Chapter II: Religious Evolution and Strife

Consult the ecclesiastical historians already cited, and compare R. L. Poole, Illustrations of the History of Medieval Thought (1884), as to Agobard and Claudius. For the special worships of Mary and Joseph see the popular Catholic manual "The Glories of Mary," and P. Paul Barrie's "Glories of Joseph" (Eng. trans. Dublin, 1843 and later)--extracts in C. H. Collette's Dr. Newman and his Religious Opinions, 1866--also Newman's Letter to Dr. Pusey, as there cited. Sketches of the history of auricular confession are given in Rev. B. W. Savile's Primitive and Catholic Faith, 1875, ch. xiii, and in Confession, a doctrinal and historical essay, by L. Desanctis, Eng. tr. 1878; and sketches of the history of indulgences in Lea's History of the Inquisition, i, 41-47; De Potter's Esprit de l'Église, vii, 22-29; and Lea's Studies in Church History, 1869, p. 450. Of the Albigensian crusades a full narrative is given by Sismondi, Histoire des Français, tom. vi and vii--chapters collected and translated in Eng. vol., History of the Crusades against the Albigenses (1826). The most comprehensive study of the chief heresies of the Middle Ages is Döllinger's Beiträge zur Sektengeschichte des Mittelalters, 2 Bde. 1890. On the rationalistic heresies consult Ueberweg's History of Philosophy, Hermann Renter's Geschichte der religiösen Aufklärung im Mittelalter (1875-77); Poole's Illustrations of Medieval Thought, and Renan's Averroës et l'Averroïsme. On the anti-clerical and anti-papal heresies compare Neander, Mosheim, Milman, Hardwick, and Poole. The fortunes of the Lollard movement are discussed in the author's Dynamics of Religion.