Chapter XXI: Section 82: recites the necessary requirements as to storerooms, etc., and

Sections 83 to 87 relate to the form of application and the inspection of the plant. Section 88 recites the form of bond necessary to be given by the manufacturer, and Sections 89 to 104 relate to the general requirements as to records, books, affidavits, etc.

Sections 105 and 106 rule that the alcohol must be used just as received, and as called for in the permit, and that a manufacturer quitting business may dispose of his specially de-natured alcohol to other manufacturers.

PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO MANUFACTURERS USING EITHER SPECIALLY OR
GENERALLY DE-NATURED ALCOHOL.

"SEC. 107. Under no circumstances will de-naturers, manufacturers, or dealers, or any other persons, in any manner treat either specially or completely de-natured alcohol by adding anything to it or taking anything from it until it is ready for the use for which it is to be employed. It must go into manufacture or consumption in exactly the same condition that it was when it left the de-naturer. Diluting completely de-natured alcohol will be held to be such manipulation as is forbidden by law.

"SEC. 108. Manufacturers using either specially or completely de-natured alcohol must store it in the storeroom set apart for that purpose, the place for deposit named in the bond and application, and nowhere else. Likewise they must deposit recovered alcohol in said storeroom as fast as it is recovered. It will be held to be a breach of the bond and a violation of the law if any alcohol of any kind, character, or description should be found stored at any other place on the premises."

The question of special de-naturants is one of great importance to the manufacturer, and should be carefully studied. The distiller who succeeds on a large scale will be he who is most expert in preparing alcohol specially de-natured to suit the requirements of the various arts. Germany has done most in this line, and the German practice should be carefully studied.

Parts IV and V of the Rules relate to that portion of the De-Naturing Act, referred to in Section 2 thereof--the recovering, restoring and re-de-naturing of alcohol used by manufacturers employing processes in which the formerly de-natured spirits are? expressed, or evaporated. This not being within the plan of this book, the rules relating thereto are not quoted.

Those desirous of acquiring full information as to the rules regulating the operation of distilleries for the manufacture of alcohol and de-natured spirits can procure the same by applying either to the collectors of Internal Revenue for their respective districts or to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Washington, D. C.

PROPOSED CHANGES IN THE DE-NATURING ACT.

The De-naturing Act as passed and the regulations thereunder are undoubtedly too complicated in their character to remain very long in the Statute Books. There has already arisen a cry for simpler regulations which shall place the manufacture of de-natured alcohol on a plane with the practice in Germany, France and other countries which have carried the manufacture and use of alcohol, for industrial purposes to a very high plane. Both in England and America the Excise and Internal Revenue regulations have been of very troublesome character, and the production of spirits has been so carefully guarded, watched and checked that the distiller aside from the high tax he has had to pay has been greatly hampered. In Germany and France, however, things are different. There the manufacture of Industrial Alcohol from farm products has been encouraged and as a consequence the regulations are of very much simpler character. In Germany the number of agricultural or co-operative stills is very large and these stills are practically free from the constant supervision of internal revenue officials.

Until the wash passes into the still there is practically no Governmental supervision except as to the proper gauging of the vats and to the proper sealing of all joints or pipes leading from the vats to the still. From that point onward, however, to the final receiver every vessel is locked and sealed and no access to the spirit can be obtained by the distiller. The quantity of spirit distilled and its quality is ascertained by the Revenue Officer from this final receiver and on this spirit so found is computed the vat tax and the distillery tax which have to be paid by the distiller. There are none of the cumbersome regulations regarding the warehouses, storehouses, storekeepers, etc., which are found in our own revenue laws. To provide security against abstraction of wash in the fermenting tanks, reliance is placed upon frequent but uncertain visitations.

There is no question but that in the fulness of time our own laws and regulations will be very much simplified for all industrial plants. An attempt has been made to so simplify the laws by Act of Congress No. 230, approved March 2, 1907 and taking effect on September 1, 1907, the text of which is appended, and undoubtedly other acts will follow as the country becomes more and more sensible of the benefits to be derived from free industrial alcohol. The text of the act is as follows:

[PUBLIC--NO. 230.]

An Act to amend an Act entitled "An Act for the withdrawal from
bond tax free of domestic alcohol when rendered unfit for beverage
or liquid medicinal uses by mixture with suitable denaturing
materials," approved June seventh, nineteen hundred and six.

_Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress Assembled_, That notwithstanding anything contained in the Act entitled "An Act for the withdrawal from bond tax free of domestic alcohol when rendered unfit for beverage or liquid medicinal uses by mixture with suitable de-naturing materials," approved June seventh, nineteen hundred and six, domestic alcohol when suitably denatured may be withdrawn from bond without the payment of internal-revenue tax and used in the manufacture of ether and chloroform and other definite chemical substances where said alcohol is changed into some other chemical substance and does not appear in the finished product as alcohol: _Provided_, That rum of not less than one hundred and fifty degrees proof, may be withdrawn, for de-naturation only, in accordance with the provisions of said Act of June seventh, nineteen hundred and six, and in accordance with the provisions of this Act.

SEC. 2. That the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, may authorize the establishment of central de-naturing bonded warehouses, other than those at distilleries, to which alcohol of the required proof may be transferred from distilleries or distillery bonded warehouses without the payment of internal-revenue tax, and in which such alcohol may be stored and de-natured. The establishment, operation, and custody of such warehouses shall be under such regulations and upon the execution of such bonds as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, may prescribe.

SEC. 3. That alcohol of the required proof may be drawn off, for de-naturation only, from receiving cisterns in the cistern room of any distillery for transfer by pipes direct to any de-naturing bonded warehouse on the distillery premises or to closed metal storage tanks situated in the distillery bonded warehouse, or from such storage tanks to any denaturing bonded warehouse on the distillery premises, and de-natured alcohol may also be transported from the de-naturing bonded warehouse, in such manner and by means of such packages, tanks or tank cars, and on the execution of such bonds, and under such regulations as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, may prescribe. And further, alcohol to be de-natured may be withdrawn without the payment of internal-revenue tax from the distillery bonded warehouse for shipment to central de-naturing plants in such packages, tanks and tank cars, under such regulations, and on the execution of such bonds as may be prescribed by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury.

SEC. 4. That at distilleries producing alcohol from any substance what ever, for de-naturation only, and having a daily spirit-producing capacity of not exceeding one hundred proof gallons, the use of cisterns or tanks of such size and construction as may be deemed expedient may be permitted in lieu of distillery bonded warehouses, and the production, storage, the manner and process of de-naturing on the distillery premises the alcohol produced, and transportation of such alcohol, and the operation of such distilleries shall be upon the execution of such bonds and under such regulations as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, may prescribe, and such distilleries may by such regulations be exempted from such provisions of the existing laws relating to distilleries as may be deemed expedient by said officials.

SEC. 5. That the provisions of this Act shall take effect on September first, nineteen hundred and seven.

Approved, March 2, 1907.

INDEX.

Adam's Still, 38
faults of, 39
operation of, 38

Air necessary to fermentation, 18
cooling for mashes, 15

Alcohol, absolute, 2
as fuel, 221
boiling point of, 2
points of mixture, 2
composition of, 1, 6
contraction in mixtures of, 4
de-natured, 143
determination of purity, 186, 188
estimation of, 179
estimating by Geisler's method, 183
Brand's method, 184
sugar in "Beer", 185
ethyl, 7
methyl, 7
measuring in mixtures, 174, 179
by hydrometers, 176, 178
proof, 175
rectification of, 82, 92
relative amounts in different grains, 126
specific gravity of, 2, 174
strengthening, 31
under proof, 176
wood, 7

Alcoholometer, Cartier's, 178
Field's, 182
Tralle's, 179

Alcoholometry, 174

Alcohols, principal, 6
boiling points of principal, 6
composition of principal, 6

Barbet's still, 93
traps, 68
test for alcoholic purity, 187

Barley best for malting, 103
cleaning, 104
draining after steeping, 105
drying malt from, 108
effect of germination on, 107
germination of, 106
steeping, 105
test of sufficient steeping, 105
washing, 104

Beet-cleaners, 151
-juice, extraction of by maceration and diffusion, 157, 158
pulp, addition of sulphuric acid to, 153, 156, 160
presses, 154, 156
rasp, 152

Beets, alcohol from, 150
cellars for storing, 149
cultivation of, 140
characteristics of good, 140
cleaning, 151
composition of, 141
conditions for cultivating, 142, 144, 145
diffusion battery for, 158
direct distillation of, 161
distilling apparatus for, 162, 200, 201
distilling plant for, 199, 201

Beets, fermenting juice of, 160
harvesting, 146
how to tell when ripe, 147
hydraulic presses for, 153
macerating, 156, 159
manures for, 143
roll press for, 154
soil for growing, 142
sowing, 144, 146
stack for storing, 148
storing in winter, 149
scum forming during fermentation of, 160
transportation of, 203

Boiling over, to prevent in still, 58
points of alcoholic liquors, 2

Carbonic anhydride, to get rid of, 25

Cellar for beets, 149

Cellier-Blumenthal still, 48

Cleaning barley, 103
beets, 150
grain, 104
potatoes, 110, 204
apparatus for, 151

Coal consumption, 208

Coffey's still, 54

Column distillery, 64, 66
rectifying, 51, 87, 94

Condenser, Cellier-Blumenthal's, 48
Coffey's still, 54
and mash heater, 41, 43, 46, 52, 64, 74

Concentration of alcohol by distillation, 31

Continuous distillation, 50

Cooling mashes by air, 15
by water, 17, 133, 196

Corn, mashing, (see Grain).

Couch, wet, 106

Covered fermentation, 27

Current still, 59

De-Naturants, formulas for, 211, 214, 216, 219, 254
prescribed in U. S., 211, 220

De-natured alcohol in Canada, 214
England, 214
France, 215
Germany, 211, 214
uses of, 210, 213, 217
in Germany, 217, 222

De-naturing in London establishment, 215
in U. S., Acts regulating, 212, 219, 225, 259
regulations, 229
with benzine, 216

Diastase, 14
proper temperature for action of, 14, 133

Distilling apparatus, 33, 63, 189
Adams', 8
beet, 162
Cellier-Blumenthal's, 48
Coffey's, 54
continuous, 50, 68
current, 59
compound still, 46, 47
fire heated, 47
Corty's, 40
double, 41
Dorn's, 43
Gillaume's, 78
simple, 38, 36, 190
with enricher, 37

Distilling column, 64, 73
plants, 189, 199, 205

Distillation, checking 32
compound, 42, 50
multiple to strengthen alcohol, 31

Dough, luting still with, 34

Dujardin's roll press for beets, 154

Drying, barley, 108
kiln for, 108

Drying rooms, temperature of, 108

Dunder from molasses, 168

Flavor in alcohol, cause of bad, 86

Ferment, too much, 24

Fermentation in general, 9, 18, 27
alcoholic, 22, 23
acetous, 24
foaming, 27
heat necessary for, 19
lactic, 25
loss in, 28
phenomena of, 27
periods of, 26
under cover, 27
viscous, 25

Fermenting apparatus, 28, 194
room, 29, 194
vats, 28, 29, 195

Fire, regulating distilling, 61

Floors for malting barley, 106

"Fractionating", 83

Fusel oil, (see Rectifying).

Geisler's apparatus for estimating alcohol, 184

Gelatinizing apparatus, 10

Germinating barley, 106

Grain, alcohol from, 126
composition of, 128
cooling of mashed, 133
distillery for, 197
grinding, 129
infusion of, 131, 135

Grain, mashing in general, 130, 134
mashing, proportions of grain for, 134
under steam pressure, 137
mashes, cooling, 133
regulating temperature of, 133, 138
mash tub, 134
thin mash of, 134, 135
saccharifying, 131, 134
steeping, 129
sulphurous acid, 132
temperature of water, 129
sufficient steeping of, 130

Grains, relative quantities of alcohol from various, 126

Gauge glass, 71

Heat indicator for regulating, 61
necessary for fermentation, 19

Henze steamer, 11, 14

Hydraulic presses for beets, 153

Hydrometers, 176, 177

Indicator for regulating distillery fire, 61

Iodine Test, 185

Lactic fermentation, 25

Lime, neutralizing acid by milk of, 80

Loss of alcohol in fermentation, 28

Malt, 103
drying, 108
grinding dried, 109
kiln, 108

Malting barley, 103
cleaning barley for, 104
couch, 106
floors, 106
germinating barley for, 106
in large plants, 108
steeping barley for, 105

Mash cooling, 15, 16, 17
heating, 52, 74
tub, 122, 123, 124

Mashing in general, 8
grain, 30, 134
cleaning, 104
potatoes, 110, 125
starchy materials, 10

Molasses, alcohol from, 163
acidifying, 164
beet sugar, 164
cane sugar, 168
clarifying cane sugar, 170
composition of " ", 168
dilution of, 167
dunder from cane sugar, 168
fermenting cane sugar, 170, 206
cane sugar in Mauritius, 172
cane sugar in Java, 172
mixing vats for water and, 164, 165
plant for distilling, 205
skimmings from cane sugar, 168
transportation of, 207
washes, setting up, 166
pitching temperature of, 166

Methylated spirits, 211, 212

Neutralizing Acids in rectifying, 86

Pitching the mash, 22
temperature, 22

Potato-alcohol use in Germany, 212
how to obtain good, 138

Potatoes, alcohol from, 110
best for distilling, 110
cleaning, 110, 204
crusher for, 116

Potatoes, crushing and steaming, 111, 117
extraction of starch from separately, 122
isolation of starch from, 122
keeping, 110
mashing, 110, 118, 125
plant for distilling, 204
rasp for pulping, 152
saccharifying by sulphuric acid, 124
starch from, 122
steaming, 111
under high pressure, 11, 118, 121
vat for, 112, 121
steamer and crusher for, 111, 117
vacuum cooker for, 11

"Proof spirit", 175

Rectification, 82, 92
by filtration, 101

Rectifying apparatus, 87
Barbet's, 94
Gillaume, 97, 99
intermittent, 90
Vulcan, 93

Regulating distillery fire, 61

Relative quantities of alcohol in grains, 126

Rice, (see Grains).

Saccharification, 8, 10, 14
by sulphuric acid, 138
complete, 185
of grain, signs of, 137

Saccharifying apparatus, 14

Specific gravity of alcohol, 2, 174
calculating, 174

Steam generator, 114
regulator, 69

Steamers, high pressure, 11, 12

Steaming under high pressure, 13

Steaming grain, 136
potatoes, 111
under pressure, 118, 121
vat, 112

Steeping barley, 105
grain, 129
sufficiently, 130
temperature, 130

Stills, (see Distilling Apparatus).

Sulphuric acid for saccharifying grain, 138
neutralizing, 86

Sykes' hydrometer, 177

Testing Alcohol for purity, 187

Twin column rectifier, 95

Vacuum cooker, 10, 11

Vulcan rectifying still, 93
stills, 73, 77
traps, 75

Water for distilling, 208

Yeast, 20
brewers, 11
fermentation by, 9, 10

* * * * *

ELECTRICAL BOOKS.

=THE DISEASES OF ELECTRICAL MACHINERY.= By ERNST SCHULZ. Edited with a preface by Sylvanus P. Thompson. Contents of Chapters: 1, _Continuous Current Machines_; breakdowns in the armature; brushes and brush holders; faults in the field winding; faults in the regulator or starter. 2, _Singlephase and Polyphase Generators_; faults in armature; grounds in generators; connections of different phases; field windings. 3, _Singlephase and Polyphase Induction Motors_; stator faults; rotor faults. 4, _Transformers_; faults in winding; effects of lightning. 5, _Efficiency_; examples of efficiency calculations. 94 pages, 42 illustrations, 12mo., cloth, $1.00.

=ELECTRICAL TABLES AND MEMORANDA.= A valuable little reference book for engineers, electricians, motor inspectors and others interested in the electrical science, containing many tables and much valuable information in a very small space, with a number of illustrations, by PROF. SILVANUS THOMPSON. 64mo., roan, gilt edges, 40c.

=THE VOLTAIC ACCUMULATOR.= By EMILE REYNIER. Contents: Part 1, Principles, definitions, voltmeters. Part 2, Voltaic accumulators of various types. Part 3, Technology. Part 4, Application of accumulators. 202 pages, 62 illustrations, cloth, $3.00.

=THE MERCURIAL AIR PUMP.= By PROF. SILVANUS P. THOMPSON, D. Sc. 37 pages, 43 illustrations, large 8vo., paper, 60c.[++]

=THERMO-ELECTRIC REACTIONS AND CURRENTS, BETWEEN METALS IN FUSED SALTS.= By THOMAS ANDREWS, F.R.S. 18 pages, with illustrations and tables, 8vo., paper, 40c.[++]

=THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRICITY TO RAILWAY WORKING.= By WILLIAM EDWARD LANGDON. Contents of Chapters: 1, On the construction of a telegraph line. 2, Surveying. 3, Construction. 4, Telegraph instruments and batteries. 5, Block signalling. 6, Single line working. 7, Automatic block signalling. 8, Interlocking. 9, Miscellaneous appliances in connection with block signalling. 10, Train lighting. 11, Electric light and power. 12, Intercommunication in trains. 13, Administration. Appendix. Index. 301 pages, 6 full page plates and 143 engravings and diagrams, 8vo., cloth, $5.00.

=ELECTRICAL TESTING OF TELEGRAPH CABLES.= By COL. V. HOSKIAER. Third edition. 12mo., cloth, $1.50.

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* * * * *

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=ELECTRICITY.= The study of, and its laws for beginners, comprising the laws of electric current generation and flow, Ohm's law, galvanism, magnetism, induction, principles of dynamos and motors, wiring, with explanations of simple mathematics as applied to electrical calculations. By N. H. SCHNEIDER. With 55 original illustrations and 6 tables.

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=ELECTRIC BELLS AND ALARMS.= How to install them. By N. H. SCHNEIDER. Including batteries, wire and wiring, circuits, pushes, bells, burglar alarms, high and low water alarms, fire alarms, thermostats, annunciators, and the locating and remedying of faults. With 56 original diagrams.

=MODERN PRIMARY BATTERIES.= Their construction, use and maintenance, including batteries for telephones, telegraphs, motors, electric lights, induction coils, and for all experimental work. By N. H. SCHNEIDER. 94 pages, 55 illustrations. The best and latest American book on the subject.

=EXPERIMENTING WITH INDUCTION COILS.= H. S. NORRIE, author of "Induction Coils and Coil Making." A most instructive little book, full of practical and interesting experiments, fully explained in plain language with numerous hints and suggestions for evening entertainments. Arranged under the following headings: Introduction; The Handling of Ruhmkorff Coil; Experiments with Sparks; Effects in the Vacuum; Induction and Wireless Telegraphy. With 36 original illustrations. [In the press]

=SMALL ACCUMULATORS.= How made and used, by P. MARSHALL. Giving full descriptions how to make all the parts; assemble them, charge the cells and run them, with examples of their practical application. Useful receipts and memoranda and a glossary of technical terms. 80 pages, 40 illustrations, paper. = ELECTRIC GAS LIGHTING.= How to install Electric gas igniting apparatus including the jump spark and multiple systems for all purposes. Also the care and selection of suitable batteries, wiring and repairs, by H. S. NORRIE. 101 pages, 57 illustrations, paper.

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=ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS and TESTING.=

How to Use the Voltmeter, Ammeter, Galvanometer, Potentiometer, Ohmmeter, the Wheatstone Bridge, and the Standard Portable Testing Sets.

BY

NORMAN H. SCHNEIDER.

Author of "Care and Handling of Electric Plants," "Induction Coils and Coil Making," "Circuits and Diagrams," etc., etc.

The aim of the author has been to produce a complete and practical work on this important subject.

First describing the various forms of Electrical Testing and Measuring Instruments and their construction.

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Using only formulas in simple algebra and then explaining them in plain language for the benefit of practical men lacking a knowledge of mathematics.

During the past ten years the author has made hundreds of tests, which has made him familiar with the subject from the practical standpoint. He has also obtained valuable information and diagrams from the principal manufacturers of Testing Instruments. The apparatus described is modern and in universal use.

Most of the diagrams have been specially drawn for this book.

The work is divided into XI. chapters as follows:

Introduction; Chapters I. and II, The Galvanometer; III, Rheostats; IV, The Voltmeter; V, The Wheatstone Bridge; VI, Forms of Portable Sets; VII, Current Flow and e.m.f.; VIII, The Potentiometer; IX, Condensers; X, Cable Testing; XI, Testing with Voltmeter.

=230 pages, 105 illustrations and diagrams, 12mo., cloth, $1.00.=

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PRACTICAL ELECTRICS.
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CONTENTS.

_Alarms._--Doors and Windows; Cisterns, Low Water in Boilers; Time Signals; Clocks. _Batteries._--Making; Cells; Bichromate; Bunsen; Callan's; Copper-oxide; Cruikshank's; Daniel's; Granule carbon; Groves; Insulite; LeclanchÈ; Lime Chromate; Silver Chloride; Smee; Thermo-electric. _Bells._--Annunciator System; Double System; and Telephone; Making; Magnet for; Bobbins or Coils; Trembling; Single Stroke; Continuous Ringing. _Connections. Carbons. Coils._--Induction; Primary; Secondary; Contact-breakers; Resistance. Intensity Coils.--Reel; Primary; Secondary; Core; Contact-breaker; Condenser; Pedestal; Commutator; Connections. _Dynamo-Electric Machines._--Relation of Speed to Power; Field-Magnets; Pole-pieces; Field-magnet Coils; Armature Cores and Coils; Commutator Collectors and Brushes; Relation of size to efficiency; Methods of exciting Field-Magnets; Magneto-Dynamos; Separately excited Dynamos; Shunt Dynamos; Organs of Dynamos as constructed in practice; Field-Magnets; Armatures; Collectors; Brush Dynamo; Second Class; Alternate Currents; Third Class. _Fire Risks._--The Dynamo; Wires; Lamps; Danger to persons. _Measuring._--Non-Registering Instruments; Registering Instruments. _Microphones._--Construction, &c. _Motors._--Application; for Railways. _Phonographs. Photophones. Storage._--Plates. _Terminals._--Charging. _Telephones._--Forms; Circuits and Calls; Transmitter and Switch; Switch for Simplex.

135 PAGES. 126 ILLUSTRATIONS. 8 VO.
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AN AMERICAN BOOK.

INDUCTION COILS and COIL MAKING.

Second edition thoroughly revised, greatly enlarged and brought up to
latest American Practice,

BY H. S. NORRIE,
(NORMAN H. SCHNEIDER)

Considerable space in the new matter is given to the following: Medical and bath coils, gas engine and spark coils, contact breakers, primary and secondary batteries; electric gas lighting; new method of X-ray work, etc. A complete chapter on up-to-date wireless telegraphy; a number of new tables and 25 original illustrations. Great care has been given to the revision to make this book the best American work on the subject. A very complete index, contents, list of illustrations and contents of tables have been added.

Contents of Chapters.

1. Construction of coils; sizes of wire; winding; testing; insulation; general remarks; medical and spark coils. 2. Contact breakers. 3. Insulation and cements. 4. Construction of condensers. 5. Experiments. 6. Spectrum analysis. 7. Currents in vacuo; air pumps. 8. Rotating effects. 9. Electric gas lighting; in multiple; in series. 10. Primary batteries for coils; varieties; open circuit cells; closed circuit cells; solutions. 11. Storage or secondary batteries; construction; setting up; charging. 12. Tesla and Hertz effects. 13. Roentgen Radiography. 14. Wireless telegraphy; arrangement of circuits of coil and coherer for sending and receiving messages; coherers; translating devices; air conductors; tables; contents; index.

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PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL POWER.
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BY
A. H. BATE, A.M.I.E.E.

The rapid progress that has been made of late years in the application of electricity to industrial purposes, and particularly in the transmission of power by means of the electric motor, has made it imperative for every engineer who wishes to keep up to date to have some knowledge of the way electrical currents are controlled and used for practical purposes. This work is especially written for the practical engineer, mathematics being avoided.

Contents of Chapters.

1. The Electric Motor.
2. Magnetic Principles.
3. Electrical Measurements.
4. The Dynamo.
5. Construction of Motor.
6. Governing of Motors.
7. Open and Closed Motors; rating.
8. Motor Starting Switches.
9. Speed Control of Shunt-wound Motors.
10. Series Motor Control.
11. Distribution System.
12. Installing and Connections.
13. Care of Dynamos and Motors.
14. Cost of Plant.
15. Examples of Electric Driving.

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XII + 204 pages, 63 illustrations, 12 mo. cloth. $2.00.

* * * * *

THE PRACTICAL ENGINEER'S HANDBOOK. TO THE CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF
ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

By NORMAN H. SCHNEIDER,
_Chief Engineer, "White City," Colingwood, Ohio_.

EXTRACTS FROM PREFACE.

In revising the first edition of Power Plants the author decided to greatly enlarge it in the hope that it will have a still greater success than the first one. The section on theory is thoroughly revised. A complete chapter on Standard Wiring including new tables and original diagrams added. The National Fire Underwriters' rules condensed and simple explanations given.

Direct and alternating current motors have been given a special chapter and modern forms of starting rheostats described at length. The principles of alternators have been considered also transformers and their applications. Modern testing instruments and their use are given a separate chapter. New matter has been added to storage batteries including charging of automobile batteries, 10 new tables, and 137 new illustrations.

SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS.

1. THE ELECTRIC CURRENT; series and multiple connections; resistance of circuits; general explanation of formulas.

2. STANDARD WIRING; wiring formulas and tables; wiring systems; cut-outs; conduits; panel boxes; correct methods of wiring.

3. DIRECT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT GENERATORS; management in the power house; windings; selection of generators.

4. MOTORS AND MOTOR STARTERS; various forms of motors; controllers; care of motors and their diseases; rules for installing.

5. TESTING AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS; voltmeter testing and connections; instruments used; switchboard instruments.

6. THE STORAGE BATTERY; different kinds; switchboards for charging fixed and movable batteries; management of battery.

7. THE INCANDESCENT LAMP; various methods of testing; life of lamps.

8. ENGINEERING NOTES; belts and pulleys h.p. of belts. Tables. Contents. Index.

290 pages, 203 illustrations. 12mo., cloth, $1.50.
Full limp leather, $2.50.

* * * * *

Design of Dynamos

BY SILVANUS P. THOMPSON, D. Sc., B. A., F. R. S.

EXTRACTS FROM PREFACE.

"The present work is purposely confined to continuous current generators. The calculations and data being expressed in inch measures; but the author has adopted throughout the decimal subdivision of the inch; small lengths being in mils, and small areas of cross-section in sq. mils, or, sometimes, also, in circular mils."

CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS.

1. DYNAMO DESIGN AS AN ART.

2. MAGNETIC DATA AND CALCULATIONS. Causes of waste of Power. Coefficients of Dispersion. Calculation of Dispersion. Determination of exciting ampere-turns. Example of Calculation.

3. COPPER CALCULATIONS. Weight of Copper Wire. Electrical resistance of Copper, in cube, strip, rods, etc. Space-factors. Coil Windings; Ends; Insulation; Ventilating; Heating.

4. INSULATING MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES. A list of materials, including "Armalac," "Vitrite," "Petrifite," "Micanite," "Vulcabeston," "Stabilite," "Megohmite," etc. With tables.

5. ARMATURE WINDING SCHEMES. Lap Windings, Ring Windings, Wave Windings, Series Ring-Windings, Winding FormulÊ. Number of circuits. Equalizing connections. COLORED PLATES.

6. ESTIMATION OF LOSSES, HEATING AND PRESSURE-DROP. Copper Losses, Iron Losses, Excitation Losses, Commutator Losses, Losses through sparking. Friction and Windage Losses. Secondary Copper Losses.

7. THE DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS CURRENT DYNAMOS. Working Constants and Trial Values; Flux-densities; Length of Air-gap; Number of Poles; Current Densities; Number of Armature Conductors; Number of Commutator Segments; Size of Armature (Steinmetz coefficient); Assignment of Losses of Energy; Centrifugal Forces; Calculation of Binding Wires; Other procedure in design. Criteria of a good design. Specific utilization of material.

8. EXAMPLES OF DYNAMO DESIGN.

1. Shunt-wound multipolar machine, with slotted drum armature. 2. Over-compounded Multipolar traction generator, with slotted drum armature, with general specifications, tables, dimensions and drawings, fully described.

A number of examples of generators are given in each chapter, fully worked out with rules, tables and data.

VIII. ◊ 253 pages, 92 illustrations, 10 large folding plates and 4 THREE-COLOR PLATES, 8vo., cloth, $3.50.

* * * * *

Dynamo-Electric Machinery

VOL. I.--CONTINUOUS CURRENT.

BY
SILVANUS P. THOMPSON, D.Sc., B.A., F.R.S.

7th Edition Revised and Greatly Enlarged.

CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS.

1. Introductory.
2. Historical Notes.
3. Physical Theory of Dynamo-Electric Machines.
4. Magnetic Principles; and the Magnetic Properties of Iron.
5. Forms of Field-Magnets.
6. Magnetic Calculations as Applied to Dynamo Machines.
7. Copper Calculations; Coil Windings.
8. Insulating Materials and their Properties.
9. Actions and Reactions in the Armature.
10. Commutation; Conditions of Suppression of Sparking.
11. Elementary Theory of the Dynamo, Magneto and Separately Excited
Machines, Self-exciting Machines.
12. Characteristic Curves.
13. The Theory of Armature Winding.
14. Armature Construction.
15. Mechanical Points in Design and Construction.
16. Commutators, Brushes and Brush-Holders.
17. Losses, Heating and Pressure-Drop.
18. The Design of Continuous Current Dynamos.
19. Analysis of Dynamo Design.
20. Examples of Modern Dynamos (Lighting and Traction).
21. Dynamos for Electro-Metallurgy and Electro-Plating.
22. Arc-Lighting Dynamos and Rectifiers.
23. Special Types of Dynamos; Extra High Voltage Machines,
Steam-Turbine Machines, Extra Low Speed Machines, Exciters,
Double-Current Machines, Three-Wire Machines, Homopolar
(Unipolar) Machines, Disk Dynamos.
24. Motor-Generators and Boosters.
25. Continuous-Current Motors.
26. Regulators, Rheostats, Controllers and Starter.
27. Management and Testing of Dynamos.
Appendix, Wire Gauge Tables. Index.

996 pages, 573 illustrations, 4 colored plates, 32 large folding plates.
8vo., cloth. $7.50.[++]

* * * * *

Alternating-Current Machinery

BEING VOL. II OF

Dynamo-Electric Machinery.

BY
SILVANUS P. THOMPSON, D.Sc., B.A., F.R.S.

Owing to the enormous increase in the use of electrical machinery since the publication of the sixth edition of DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINERY the author has deemed it advisable to divide the work. Vol. I. is devoted to DIRECT CURRENT MACHINERY and this the second part. Vol. II. ALTERNATING CURRENT MACHINERY. Amongst the many new features treated special mention must be made of the number of fine colored plates of windings and the many large folding scale drawings. These two volumes make the most comprehensive and authoritative work on dynamo machinery. The work has been so universally adopted that it has been found necessary to translate it into French and German.

CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS.

1. Principles of Alternating Currents.
2. Periodic Functions.
3. Alternators.
4. Induced E.M.F. and Wave-Forms of Alternators.
5. Magnetic Leakage and Armature Reaction.
6. Winding Schemes for Alternators.
7. Design of Alternators. Compounding of Alternators.
8. Examples of Modern Alternators.
9. Steam Turbine Alternators.
10. Synchronous Motors, Motor Generators, Converters.
11. Parallel Running of Alternators.
12. Transformers.
13. Design of Transformers.
14. Induction Motors.
15. Design of Induction Motors.
16. Examples of Induction Motors.
17. Single-Phase Induction Motors.
18. Alternating-Current Commutator Motors.
Appendix. The Standardization of Voltages and Frequencies.
Complete Index.

XX + 848 pages, 546 illustrations, 15 colored plates and 24 large folding plates. 8vo., cloth. $7.50[++].

* * * * *

Books for Steam Engineers.

=DIAGRAM OF CORLISS ENGINE.= A large engraving giving a longitudinal section of the Corliss engine cylinder, showing relative positions of the piston, steam valves, exhaust valves, and wrist plates when cut-off takes place at 1/4 stroke for each 15 degrees of the circle. With full particulars. Reach-rods and rock shafts. The circle explained. Wrist-plates and eccentrics. Explanation of figures, etc. Printed on heavy paper, size 13 in. ◊ 19 in., =25c.=

=THE CORLISS ENGINE= and its Management. A Practical Handbook for young engineers and firemen, (3rd edition) by J. T. HENTHORN. A good little book, containing much useful and practical information. =Illustrated, cloth, $1.00.=

=THE FIREMAN'S GUIDE= to the Care and Management of Boilers, by KARL P. DAHLSTROM, M.E., covering the following subjects: Firing and Economy of Fuel; Feed and Water Line: Low Water and Priming: Steam Pressure: Cleaning and Blowing Out; General Directions. A thoroughly practical book. =Cloth, 50c.=

=A B C OF THE STEAM ENGINE.= With a description of the automatic shaft governor, with six large scale drawings. A practical handbook for firemen helpers and young engineers, giving a set of detail drawings all numbered and lettered and with names and particulars of all parts of an up-to-date American high speed stationary steam engine. Also a large drawing and full description of the automatic shaft governor. With notes and practical hints. This work will prove of great help to all young men who wish to obtain their engineer's license. =Cloth, price 50c.=

=HOW TO RUN ENGINES AND BOILERS.= By E. P. WATSON, (for many years a practical engineer, and a well-known writer in _The Engineer_.) A first-rate book for beginners, firemen and helpers. Commencing from the beginning, showing how to thoroughly overhaul a plant, foundations, lining up machinery, setting valves, vacuum, eccentrics, connection, bearings, fittings, cleaning boilers, water tube boilers, running a plant, and many useful rules, hints and other practical information; many thousands already sold. =160 pages, fully illustrated, cloth, $1.00.=

=AMMONIA REFRIGERATION.= By I. I. REDWOOD. A practical work of reference for engineers and others employed in the management of ice and refrigerating machinery. A first-rate book, beginning from the bottom and going carefully through the various processes, stage by stage, with many tables and original illustrations. =Cloth, $1.00.=

=MEYER SLIDE VALVE.= Position diagram of cylinder with cutoff at 1/8, 1/4, 3/8 and 1/2 stroke of piston with movable valves, on card 7-1/2 in. ◊ 5-1/2 in. =Price, 25c.=

* * * * *

AN ELEMENTARY TEXT-BOOK
ON STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS,
FOR THE
USE OF STUDENTS IN SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES.

BY J. H. KINEALY.
_Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University._

Illustrated with Diagrams and Numerous Cuts, Showing American Types
and Details of Engines and Boilers.

This book is written solely as an elementary text-book for the use of beginners and students in engineering, but more specially for the students in the various universities and colleges in this country.

No attempt has been made to tell everything about any one particular subject, but the author has endeavored to give the student an idea of elementary thermodynamics, of the action of the steam in the cylinder of the engine, of the motion of the steam valve, of the differences between the various types of engines and boilers, of the generation of heat by combustion, and the conversion of water into steam.

Care has been taken not to touch upon the design and proportion of the various parts of engines and boilers for strength; as, in the opinion of the writer, that should come after a general knowledge of the engine and boiler has been obtained.

In the derivation of some of the formulÊ in thermodynamics, it has been necessary to use the calculus, but the use of all mathematics higher than algebra and geometry has been avoided as much as possible.

An earnest endeavor has been made to present the subject in a clear and concise manner, using as few words as possible and avoiding all padding.

CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS.