'd.

Cockpit

Is a Plat-form on the Orlop Abaft, where the Steward Room, Purser and Chirurgeon's Cabbins are built.

Cold Chissels

Are for cutting off any Bolt.

Collar

Of the Forestay is seized round the Bowsprit, the Main fastened about the Beak-head, and the Mizon about the Main-mast, having dead Eyes fixed in them, through which the Lanyards go, as well as those at the End of the Stays.

Collers

Are used by the Smiths to work Anchors in.

Colours, Ensigns

Is the Flag hoisted at the Stern of a Ship, in the Canton of which the Union is placed.

Colours

Flags

Are Colours which the Admirals of the Fleet are allowed. The Admiral carries his at the Main-top-mast-head; the Vice-Admiral at the Fore, and the Rear-Admiral his at the Mizon-top-mast-head; beside there is allowed to each Flag a Proportion of Signal Colours.

Lord High Admiral

Is a red Flag, which has the Anchor and Cable in yellow Bewper, placed in the Center of it.

Pendants

Are of different Lengths, cut pointing towards the End, and there divided into two Parts, and are hoisted on a Spindle at the Top-mast-head; and those for Yard Arms are called Distinction Pendants, and used for Signals.

Jacks

Are hoisted on a Staff at the Bowsprit End, and made in the same Manner (those for Men of War) as the Union Flags are; and those for Naval Vessels have the Arms of the Office the Vessel belongs to, placed in them.

Standard

Hoisted at the Main-top-mast-head when His Majesty is on board; when the Admiral of the Fleet hoisteth it at the Mizon-top-mast-head it is for all Flag Officers. When in the Mizon Shrouds the _English_ Flags only; and when put abroad at the Mizon-top-mast-head and a Pendant at the Mizon Peek, then the Flags and Land General Officers; when on the Ensign Staff, the Vice or Rear Admirals of the Fleet, or those that Command in the second or third Posts, are to come aboard.

Vanes

Are allowed Boatswains to put at the other Mastheads, where the Pendant don't fly.

Comeings

Are Comeing Carlings, that go Fore and Aft on the middle and upper Deck, as far as where the Grateings are; the Midship Edge has a Rabbit for the Grateings to lodge in, and the Edge is as much above the Deck, as the Deck is thick, to stop the Water. The Hatchways on the Gun Deck has Comeings round them, but Comeing Carlings is only Plank sayd flat on the Deck, so thick as to turn the Water.

Commanders

Are used by the Riggers or Seamen, with which they drive in the Fidds for Spliceing Cables, _&c._

Compasses

Azimuth

Is an Instrument made in a large Brass Box, with Imbers and a broad Limb, having Ninety Degrees diagonally divided, with an Index and Thread to take the Sun's Amplitude or Azimuth, in order to find the Difference between the Magnetical Meridian and the Sun's Meridian, which shews the Variation of the Compass.

Brass Box

They stand in the Bittacle, that the Men at the Steering Wheel may see to keep the Ship in her right Course.

Hanging

Flag Officers are generally furnished with them to hang up in their great Cabbins.

Cond

Is to Guide or Conduct a Ship in her right Course; he that Conds gives the Word of Direction to the Men at the Steering Wheel how to Steer.

Cook

Is a Warrant Officer that dresses the Ship's Companys Victuals.

Cookroom

Is variously seated, generally in the Fore-Castle, but in some great Ships it is on the Middle Deck, and in lesser on a Plat-form under the Deck.

Cordage

Is in general all the Ropes belonging to the Standing or Running Rigging of a Ship, and is also distinguished by,

Cablelaid

Is made with nine Strands, (_i. e._) the first three Strands are laid slack, and then three of them being closed together makes a Cable or Cablet; the same for Tacks, but they are laid tapering.

Hawserlaid

Is made only with three Strands.

Stays

Are Cablelaid, but made with four Strands as Cables are with three, with an Addition of an Heart which goes through the Center of them.

Counter

Is the arching Part of the Stern above the Wing Transom, and the lower is from the Wing Transom to the Upper Deck, and the other is from the Upper Deck to the lower Edge of the Ward-room or Great Cabbin, the Projecture of which, is lower almost the Quadrant of a Circle.

Course

The Point of the Compass on which a Ship Steers.

Courses

In a Ship are her low Sails, and when she Sails under them only, they say she goes under her Courses.

Coxswain

Is the Person who sits in the Box at the Boat's Stern, Steers her, hath the Direction and Command of the Boat's Crew.

Coyle

When Cables or Ropes are placed in a round or oval Ring, one fake (or turn) upon one another, so that they may the more easily be stowed out of the Way, and also run out free and smooth without Kinks as they call them, _i. e._ without twisting or doubling, then they are said to be coyled up.

Crabb

An Engine of Wood with three Claws placed on the Ground like a Capston, and is used at launching or heaving Ships into the Dock.

Cradle

A Frame of Timber fayd to the Outside of a Ship under her Buildge, for the more securely and commodiously Launching her.

Craft

Are small Vessels, such as Ketches, Hoys, Smacks, _&c._ they call all such small Craft.

Cramps

Short Pieces of Iron, whose Ends being turned down, are let into Stones, and melted Lead being run into the Holes, binds two Stones fast together.

Cranes

Are placed on the Wharfs for hoisting up Anchors, Timber, and other bulky Weights.

Cranes Chimney

For hanging a Kettle or Pot on in the Cook Room.

Cranes Gangway

Are hung in the Wast of the Ship, and when Deals are laid on them, make a Gangway from the Quarter Deck to the Fore-Castle.

Crank

A Term for a Ship that cannot bear her Sails for fear of overseting, or cannot be brought on Ground without Danger of injureing her Body.

Cranks

Bell

Made fast to the Stock, for ringing it.

Lantern

Supports the Lanterns, either at the Ship's Stern, or at the Round Top.

Creeper

Made like a Grapnel, but without Flooks, the Use of which is to recover sunken Stores that may be lost over-board.

Cringles

Are small Pieces of Rope spliced into the Body Rope of Courses and Topsails, and are,

_First_, The Bowline Cringle, to which the Bowline Bridle is fastened.

_Second_, Leech Cringle, where the Leechlines and Clewgarnets are made fast.

_Third_, Reef Cringle, to which is fastened the Reef-tackle Tye.

There are also Cringles made of Iron, which are Rings to go round the Stays of Hoys or Yachts, and are seized to their Fore-sails and Jibbs for the more easy hoisting them.

Crossjack

Is a Yard flung at the upper End of the Mizon Mast under the Top; it hath no Halyards belonging to it; its Use is to spread and hawl Home the Mizon-top-sail Sheats.

Crosspiece.

Is a great Piece of Timber which goes a-cross the Bitts of a Ship, and about which several Turns of the Cable are taken when she Rides at Anchor.

Crosstrees.

Are Pieces that go a-cross the Tressle-trees at each of the standing Mast-heads; there are two and three to a Top-mast.

Crotches

Are very crooked Pieces of Timber in the Hold or Bread-room, from the Mizon Step Aft, fayd cross the Keelson to strengthen the Ship in the Wake of the half Timbers.

Crotches Iron

Are used on board Sloops or Long Boats, which go with Shoulder of Mutton Sails, for their Boom to lodge upon.

Crows

Are made with a Claw at one End, and a sharp Point at the other, and used for heaving or purchasing great Weights.

Crowfoot

Are small Ropes put through the Holes of dead Eyes, and divided into several Parts, and spreads from the Rim of the Tops, pointways to a Tackle on the Stays, for preventing the Topsails getting foul of them.

Cuddy

Is a Place upon the Quarter Deck Afore the Captain's Cabbin. When an Admiral is on board, it is divided into Partitions for the Secretary's Office.

Culm

Is used for burning _Plymouth_ Marble Stone, or Chalk, to make Lime.

Davit

A Piece of Timber in a Ship having a Notch at one End, in which, by a Strap, hangs a Block called the Fish Pendant Block, the Use of which is, to hawl up the Flook of the Anchor, in order to fasten it to the Ship's Bow; this Davit is shiftable from one Side to the other as occasion serves.

Dead Eyes

Are a Kind of Blocks having three Holes in them, and through them the Lanyards go, which make fast the Shrouds below to the Chains; the Fore, Main and Mizon Stays of a Ship are set taught by dead Eyes, but they have only one Hole through which the Lanyards have several Turns passed through them.

Crowfoot

Has a great many Holes bored through them, wherein is reeved the Crowfoot for the Top.

Ironbound

Serves (in Case a Chain Plate gives way) with being hooked to a Shroud Ess as a Chain Plate.

Dead

Reckoning

Is that Estimation, Judgment or Conjecture which is made where a Ship is, by keeping an Account of her Way by the Logg, in knowing the Course they have steered by the Compass, and by rectifying all the Allowance for Drift, Leeway, _&c._ according to the Ship's Trim, so that this reckoning is without any Observation of the Sun, Moon and Stars, and is to be rectified as often as any good Observation can be had.

Riseing

Are Pieces of Timber put on the Keel one upon another Afore and Abaft; there is more or less according as the Ship is either full or lean; if the latter, the dead Wood is so put that the Floor Timbers would be within a Square.

Water

Is the Water just behind the Stern of a Ship, and if a great Eddy follows her, they say, she makes much Dead-water; this is called so, because it doth not pass away so swiftly as the Water running by her Side.

Deals Ordinary

Are used by the House Carpenters and Joyners for Flooring, making Bulk-heads, _&c._

Deals Prusia

For Ships upper Works, or laying their Decks.

Deck

Is a planked Floor, on which the Guns lye, and Men walk. In great Ships there are three Decks, Upper, Middle and Gun, besides a Quarter Deck, which reaches from the Bulk-head of the Round-house, to very near the Main-mast.

Diall

A Square Piece of Wood, framed and made not unlike the Dial Plate of a Clock, whereon the Hours are painted, fixed to the Mizon-Mast, and after the Ship's Bell being struck, they put the Hand of it to the Hour.

Dipping Needle

A Magnetical Needle, so hung, that instead of playing horizontally, and pointing out _N_° and _S_°, one End dips and inclines to the Horizon, the other Points to a certain Degree of Elevation.

Division

Or Squadron, being Part of a Fleet, commanded by a Flag Officer or Commodore.

Dock

Is made by the Side of the Harbour for taking in Ships, and Men to work in, in order to build or repair them.

A Dry-Dock, the Water is kept out by Gates, 'till a Ship is built or repaired, but after that, can easily be let in to Float and Launch her.

A Wet-Dock is a Place where a Ship lies a Float at all Times of Tide to be repaired in.

Dogger

A small Vessel built after the _Dutch_ fashion, with a narrow Stern, and commonly but one Mast.

Doggs

Fire

To burn Wood on.

Timber

Are drove into Timber for Horses to draw it about the Yard, or to the Saw-pits.

Drabler

Made of Canvas, to be added to a Bonnet when there is need of more Sail.

Drags

Are for clearing the Aprons of the Docks of the Filth, that the Gates may the better, and without Difficulty, open and shut.

Drift Sail

Used under Water, veered Right out a-head, upon the Sea in a Storm, being to keep the Ship's Head Right upon the Sea.

Drive

A Ship is said to drive, when her Anchors will not hold her fast; to prevent which, they Veer out more Cable, (for the more she has out, the surer and safer she Rides) or else they let go more Anchors.

Earing

Is that Part of the Boltrope which at the four Corners of the Sail is left open in the Form of a Ring; the two uppermost of which are put over the Yard-Arms to fasten the Sail to the Yard: And into those at the Foot, the Tacks and Sheats are seized or bent to the Clews.

Ease the Ship

Done by slackening the Shrouds when they are too stiff set up.

Eddy

When the Water turns back contrary to the Tide.

End for End

When a Rope is all run out of the Block, _&c._

Engines Water

Are for extinguishing any Fire that may happen on board a Ship, when Breaming, Cleaning, or Graving, on which occasion a Number stand ready filled with Water on each Side of the Dock, and Mann'd, to prevent any fatal Accident of Fire.

Esses

Kettle

For a Kettle or Pot to hang on in the Cook-Room.

Shroud

To hook into an Iron-bound dead Eye, to serve as a Chain-plate in Case of Need.

Eye

The Compass or Ring left in the Strap of any Block, which is called the Eye of the Strap.

Fagg

The End of those Strands which do not go through the Tops, when a Cable or Rope is closed, are called Faggs.

Fake

Is one Round or Circle of a Cable or Hawser coyled up out of the Way.

Fall

That Part of the Rope of a Tackle which is hauled upon, is called a Fall. Also when a Ship is under Sail, and keeps not so near the Wind as she should do, they say, She Falls off: Or when a Ship is not flush, but hath riseings of some Parts of her Decks more than others, it is called Falls.

Fashion Pieces

Are two Compassing Pieces of Timber, into them are fixed on each Side, the Transom.

Fathom

A Line of small Rope cut six Feet long, and used for measuring the Length of Cables and Cordage.

Fend

For defending or saving a Boat from being staved against the Rocks, Shore, or Ships Sides.

Fenders

Signifies any Pieces of Junk or old Cable, hung over the Ship's Sides, to keep others from rubbing against her. Boats have also the same.—Those made of Iron are for the Hearth in the Cook-Room.

Fidds

Spliceing

Are used to splice or fasten Ropes together, and are made tapering at one End; and so are those made of Wood, which are used for spliceing Cables. So there is also one goes through the Heel of the Top-mast, which bears upon the Chess-trees, and are called

Topmast

Top-mast Fidds.

Files

Are for wheting Saws, and used by the Smiths in their Works.

Fire

Fork Shovell Tongs

For the Use of the Cook-Room.

Fishes

Are Pieces of Timber put upon the Masts and Yards if sprung, or for strengthening them, least they should fail in Stress of Weather.

Fishing Geer