Chapter V (2)

A Sett which consists of Nets, Lines, Hooks, _&c._ is allowed to each Ship which goes to the _East_ and _West Indies_, _Virginia_, _Guinea_, _New England_, _New York_, _St. Helena_, and the _Cape_, and _South Carolina_.

Fish Pendant

Hangs at the End of the Davit, by the Strap of the Block, to which the Fish Hook is spliced, by which means the Flook of the Anchor is hawled up to the Ship's Bow or Chanwaal.

Flareing

When a Ship is a little housing in, near the Water, and the upper Work hangs over, or is broader aloft.

Flatts

Is a Midship, and as many Timbers Afore and Abaft, that has no more riseing than the Midship Flatt, are all called Flatts.

Flitting

Altering or removing a dead Eye in the Low or Top-mast Shrouds and Backstays, either to lengthen or shorten them, is called Flitting.

Float

Is an Instrument used by the Smiths to make their Work smooth, instead of a File.

Floor

Are those Timbers lying transverse to the Keel, being bolted through it; they are the first laid in the Order of building, and where the Floor sweep begins, there the Streight one Ends; and when there is a great many Flatts, that has little or no rising, than we say, She carries her Floor a great Way Fore and Aft. And strictly taken, is so much only of her Bottom as she rests upon, when lying a-ground.

Flown Sheats

A ship sails with Flown Sheats when they are not hauled Home, or close to the Blocks; they say when in a Gust of Wind, Let fly the Sheats, for fear the Ship should overset or spring her Top-masts.

Flush

When the Deck of a Ship has no Bulk-heads from Stem to Stern, they say, Her Decks are Flush Fore and Aft.

Foot waaling

Is all the Inboard Planking, from the Keelson upwards to the Orlop Clamps.

Fore Castle

Is that Part where the Fore-mast stands, and it is divided from the Rest of the Floor by the Bulk-head, in which generally the Cook-Room is built; as are the Boatswain, Carpenter and Cook's Cabbins.

Fore Foot

Is the foremost Part of the Keel, that first takes the Ground.

Forelocks

Are little flat Wedges made of Iron, used at the Ends of Bolts to keep them from flying out of the Holes.

Fore reach

A Ship fore reaches upon another, when both sailing together, one Sails better, or out goeth the other.

Forks

Breeming

Used by the Caulkers, to hold the Furz Faggots, when on fire, for cleaning Ships bottoms, when to be graved.

Flesh

For taking Pieces of Beef or Pork, when dressed by the Cook, out of the Furnaces.

Foul

When a Ship has been long untrimmed, so that Grass, Weeds, or Barnacles stick, or grow to her Sides under Water, she is then said to be Foul; also a Rope is Foul when it is either tangled in its self, or hindered by another, so that it cannot run or be over hawled.

Foul Water

A Ship is said to make Foul-water, when being under Sail, she comes into such Shoal Water, that though her Keel do not touch the Ground, yet she comes so near it, that the Motion of the Water under her, raiseth the Mud from the Bottom.

Founder

A Ship is said to Founder, when by any extraordinary Leak, or by a great Sea, breaking in upon her, she is filled with Water, that she cannot be freed of it, nor able to swim under it, but sinks with the Weight thereof.

Free

The Pump Frees a Ship when it throws out more Water than Leaks into her; but on the contrary, when it cannot throw out the Water so fast as it Leaks in, they say, The Pump cannot Free her; also bailing or lading Water out of a Boat, is called freeing the Boat.

Freeze

When Ships Quarters and upper Works are painted with Trophies, _&c._ then it is said they are freezed.

Fresh Shot

Signifies the falling down of any great River into the Sea.

Funnels

Copper

Are used as a Chimney, where Commanders have a Stove in the Great Cabbin.

Lead

Are fixt in the Galleries of Ships.

Furl

For wrapping up and binding any Sail close to the Yard, which is done by hauling upon the Clew-lines, Bunt-lines, _&c._ which wraps the Sail close together, and being bound fast to the Yard, with the Gaskets, the Sail is furled.

Furnaces

Copper

For dressing the Ship's Companies Victuals in, or heating Tar at the Rope Yard.

Iron

For heating Pitch, Tar or Turpentine for the Caulkers paying Ships Bottoms or Sides.

Furring

Is the regular fashioning out any Part when the main Piece of the Material is scanty, either by Defects, Wains, or want of Thickness, then a Piece of the same is put behind it, to make good its Thickness, which is called a Furr.

Furz Faggots

For Breeming Ships when in the Dock to be cleaned, or under Repair.

Futtocks

There are lower, second, third and fourth, and these Timbers being put together, make a Frame-bend.

Gage

When one Ship is to windward of another, she is said to have the Weather Gage of her.

Gages

Are used by the Smiths, for gageing Bolts, so as to make them of a true and right Size.

Gale

When the Wind blows not so hard but that a Ship can carry her Topsails a Trip, (that is, hoisted up to the Highest) then they say it is a Loom Gale. When it blows very strong, they say, it is a stiff, strong, or fresh Gale. When two Ships are near one another at Sea, and there being but little Wind blowing, one of them finds more of it than the other, they say, that the Ship Gales away from the other.

Gallery

Is that beautiful Frame, which is made at the Stern of a Ship without-board, into which there is a Passage out of the Admiral's or Captain's Cabbin, and are for stately Shew and Ornament to the Ship.

Gally

Is a Place in the Cook-Room, where the Grates are set up, and in which they make Fires, for boyling or roasting the Victuals.

Gammoning

Are several turns of Rope taken round the Bowsprit, and reeved through Holes in the Knee of the Head, for the greater Security of the Bowsprit.

Gang

To man the Boat, is to put a Gang of Men (which is a Company) into her, who are called the Boat's Crew.

Gangway

A Deal Plat-form, about three Feet wide in great Ships, ranging in the Wast from the Quarter Deck to the Fore Castle, over the upper Deck Guns, for a free Passage for the Officers and Men, in working the Ship either at Sea or in an Engagement; and so is the Walk made from the Ladder to the Quarter Deck, called the Gangway, and lies even with the Gunwale.

Garboard Strake

Is the Plank next the Keel, one Edge of which is run into the Rabit made in the upper Edge of the Keel on each Side.

Garnet

Is a Tackle in a Ship having a Pendant coming from the Main-mast, with a Block well seized to the Main-stay, just over the Hatchway, to which a Guy is fixed to keep it steady; and at the other End is a Long Tackle Block, in which the Fall is reeved, that so by it any Goods or Casks may be hauled and hoisted into, or out of the Ship; when this Garnet is not used, it is fastened along by the Stay.

Gaskets

Made out of Junk or Rope Yarns, are for fastening the Sails to the Yards when furled up.

Gin

Is a Machine made for driving Piles fitted with a Windlass and Winches at each End, where eight or nine Men heave, and round which a Rope is reeved, (that goes over a Wheel at the Top) whose End is seized to an Iron Monkey, that hooks to a Beetle of different Weights, according to the Pile they are to drive, being from Eight to Thirteen Hundred Weight, and when hove up to a cross Piece near the Wheel, it unhooks the Monkey, whereby the Beetle falls on the upper End of the Pile, and forces the same into the Ground, and the Monkey's own Weight over-halls the Windlass, in order for its being hooked again to the Beetle.

Girding-girt

A Ship is Girt, or hath a Girding Girt, when her Cable being so tight or strained upon the Turning of the Tide, she cannot go over it, but lies a-cross the Tide.

Glasses

Watch

Being four Hours, governs them at Sea, for changing the Watch.

Half Watch

Runs two Hours.

Half Hour

For keeping the Time of Day and Night.

Half Minute

Quarter Minute

By them they count the Knots, when they heave the log, in order for finding what Way the ship makes through the Sea.

Glew

Used by the Joyners and House Carpenters in their Works.

Goreing

A Sail is cut Goreing, when it is cut sloping by Degrees, and is broader at the Clew than at the Earing, as all Topsails and Topgallant Sails are.

Gooseneck

A Piece of Iron fixed on the End of the Tiller to which the Lanyard of the Whipstaff, or the Wheel Rope comes, for steering the Ship.

Goosewing

When a Ship Sails before, or with a Quarter Wind in a fresh Gale, to make the more Haste, they Launch out a Boom and Sail on the Leeside, to give the Ship more Way, and a Sail so fitted is called a Goosewing.

Grapnells

Boat

Are a Kind of Anchors being made with four Flooks for Boats to ride by.

Fire & Chain Hand & Chain

Are made with barbed Claws instead of Flooks; are used to be thrown into an Enemy's Ship, to catch hold of Rigging or any other Part of the Hull, in order for boarding her.

Grates

Are put up in the Cook-Room to make Fires in for dressing Victuals.

Grateings

Are a Kind of Lettice-work formed of Ledges and Battins, the square Holes of which being three or four Inches wide, are for the current footing of Men over the Hatchways, to give Air alow, and Vent for the Smoke in an Engagement.

Grate Irons

Are to loosen the Mud and Sullage of the Docks, which lodge in the Grates of the Drains.

Graving

Is bringing a Ship a-ground, and then burning off with Furz, Reed, or Broom, all the Filth and Foulness that Sticks to her Bottom without board, in order to pay her anew.

Gripe

Is a Piece of Timber fay'd against the lower Piece of the Stem, from the Fore-mast End of the Keel, reconciling with the Knee of the Head; its Use is to defend the lower Part of the Stem from any Injury, but is often made the larger to make the Ship keep a good Wind.

Gromets

Are small Rings formerly fastened with Staples to the Yards, to make fast the Gaskets, but now never used.

Ground-tackle

Is a Ship's Anchors, Cables, _&c._ and in general whatever is necessary to make her ride safe at an Anchor.

Grounding

Is bringing a Ship on Ground to be clean'd, trim'd, or have a Leak stop'd.

Ground toes

Are what come from the Hemp when dressed at the Hatchel for the Spinners, and out of which Deepsea, Hamburgh, or Cabbin Lines, Marlin, and white Ocham are made.

Gudgeons

Are the Eyes drove into the Stern-post, into which the Pintles of the Rother go to hang it.

Gunner

Has the Charge of all the Ordnance, Ammunition, Small Arms, and other Stores allowed the Ship in his Province.

Gunwale

Is the Top of the Side in the Wast of all Ships, _&c._ on the Fore-castle, where there are no Ports, is a Plansheer, over which the Guns are fired, but in Boats all Fore and Aft.

Guy

Is any Rope, used for keeping off Things from bearing or falling against the Ship's Side, when they are to be hoisted in; that Rope also which is made fast to the Fore-mast at one End, and seized to a single Block at the Pendant of the Garnet, is also called the Guy of the Garnet.

Haile

Is either to call to a Ship, to know from whence she is, where bound, salute her, or to wish her Health.

Hair Loose

Used by the Bricklayers in their Mortar, and by the Caulkers to lay on Sheathing Board.

Hair Spunn

Used by the Caulkers for Caulking the Seams of Ships.

Halberts

For the Use of the Warders, that do Duty at the Yard Gate, and Jetty Heads.

Hallyards

Are those Ropes by which they hoist up all the Topsail Yards; the Cross Jack and Spritsail Yard have none, because they are always slung.

Hammacoes

Are made of Canvas for the Seamen to lie in.

Hammers

Clench

Are made with hardened Edges, to clench Bolts, _&c._

Fidd

Their Handle is made tapering in the Form of a Fidd.

Hack

Are for notching the Edges of Hacksaws to saw Bolts.

Picking

Are used by the House Carpenters for dressing Grindstones, and Bricklayers on slateing and tyleing.

Sett

Are used by the Mast-makers for setting up Iron Hoops on Ships Masts, Yards, _&c._

Hances

Falls or Descents of the Fife Rails which are placed from the Stern down to the Gangways.

Hand Cuffs

Are for securing Pirates when taken Prisoners.

Hand Hooks

Are used by the Smiths to turn or twist square Iron.

Hand Screws Double}
Single}

Used for canting Timber, or other weighty Stores.

Handsplices

Used by the Smiths to drive in any Work that is hooped up, to cant or turn it.

Handspikes

Are used, at Sea to traverse the Ordnance, or heave withal at a Windlass in small Ships or Vessels to weigh the Anchor; and in the Yard, are used by the Labourers, in stowing or canting Timber, _&c._

Harbour

Where Ships may ride safe at an Anchor.

Harpings

Are the foremost Waal Pieces, rounding from the Stem Aft, either in Boat or Ship.

Hasps

For making fast Doors.

Hatchbarrs

Are for barring down the Hatches in Time of Fight.

Hatchells

Are made use of in the Rope Yard, being set with Teeth for dressing and preparing the Hemp to make it fit for spinning white Yarn.

Hatchets

Are allowed for cutting Rigging, or other Ropes and Services which they are proper for.

Hatchways

There are three, all on the Gun Deck, the Fore, Main, and After.

Hawl

Is the same Thing as what we call pulling a-shore.

Hawse

Bags

Are made of Canvas, tapering, stuffed full of Ocham, and are generally allowed small Ships, to prevent the Seas washing in at the Hawse Holes.

Pieces

Are large Pieces of Timber in the Bow of the Ship, in which are made two large Holes on each Side for the Cables to pass through.

Plugs

Are to put into the Holes for preventing the Water washing into the Manger.

Hawser

Is a Rope consisting only of three Strands, and used for Shrouds, _&c._ and there is a Kind of small Cablet, which consists of nine Strands, which is vulgarly called a Hawser, being generally used for transporting or warping Ships, _&c._

Head Sails

Are those Sails which belong to the Foremast and Bowsprit, because they govern the Head of the Ship, and make her fall off, or keep out of the Wind, and are in quarter Winds the chief drawing Sails.

Head Sea

Is when a great Wave or Billow of the Sea comes right a-head of a Ship when in her Course.

Hearth Staves

Are to clear the Smith's Fires, or raise the large Cinders.

Heave

Signifies to throw or fling any Thing over-board; also turning about the Capston, is called heaving at the Capston; likewise when a ship being at Anchor, riseth and falleth by the Force of the Waves, she is said to heave and set.

Heel

That Part of the Foot of any Mast, which is cut away in order for steping, is called the Heel of the Mast; but the Heels of Topmasts are square, through which they put the Fidd; also if a Ship lie on one Side, whether she be a-ground or a-float, they say she heels.

Helm

Is a Piece of Timber, fastened into the Rother Head, and comes as forward as the Bulk Head of the Gun Room, and he that steers the Ship, holds the Whipstaff in his Hand, which is fastened into the Helm, but lately they are left off, and Steering Wheels are made use of.

The Terms of Art belonging to the Helm are,

1 _Port the Helm_,—

That is, put the Helm over to the left Side of the Ship.

2 _Starboard the Helm_,—

That is, put it to the Right Side of the Ship.

3 _Right the Helm, or Helm a Midship_,—

That is, keep it even with the Middle of the Ship.

4 _Bear up the Helm_,—

That is, let the Ship go more large before the Wind.

5 _Bear up round_,—

That is, let the Ship go directly before the Wind, in the Middle between her two Sheats.

Helve

A Handle for Axes, Hammers or Mauls.

Hemp

Is brought from Riga, _Queenbro'_, _Russia_, _Petersburgh brock_, or _Konninsburgh_, is received into the Rope Yard, and wrought up into Cordage, Lines or Twine.

Hencoops

Are for keeping Fowls in.

Hinges

Butt

Are used by the Joyners for hanging Table Leaves, _&c._

Casement

Used for hanging them.

Dovetail

Ess

For light Doors or Lockers.

Garnet Cross

For hanging large Doors or heavy Scuttles.

Ditto Dozen

For hanging small Scuttles.

Locker joynts

Are used for small Lockers.

Port

For hanging Ships Ports.

Riseing

For Cabbin Doors, _&c._

Scuttle

For Scuttles.

Side

For Cabbin Doors, _&c._

Hitch

Is a Word to catch hold of any Thing with a Hook or Rope, and to hold it fast; thus when a Boat is to be hoisted in, Hitch the Tackles into the Ring Bolts of the Boat; so Hitch the Fish Hook to the Flook of the Anchor when they are about to weigh.

Hoist

Is for hawling up any Thing into the Ship, or getting up a Topmast, Yard, _&c._

Hold

Is all that Part of a Ship which lies between the Keelson and lower Deck, wherein are Bulk-heads, and they divided, are the Steward Room, Powder Room, Bread Room, and Boatswain and Carpenter's Store Rooms.

Hold Fasts

Are made of Iron, used by Joyners, House Carpenters, or Carvers; goes through their Benches to hold fast such Work as cannot be finished by its being held in the Hand.

Hold Off

Is a Term used in weighing the Anchor, when the Voyal is about the Capston; for if the Cables are stiff, or have lain long in Oazy Ground, unless that Part of the Cable heaving in, be hawled away hard by the Capston, the Voyal will surge or slip back, therefore must be hawled away as fast as it comes in, so as that it may keep close about the Whelps; and this Work is called holding off, and may be done by Hand with a small Cable; but in all great Ships, they hold off with Nippers, and in small Craft they bring the Cable to the Jeer Capston, or about a Windlass.

Hood

Is made of Copper, to go on the Top of the Chimney, (which is placed on the Fore-castle for carrying the Smoke out of the Cook Room) and to shift as the Wind does, that it may always fly out to leeward.

Hooks

When the Edges of Planks are fayd into one another thus, ᒥᒪᒥᒪᒥ it is said to be Hook and Butt.

Hooks

Boat

Are for fending or setting off Boats.

Cann

Are for hoisting Casks out or into the Ship.

Cant

Are for turning or canting large Masts, having at one End a Ring for a Hand-spike to go through, and at the other a Claw, which penetrates into the Masts when they are made Use of to turn them for Survey, _&c._

Fish

Is to take hold of the Shank of the Anchor when to be hove up to the Bow.

Flesh

With which the Cook takes the Beef and Pork out of the Furnaces.

Gamming

Used when Gammoning the Bowsprit.

Kettle

To hang the Kettles or Pots on over the Fire.

Laying

Are used by the Rope-makers when laying of Cordage.

Port

Are drove into the Ship's Sides, on which the Ports hang.

Puttock

For the Plates to hook upon.

Rave

Used by the Caulkers for picking the old Ocham out of the Seams of Ships, _&c._

Sheer

Are great Hooks let into, or put on the Main and Fore Yard Arms of Fireships, in order to fasten into an Enemy's Shrouds, Sails or Rigging.

Spinning

Are drove into the Rails for the Rope-makers to hang their Threads on, as they spin them.

Tackle

Spliced into the Straps of Blocks or Ends of Rope.

Hook Pinns

Are Bolts made with a shoulder at one End, and used by the House Carpenters in frameing, which they drive through the Mortice's and Tennants of the Work prepared for Building or Wharfing.

Hoops Iron

Anchor Stock Capston Masts

Are drove round them in order to their greater Strength and Security.

Hoops Wood

Mast

Nailed round them on each Side of the Wooldings.

Top

Fastened and nailed round the Rims of the Top.

Horse

Is a Rope in a Ship made fast at each Yard Arm, and on which the Men stand to furl the Sails; and is also a Frame of Wood the Riggers make use of to woold Ships Masts, which hath a Rowl fixed in it, whereon several Turns are taken for heaving the Rope taught round the Mast before the Nails are drove through the Rope.

Horse Irons

Used by the Caulkers, when they cannot come at a Seam with their common Irons.

Hounds

Are that shouldered Part of all Masts over which the Shrouds are put; and all above that is called the Mast-head.

Housed in

When the Breadth of a Ship's Bearing is brought in too narrow to her upper Works, or pinched in too much, she is Housed-in.

Hull

Is the main Body of a Ship without either Masts, Yards, Sails, or Rigging.

Hullock

Is some small Part of a Sail, let loose in a great Storm; it is chiefly used in the Mizon to keep the Ship's Head to the Sea when all the rest of the Sail is made up, except a little at the Mizon Yard Arm.

Hummers

Used by the Scavengers for rakeing up the Filth that comes off from the Ships Bottoms upon their being scrub'd, which settles at the Bottom of the Dock, or upon the Apron near the Gates; are made of Wood, not unlike a Rake.

Jeer

Is a large Rope reeved through treble or double Blocks, lashed at the Mast-head and on the Yard, which are to hoist or lower the Low-Yards.

Jewel

Made not unlike the Ring of an Anchor, and of Substance, that its Weight may carry it down, to purchase any Thing that is heavy under Water, when two Parts of a Cable or Rope are put through it, and as they heave, the Jewel slides down, jams the Bite, so as that it may not slip off the Purchase the Rope is about.

Jews Harp

Are made of Iron, and of such Substance and suitable Strength, as to be sufficient to hold the Pendant Chain where the Moaring Cable is bent to the Ring, and secured by a Forelock; the other End, which is round, takes the two short Pendant Chains the Rings of the Anchors are fastened to; as is the Wood Buoy and Chain.

Iron

Orground, _Stockholm_ and _Spanish_, used by the Smiths for making Anchors, Bolts, Hoops, and for all other Services where it is proper to be used in building Ships, or about the Docks, Wharfs, and Yard, _&c._

Iron Sick

A Ship or Boat is said to be Iron-sick, when her Bolts or Nails are so eaten with Rust, and so worn away, that they make hollows in the Planks, so as to make the Ship Leaky.

Junk

Is old Cables cut into short Lengths, and issued to Boatswains for making Swabs, Platts and Nippers; to Carpenters of Ships, and to poor People to be picked into Ocham, for Caulking Ships Sides, Decks, _&c._

Jury Mast

Whatever is set up in the Room of a Mast lost in a Fight, or by a Storm, and fastened into the Partners, and fitted with a lesser Yard, Sails and Ropes, is called a Jury Mast, _&c._

Jutty heads

Platforms standing on Piles which are made near the Docks, and project without the Wharfs for the more convenient docking and undocking Ships.

Keckle

When the Cables of a Ship gaul in the Hawse, they wind old Rope about them, which is called Keckling.

Kedging

When a Ship is brought up or down in a narrow River, and the Wind contrary to the Tide, and yet is to go with the Tide, they use to set their Fore Course, or Fore-top-sail and Mizon, that so they may flat her about; and if she happens to come over too near the Shore, they have a small Anchor in a Boat with a Warp fastened to it from the Ship, which Anchor they let fall, in order to wind and turn her Head about; and this Work is called Kedging.

Keel

The principal Piece of Timber first laid when a Ship is to be built, her whole Length from the lower Part of her Stem to the lower Part of the Stern Post; into this are all the lower Futtocks fastened and bolted Fore and Aft; to the under Part of which, a false Keel is brought on.

Keelers

Are small Tubs, which hold Stuff for the Caulkers to grave Ships Bottoms, on their being hawled on the Ways, or into the Dock.

Keelson

A principal Piece of Timber fayd within Side of the Ship, cross all the Floor Timbers, and it being adjusted exactly over the Keel with suitable Scarphs, it thereby strengthens the Bottom of the Ship.

Kerfe

The Furrows made by a Saw in Timber, Plank, Deals, _&c._

Kersey

Is allowed to make Waste Cloths, Top Armours, or other Accommodations on board a Ship, Lining entering Ropes, _&c._

Kettles

Double

With two Covers, for dressing Provisions in, when a Ship's Company is small.

Fish Small

Are single, and used for several Services on board, and for the Mens
Provisions.

Kevels

Are Pieces of Plank fayd against the Quickwork on the Quarter Deck, in the Shape of a Semi-circle, for belaying the running Rigging to.

Kinks

When Cables or Cordage is new, or too hard laid, it is stubborn, and very apt when handed to be coyled to take in Turns, which is called Kinking.

Knee of the Head

Is commonly called the Cut-water, it supports the Lyon, and all the Rail-work, _&c._ of the Head.

Knees

Iron

Serve as Standards in some Parts of the Ship; and are also used in Boats, to keep the Thauts fast to the Side of the Boats.

Wood

Crooked Timbers which brace and bear the End of the Beams, _&c._ to the Ship's Side, and are called either Hanging, Lodging, Raking, or Square, and fixed to every Beam where they carry Guns.

Knettles

Two Pieces of spun Yarn put together untwisted.

Knight Heads

Are two Pieces of Timber to which the Halyards and the Top Ropes are belayed.

Knots

There are two Sorts of Knots used at Sea; one they call a Bowline Knot; by this the Bowline Bridles are fastened to the Cringles, and will not slip. The other is a Whale Knot, which is a round Knob or Knot made with three Strands of a Rope, and serves for the Topsail Sheats and Stoppers. The Divisions also of the Logline are called Knots, and are usually seven Fathom asunder; and then as many Knots as the Logline runs out in Half a Minute, so many Miles the Ship sails in an Hour.

Labour

When a Ship tumbles or rowls at Anchor, or under Sail at Sea, she is said to Labour.

Ladders

Those made of Wood are for going from one Deck to another; and those of Ropes, hung over the Stern of the Ships, are to enter out of the Boat, when the Weather is foul and the Sea high; as are those at the Side called Accommodation.

Ladles Pitch

Are used at Sea by the Carpenters of the Ships, to hold Stuff, to pay the Seams when caulked.

Land Fall

Signifies to fall in with the Land; thus, when a Ship out at Sea, expects to see Land in a little Time, and it so happens that she doth, they say, they have made a good Landfall.

Land Laid

When a Ship is just got out of Sight of the Land.

Land Lock'd

A Ship rides Land Lock'd when at an Anchor in such a Place, where there is no Point open to the Sea, so that she is safe from the Violence of Wind or Tide.

Land shut in

Is when another Point of Land hinders the Sight of that which a Ship came from.

Land to

Is when a Ship lies so far off from Shore that they can but just see Land.

Lanterns

Poop

Are glazed with Stone-ground Glass, and placed at the Ship's Stern.

Top

Are glazed with Stone-ground Glass; stands on a Crank at the Main-top when an Admiral or Commodore is on board.

Braces

Are to steady the Lanterns.

Girdles

Go round them.

Hand

Are allowed the Boatswain and Carpenter.

Powderroom

Are glazed with Stone-ground Glass, placed at the Bulk-head of the Magazine, and stands over a Wood Cistern lined with Lead, which is kept full of Water.

Storeroom

A triangular Light placed at the Bulk-head of the Boatswain and Carpenter's Store-Rooms.

Lanyards

Are Ropes reeved through dead Eyes of all Shrouds and Chains which are to slacken or set up the Shrouds. The Stays are also set taught by Lanyards; and those which fasten the Stoppers to the Cables, are called Lanyards.

Larboard

The Left Hand Side of the Ship when you stand with your Face to the Head.

Large

A Ship goes or sails Large, when she goes neither before the Wind or upon a Wind, but as it were, quartering between both; wherefore Large, Quartering, Veering or Lasking, are all of the same Signification.

Lashed

Signifies made fast.

Lashing

Is twice laid Cordage made out of old Rigging, and used for Lashing Booms, and other uses on board; and by the Boatswain of the Yard for rafting Timber, Masts, _&c._

Lasking

When a Ship sails neither by, nor directly before the Wind, she is said to go Lasking, which is much the same as Veering, or going with a quarterly Wind.

Latchetts

Small Line (made like Loops) is sewn to a Bonnet or Drabler for lacing them together.

Laths

Are used by the Bricklayers on the Roofs and Ceiling of Houses.

Launch

Is to put out; thus they say, Launch the Ship off the Stocks, or out of a Dock, Launch the Boat, Launch the Davit in or out, Launch out the Capston Bars; also when they have hoisted up a Yard high enough, they say in another Sense, Launch ho; that is, hoist no more; also in stowing any Thing in the Hold of a Ship, they cry, Launch Aft, or Launch forward on.

Leads

Deepsea Hand

Are bent to Lines for finding the Depth of Water.

Lead

Pipes

Large

Are used for the Pisdales on board a Ship, and for conveying the
Water from the Cistern to the Officers Houses, and Jutty Heads.

Small

Are joined to the large Pipes as Branches to the Officers Houses, and
Jutty Heads.

Mill'd

Is used for covering Houses, Gutters, lining the Ship's Furnaces, and several other Uses both a-float and a-shore.

Scuppers

Are let through the Ship's Sides for carrying the Water from off the Decks.

Leather

Buckets

Are fixed with Lanyards on board a Ship, to be ready in Case of Fire; and also are placed in the Officers Houses for that Purpose.

Hoses

Are for starting Water at the watering Places into Casks; and for the like Use on board Ships.

Licquor'd

Is for leathering Pump Chains.

Scuppers

Are nailed over the Holes of the Lead Scuppers, not only for carrying the Water down the Ship's Sides, but also prevents its washing in on the Gun-deck.

Ledges

Are square Pieces of Timber, reaching from Carling to Carling thwart Ships, and the Decks are fastened to these, as well as to the Carlings and Beams.

Lee

A Word diversly used at Sea; they mean generally by it, the Part opposite to the Wind.

Lee Fangs

Are Ropes reeved into the Cringles of Yachts and Hoys Sails.

Lee Latch

A Word of Command to the Men at the Helm or Steering Wheel, spoken by him that Conds, to take Care that the Ship don't go to leeward of her Course.

Lee Shore

Is that on which the Wind blows; and therefore to be under the Lee of the Shore, is to be close under the Weather Shore, or under the Wind.

Leeward Ship

One that doth not keep her Wind, or doth not sail so near the Wind, nor make her Way so good as she should.

ALee the Helm

They mean put the Helm to the Leeward Side of the Ship.

To lay a Ship by the Lee, or to come by the Lee, is to bring her so that all her Sails may lie flat against her Masts and Shrouds, so that the Wind may come right upon her Broadside.

Leech of a Sail

Signifies the outward Skirt of the Sail from the Earing to the Clew, or Middle of the Sail between the two.

Leech Lines

Are Ropes fastened to the Leech of the Topsails (only) and then reeved into a Block at the Yard, just by the Topsail Runners; their Use is to hawl in the Leech of the Sail, when the Topsails are to be taken in, which is always first done, and then the Sail can be taken in with the greater Ease.

Lett Fall

The Word at Sea for putting out a Sail when the Yard is Aloft, and the Sail is to come down from the Yard; but when the Yards are lowered, then the Sail is loosed below, before they hoist the Yard: Neither is it said properly of Topsails, because the Yards lie on the Cap, and therefore the Word for them is, Heave out your Topsails; nor can it be applied to the Mizon; for to it, the Word is, Strike the Mizon and set it, so that in Strictness it belongs only to the Main and Fore Courses, when their Yards are hoisted up.

Level

An Instrument used by Carpenters, Bricklayers and Masons, and made of a long Piece of Wood at Bottom, and with an upwright Piece in the Middle, to hold a Thread and Plummet, which plays about a perpendicular line there drawn, and when it falls exactly on it, then is the Bottom Piece in a true Level or horizontal Position.

Lewis's

Are made of Iron, and put into the Holes the Masons cut beveling in large Stones for purchasing them, which spread themselves (by having a Wedge put into the Middle) like a Dovetail, so that there is no Danger of the Stones falling when hoisted up, in order to be laid in its bed of Mortar.

Lie

A Ship lies under the Sea, when her Helm being made fast a Lee, she lies so a-hull that the Sea breaks upon her Bow, or her Broadside.

Lieutenant

Is a Commission Officer next to the Captain, who, upon the Death or Absence of the Commander, has the entire Charge and Conduct of the Ship, and stands accountable for the whole Duty as Commander of her; and the youngest is to exercise the Seamen, and to see that the Small Arms are kept in good order.

Lifts

Are Ropes made fast to the Yard Arms, and their Use is either to hoist or top the Yard, that is, to make the Ends of the Yards hang higher or lower, as occasion serves. The Topsail Lifts serve as Sheats to the Top-gallant Yards, as well as Lifts for the Topsail Yards. And they at the Spritsail Yard are standing and running Lifts.

Limber Boards

Are Pieces of Plank fayd from the Foot Waaling to the upper Edge of the Keelson, to prevent the Ballast stopping the free Course of the Buildge-water to the Pumps, which runs through Holes made in the Timbers for that Purpose, and are called Limber Holes.

Limber Irons

Are to clear the Holes so as that the Water may pass without Interruption to the Well.

Linch Pins

Are made of Iron, and go through the Axle-trees of Carts, Timber Carriages, _&c._ to keep on their Wheels or Trucks.

Lines

Cabbin

Are for lacing the Officers Bed Places.

Deepsea

Bent to a Lead, in order to sound the Depth of Water.

Logg

Are wound about a Reel, to keep an Account of the Ship's Way through the Sea; this Line for about ten Fathom from the Logg, hath, or ought to have, no Knots or Divisions, because so much should be allowed for the Logg's being clear out of the Eddy of the Ship's Wake, before they turn up the Glass; but then the Knots or Divisions begin, and ought to be at least fifty Feet from one another, though the common Practice at Sea is to have them but seven Fathom.

Sail

Are used by the Sail-makers in their Work.

Sash

Are used for hoisting or lowering Sashes.

Tarr'd

Are used for seizing Ropes and Blocks.

White

Are bent to Hand Leads for sounding the Depth of Water.

Links

Are made use of by the Men when they work at Night, either on docking the Ships, or repairing Wharfs, Jutty Heads, _&c._

List

If a Ship heels either to Starboard or Port, they say, she hath a List that Way; and they say so, if it be occasioned only by the shooting of her Ballast, or by the unequal stowing of Things in her Hold; though it is more properly said of a Ship, when she is inclined to heel any way upon the Account of her Mold or Make.

Lockers

Are a Kind of Box or Chest made in the Officers Cabbins to put or stow any Thing in.

Locks

Brass

Are allowed Flag Ships.

Casement Chest Cupboard Hanging Plate Spring Double Spring Single Stock

Are used by the Master, House Carpenter, Master Joiner, and Carpenters of Ships, for such uses as they are proper for.

Logg

Is a Piece of Wood or Board about seven or eight Inches long, of a triangular Figure, and with as much Lead cast into it at one End, as will serve to make it swim upright in the Water; at the other End of which the Logline is fastened.

Loggerheat

Is made with a large round Ball of Iron at one End of a Handle, and is to heat Pitch on board a Ship.

Loof of a Ship

Is that Part of her Aloft which lies just before the Chess-tree.

Loom

If a Ship appears big at Sea when seen at a Distance, they say she Looms, or appears a great Ship.

Loom Gale

Is a gentle easy Gale of Wind, in which a Ship can carry her Topsails a Trip.

Loop hole

Are Holes made in the Comings of the Hatches of Ships, and in their Bulk-heads to fire Muskets through, in a close Fight.

Luff

Is a Term used in conding a Ship; thus Luff up, is to bid the Man at the steering Wheel, keep nearer the Wind. To Luff into an Harbour, is to sail into it, close by the Wind. To spring the Luff, is when a Ship, that before was going large before the Wind, is brought close, or claps close by the Wind. When a Ship sails upon a Wind as they say, that is, on a Quarter Wind, the Word of him that Conds is, Luff; keep your Luff; Veer no more; keep her too; touch the Wind; have a Care of a Lee Latch. All which Words signify much the same Thing, and bids the Man at the Wheel to keep the Ship near the Wind. But on the contrary, if the Ship is to go more large or right before the Wind, the Word is, Ease the Helm; no near! bear up.

Luff Hook

Is to succour the Tackles in a large Sail, that all the Stress may not bear upon the Tack; sometimes also it is used when the Tack is to be seized the surer.

Luff Tackle

Is a Tackle in a Ship, which serves to lift or hoist all small Weights in or out of her.

Lying under the Sea

When in a Storm the Ship is a-hull, and the Helm so fastened a-lee, that the Sea breaks upon her Bow or Broadside, _&c._

Lyme

Is to make Mortar for the Use of the Bricklayers and Stone Masons.

Lyon

Is a carved Figure fixed on the Knee of the Head.

Mails

Are made of Iron, and interwoven, not unlike a Chain; they are for rubbing off the loose Hemp which remain on Lines or white Cordage after it is made.

Mallets

Buildge

Are used by the Caulkers for driving in the reeming irons, to open the Seams before caulked.

Driving

Are used by the Riggers to splice Cordage.

Serving

Are used by the Riggers and Sail-makers after they have put on Parsling of old Canvas, for serving the Ship's Shrouds, or Clews of Sails.

Mandrels

The Smiths set Hoops round, on them.

Manger

Is a Place partitioned off in the Bow of the Ship, to keep the Water that may come in at the Hawse Holes from running Fore and Aft on the Deck, and has two large Scuppers fixed on each Side to vent the Water that comes in.

Marline

Is small Line made with two Strands laid slack, that it may be the more pliable, out of Hemp flyings; its use is to seize the End of Ropes, Straps of Blocks, _&c._ And marling a Sail is fastening it to the Boltrope by a Logline put through the Eye-let Holes at the two lower Clews, when served and marled before finished for Service.

Marline Spikes

Are made tapering of Iron, for spliceing together small Ropes, _&c._

Marking Yarn

Is white Yarn spun the wrong Way, and put into all Cordage of three Inches and upwards, as the King's Mark.

Master

Appointed by Warrant from the Navy Board, and is to obey his Commander's Orders for the dispatching the Ship in fitting her out; to inspect the Provisions and Stores sent on board; to take Care of the Ballast that the Hold be carefully stowed, the Rigging and Stores duely preserved, and to navigate the Ship, _&c._

Master at Arms

Appointed by Warrant from the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, and are to be Men well skilled in Martial Discipline, who are daily to exercise at Small Arms the Petty Officers and Ship's Company; to place and relieve Centinels; to mount the Guard; to see the Firelocks and other Arms be clean; observing the Orders of the Lieutenant at Arms; to see that the Fire and Candles be put out in proper Season; to visit all Vessels and Boats for preventing the Seamen going from the Ship; to acquaint the Officer of the Watch with all Misdemeanors: And the Corporals are to act and perform the same Duty under him.

Master Sailmaker

Is appointed by Warrant from the Navy Board, who, with his Mate and Crew, are to examine all Sails brought on board; attend all Surveys and Conversions; inspect into their Condition, and timely to repair and keep them fit for Service; to see they are perfectly dry when put into the Store-room, and there secured from Drips, Damps and Vermin; and to attend the Delivery of them into Store.

Masts

Of the Growth of _New England_ and _Riga_, are generally wrought into sixteen Squares, and are received into Store by their Diameter in Inches; the former are worked up for Fore or Main-masts, and the latter generally for Mizon-masts. _Norway_ and _Gottenbro'_ are brought from thence rough as they grow; are measured by girting them, and received by Hands, that is, four Inches make a Hand; are used for Top-masts or Yards.

Masts made

For a Ship are the Sprit-top-mast, Fore, Fore-top, Fore-top-gallant, Main, Main-top, Main-top-gallant, Mizon and Mizon-top; and amongst which may be reckoned her Bowsprit; and the low ones are generally made out of _New England_ Growth, and the Topmasts and Top-gallant Masts, out of those brought from _Riga_, _Gottenbro'_ or _Norway_.

Matts

Are made out of Junk, old Rope Yarns, _&c._ for preserving the Yards from galling or rubbing in hoisting or lowering them.

Mauls

Doubleheaded

Are allowed the Carpenters for such Uses as are requisite.

Top

Are for driving the Iron Fids in or out of the Heel of the Top-masts.

Messengers

Are allowed to great Ships, and a Cable-laid Rope which are made use of in the same Manner as the Voyals are, though not so big, brought round the main Capston, and are a Sort of Succour to the Voyal, but are never made use of, after the Anchor is a Peek.

Midshipman

His Station on Duty is on the Quarter Deck, Poop, _&c._ to mind the Braces, look out and give the Word of Command from the Captain and other superior Officers, and to assist on all occasions both in sailing the Ship, and in stowing her Hold, _&c._

Mizon Course

When the Tack is taken off from the Mast forward, it is called a Bon-adventure Mizon.

Moar

Signifies the laying out the Anchors of a Ship so, as is best and safest for her riding.

Moarings

Are laid out in Harbour, and consists of Claws, Pendant Chains, Cables, Bridles, Anchors, Swivel, Jews-harp, Buoys, and Chains for Ships to ride at, either when under Orders of fitting for the Sea, or are laid up in Ordinary.

Monkey

A Block made of Iron with a Catch, made use of in Ginns for driving Piles.

Monk Seam

Sewing the Edges or Selvedges of Sails together, over one another on both Sides, to make it the Stronger.

Mooter

Is the Person who (after the Tree-nails which are received into Store, rough from the Merchant) makes them smooth, and of proper Sizes, before they are drove through the Plank used on Ships Sides, Decks, Wharfs, _&c._

Mortar

A Preparation of Lyme, Sand, _&c._ mixed up with Water, and used in Buildings.

Mouse

Is a large Knot artificially made by the Riggers on the Ship's Stays.

Nails

Brads

Battin

Used by the House Carpenters and Joyners.

Filling

Used on Ships Bottoms when ordered to the _West Indies_, between the
Spaces of the Sheathing Nails.

Flooring

Used by the House Carpenters

Keelband

Used by the Boat Builders.

Clamp

Used by the Shipwrights.

Filling

Used on Ships Bottoms ordered to the _West Indies_.

Lead

For nailing Lead.

Port

Double
Single

Used by the Shipwrights, and are drove into the Beams for the Mens
Hammacoes to hang on.

Rother

Used by the Shipwrights to nail on the Rother Irons.

Rove & Clench.

Used by the Boat Builder on Boats.

Scupper

Has a broad and flat Head, and used for nailing the Leather Scuppers to the Ship's Sides.

Sharp of Sorts

Used by Shipwrights, House Carpenters and Joyners.

Sheathing

Used For nailing on the Sheathing Board.

Spikes

Used By the Shipwrights and House Carpenters.

Tacks

Used By the Joyners and Oar-makers for fining Oars.

Timber

Used by the Shipwrights and House Carpenters.

Weight

Used by the Shipwrights and House Carpenters.

Wherry

Used by the Boat Builders.

Woolding

Drove through the Ropes that Woold the Ship's Masts.

Needles

Boltrope Sail

Are allowed the Boatswains for repairing the Ship's Sails when at Sea.

Navel Hoods

Are large Pieces of Stuff fayd against the Hawse Holes, and fills out to the outer Edge of the Cheeks, to keep the Cable from rubbing them.

Naveline

Is a Rope reeved through a Block made fast to the middle Rib, and another Block being made fast at the Mast-head, the Line goes through them, which makes a Tackle to hoist the Parrel.

Navigation

The Art of sailing or conducting a Ship or Vessel the safest and most commodious Way from one Place to another.

Neap

When a Ship wants Water to float her, so that she cannot get out of a Harbour, off the Ground, or out of the Dock, she is neaped, and are those Tides which happen seven Days after the Moon's Change or Full.

Netting

Is twice laid Cordage bigger than Lashing, and is used for Stantion Ropes, _&c._

Nettings

Are a Sort of Grate made with small twice laid Rope, and seized together with Rope Yarn or Twine, and are fixed on the Quarters and in the Tops.

Nippers

Are made of Rope Yarns, and several Turns are taken round the Cable and Voyal when heaving at the Main or Jeer Capston, in order to weigh the Anchor.

Oars

Barge

Are made out of _New England_ or _Dantzick_ Rafters.

Boat

Are made out either of _English_ Ash, or Firr Rafters from _Norway_.

Ship

Are generally cut out of Firr Timber.

Oazy Ground

Such as is soft, slimy or muddy.

Ocham

Black

Is picked out of old Cables or Junk, in order to caulk the Seams, Tree-nails and Bends of a Ship, for preventing Leaks.

White

Comes from the flyings of dress'd Hemp, and used for caulking the Seams of Ships.

Offin

Is a good Distance from the Shore where there is deep Water, and no Need of a Pilot to Conduct the Ship. Thus if a Ship from Shore be seen sailing out to Seaward, they say, She stands for the Offin; and if a Ship having the Shore near her, have another a good Way without her, or towards the Sea, they say, That Ship is in the Offin.

Offward

If a Ship, being a-ground by the Shore, doth Heel towards the Water Side, they say, She Heels Offward.

Orlop

A Platform under the Gun-deck for stowing the Cables, and where the Officers Store-rooms, _&c._ are built.

Over Rake

When the Waves break in upon a Ship riding at Anchor, and the Head Sea washes over her, then the Waves Over-Rake her.

Oven Lids

Are made of Iron to stop the Mouth of the Oven on board a Ship.

Out licker

Is a Piece fayd down to the upper Rail, and to the cross Piece in the Head, to carry the Foretack farther from the Middle of the Ship.

Owler

A Master of a Ship, or other Person that conveys Wool, or other prohibited Goods in the Night to the Sea Side, in order to Ship off, contrary to Law.

Oyl

Is used for sundry Services on board a Ship, by the Boatswains in mixing it with Blacking or Tar.

Palleting

The Floor of the Bread-room and Magazine of Powder, generally wrought of ordinary Deal, and is laid above the Keelson, for keeping the Bread and Powder dry, in Case there should be more Water in Hold than usual.

Palms

Are round Pieces of Iron, stamp'd full with round Impressions; are sewed to Leather, which comes into the Palm of the Sail-makers Hand, and are made use of by them to prevent the Needles running into them, when sewing the Seams or Boltropes on the Sails.

Pannel

In Joynery, _&c._ a square Piece of thin Wood, sometimes carved, framed, or groved in a larger Piece between Stiles.

Parbuncle

Is the Name given a Rope Contrived almost like a Pair of Slings; it is seized both Ends together, and then put double about any heavy Thing that is to be hoisted in or out of a Ship, and by having a Hook of a Runner or Tackle hitched into it, they hoist up any Cask or Box.

Parsling

Are Pieces of old Canvas cut about four Inches broad, and wrapped round Shrouds, Stays, Straps for Blocks, _&c._ before served with spun Yarn.

Parrells

Are made of Ribs and Trucks, and Ropes reeved through them, which having both their Ends fastened round about the Masts, the Yards by their Means go up and down the Masts with greater Ease; these also with the Breast Ropes fasten the Yards to the Masts.

Partners

Are Pieces of thick Stuff, through which Holes for the Masts and Capstons are cut on each Deck; they are wrought considerably thicker than the Plank of the Deck, so far as between the respective Beams where they are placed.

Paunch

Are those Mats made of Sinnet, which in a Ship are made fast to the Main and Fore Yards, to keep them from galling against the Masts.

Pawle