Chapter XVII: The Negro Problem (2)

Graham, Stephen: The Soul of John Brown. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1920.

Hallowell, Richard P.: Why the Negro was Enfranchised--Negro Suffrage Justified. Boston, 1903. (Reprint of two letters in the _Boston Herald_, March 11 and 26, 1903.)

Hammond, Lily Hardy: In Black and White: An Interpretation of Southern Life. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914.

Harris, Norman Dwight: Intervention and Colonization in Africa. Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, 1914.

Hart, Albert Bushnell: National Ideals Historically Traced. Vol. 26 in American Nation Series.

Slavery and Abolition. Vol. 16 in American Nation Series.

The Southern South. D. Appleton & Co., New York, 1910.

Hartshorn, W.N., and Penniman, George W.: An Era of Progress and Promise, 1863-1910. The Priscilla Publishing Co., Boston, 1910.

Haworth, Paul Leland: America in Ferment. Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, 1915.

Haynes, George E.: The Negro at Work in New York City Vol 49, No. 3, of Columbia Studies, 1912.

Helper, Hinton Rowan: The Impending Crisis of the South: How to Meet It. New York, 1857.

Hickok, Charles T.: The Negro in Ohio, 1802-1870. (Western Reserve thesis.) Cleveland, 1896.

Higginson, Thomas Wentworth: Army Life in a Black Regiment Boston, 1870. (Latest edition, Houghton, Mifflin Co., 1900.)

Hoffman, Frederick L.: Race Traits and Tendencies of the American Negro. American Economics Association Publications, XI, Nos. 1-3, 1896.

Hodge, Frederick W. (editor): Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543 (in Original Narratives of Early American History), esp. The Narrative of Alvar Nuñez Cabeça de Vaca. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1907.

Holland, Edwin C.: A Refutation of the Calumnies circulated against the Southern and Western States, respecting the institution and existence of slavery among them; to which is added a minute and particular account of the actual condition and state of their Negro Population, together with Historical Notices of all the Insurrections that have taken place since the settlement of the country. By a South Carolinian. Charleston, 1822.

Horsemanden, Daniel (Judge): A Journal of the Proceedings in the Detection of the Conspiracy Formed by Some White People, in conjunction with Negro and Other Slaves, for Burning the City of New York in America, and Murdering the Inhabitants. New York, 1744.

Hosmer, James K.: The History of the Louisiana Purchase. D. Appleton & Co., New York, 1902.

Hurd, John C.: The Law of Freedom and Bondage. 2 vols. Boston, 1858-1862.

Jay, William: Inquiry into the Character and Tendency of the American Colonization and Anti-Slavery Societies. New York, 1835.

Jefferson, Thomas: Writings, issued under the auspices of the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association. 20 vols. Washington, 1903.

Jervey, Theodore D.: Robert Y. Hayne and His Times. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1909.

Johnson, Allen: Union and Democracy. Vol. 2 of Riverside History of the United States. Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, 1915.

Johnson, James W.: Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man (published anonymously). Sherman, French & Co., Boston, 1912.

Fifty Years and Other Poems. The Cornhill Co., Boston, 1917.

Hayti. Four articles reprinted from the _Nation_, New York, 1920.

Johnston, Sir Harry Hamilton: The Negro in the New World. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1910.

Kelsey, Carl: The Negro Farmer (Ph.D. thesis, Pennsylvania). Jennings & Pye, Chicago, 1903.

Kemble, Frances A.: Journal of Residence on a Georgia Plantation, 1838-1839. Harper & Bros., 1863.

Kerlin, Robert T. (editor): The Voice of the Negro, 1919. E.P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1920.

Kimball, John C.: Connecticut's Canterbury Tale; Its Heroine Prudence Crandall, and Its Moral for To-Day. Hartford, Conn. (1886).

Krehbiel, Henry E.: Afro-American Folk-Songs. G. Schirmer, New York and London, 1914.

Lauber, Almon Wheeler: Indian Slavery in Colonial Times within the Present Limits of the United States. Vol. 54, No. 3, of Columbia University Studies, 1913.

Livermore, George: An Historical Research Respecting the Opinions of the Founders of the Republic on Negroes as Slaves, as Citizens, and as Soldiers. Boston, 1863.

Locke, Mary Stoughton: Anti-Slavery in America from the Introduction of African Slaves to the Prohibition of the Slave-Trade, 1619-1808. Radcliffe College Monograph No. 11. Boston, 1901 (now handled by Harvard University Press).

Lonn, Ella: Reconstruction in Louisiana. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1919.

Lugard, Lady (Flora L. Shaw): A Tropical Dependency. James Nisbet & Co., Ltd., London, 1906.

Lynch, John R.: The Facts of Reconstruction: The Neale Publishing Co., New York, 1913.

McConnell, John Preston: Negroes and Their Treatment in Virginia from 1865 to 1867 (Ph.D. thesis, Virginia, 1905). Printed by B.D. Smith & Bros., Pulaski, Va., 1910.

MacCorkle, William A.: Some Southern Questions. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1908.

McCormac, E.I.: White Servitude in Maryland. Johns Hopkins Studies, XXII, 119.

McDougall, Marion Gleason: Fugitive Slaves, 1619-1865. Fay House (Radcliffe College) Monograph, No. 3. Boston, 1891 (now handled by Harvard University Press).

McLaughlin, Andrew Cunningham: The Confederation and the Constitution, 1783-1789. Vol. 10 in American Nation Series.

McMaster, John Bach: A History of the People of the United States, from the Revolution to the Civil War. 8 vols. D. Appleton & Co., New York, 1883-1913.

Macy, Jesse: The Anti-Slavery Crusade. Vol. 28 in Chronicles of America.

Marsh, J.B.T.: The Story of the Jubilee Singers, with their songs. Boston, 1880.

Miller, Kelly: Race Adjustment. The Neale Publishing Co., New York and Washington, 1908.

Out of the House of Bondage. The Neale Publishing Co., New
York, 1914.

Appeal to Conscience (in Our National Problems Series). The
Macmillan Co., New York, 1913.

Moore, G.H.: Historical Notes on the Employment of Negroes in the American Army of the Revolution. New York, 1862.

Morgan, Thomas J.: Reminiscences of Service with Colored Troops in the Army of the Cumberland, 1863-65. Providence, 1885.

Moton, Robert Russa: Finding a Way Out: An Autobiography. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N.Y., 1920.

Murphy, Edgar Gardner: The Basis of Ascendency. Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1909.

Murray, Freeman H.M.: Emancipation and the Freed in American Sculpture. Published by the author, 1733 Seventh St., N.W., Washington, 1916.

Odum, Howard W.: Social and Mental Traits of the Negro. Columbia University Studies, Vol. 37, No. 3. New York, 1910.

Olmsted, Frederick Law: The Cotton Kingdom. 2 vols. New York, 1861.

A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States. New York, 1856.

Page, Thomas Nelson: The Old South. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1892.

The Negro: the Southerner's Problem. Charles Scribner's Sons,
New York, 1904.

Palmer, B.M. (with W.T. Leacock): The Rights of the South Defended in the Pulpits. Mobile, 1860.

Penniman, George W. See Hartshorn, W.N.

Phillips, Ulrich B.: American Negro Slavery. D. Appleton & Co., New York, 1918.

Plantation and Frontier. Vols. I and II of Documentary History
of American Industrial Society. Arthur H. Clark Co., Cleveland,
1910.

Pike, G.D.: The Jubilee Singers and Their Campaign for $20,000. Boston, 1873.

Pike, J.S.: The Prostrate State: South Carolina under Negro Government. New York, 1874.

Pipkin, James Jefferson: The Negro in Revelation, in History, and in Citizenship. N.D. Thompson Publishing Co., St. Louis, 1902.

Platt, O.H.: Negro Governors. Papers of the New Haven Colony Historical Society, Vol. 6. New Haven, 1900.

Reese, David M.: A Brief Review of the First Annual Report of the American Anti-Slavery Society. New York, 1834.

Rhodes, James Ford: History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 (1850-1877 and 1877-1896). 8 vols. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1893-1919.

Roman, Charles Victor: American Civilization and the Negro. F.A. Davis Co., Philadelphia, 1916.

Russell, John H.: The Free Negro in Virginia, 1619-1865. Johns Hopkins Studies, Series XXXI, No. 3. Baltimore, 1913.

Sandburg, Carl: The Chicago Race Riots, July, 1919. Harcourt, Brace & Howe, New York, 1919.

Schurz, Carl: Speeches, Correspondence, and Political Papers, selected and edited by Frederic Bancroft. 6 vols. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London, 1913.

Scott, Emmett J.: Negro Migration during the War (in Preliminary Economic Studies of the War--Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Division of Economics and History). Oxford University Press, American Branch. New York, 1920.

Official History of the American Negro in the World War. Washington,
1919.

Seligman, Herbert J.: The Negro Faces America. Harper Bros., New York, 1920.

Shaler, Nathaniel Southgate: The Neighbor: the Natural History of Human Contacts. Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, 1904.

Siebert, Wilbur H.: The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1898.

Sinclair, William A.: The Aftermath of Slavery. Small, Maynard & Co., Boston, 1905.

Smith, Justin H.: The War with Mexico. 2 vols. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1919.

Smith, Theodore Clarke: Parties and Slavery. Vol. 18 of American Nation Series.

Smith, T.W.: The Slave in Canada. Vol. 10 in Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society. Halifax, N.S., 1889.

Stephenson, Gilbert Thomas: Race Distinctions in American Law. D. Appleton & Co., New York, 1910.

Steward, T.G.: The Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804. Thomas Y. Crowell Co., New York, 1914.

Stoddard, Lothrop: The Rising Tide of Color against White World-Supremacy, with an Introduction by Madison Grant. Charles Scribner's Sons. New York, 1920.

Stone, Alfred H.: Studies in the American Race Problem. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York, 1908.

Storey, Moorfield: The Negro Question. An Address delivered before the Wisconsin Bar Association. Boston, 1918. Problems of To-Day. Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, 1920.

Thompson, Holland: The New South. Vol. 42 in Chronicles of America.

Tillinghast, Joseph Alexander: The Negro in Africa and America. Publications of American Economics Association, Series 3 Vol 3, No. 2. New York, 1902.

Toombs, Robert: Speech on The Crisis, delivered before the Georgia Legislature, Dec. 7, 1860. Washington, 1860.

Tucker, St. George: A Dissertation on Slavery, with a Proposal for the Gradual Abolition of it in the State of Virginia. Philadelphia, 1796.

Turner, Frederick Jackson: The Rise of the New West. Vol. 14 in American Nation Series.

Turner, Edward Raymond: The Negro in Pennsylvania, 1639-1861 (Justin Winsor Prize of American Historical Association, 1910). Washington, 1911.

Washington, Booker T.: The Future of the American Negro. Small, Maynard & Co., Boston, 1899.

The Story of My Life and Work. Nichols & Co., Naperville, Ill.,
1900.

Up from Slavery: An Autobiography. Doubleday, Page & Co.,
New York, 1901.

Character Building. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York, 1902.

Working with the Hands. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York,
1904.

Putting the Most into Life. Crowell & Co., New York, 1906.

Frederick Douglass (in American Crisis Biographies). George W.
Jacobs & Co., Philadelphia, 1906.

The Negro in the South (with W.E.B. DuBois). George W.
Jacobs & Co., Philadelphia, 1907.

The Negro in Business. Hertel, Jenkins & Co., Chicago, 1907.

The Story of the Negro. 2 vols. Doubleday, Page & Co., New
York, 1909.

My Larger Education. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N.Y.,
1911.

The Man Farthest Down (with Robert Emory Park). Doubleday,
Page & Co., Garden City, N.Y., 1912.

Weale, B.L. Putnam: The Conflict of Color. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1910.

Weatherford, W.D.: Present Forces in Negro Progress. Association Press, New York, 1912.

Weld, Theodore Dwight: American Slavery as It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. Published by the American Anti-Slavery Society, New York, 1839.

Wiener, Leo: Africa and the Discovery of America, Vol. I. Innes & Sons, Philadelphia, 1920.

Williams, George Washington: History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880. 2 vols. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1883.

Wise, John S.: The End of an Era. Houghton, Mifflin Co., 1899. Woodson, Carter G.: The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1915.

A Century of Negro Migration. Association for the Study of
Negro Life and History, Washington, 1918.

Woolf, Leonard: Empire and Commerce in Africa: A Study in Economic Imperialism. London, 1920. The Macmillan Co., New York.

Wright, Richard R.: Negro Companions of the Spanish Explorers. (Reprinted from the _American Anthropologist_, Vol. 4, April-June, 1902.)

Wright, Richard R., Jr.: The Negro in Pennsylvania: A Study in Economic History. (Ph.D. thesis, Pennsylvania.) A.M.E. Book Concern, Philadelphia.

Wright, T.S. See Cornish, Samuel E.

Zabriskie, Luther K.: The Virgin Islands of the United States of America. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1918.

* * * * *

An Address to the People of the United States, adopted at a Conference of Colored Citizens, held at Columbia, S.C., July 20 and 21, 1876. Republican Printing Co., Columbia, S.C., 1876.

Paper (letter published in a Washington paper) submitted in connection with the Debate in the United States House of Representatives, July 15th and 18th, 1776, on the Massacre of Six Colored Citizens at Hamburg, S.C., July 4, 1876.

Proceedings of the National Conference of Colored Men of the United States, held in the State Capitol at Nashville, Tenn., May 6, 7, 8, and 9, 1879. Washington, D.C., 1879.

Story of the Riot. Persecution of Negroes by roughs and policemen in the City of New York, August, 1900. Statement and Proofs written and compiled by Frank Moss and issued by the Citizens' Protective League. New York, 1900.

The Voice of the Carpet Bagger. Reconstruction Review No. 1, published by the Anti-Lynching Bureau. Chicago, 1901.

III. Special Lists

1. On Chapter II, Section 3; Chapter III, Section 5; Chapter VIII and Chapter XI, the general topic being the social progress of the Negro before 1860. Titles are mainly in the order of appearance of works.

Mather, Cotton: Rules for the Society of Negroes, 1693. Reprinted by George H. Moore, Lenox Library, New York, 1888.

The Negro Christianized. An Essay to excite and assist that good
work, the instruction of Negro-servants in Christianity. Boston,
1706.

Allen, Richard. The Life, Experience and Gospel Labors of the Rt. Rev. Richard Allen, written by himself. Philadelphia, 1793.

Hall, Prince. A Charge delivered to the African Lodge, June 24, 1797, at Menotomy, by the Right Worshipful Prince Hall. (Boston) 1797.

To the Free Africans and Other Free People of Color in the United States. (Broadside) Philadelphia, 1797.

Walker, David: Appeal, in four articles, together with a Preamble to the Colored Citizens of the World. Boston, 1829.

Garrison, William Lloyd: An Address delivered before the Free People of Color in Philadelphia, New York, and other cities, during the month of June, 1831. Boston, 1831.

Thoughts on African Colonization (see list above).

Minutes and Proceedings of the First Annual Convention of the People of Color, held by adjournments in the City of Philadelphia, from the sixth to the eleventh of June, inclusive, 1831. Philadelphia, 1831.

College for Colored Youth. An Account of the New Haven City Meeting and Resolutions with Recommendations of the College, and Strictures upon the Doings of New Haven. New York, 1831.

On the Condition of the Free People of Color in the United States. New York, 1839. (_The Anti-Slavery Examiner_, No. 13.)

Condition of the People of Color in the State of Ohio, with interesting anecdotes. Boston, 1839.

Armistead, Wilson: Memoir of Paul Cuffe. London, 1840.

Wilson, Joseph: Sketches of the Higher Classes of Colored Society in Philadelphia. Philadelphia, 1841.

National Convention of Colored Men and Their Friends. Troy, N.Y., 1847.

Garnet, Henry Highland: The Past and Present Condition and the Destiny of the Colored Race. Troy, 1848.

Delany, Martin R.: The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States, Politically Considered. Philadelphia, 1852.

Cincinnati Convention of Colored Freedmen of Ohio. Proceedings, Jan. 14-19, 1852. Cincinnati, 1852.

Proceedings of the Colored National Convention, held in Rochester, July 6, 7, and 8, 1853. Rochester, 1853.

Cleveland National Emigration Convention of Colored People. Proceedings, Aug. 22-24, 1854. Pittsburg, 1854.

Nell, William C.: The Colored Patriots of the American Revolution, with sketches of several Distinguished Colored Persons: to which is added a brief survey of the Condition and Prospects of Colored Americans, with an Introduction by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Boston, 1855.

Stevens, Charles E.: Anthony Burns, a History. Boston, 1856.

Catto, William T.: A Semi-Centenary Discourse, delivered in the First African Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, with a History of the church from its first organization, including a brief notice of Rev. John Gloucester, its first pastor. Philadelphia, 1857.

Bacon, Benjamin C.: Statistics of the Colored People of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, 1856. Second edition, with statistics of crime, Philadelphia, 1857.

Condition of the Free Colored People of the United States, by James Freeman Clarke, in _Christian Examiner_, March, 1859, 246-265. Reprinted as pamphlet by American Anti-Slavery Society, New York, 1859.

Brown, William Wells: Clotel, or The President's Daughter (a narrative of slave life in the United States). London, 1853.

The Escape; or A Leap for Freedom, a Drama in five acts. Boston,
1858.

The Black Man, His Antecedents, His Genius, and His Achievements.
New York, 1863.

The Rising Son; or The Antecedents and Advancement of the
Colored Race. Boston, 1874.

To Thomas J. Gantt, Esq. (Broadside), Charleston, 1861.

Douglass, William: Annals of St. Thomas's First African Church. Philadelphia, 1862.

Proceedings of the National Convention of Colored Men, held in the city of Syracuse, N.Y., October 4, 5, 6, and 7, 1864, with the Bill of Wrongs and Rights and the Address to the American People. Boston, 1864.

The Budget, containing the Annual Reports of the General Officers of the African M.E. Church of the United States of America, edited by Benjamin W. Arnett. Xenia, O., 1881. Same for later years.

Simms, James M.: The First Colored Baptist Church in North America. Printed by J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1888.

Upton, William H.: Negro Masonry, being a Critical Examination of objections to the legitimacy of the Masonry existing among the Negroes of America. Cambridge, 1899; second edition, 1902.

Brooks, Charles H.: The Official History and Manual of the Grand United Order of Odd Fellows in America. Philadelphia, 1902.

Cromwell, John W.: The Early Convention Movement. Occasional Paper No. 9 of American Negro Academy, Washington, D.C., 1904.

Brooks, Walter H.: The Silver Bluff Church, Washington, 1910.

Crawford, George W.: Prince Hall and His Followers. New Haven, 1915.

Wright, Richard R., Jr. (Editor-in-Chief): Centennial Encyclopædia of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. A.M.E. Book Concern, Philadelphia, 1916.

Also note narratives or autobiographies of Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, Samuel Ringgold Ward, Solomon Northrup, Lunsford Lane, etc.; the poems of Phillis Wheatley (first edition, London, 1773), and George M. Horton; Williams's History for study of some more prominent characters; Woodson's bibliography for the special subject of education; and periodical literature, especially the articles remarked in Chapter XI in connection with the free people of color in Louisiana.

2. On Chapter V (Indian and Negro)

A standard work on the Second Seminole War is The Origin, Progress, and Conclusion of the Florida War, by John T. Sprague, D. Appleton & Co., New York, 1848; but also important as touching upon the topics of the chapter are The Exiles of Florida, by Joshua R. Giddings, Columbus, Ohio, 1858, and a speech by Giddings in the House of Representatives February 9, 1841. Note also House Document No. 128 of the 1st session of the 20th Congress, and Document 327 of the 2nd session of the 25th Congress. The Aboriginal Races of North America, by Samuel G. Drake, fifteenth edition, New York, 1880, is interesting and suggestive though formless; and McMaster in different chapters gives careful brief accounts of the general course of the Indian wars.

3. On Chapter VII (Insurrections)

(For insurrections before that of Denmark Vesey note especially Coffin, Holland, and Horsemanden above. On Gabriel's Insurrection see article by Higginson (_Atlantic_, X. 337), afterwards included in Travellers and Outlaws.)

Denmark Vesey

1. An Official Report of the Trials of Sundry Negroes, charged with an attempt to raise an Insurrection in the State of South Carolina. By Lionel H. Kennedy and Thomas Parker (members of the Charleston Bar and the Presiding Magistrates of the Court). Charleston, 1822.

2. An Account of the Late Intended Insurrection among a Portion of the Black of this City. Published by the Authority of the Corporation of Charleston. Charleston, 1822 (reprinted Boston, 1822, and again in Boston and Charleston).

The above accounts, now exceedingly rare, are the real sources of all later study of Vesey's insurrection. The two accounts are sometimes identical; thus the list of those executed or banished is the same. The first has a good introduction. The second was written by James Hamilton, Intendant of Charleston.

3. Letter of Governor William Bennett, dated August 10, 1822. (This was evidently a circular letter to the press. References are to Lundy's _Genius of Universal Emancipation_, II, 42, Ninth month, 1822, and there are reviews in the following issues, pages 81, 131, and 142. Higginson notes letter as also in _Columbian Sentinel_, August 31, 1822; _Connecticut Courant_, September 3, 1822; and _Worcester Spy_, September 18, 1822.)

Three secondary accounts in later years are important:

1. Article on Denmark Vesey by Higginson (_Atlantic_, VII. 728) included in Travellers and Outlaws: Episodes in American History. Lee and Shepard, Boston, 1889.

2. Right on the Scaffold, or the Martyrs of 1822, by Archibald H. Grimké. No. 7 of the Papers of the American Negro Academy, Washington.

3. Book I, Chapter XII, "Denmark Vesey's Insurrection," in Robert Y. Hayne and His Times, by Theodore D. Jervey, The Macmillan Co., New York, 1909.

Various pamphlets were written immediately after the insurrection not so much to give detailed accounts as to discuss the general problem of the Negro and the reaction of the white citizens of Charleston to the event. Of these we may note the following:

1. Holland, Edwin C.: A Refutation of the Calumnies Circulated against the Southern and Western States. (See main list above.)

2. Achates (General Thomas Pinckney): Reflections Occasioned by the Late Disturbances in Charleston. Charleston, 1822.

3. Rev. Dr. Richard Furman's Exposition of the Views of the Baptists Relative to the Colored Population in the United States. (See main list above.)

4. Practical Considerations Founded on the Scriptures Relative to the Slave Population of South Carolina. By a South Carolinian. Charleston, 1823.

Nat Turner

1. The Confessions of Nat Turner, Leader of the Late Insurrection in Southampton, Va., as fully and voluntarily made to Thos. C. Gray, in the prison where he was confined--and acknowledged by him to be such, when read before the court at Southampton, convened at Jerusalem November 5, 1831, for his trial. (This is the main source. Thousands of copies of the pamphlet are said to have been circulated, but it is now exceedingly rare. Neither the Congressional Library nor the Boston Public has a copy, and Cromwell notes that there is not even one in the State Library in Richmond. The copy used by the author is in the library of Harvard University.)

2. Horrid Massacre. Authentic and Impartial Narrative of the Tragical Scene which was witnessed in Southampton County (Virginia) on Monday the 22nd of August last. New York, 1831. (This gives a table of victims and has the advantage of nearness to the event. This very nearness, however, has given credence to much hearsay and accounted for several instances of inaccuracy.)

To the above may be added the periodicals of the day, such as the Richmond _Enquirer_ and the _Liberator_; note _Genius of Universal Emancipation_, September, 1831. Secondary accounts or studies would include the following:

1. Nat Turner's Insurrection, exhaustive article by Higginson (_Atlantic_, VIII. 173) later included in Travellers and Outlaws.

2. Drewry, William Sidney: Slave Insurrections in Virginia (1830-1865). A Dissertation presented to the Board of University Studies of the Johns Hopkins University for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The Neale Company, Washington, 1900. (Unfortunately marred by a partisan tone.)

3. The Aftermath of Nat Turner's Insurrection, by John W. Cromwell, in _Journal of Negro History_, April, 1920.

_Amistad and Creole_ Cases

1. Argument of John Quincy Adams before the Supreme Court of the United States, in the case of the United States, Apellants, vs. Cinque, and others, Africans, captured in the Schooner _Amistad_, by Lieut. Gedney, delivered on the 24th of February and 1st of March, 1841. New York, 1841.

2. Africans Taken in the _Amistad_. Document No. 185 of the 1st session of the 26th Congress, containing the correspondence in relation to the captured Africans. (Reprinted by Anti-Slavery Depository, New York, 1840.)

3. Senate Document 51 of the 2nd session of the 27th Congress.

4. On Chapter IX (Liberia)

Much has been written about Liberia, but the books and pamphlets have been very uneven in quality. Original sources include the reports of the American Colonization Society to 1825; _The African Repository_, a compendium issued sometimes monthly, sometimes quarterly, by the American Colonization Society from 1825 to 1892, and succeeded by the periodical known as _Liberia_; the reports of the different state organizations; J. Ashmun's History of the American Colony in Liberia from December, 1821 to 1823, compiled from the authentic records of the colony, Washington, 1826; Ralph Randolph Gurley's Life of Jehudi Ashmun, Washington, 1835, second edition, New York, 1839; Gurley's report on Liberia (a United States state paper), Washington, 1850; and the Memorial of the Semi-Centennial Anniversary of the American Colonization Society, celebrated at Washington, January 15, 1867, with documents concerning Liberia, Washington, 1867; to all of which might be added Journal of Daniel Coker, a descendant of Africa, from the time of leaving New York, in the ship _Elisabeth_, Capt. Sebor, on a voyage for Sherbro, in Africa, Baltimore, 1820. J.H.B. Latrobe, a president of the American Colonization Society, is prominent in the Memorial volume of 1867, and after this date are credited to him Liberia: its Origin, Rise, Progress, and Results, an address delivered before the American Colonization Society, January 20, 1880, Washington, 1880, and Maryland in Liberia, Baltimore, 1885. An early and interesting compilation is G.S. Stockwell's The Republic of Liberia: Its Geography, Climate, Soil, and Productions, with a history of its early settlement, New York, 1868; a good handbook is Frederick Starr's Liberia, Chicago, 1913; mention might also be made of T. McCants Stewart's Liberia, New York, 1886; and George W. Ellis's Negro Culture in West Africa, Neale Publishing Co., New York, 1914, is outstanding in its special field. Two Johns Hopkins theses have been written: John H.T. McPherson's History of Liberia (Studies, IX, No. 10), 1891, and E.L. Fox's The American Colonization Society 1817-1840 (Studies, XXXVII, 9-226), 1919; the first of these is brief and clearcut and especially valuable for its study of the Maryland colony. Magazine articles of unusual importance are George W. Ellis's Dynamic Factors in the Liberian Situation and Emmett J. Scott's Is Liberia Worth Saving? both in _Journal of Race Development_, January, 1911. Of English or continental works outstanding is the monumental but not altogether unimpeachable Liberia, by Sir Harry H. Johnston, with an appendix on the Flora of Liberia by Dr. Otto Stapf, 2 vols., Hutchinson & Co., London, 1906; while with a strong English bias and incomplete and unsatisfactory as a general treatise is R.C.F. Maughan's The Republic of Liberia, London (1920?), Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Mention must also be made of the following publications by residents of Liberia: The Negro Republic on West Africa, by Abayomi Wilfrid Karnga, Monrovia, 1909; New National Fourth Reader, edited by Julius C. Stevens, Monrovia, 1903; Liberia and Her Educational Problems, by Walter F. Walker, an address delivered before the Chicago Historical Society, October 23, 1916; and Catalogue of Liberia College for 1916, and Historical Register, printed at the Riverdale Press, Brookline, Mass., 1919; while Edward Wilmot Blyden's Christianity, Islam, and the Negro Race is representative of the best of the more philosophical dissertations.

Abbeville, S.C. Aberdeen, Lord Abolition, Abolitionists Abraham, Negro interpreter Abyssinia Adams, Doc Adams, Henry Adams, John Adams, John Quincy Africa African Methodist Episcopal Church, and schools African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, and schools _Age, The New York_ Aguinaldo Akron, Ohio Alabama Aldridge, Ira Allen, Richard Alton, Ill. Ambrister, Robert Amendments to Constitution of United States American Anti-Slavery Society American Baptist Home Mission Society American Baptist Publication Society American Bar Association American Colonization Society American Convention of Abolition Societies American Federation of Labor American Giants American Missionary Association Amistad Case Anderson, Benjamin Andrew, John O. Andrew, William Anthony, Susan B. Anti-Slavery societies _Appeal_, David Walker's Arbuthnot, Alexander Arkansas Arkwright, Richard Armstrong, Samuel C. Asbury, Bishop Ashley, Lord Ashmun, Jehudi Assiento Contract Atlanta, Ga. Atlanta Compromise Atlanta Massacre Atlanta University Attaway, A.T. Attucks, Crispus Augusta, Ga. Ayres, Eli

Bacon, Ephraim Bacon, John F. Bacon, Samuel Baker, F.B. Balboa Baltimore Banbaras Bankson, John Banneker, Benjamin Baptists, churches and schools Baptist Young People s Union Barbadoes Barbour, Capt. Barbour, Dan Barclay, Arthur Barlow, Joel Bassa Trading Association Bassa tribe Bassett, Ebenezer Batson, Flora Baxter, Richard Beecher, Henry Ward Behn, Aphra Belleau Wood Benedict College Benefit societies Benezet, Anthony Bennett, Batteau Bennett, Gov., of South Carolina Bennett, Ned Bennett, Rolla Benson, Stephen Allen Berea College Bethel Church, A.M.E., of Philadelphia Birmingham, Ala. Birney, James G. "Birth of a Nation" Bishop College Black Codes Black Star Line Blacksmith, Ben Blackwood, Jesse Blair, Henry Blanco, Pedro Bleckley, L.E. Blunt, John Blyden, Edward Wilmot Boatswain, African chief Bogalusa, La. Boston, Mass. Boston Massacre Boston, Samuel Bouey, H.N. Bourne, E.G. Bowers, John Bowler, Jack Boyd, Henry Brooks, Preston S. Brooks County, Ga. Brough, Charles H. Brown, Bishop, of Arkansas Brown, John Brown, William Brown, William Wells Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Brownsville, Texas Bruce, Blanche K. Bryan, Andrew Bryce, James Buchanan, Thomas H. Bull, Gov., of South Carolina Bullock, M.W. Burgess, Ebenezer Burleigh, Harry T. Burning of Negroes Burns, Anthony Burnside, Gen. Burton, Belfast Burton, Mary Business, Negro Butler, B.F., District Attorney in New York Butler, B.F., Gen. Butler, M.C. Butler, Sol Buttrick, Wallace Buzi tribe Byron, Lord

Cable, George W. Cadell, Major Cæsar, in New York Calderon, Spanish minister Caldwell, Elias B. Calhoun, John C. Calvert, George, Lord Baltimore Camp Dodge Camp Grant Camphor, A.P. Canaan, N.H., school at Canada Canning, George Cape Palmas Cardozo, F.L. Carmantee tribe Carney, William H. Carranza, Andrés Dorantes de Carrizal Cartledge, Lewis Cary, Lott Cass, Lewis Cassell, Nathaniel H.B. Catholics Cato, insurrectionist Cato, Will Chain-gang _Challenge Magazine_ Chamberlain, Gov., of South Carolina Champion, James Channing, William Ellery Charles V Charles, Robert Charleston, S.C. Château Thierry Chavis, John Cheeseman, Joseph James Cherokees Chesnutt, Charles W. Chester, Penn. Chicago riot Chickasaws Child, Lydia Maria China Choctaws, Christianity _Christian Recorder_ Chuma Cincinnati Cinque, Joseph Civil Rights Civil War Claflin University _Clansman, The_ Clark, Andrew Clark, Major Clark University Clarkson, Matthew Clarkson, Quamoney Clarkson, Thomas Clay, Henry Cleveland, Grover Cleveland, Ohio Clinch, Duncan L. Clinton, Sir Henry Coatesville, Penn. Cockburn, Sir Francis Coker, Daniel Cole and Johnson Company Cole, James Coleman, William D. Coleridge-Taylor, Samuel College graduates College of West Africa Colonization Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, and schools Compromise of 1850 Congregationalists Connecticut Constitution of the United States Continental Congress Conventions Convict Lease system. _See_ Peonage. Cook, James Cook, O.F. Coot, insurrectionist Cope, Thomas P. Cordovell, of New Orleans Corey, C.H. "Corkscrew" lynching Cornish, Samuel E. Cotton-gin Cowagee, John Cowley, Robert Cowper, William Cox, Minnie Coybet, Gen. Cranchell, Cæsar Crandall, Prudence Cravath, E.M. Crawford, Anthony Crawford, William Creeks Creole Case Criminal, Negro _Crisis, The_ Crompton, Samuel Cross Keys, Va. Crozer, Samuel A. Crucifixion Crum, William D. Crummell, Alexander Cuba Cuffe, Paul Cuffe, Peter Cuffee, in New York Curry, J.L.M. Curtis, Justice Cutler, Manasseh

Dade, Major Darien, Ga. _Darkwater_ Davis, Benjamin O. Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence (Liberian) _Defender, The_ De Grasse, John V. Delany, Martin R. Delaware Democrats Denmark Dennison, Franklin A. Derham, James Dew, T.R. Deys, in Africa Dickens, Charles Dillard, James H. Disfranchisement Dismond, Binga District of Columbia Dixie Kid Dixon, George Dixon, Thomas Dorsey, Hugh M. Dossen, J.J. Douglas, Stephen A. Douglass, Frederick Douglass, Robert Dow, Lorenzo Dowdy, Jim Draft Riot in New York Drake, Francis Drayton, Congressman from South Carolina Dred Scott Decision Drew, Howard P. "Dreyfus," poem by Edwin Markham DuBois, W.E. Burghardt Dugro, Justice P.H. Dunbar, Charles B. Dunbar, Paul L. Dunbar Theater, in Philadelphia Duncan, Otis B. Duncan, William Dunmore, Lord Dunning, W.A. Durham, Clayton Duties on importation of slaves Duval, William P. Dwight, Gen. Dyersburg, Tenn.

Early County, Ga. East St. Louis Eaton, John, Comm. of Education Eaton, John H., Secretary of War Econchattimico Education Egypt Elaine, Ark. El Caney Eliot, John Elizabeth, Queen Elliott, Robert B. Emancipation Emathla, Charley Emathlochee Emerson, Dr. _Empire and Commerce in Africa_ England (or Great Britain) Episcopalians Erie Railroad Estevanico Estill Springs, Tenn. Etheridge, at Phoenix, S.C. Ethiopians Evans, Lewis Everett, Alexander H. Everett, Edward Exodus, Negro. _See also_ Migration.

Faber, F.W. Factories, slave Falkner, Roland P. Federalists Ferguson, Frank Ferguson, Samuel D. Fernandina, Fla. Finley, I.F.C. Finley, Robert First African Baptist Church, in Savannah First Bryan Baptist Church, in Savannah Fish War Fisk Jubilee Singers Fisk University Fleet, Dr. Fleming, W.L. Florida F.M.C.'s Foraker, J.B. Forrester, Lot Forsyth, John Fort Brooke Fort Gibson, Ark. Fort Jackson, treaty of Fort King Fort Mims Fort Moultrie (near St. Augustine), treaty of Fort Moultrie (near Charleston) Fort Pillow Fort Sam Houston Fort Wagner Forten, James Fortress Monroe Foster, Theodore Fowltown France Francis, Sam Francis, Will Franklin, Benjamin Free African Society Freedmen's Aid Society Freedmen's Bank Freedmen's Bureau _Freedom's Journal_ Freeman, Cato Free Negroes Free-Soil Party Fremont, John C. Friends, Society of. _See_ Quakers. Frissell, Hollis B. Fugitive Slave Laws Fuller, Meta Warrick Furman, Richard

Gabriel, insurrectionist Gadsden, James Gage, Frances D. Gailliard, Nicholas Gaines, Gen. Galilean Fishermen Galveston Gans, Joe Gardiner, Anthony W. Garlington, E.A. Garnett, H.H. Garrison, William Lloyd Garvey, Marcus Gatumba, Chief Geaween, John Gell, Monday General Education Board Georgia _Georgia Baptist_ Georgia Railroad labor trouble Georgia, University of Germans, Germany Germantown protest Gibbes, Gov., of South Carolina Gibson, Garretson W. Giddings, Joshua R. Gildersleeve, Basil L. Giles, Harriet E. Giles, Jackson W. Gilmer, Congressman, of Georgia Gleaves, R.H. Gloucester, John Gola tribe Gold Coast Gonzales Goodspeed, Dr., of Benedict College Gorden, Robert Gordon, Midshipman Gourdin, E. Gradual Emancipation Grady, Henry W. Graeff, Abraham Op den Graeff, Dirck Op den Grand Bassa "Grandfather Clause," Grant, U.S. Graves, Samuel Gray, Thomas C. Gray, William Great War Grebo tribe Greeley, Horace Greene, Col. Greenfield, Elizabeth Taylor Greenleaf, Prof. Greenville, in Liberia Grice, Hezekiah Groves, Junius C. Grundy, Felix _Guardian, The_ Guerra, Christóbal de la Guerra, Luís de la Guinea Coast Gullah Jack Gurley, R.R.

Hadjo, Micco Hajo, Tuski Hall, James Hall, Prince Hallowell, Edward N. Hallowell, N.P. Hamburg Massacre Hampton Institute Hampton, Wade Harden, Henry Hargreaves, James Harper, in Liberia Harper, F.E.W. Harper's Ferry Harris, Arthur Harris, John M. Harris, William T. Harrison, Benjamin Harrison, William Henry Harrison St. Baptist Church, of Petersburg, Va. Harry, Negro in Seminole Wars Hart, A.B. Hartford, Conn. Harth, Mingo Hartshorn Memorial College Harvard University Haussas Havana Havelock, A.E. Hawkins, John Hawkins, William Hayes, R.B. Haygood, Atticus G. Hayne, Robert Y. Haynes, George E. Haynes, Lemuel Hayti Heber, Reginald Helper, Hinton Rowan Hendericks, Garret Henry, Prince, of Portugal Henry, Patrick Hewell, John R. Hicks, John Higginson, Thomas Wentworth Hill, Arnold Hill, Stephen Hoar, Samuel Hodge, F.W. Hoffman, Frederick L. Hogg, Robert, and Mrs. Hogg Holbert, Luther Holland Holland, Edwin C. Holly, James Theodore Homer Hopkins, Samuel Horsemanden, Judge Horseshoe Bend Horton, George M. Hose, Sam Houston, Texas Howard, Daniel Edward Howard, O.O. Howard University Howells, William Dean Howze, Alma Howze, Maggie Hughes, Charles E. Hughson, John Hughson, Sarah Hugo, Victor Humphreys, Gad Hunter, David

Illinois _Impending Crisis, The_ Indenture. _See_ Servitude. Indiana Indians Indian Spring, treaty of _Informer_, The Houston Insurrections Intermarriage, Racial intermixture

Jackson, Andrew Jackson College Jackson, Edward Jackson, Francis Jackson, James Jackson, Peter Jacksonville, Fla. Jamaica James, David James, Duke of York Jamestown Japan Jasper, John Jay, John Jay, William Jeanes, Anna T. Jeanes Fund Jefferson, Thomas Jennings, Thomas L. Jessup, Thomas S. "Jim Crow," origin of Jocelyn, S.S. John, in Fugitive Slave case Johnson, Andrew Johnson, Elijah Johnson, Henry Johnson, H.R.W. Johnson, Jack Johnson, James Johnson, Joseph Johnston brothers, of Arkansas Johnston, E.L. Johnston, Sir Harry H. Jones, Abraham Jones, Eugene K. Jones, George Jones, Sam Jones, Sissieretta Julius, John

Kali, in Amistad case Kansas Kansas City, dynamiting of homes in Kansas-Nebraska Bill Kean, Edmund Kentucky Kerry, Margaret King, C.D.B. King, Mulatto King, Rufus Kizell, John Knights of Pythias Knights of the Golden Circle Knoxville College Knoxville riot Kpwessi tribe Kru tribe KuKlux Klan

Labor Lafar, John J. Laing, Major Lake City, S.C. Lane College Lane Seminary Langston, John Mercer Las Quasimas Laurens, Henry Laurens, John Law, John Lawless, Judge Le Clerc, Gen. Lee, Robert E. Lee County, Ga. Leicester, Earl of Leland Giants Lewis, William H. _Liberator, The_ Liberia Liberia College Liberian Exodus and Joint Stock Company Liberty Party Liele, George Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln Giants Lincoln University Livingstone College Livingstone, David Lockwood, L.C. London Company Louisiana Louis Napoleon Lovejoy, Elijah P. Lowell, James R. Lugard, Lady Lundy, Benjamin Lutherans Lynching

Macaulay, T.B. Macon, Ga. Madagascar Madison, James Mahan, Asa Maine Malays Maldonado, Alonzo del Castillo Mandingoes Manly, Alex. L. Mano tribe Mansfield, Lord Marcos, Fray Markham, Edwin Marriage _Marrow of Tradition, The_ Marshall, J.F.B. Marshall, J.R. Marshall, of Univ. of Minnesota Martin, Luther Maryland Mason, George Masons, Negro Massachusetts Mather, Cotton Matthews, W.C. May, Samuel J. Mazzini, G. McCorkle, William A. McIlheron, Jim McIntosh, burned McKay, Claude McKelway, A.J. Medicine, Negro in Memphis, Tenn. Mercer, Charles F. _Messenger, The_ Methodists, churches and schools. _See also_ African Methodist. Mexican War Metz Micanopy Mickasukie tribe Migration. _See also_ Exodus. Milan, Ga. Milliken's Bend Mills, Samuel J. Minstrelsy Miscegenation. _See_ Intermarriage, Racial intermixture. Mississippi Mississippi Company Missouri Missouri Compromise Mobile Mohammedans Monroe, James Monrovia Montes, Pedro Montgomery, Ala. Montgomery, James Monticello, Ga. Montserado, Cape Moore, Joanna P. Moorhead, Scipio Moors Morehouse College Morell, Junius C. Morgan, Thomas J. Morris Brown University Morris, Edward H. Morris, Gouverneur Morris, Robert, Jr. Mortality Mott, Lucretia Mulattoes Mumford, John P. "Mungo," in The Padlock Murphy, Edgar G.

Napoleon Bonaparte Narvaez, Pamfilo de Nashville, Tenn. Nassau National Association for the Advancement of Colored People National Urban League Navigation Ordinance Nea Mathla Neau, Elias _Negro_, the word Negro Union _Negro World, The_ Nell, William C. New Bedford, Mass. New England Anti-Slavery Society New Hampshire New Jersey New Orleans New Mexico New York (city) New York (state) _News and Courier_, of Charleston, S.C. Niagara Movement Niles, Hezekiah Niño, Pedro Alonso Norfolk, Va. North Carolina Northrup, Solomon _North Star_ Northwest Territory Nott, Josiah C. Nott, Dr., of Union College Nullification Nunn, Joseph

Oberlin College Odd Fellows Ogden, Peter Ogden, Robert C. Oglethorpe, James Ohio Oklahoma Omaha Orange Park Academy Osceola Otis, James Otis, Mayor, of Boston Ouithlecoochee, Battle of Ovando

Packard, Sophia B. Page, Thomas Nelson Page, Walter H. Palmer, B.M. Palmetto, Ga. Pan-African Congress Pappa tribe Parker, Theodore Parrott, Russell Pastorius, Francis Daniel Patterson, Joseph Paul, William Payne, Daniel A. Payne, James Spriggs Payne's Landing, treaty of Peabody Educational Fund Peabody, George Foster Pembroke, Earl of Pennington, James W.C. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Railroad Pensacola Peonage Perkins, Francis Perry, Bliss Person, Ell T. Petersburg, Va. Phagan, John Phelps, John W. Phelps-Stokes Fellowships Philadelphia Phillips, Wendell Phipps, Benjamin Phoenix societies Pierce, Leonard Pike, in Brooks County, Ga. Pittman, W. Sydney Pittsburgh, Penn. Plançiancois, Anselmas Pleasants, Robert Pollard, F. Poor, Samuel Poor white man, as related to Negro Population, Negro Populist Party Port Hudson Porter, Henry Portugal Potter, James Powell. See Osceola. Poyas, Peter Presbyterians Price, Arthur Prince Princeton Problem, Negro. See Table of Contents. Progressive Party Punishment. See also Lynching, Burning. Purcell, Jack Puritans

Quack, in New York Quakers Queen and Crescent Railroad trouble Quinn, William Paul

Randolph, John Reconstruction Reed, Paul Reese, Jack _Republic of Liberia, The_ Republican Party Reuter, E.B. Revels, Hiram R. _Review of Reviews_, quoted Revolutionary War Revolution, French Rhode Island Rhodes, Cecil Rice, Thomas D. Richmond, Va. Rigaud _Rising Tide of Color, The_ Rivers, P.R. Robert, Joseph T. Roberts, Joseph Jenkin Robeson, P.L. Rockefeller, John D. Romanticism Romme, John Roosevelt, Theodore Ross, John Royal African Company Roye, Edward James Ruffin, George L. Ruiz, José Rush, Christopher Russell, Alfred F. Russwurm, John B. Rust University Rutledge, John

St. Augustine, Fla. St. Louis, Mo. St. Mihiel St. Philip's Church, in New York St. Thomas's Episcopal Church, in Philadelphia Sale, George Salem, Peter Samba, insurrectionist Sandford (in Dred Scott Case) San Juan Hill Santiago Santo Domingo Sargent, Frank P. Savannah, Ga. Schurz, Carl Scott, Emmett J. Scott, Lation Scott, Walter Seaton, Richard Sebastian Sebor, Capt Secoffee Secret societies Segui, Bernard Selika, Mme Seminole Wars Servitude Seward, William H. Seyes, John Shadd, Abraham Sharp, Granville Shaw, Robert Gould Shaw Monument Shaw University Shepherd, Randall Sheridan, Philip Shubuta, Miss. Shufeldt, R.W. Sierra Leone Silver Bluff Church Simon Singleton, Benjamin Sino, in Liberia Slater Fund Slavery. _See_ Table of Contents. Slave Ships Smith, Adam Smith, Alfred Smith, Edward P. Smith, Gerrit Smith, Hampton Smith, Henry Smith, Hoke Smith, James McCune Smith, Stephen Smith, W.B. Social Progress Socialism Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts Soldier, Negro Somerset, James Soulouque, Faustin _Souls of Black Folk, The_ South Carolina South Carolina Medical College Southern Education Board Southern Educational Congress Southern Sociological Congress Southerne, Thomas _Southwestern Christian Advocate_ Spain Spaniards Spanish-American War Spanish Exploration Spelman Seminary Spence, R.T. Spencer, Peter Sport Springfield, Ill. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady Statesville, Ga. Stephens, Alexander Stevens, Julius C. Stevens, Thaddeus Steward, Austin Stewart, Charles Stewart, T. McC. Stiles, Ezra Stoddard, Lothrop Stone, Lucy Stockton, Robert F. Stone, Alfred H. Storey, Moorfield Stowe, Harriet Beecher Straight University Straker, D.A. Students' Army Training Corps Summersett, John Sumner, Charles Supreme Court Susi

Taft, W.H. Talladega, Ala. Talladega College Tallahassee, Fla. Taney, R.B. Tanner, Henry O. Tappan, Arthur Tappan, Lewis Tapsico, Jacob Taney, Chief Justice Taylor, John B. Taylor, Major Taylor, William Tecumseh Tennessee Terrell, Mary Church Terrell, J.M. Texas Thomas, Charles Thomas, W.H. Thompson, George Thompson, Wiley Thornton, William _Thoughts on African Colonisation_ Tillman, Benjamin R. Tithables, defined Tolbert, John R. Tolbert, R.R. Tolbert, Thomas Toombs, Robert Toussaint L'Ouverture Travis, Hark Travis, Joseph Tremont Temple Baptist Church Trotter, Monroe Truth, Sojourner Tubman, Harriet Tucker, St. George Tupper, Pres., of Shaw University Turnbull, Robert James Turner, H.M. Turner, Mary Turner, Nat, and his insurrection Tuskegee Institute Tustenuggee, 114

_Uncle Tom's Cabin_ Underground Railroad Universal Negro Improvement Association Universal Races Congress University Commission on Southern Race Questions Ury, John Utrecht, Peace of

Vaca, Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vail, Aaron Vai tribe Valdosta, Ga. Valladolid, Juan de Van Buren, Martin Vardaman, James K. Varick, James Vermont Vesey, Denmark, and his insurrection Vincenden, Gen. Virginia Virginia Union University Virginia, University of Virgin Islands Vogelsang, Peter _Voice of the Negro, The_ Vosges

Waco, Texas Walcott, Joe Walker, John Walker, Mme. C.J. Walker, David Walker, Walter F. Walker, Zach War of 1812 Ward, Samuel Ringgold Ware, Asa Warner, Daniel Bashiel Washington, Berry Washington, Booker T. Washington, Bushrod Washington, George Washington, Jesse Washington, Madison Washington, D.C. Watson, Brook Watt, James Watterson, Henry Weathersford Webster, Daniel Webster, Thomas Wendell, Abraham Wesley, John West Virginia Wheatley, Phillis Whipper, of Pennsylvania Whipper, William White, George H. White, Thomas J. White, William White, William J. Whitfield, James M. Whittekin, F.F. Whitney, Eli Whittier, John G. Wiener, Leo Wilberforce University Wilberforce, William Wilcox, Samuel T. Wild Cat Wiley University Will William and Mary College Williams and Walker Company Williams, Charles H. Williams, Daniel H. Williams, George W. Williams, Nelson Williams, Peter Williams, Richard Williamsburg, Va. Williamson, Edward Wilmington, N.C. Wilson, James Wilson, Woodrow Winn, J.B. Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society Woman Suffrage Woods, Granville T. Woodson, Carter G. Woolf, Leonard Woolman, John Wright, Robert Wycliffe, John C.

Yellow fever, in Philadelphia; in Hayti Yemassee Y.M.C.A. Young, Charles E.

Zuñi Indians