Chapter XXVIII: Page

RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 441

The Development of Individualism. The Harmonization
of the Individual and Society.

INDEX 447

ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATE FIG. OPPOSITE PAGE
1. 1. Elders explaining to young men of an Australian
tribe at the ‘initiatory ceremonies’ 8

2. A Hindu school in the open air, with the
village schoolmaster teaching boys to write on
a strip of palm leaf with an iron stylus 8

2. 3. The _palæstra_ in education at Athens 14
4. The _didascaleum_ in education at Athens 14

3. 5. Roman school materials 36

6. Scene at a ludus or Roman elementary school 36

4. 7. A monk in the _scriptorium_ 56

8. A monastic school 56

5. 9. The temple of wisdom; an allegorical
representation of the mediæval course of study 72

6. 10. The lecture in mediæval universities 80

11. The disputation in mediæval universities 80

7. 12 and 13. Preliminaries and termination of a
combat in the education of chivalry 86

14. Boys playing tournament with a ‘quintain’ or
dummy man 86

8. 15. Apprenticeship training in a gild 92

16. Gild school at Stratford, where Shakespeare
learned ‘little Latin and less Greek’ 92

9. 17. Great English Public Schools: Winchester and
Eton 120

10. 18. Education of the Jesuits: Jesuit College at
Regensburg and diagram of a Jesuit schoolroom 136

11. 19. School of the Christian Brothers at Rouen 146

20. A Protestant school in a German village of
the sixteenth century 146

12. 21. A page from the _Orbis Pictus_ of Comenius,
illustrating a lesson on a trade 170

13. 22. Town school at Dedham (Massachusetts) with
watch-tower, built in 1648 198

23. Boston Latin School, founded in 1635 198

24. The buildings of Harvard College, erected in
1675, 1699, and 1720 198

14. 25. The child as a miniature adult 228

26. A naturalistic school 228

15. 27. A monitorial schoolroom 242

28. Pupils reciting to monitors 242

29. Monitor inspecting slates 242

16. 30. A ‘kitchen school’ 268

31. A colonial ‘summer school’ 268

32. The first ‘academy’ founded by Benjamin
Franklin at Philadelphia in 1750 268

17. 33. ‘Father’ Pestalozzi at Stanz 282

34. The ‘table of units’ of Pestalozzi 282

18. 35. Court of Fellenberg’s Agricultural Institute 298

36. General view of Fellenberg’s schools and
workshops 298

19. 37. James G. Carter 312

38. Horace Mann 312

39. Henry Barnard 312

40. Francis W. Parker 312

20. 41. The first high school, established at Boston
in 1821 332

42. The University of Michigan in 1855 332

21. 43. ‘The Carpenter’ from Froebel’s _Mother Play_ 360

22. 44. Jean Jacques Rousseau 368

45. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi 368

46. Johann Friedrich Herbart 368

47. Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel 368

In text. 48. Diagram of German education 380

In text. 49. Diagram of French education 392

In text. 50. Diagram of English education 392

23. 51. Charles Darwin 404

52. Herbert Spence 404

53. Thomas H. Huxley 404

54. Charles W. Eliot 404

In text. 55. Diagram of vocational education of boys in 424
Germany

24. 56. Indian house constructed in Dewey’s
experimental school 436

57. Part of the Thorndike Writing Scale 436