Chapter XLV: Colymbinæ. Divers and Grebes, 351 (2)

Plate CCCLI. Female.

Upper parts greyish-brown, variegated with greyish-white in irregular undulated markings; the feathers on the upper part of the head with two transverse white spots on each web; the smaller wing-coverts of a darker brown, and less mottled than the back; the outer scapulars with more white on their outer webs; primaries blackish-brown toward the end, in the rest of their extent marked with a few broad light grey oblique bands, dotted and undulated with darker; tail similarly barred; ruff-feathers white toward the end, dark brown in the centre; disks on their inner sides grey, with black tips, in the rest of their extent greyish-white, with six bars of blackish-brown very regularly disposed in a concentric manner; lower parts greyish-brown, variegated with greyish and yellowish-white; feet barred with the same.

_Female_, 30-1/2, 48-1/2.

From Massachusetts on the east, and Columbia River on the west, northward. Migratory.

Great Grey or Cinereous Owl, Strix cinerea, Nutt. Man. v. i.
p. 128.

Cinereous Owl, Strix cinerea, Swain. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v.
ii. p. 77.

Great Cinereous Owl, Strix cinerea, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p.
364.

36. 2. Syrnium nebulosum, Linn. Barred Hooting-Owl. Barred Owl.

Plate XLVI. Male.

General colour of upper parts light reddish-brown; face and greater part of the head brownish-white; the feathers of the latter broadly marked with brown, of which a narrow band passes from the bill along the middle of the head; feathers of the back and most of the wing-coverts largely spotted with white; primary coverts, quills, and tail, barred with light brownish-red; wings and tail tipped with greyish-white; lower parts pale brownish-red, longitudinally streaked with brown, excepting the neck and upper part of the breast, which are transversely marked, the abdomen, which is yellowish-white, and the tarsal feathers, which are light reddish.

_Male_, 18, 40.

From Texas to Nova Scotia. Resident in the south and west. Very abundant.

Barred Owl, Strix nebulosa, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iv. p. 61.

Strix nebulosa, Bonap. Syn. p. 38.

Barred Owl, Strix nebulosa, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 133.

Barred Owl, Strix nebulosa, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 242: v.
v. p. 386.

GENUS V. OTUS, Cuv. EARED-OWL.

Bill short, stout, broader than high at the base, compressed toward the end; upper mandible with its dorsal line slightly curved from the base, toward the end decurved, the ridge broad at the base, narrowed anteriorly, the sides convex toward the tip, which is acute, and descends obliquely; lower mandible straight, with the dorsal line very short and slightly convex, the back and sides convex, the edges toward the end decurved, and with a slight sinus on each side, the tip obliquely truncate. Nostrils large, oblique, oblong. Conch of extreme size; extending from the level of the forehead over the eye to the chin in a semilunar form, with an anterior semicircular flap in its whole length, the aperture large, of a rhomboidal form. Feet of moderate length, and stout; tarsi short, feathered, as are the toes; the first shortest, the second and fourth nearly equal; claws long, curved in the fourth of a circle, extremely acute, the first and second rounded beneath. Plumage extremely soft and downy, facial disks complete, ruff distinct. Two small tufts of elongated feathers on the head. Wings long and broad; the second quill longest; the outer in its whole length, the second toward the end, and the first alular feather, with the filaments disunited and recurved at the ends. Tail rather short, a little rounded.

37. 1. Otus vulgaris, Fleming. Common Eared-Owl.--Long-eared Owl.

Tufts elongated; general colour of plumage buff, mottled and spotted with brown and greyish-white; dirty whitish anteriorly, with the tips black, posteriorly reddish-white; ruff mottled with red and black; upper part of head minutely mottled with whitish, brownish-black, and light red; the tufts light reddish toward the base, brownish-black in the centre toward the end, the inner edge white, dotted with dark brown; upper parts buff, variegated with brown and whitish-grey, minutely mottled or undulatingly barred; first row of coverts tipped with white; quills and scapulars pale grey barred with dark brown, the primaries buff toward the base externally. Tail with ten bars on the middle and eight on the outer feathers; lower parts with more buff and fewer spots than the upper, each feather with a long dark brown streak, and several irregular transverse bars; legs and toes pure buff.

_Male_, 14-1/2, 38. _Female_, 16, 40.

From Maryland eastward, and Kentucky westward to the Missouri. Rather rare. Resident.

Long-eared Owl, Strix Otus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. vi. p. 52.

Strix Otus, Bonap. Syn. p. 37.

Long-eared Owl, Strix Otus, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 130.

Long-eared Owl, Strix Otus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 573.

38. 2. Otus brachyotus, Linn. Short-tufted Eared-Owl.--Short-Eared Owl.

Tufts inconspicuous, general colour of plumage buff variegated with dark brown; eye surrounded by a ring of brownish-black, much broader behind; anterior half of disk white, with the tips black, posterior yellowish; anterior auricular ruff white, posterior yellowish, each feather with an oblong dark brown spot; upper parts buff, longitudinally streaked with dark brown; scapulars and wing-coverts spotted and banded in large patches, many with a large yellowish-white spot on the outer web near the end; quills buff, with two or three dark brown bands; tail similar, with five broad dark bands, the tip yellowish-white; on the middle feathers, the light-coloured spaces have a brown central patch; lower parts pale buff, whitish behind, the neck with oblong, the breast and sides with linear dark brown streaks; chin, feet, abdomen, and lower tail-coverts unspotted.

_Male_, 15, 40. _Female_, 17, 45.

From Texas eastward. Columbia River. Common. Migratory.

Short-eared Owl, Strix brachyotos, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iv. p.
64.

Strix brachyotos, Bonap. Syn. p. 37.

Short-eared Owl, Strix brachyotos, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 132.

Short-eared Owl, Strix brachyotos, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p.
273.

GENUS VI. BUBO, Cuvier. HORNED-OWL.

Bill short, stout, broader than high at the base, compressed toward the end; upper mandible with its dorsal line curved from the base, the edges with a slight festoon, the tip trigonal, very acute; lower mandible with the dorsal line convex, the tip obliquely truncate. Nostrils broadly elliptical, aperture of ear elliptical, less than half the height of the head, without operculum. Feet of ordinary length; tarsi and toes feathered. Plumage full and very soft; facial disks complete; a tuft of elongated feathers on each side of the crown of the head. Wings ample, the first quill short, the fourth longest. Tail of ordinary length, rounded.

39. 1. Bubo Virginianus, Gmel. Virginian Horned-Owl.--Great Horned-Owl.

Plate LXI. Male and Female.

Upper part of the head brownish-black, mottled with light brown, the tufts of the same colour, margined with brown; face brownish-red, with a circle of blackish-brown; upper parts undulatingly banded and minutely mottled with brownish-black and yellowish-red, behind tinged with grey; wings and tail light brownish-yellow, barred and mottled with blackish-brown and light brownish-red; chin white; upper part of throat light reddish, spotted with black, a band of white across the middle of fore neck; its lower part and the breast light yellowish-red, barred with deep brown, as are the lower parts generally; several longitudinal brownish-black patches on the lower fore neck; tarsal feathers light yellowish-red, obscurely barred.

_Male_, 23, 56. _Female_, 25, 60.

From Texas northward. Resident. Not rare in the south.

Great Horned-Owl, Strix Virginiana, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. vi. p.
52.

Strix Virginiana, Bonap. Syn. p. 37.

Great Horned-Owl or Cat Owl, Strix Virginiana, Nutt. Man. v.
i. p. 124.

Great Horned-Owl, Strix Virginiana, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p.
313; v. v. p. 393.

40. 2. Bubo Asio, Linn. Mottled Horned-Owl.

Plate XCVII. Adult and Young.

Adult with the upper parts pale brown, spotted and dotted with brownish-black; a pale grey line from the base of the upper mandible over each eye; quills light brownish-grey, barred with brownish-black, their coverts dark brown, secondary coverts with the tip white; throat yellowish-grey, lower parts light grey, patched and sprinkled with brownish-black; tail-feathers tinged with red. Young with the upper parts light brownish-red, each feather with a central blackish-brown line; tail and quills barred with dull brown; a line over the eye, and the tips of the secondary coverts reddish-white; breast and sides light yellowish-grey, spotted and lined with brownish-black and bright reddish-brown, the rest of the lower parts yellowish-grey, the tarsal feathers pale yellowish-red.

_Male_, 10, 22. _Female_, 10, 23.

From Texas eastward. Columbia River. Resident. Abundant.

Mottled Owl, Strix nævia, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 16.
Adult.

Red Owl, Strix Asio, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. v. p. 83. Young.

Mottled and Red Owl, Strix Asio, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 120.

Little Screech Owl, Strix Asio, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 486;
v. v. p. 392.

FAMILY VI CAPRIMULGINÆ. GOATSUCKERS.

Mouth opening to beneath the centre of the eyes; bill much depressed, generally feeble, the horny part being small; upper mandible with the tip somewhat decurved. Nostrils elliptical, prominent, marginate. Eyes extremely large. Aperture of ear elliptical, very large. Head of extreme breadth, depressed; body very slender. Feet very small; tarsus partially feathered, scaly; anterior toes webbed at the base; hind toe small, and versatile, all scutellate above; claw of third toe generally elongated, with the inner margin thin and pectinate. Plumage very soft and blended. Wings very long, the second and third quills longest. Tail long, of ten feathers. Œsophagus rather wide, without crop; stomach very large, roundish, its muscular coat very thin, and composed of a single series of strong fasciculi; epithelium very hard, with longitudinal rugæ; intestine short and wide; cœca large, oblong, narrow at the base; cloaca globular. Trachea of nearly uniform width, without inferior laryngeal muscles. Nest on the ground, or in hollow trees. Eggs generally two. Young covered with down. Very nearly allied in some respects to the Owls.

GENUS I. CAPRIMULGUS, Linn. GOATSUCKER.

Bill feeble, gape extending to beneath the posterior angle of the eye. Nostrils elliptical, prominent. Wings long, pointed, the second quill longest; tail long. Claw of middle toe pectinate. Along the base of the bill on each side, a series of feathers having very strong shafts, terminating in an elastic filamentous point, and with the barbs or lateral filaments extremely slender, distant, and not extended beyond the middle of the shaft. Plumage very soft and blended. Wings long and pointed, the second quill longest; tail long, rounded.

41. 1. Caprimulgus Carolinensis, Gmel. Carolina Goatsucker.--Chuck-will's-widow.

Plate LII. Male and Female.

Bristles with lateral filaments; tail slightly rounded. Head and back dark brown, minutely mottled with yellowish-red, and longitudinally streaked with black; three bands of the latter colour, from the lower mandible diverging along the head; a yellowish-white line over the eye; wings barred with yellowish-red and brownish-black, and minutely sprinkled with the latter colour, as are the wing-coverts, which, together with the scapulars, are largely spotted with black, and tinged with grey; tail similarly barred and dotted; terminal half of the inner webs of the three outer feathers white, their extremities light red; lower parts dull reddish-yellow, sprinkled with dusky; a band of whitish feathers barred with black on the fore neck. Female like the male, but without white on the tail.

_Male_, 12-3/4, 26. _Female_, 13-1/4, 30.

From Texas to North Carolina. Up the Mississippi to Natchez. Resident in the Floridas.

Chuck-will's-widow, Caprimulgus Carolinensis, Wils. Amer. Orn.
v. vi. p. 95.

Caprimulgus Carolinensis, Bonap. Syn. p. 61.

Chuck-will's-widow, Caprimulgus Carolinensis, v. i. p. 612.

Chuck-will's-widow, Caprimulgus Carolinensis, Aud. Orn. Biog.
v. i. p. 273; v. v. p. 401.

42. 2. Caprimulgus vociferus, Wils. Whip-poor-will Goatsucker.

Bristles without lateral filaments; tail much rounded. General colour of upper parts dark brownish-grey, streaked and minutely sprinkled with brownish-black; quills and coverts dark brown, spotted in bars with light brownish-red; four middle tail-feathers like those of the back, the three lateral white in their terminal half; throat and breast similar to the back, with a transverse band of white on the fore neck, the rest of the lower parts paler and mottled. Female like the male, but with the lateral tail-feathers reddish-white toward the tip only, and the band across the fore neck pale yellowish-brown.

_Male_, 9-1/2, 19. _Female._

From Texas to Lake Huron, and the base of the Rocky Mountains. A few remain in winter in Florida.

Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. v.
p. 71.

Caprimulgus vociferus, Bonap. Syn. p. 62.

Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i.
p. 422; v. v. p. 405.

Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus, Nutt. Man. v. i. p.
614.

GENUS II. CHORDEILES, Swainson. NIGHT-HAWK.

Mouth opening to beneath the centre of the eyes; bill extremely small; upper mandible with the tip decurved, and a deep lateral groove. Nostrils oblong, prominent, marginate. Eyes very large. Aperture of ear elliptical, very large. Head very large, depressed, but less so than in Caprimulgus. Claw of middle toe pectinate. No bristles at the base of the upper mandible. Wings very long, pointed, with the first quill longest, and the secondaries very short. Tail emarginate.

43. 1. Chordeiles Virginianus, Briss. Virginian Night-Hawk.--Bat. Crapaud volant.

Plate CXLVII. Male and Female.

Upper parts brownish-black, mottled with white and pale reddish-brown; a conspicuous white bar extending across the inner web of the first, and the whole breadth of the next four quills; tail-feathers barred with brownish-grey, the four outer on each side plain brownish-black towards the end, with a large white spot; sides of the head and fore neck mottled like the back; a broad white band, in the form of the letter V reversed on the throat and sides of the neck; the rest of the lower parts greyish-white, transversely undulated with dark brown. Female similar, with the dark parts more brown, the white more tinged with red, the band on the throat brownish-white, and the white spots on the tail-feathers wanting.

_Male_, 9-1/2, 23-1/2. _Female_, 9-3/4, 23-3/4.

From Texas northward. Columbia River. Throughout the interior. Migratory. Very abundant.

Night-Hawk, Caprimulgus Americanus, Wils. Amer. Ornith. Biog.
v. v. p. 65.

Caprimulgus Virginianus, Bonap. Syn. p. 62.

Caprimulgus (Chordeiles) Virginianus, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor.
Amer. v. i. p. 62.

Night-Hawk, Caprimulgus Americanus, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 619.

Night-Hawk, Caprimulgus Virginianus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p.
273; v. v. p. 406.

FAMILY V. CYPSELINÆ. SWIFTS.

Mouth opening to beneath the hind part of the eyes; bill extremely short, very broad at the base, compressed at the end; upper mandible decurved at the point, the edge inflected, with an indistinct sinus. Nostrils basal, approximate, oblong. Head large and depressed; neck short; body rather slender. Feet extremely short; tarsus rounded, destitute of scutella; toes extremely short, the three anterior nearly equal; hind toe very small, and versatile; claws strong, compressed, arched, very acute. Plumage compact; no bristles at the base of the upper mandible; wings extremely elongated, falciform, the first quill longest; tail of ten feathers. Œsophagus of moderate width, without crop; stomach oblong, moderately muscular, with a dense rugous epithelium; intestine short, and rather wide; no cœca. No inferior laryngeal muscles. Nest in crevices or holes, or attached to high places. Eggs elongated, white.

GENUS I. CHÆTURA, Stephens. SPINE-TAIL.

All the characters as above. Tarsus bare, longer than the middle toe, which scarcely exceeds the outer. Tail short, even, the shafts very strong, and prolonged into acuminate points.

44. 1. Chætura pelasgia, Linn. American Spine-tail.--Chimney Swallow. American Swift.

Brownish-black, lighter on the rump, with a slight greenish gloss on the head and back; throat greyish-white, lower parts greyish-brown, tinged with green; loral space black, and a greyish-white line over the eye. Female similar to the male.

_Male_, 4-1/4, 12.

Extends as far eastward as Nova Scotia. Abundant. Migratory.

Chimney Swallow, Hirundo pelasgia, Wils. Amer. Ornith. v. v.
p. 48.

Cypselus pelasgius, Bonap. Syn. p. 63.

Chimney Swift or Swallow, Cypselus pelasgius, Nutt. Man. v. i.
p. 609.

Chimney Swallow or American Swift, Cypselus pelasgius, Aud.
Ornith. Biog. v. ii. p. 329; v. v. p. 419.

FAMILY VI. HIRUNDINÆ. SWALLOWS.

Bill very short, much depressed and very broad at the base, compressed toward the tip; upper mandible with the dorsal line convex, the edges overlapping, with a small notch close to the slightly decurved tip. Head broad, depressed; neck very short, body moderate. Feet very short, tarsus very short, anteriorly scutellate; toes of moderate size; first large, all scutellate in their whole length; claws rather strong, compressed, well curved, acute. Plumage soft, blended, glossy. No bristles at the base of the bill. Wings extremely long, narrow, pointed, somewhat falciform; secondaries very short. Tail generally emarginate, of twelve feathers. Mouth extremely wide; œsophagus rather wide, without crop; stomach elliptical or roundish, muscular, with a dense rugous epithelium; cœca very small. Four pairs of inferior laryngeal muscles. Nest in holes in banks, buildings, or trees, or attached to the surface of these objects. Eggs from four to six, white, plain, or spotted.

GENUS I. HIRUNDO, Linn. SWALLOW.

Characters as above; tail emarginate or forked.

45. 1. Hirundo purpurea, Linn. Purple Martin.

Plate XXIII. Male and Female.

Bill rather stout; wings as long as the tail, which is deeply emarginate. Plumage silky, shining, purplish-black, with steel blue reflections; quills and tail-feathers brownish-black; tarsi and toes purplish-black. Female with the upper parts paler, and tinged with grey, the lower light grey, longitudinally streaked with black.

_Male_, 7-1/2, 16. _Female_, 7-4/12, 15-9/12.

From the Texas northward. Rocky Mountains, and all intermediate districts. Migratory.

Purple Martin, Hirundo purpurea, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 58.

Hirundo purpurea, Bonap. Syn. p. 64.

Purple Martin, Hirundo purpurea, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 598.

Purple Martin, Hirundo purpurea, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 115;
v. v. p. 408.

46. 2. Hirundo bicolor. Vieill. White-bellied Swallow.

Plate XCVIII. Male and Female.

Wings a little longer than the tail, which is deeply emarginate. Upper parts steel blue, with green reflections, lower white; feet flesh-coloured. Female similar to the male.

_Male_, 5-1/4, 10. _Female._

From Texas northward. Columbia River, and all intermediate districts. Winters in Florida and Louisiana.

Green-blue or White-bellied Swallow, Hirundo viridis, Wils.
Amer. Ornith. v. iii. p. 44.

Hirundo bicolor, Bonap. Syn. p. 65.

White-bellied Swallow, Hirundo bicolor, Nutt. Man. v. i. p.
605.

White-bellied Swallow, Hirundo bicolor, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i.
p. 491; v. v. p. 417.

47. 3. Hirundo fulva, Vieill. Cliff-Swallow,--Republican Swallow.

Bill shorter than in the last species; wings of the same length as the tail, which is slightly emarginate. Upper part of head, back, and smaller wing-coverts black with bluish-green reflections; forehead white, generally tinged with red; loral space and a band on the lower part of the forehead black; chin, throat, and sides of the neck deep brownish-red; a patch of black on the fore-neck; rump light yellowish-red; lower parts greyish-white, anteriorly tinged with red. Female similar to the male. Young dark greyish-brown above, reddish-white beneath.

_Male_, 5-1/2, 12. _Female_, 5-4/12, 12-3/4.

From Kentucky northward. Abundant from New York to Nova Scotia. Columbia River. Rocky Mountains. Migratory.

Fulvous or Cliff Swallow, Hirundo fulva, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v.
i. p. 63.

Hirundo fulva, Bonap. Syn. p. 64.

Fulvous or Cliff Swallow, Hirundo fulva, Nutt. Man. v. i. p.
603.

Republican or Cliff Swallow, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 353; v.
v. p. 415.

48. 4. Hirundo rustica, Linn. Chimney-Swallow.--Barn-Swallow.

Plate CLXXIII. Male and Female.

Tail very deeply forked, the lateral feathers much exceeding the wings. Forehead and throat bright chestnut; upper parts and a band on the fore-neck glossy deep steel-blue; quills and tail brownish-black glossed with green; the latter with a white spot on the inner web of each of the feathers, except the two middle. Female similar to the male. Young less deeply coloured, the forehead and throat pale red, the band on the fore-neck dusky tinged with red; lateral tail-feathers not exceeding the wings.

_Male_, 7, 13. _Female_, 6-5/12, 12-9/12.

Throughout North America, Europe, and Africa. Migratory.

Barn Swallow, Hirundo Americana, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. v. p. 34.

Hirundo Americana, American Barn Swallow, Swains. & Rich. F.
Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 329.

Hirundo rufa, Bon. Syn. p. 64.

Barn Swallow, Hirundo rufa, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 601.

Barn Swallow, Hirundo rustica, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 413;
v. v. p. 411.

49. 5. Hirundo thalassina, Swains. Violet-green Swallow.

Plate CCCLXXXV. Fig. 4. Male. Fig. 5. Female.

Bill narrower than in the preceding species; wings extremely long, extending far beyond the tail, which is emarginate. Upper part of head deep green, gradually shaded into the dark purple of the hind neck; back rich grass-green, rump and upper tail-coverts carmine purple; a line over the eye, cheeks, and all the lower parts pure white, excepting the wing-coverts, which are light grey. Female with the upper part of the head and hind neck light greyish-brown, glossed with green; the back as in the male, the rump greyish-brown; lower parts white, anteriorly tinged with grey.

_Male_, 4-10/12, wing 4-6/12.

California, Rocky Mountains, and Oregon Territory. Migratory.

Hirundo thalassinus, Swains. Syn. of Mex. Birds, Phil. Mag.
for 1827, p. 365.

Violet-green Swallow, Hirundo thalassina, Aud. Orn. Biog. v.
iv. p. 597.

50. 6. Hirundo riparia, Linn. Bank Swallow.

Plate CCCLXXXV. Fig. 1. Male. Fig. 2. Female. Fig. 3. Young.

Tail slightly forked, margin of first quill smooth, tarsus with a tuft of feathers behind; upper parts greyish-brown, lower whitish, with a dusky band across the fore part of the neck. Young with the feathers of the upper parts margined with reddish-white.

_Male_, 5, 11. _Female_, 4-7/8.

From Texas northward. Rocky Mountains. Columbia River. Migratory; but vast numbers winter in Florida.

Bank Swallow or Sand Martin, Hirundo riparia, Wils. Amer. Orn.
v. v. p. 46.

Hirundo riparia, Bonap. Syn. p. 65.

Hirundo riparia, Sand Martin, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v.
ii. p. 333.

Bank Swallow or Sand Martin, Hirundo riparia, Nutt. Man. v. i.
p. 607.

Bank Swallow or Sand Martin, Hirundo riparia, Aud. Orn. Biog.
v. iv. p. 584.

51. 7. Hirundo serripennis, Aud. Rough-winged Swallow.

Tail slightly emarginate, margin of first quill rough with the strong decurved tips of the filaments, tarsus bare; upper parts greyish-brown, lower pale greyish-brown, white behind. Very nearly allied to the last in form and colour, but readily distinguishable by drawing the finger along the edge of the wing, when the stiff projecting tips of the filaments are felt like the edge of a fine saw.

_Male_, 5-3/4, 12-1/2.

Louisiana and South Carolina. Migratory.

Rough-winged Swallow, Hirundo serripennis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v.
iv. p. 593.

FAMILY VII. MUSCICAPINÆ. FLYCATCHERS.

Bill depressed, triangular, compressed at the end, upper mandible notched, lower with the point slightly ascending. Head rather large, depressed; neck short; body rather slender. Feet generally short; tarsus short, slender, with very broad scutella; toes four, free; the hind toe not proportionally large; claws arched, compressed, acute. Plumage soft and blended. Wings long, with the first quill generally long, the outer three longest. Tail various. Tongue flattened, sagittate, bristly at the tip; œsophagus wide, without crop; stomach elliptical, moderately muscular, with the lateral muscles distinct, the epithelium thin, dense, longitudinally rugous; intestine short; cœca extremely small; cloaca globular. Trachea simple; inferior laryngeal muscles, forming on each side a large pad, but not divisible into several portions as in the singing birds. Nests regularly formed, cup-shaped. Eggs from four to six.

GENUS I. MILVULUS, Swains. SWALLOW-TAIL.

Bill moderate, rather stout, straight, broad at the base, gradually compressed toward the end; upper mandible with the dorsal outline a little convex, the edges sharp and nearly perpendicular, with a very small notch close to the small deflected tip; lower mandible with the ridge very broad at the base, the sides rounded, the tip minute and ascending. Nostrils basal, broadly elliptical. Head rather large, depressed; neck short; body rather slender. Feet rather short; tarsus short, slender, compressed, with very broad scutella, some of which almost meet behind; toes free, the hind toe not proportionally larger, all scutellate above; claws of moderate size, arched, compressed, acute. Plumage soft and blended. Wings long, second quill longest, first almost as long as third, the three outer abruptly notched near the attenuated tip. Tail extremely elongated and forked, the middle feathers being of ordinary length, the lateral longest.

52. 1. Milvulus Tyrannus, Linn. Prairie Swallow-tail.--Fork-tailed Flycatcher.

Plate CLXVIII. Male.

Tail more than twice the length of the body; upper part of head and cheeks deep black, the feathers of the crown bright yellow at the base; back ash-grey, rump bluish-black; wings and tail brownish-black, the lateral feathers of the latter with the outer web white for half its length; lower parts white.

_Male_, 14-1/4, 14.

In Louisiana, very rare. Accidental in New Jersey.

Fork-tailed Flycatcher, Muscicapa Savana, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v.
i. p. 1.

Muscicapa Savana, Bonap. Syn. p. 67.

Fork-tailed Flycatcher, Muscicapa Savana, Nutt. Man. v. i. p.
274.

Forked-tailed Flycatcher, Muscicapa Savana, Aud. Orn. Biog. v.
ii. p. 387.

53. 2. Milvulus forficatus, Gmel. Red-shouldered Swallow-tail.--Swallow-tailed Flycatcher.

Plate CCCLIX. Fig. 3. Male.

Tail longer than the body; upper part of the head, cheeks, and hind neck ash-grey; back brownish-grey, rump dusky; anterior wing-coverts scarlet, quills brownish-black, tail-feathers deep black, the three outer on each side rose-coloured to near the end; lower parts white before, rose-coloured behind.

_Male_, 11, wing 5-1/8.

Arkansas. Rare in Louisiana.

Swallow-tailed Flycatcher, Muscicapa forficata, Bonap. Amer.
Orn. v. i. p. 15.

Muscicapa forficata, Bonap. Syn. p. 275.

Swallow-tailed Flycatcher, Muscicapa forficata, Nutt. Man. v.
i. p. 275.

Swallow-tailed Flycatcher, Muscicapa forficata, Aud. Orn.
Biog. v. iv. p. 426.

GENUS II. MUSCICAPA, Linnæus. FLYCATCHER.

Bill moderate, or rather long, stout, straight, broad at the base, gradually compressed toward the end; upper mandible with the dorsal outline sloping, the edges sharp and overlapping, with a very small notch close to the small deflected tip; lower mandible with the ridge very broad at the base, the sides rounded, the tip minute and ascending. Nostrils basal, roundish. Head rather large, depressed; neck short; body rather slender. Feet short; tarsus very short, slender, with six very broad scutella, three of which almost meet behind; toes free, the hind toe large, all scutellate above; claws rather long, very slender, arched, finely pointed. Plumage soft and blended. Wings long, second and third quills longest; outer primaries generally attenuated at the end. Tail long, even, or emarginate.

* Bill large. Head with a vermilion patch, outer quills
attenuated. Tyrannus of authors.

54. 1. Muscicapa verticalis, Say. Arkansaw Flycatcher.

Plate CCCLIX. Fig. 1. Male. Fig. 2. Female.

The outer five primaries much attenuated toward the end, the first more so, the fifth least, the third longest, but the outer four nearly equal; tail almost even. Upper parts ash-grey, the back tinged with yellow; a patch of bright vermilion on the top of the head; wing-coverts and quills chocolate-brown; upper tail-coverts and tail black, the outer web of the lateral feathers yellowish-white; throat greyish-white, sides and fore part of neck ash-grey, the rest of the lower parts pure yellow. Female similar.

_Male_, 9, 15-1/2.

Columbia River, Rocky Mountains, and across to Texas. Accidental in Louisiana. Migratory.

Tyrannus verticalis, Say Long's Exped. v. ii. p. 60.

Arkansaw Flycatcher, Muscicapa verticalis, Bonap. Amer. Orn.
v. i. p. 18.

Muscicapa verticalis, Bonap. Syn. p. 67.

Arkansaw Flycatcher, Muscicapa verticalis, Nutt. Man. v. i. p.
273.

Arkansaw Flycatcher, Muscicapa verticalis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v.
iv. p. 422; v. v.

55. 2. Muscicapa dominicensis, Brisson. Pipiry Flycatcher.

Plate CLXXII. Male.

The outer six primaries attenuated at the end, the first more so, the sixth least; the third longest, but the second almost equal, the fourth and fifth very little shorter, the first much longer than the seventh; tail emarginate. Upper parts dull ash-grey, shaded with brown posteriorly; a concealed patch of bright vermilion on the top of the head; wing-coverts, quills and tail chocolate-brown, margined with brownish-white; lower parts anteriorly ash-grey, behind greyish-white tinged with yellow, lower wing-coverts pale sulphur yellow. Female similar.

_Male_, 8-7/8, 14-3/8.

Florida Keys; and southern parts of South Carolina. Abundant. Migratory.

Tyrannus griseus, Vieill., Ois. d'Amer. pl. 46.

Pipiry Flycatcher, Muscicapa dominicensis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v.
ii. p. 392.

56. 3. Muscicapa Tyrannus, Linn. Tyrant Flycatcher,--King Bird.

Plate LXXIX. Male and Female.

The outer two primaries attenuated at the end, the second longest, the first longer than the third; tail even. Upper parts dark bluish-grey, the head greyish-black, with a bright vermilion patch margined with yellow; quills, coverts, and tail-feathers brownish-black, the former margined with dull white; the latter largely tipped with white; lower parts greyish-white, the breast pale grey. Female duller, the upper parts tinged with brown, the lower more dusky.

_Male_, 8-1/2, 14-1/2.

North America generally. Migratory. A few winter in South Florida.

Lanius Tyrannus, Linn. Syst. Nat. v. i. p. 136.

Tyrant Flycatcher, Muscicapa Tyrannus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i.
p. 66.

Muscicapa Tyrannus, Bonap. Syn. p. 66.

King-bird or Tyrant Flycatcher, Muscicapa Tyrannus, Nutt. Man.
v. i. p. 265.

Tyrant Flycatcher, Muscicapa Tyrannus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i.
p. 403; v. v. p. 420.

** Bill large. Head plain, crested, quills not attenuated.

57. 4. Muscicapa crinita, Linn. Great Crested Flycatcher.

Plate CXXIX. Male.

Third quill longest, first and sixth equal; upper parts dull greenish-olive; quills and coverts dark brown, the primaries margined with light red, the secondaries with yellowish-white, of which there are two bars across the wing, formed by the tips of the secondary coverts and first row of small coverts; inner webs of the tail-feathers, except the two middle, light red; margins of inner webs of quills tinged with the same; fore-neck and sides of the head greyish-blue, the rest of the lower parts yellow. Female similar.

_Male_, 8-1/2, 13.

From Texas northward, generally distributed. Abundant. Migratory.

Great Crested Flycatcher, Muscicapa crinita, Wils. Amer. Orn.
v. ii. p. 75.

Muscicapa crinita, Bonap. Syn. p. 67.

Great Crested Flycatcher, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 271.

Great Crested Flycatcher, Muscicapa crinita, Aud. Orn. Biog.
v. ii. p. 176; v. v. p. 423.

58. 5. Muscicapa Cooperi, Nuttall. Cooper's Flycatcher.--Olive-sided Flycatcher.

Wing pointed, second quill longest, first longer than third, tail emarginate, the three first primaries very slightly attenuated at the ends; upper parts, cheeks, and sides of the neck, dusky brown, tinged with greyish-olive, the head darker; quills and tail blackish-brown, the secondaries margined with brownish-white; downy feathers on the sides of the rump white; lower parts greyish-white, the sides dusky grey. Young similar to adult.

_Male_, 7-1/2, 12-3/4.

From Texas northward along the Atlantic. Never seen far in the interior. Columbia River. Migratory.

Olive-sided Flycatcher or Pe-pe, Muscicapa Cooperi, Nutt. Man.
v. i. p. 282.

Tyrannus borealis, Northern Tyrant, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor.
Amer. v. ii. p. 141.

Olive-sided Flycatcher, Muscicapa Cooperi, Aud. Orn. Biog. v.
ii. p. 422; v. v. p. 422.

* Bill more slender. Tyrannula of authors.

59. 6. Muscicapa Saya, Bonap. Say's Flycatcher.

Plate CCCLIX. Fig. 4. Male. Fig. 5. Female.

Third quill longest, second and fourth scarcely shorter, first a little longer than sixth; tail very slightly emarginate; upper parts greyish-brown; upper tail-coverts and tail brownish-black; wings of a darker tint than the back, the feathers margined with brownish-white; a dusky spot before the eye; fore part and sides of neck light greyish-brown, shaded with pale brownish-red on the breast and abdomen; lower wing-coverts reddish-white.

_Male_, 7, wing 4-2/12.

Arkansas. Columbia River. Fur Countries. Never seen along the Atlantic. Abundant. Migratory.

Say's Flycatcher, Muscicapa Saya, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v. i. p.
20.

Muscicapa Saya, Bonap. Syn. p. 67.

Tyrannula Saya, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 142.

Say's Flycatcher, Muscicapa Saya, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 277.

Say's Flycatcher, Muscicapa Saya, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p.
428.

60. 7. Muscicapa nigricans, Swains. Rocky Mountain Flycatcher.

Plate CCCCXXXIV. Fig. 6. Male.

Third quill longest, second and fourth little shorter, first and sixth about equal; tail very slightly emarginate; head, hind neck, fore part of back, fore neck, a portion of the head, and sides, dark sooty-brown; the rest of the upper parts greyish-brown; secondary coverts tipped, and secondaries margined with greyish-white, of which colour is the great part of the outer web of the lateral tail-feathers; middle of breast, abdomen, and lower tail-coverts white; lower wing-coverts greyish-brown, edged with white.

_Male_, 7, wing 3-((7-1/2)/12).

Mexico and California. Rare. Migratory.

Tyrannula nigricans, Swains. Syn. of Mex. Birds, Phil. Mag. N.
S. v. i. p. 367.

Rocky Mountain Flycatcher, Muscicapa nigricans, Aud. Orn.
Biog. v. v. p. 302.

61. 8. Muscicapa Phœbe, Lath. Short-legged Pewit Flycatcher.

Plate CCCCXXXIV. Fig. 5. Male.

Second quill longest, third almost equal, first and fourth nearly equal; tail slightly emarginate; upper parts dark olivaceous brown; the head darker, wings and tail blackish-brown, secondary coverts tipped with brownish-white, and secondary quills margined with the same; outer edges of lateral tail-feathers pale brownish-grey; fore part of neck, breast, and sides light dusky grey tinged with olive, abdomen pale dull yellow, lower tail-coverts brownish-grey margined with yellowish-white.

_Male_, 6-9/12, wing 3-1/4.

Columbia River. Fur Countries. Labrador. Rare. Migratory.

Tyrannula Richardsonii, Swainson's Short-legged Pewit, Swains.
& Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 146.

Short-legged Pewee Flycatcher, Muscicapa Richardsonii, Aud.
Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 299.

62. 9. Muscicapa acadica, Gmel. Small Green-crested Flycatcher.

Plate CXLIV. Male and Female.

Bill broad and much depressed; second quill longest, third a little shorter, first shorter than fourth; tail scarcely emarginate, upper parts dull greenish-olive, the head darker; wings and tail dusky-brown; two bands of dull pale yellow on the wing, the secondary quills broadly edged and tipped with the same; a narrow ring of yellowish-white round the eye; throat greyish-white; sides of neck and fore part of breast greyish-olive, the rest of the lower parts yellowish-white.

_Male_, 5-1/2, 8-1/2.

From Texas northward. Migratory.

Small Green Crested Flycatcher, Muscicapa querula, Wils. Amer.
Orn. v. ii. p. 77.

Small Pewee, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 288.

Muscicapa acadica, Bonap. Syn. p. 68.

Small Green-Crested Flycatcher, Muscicapa acadica, Aud. Orn.
Biog. v. ii. p. 256; v. v. p. 427.

63. 10. Muscicapa fusca, Gmel. Pewee Flycatcher.

Plate CXX. Male and Female.

Wing much rounded, third quill longest, fourth scarcely shorter, but considerably longer than second, first intermediate between sixth and seventh; tail emarginate; upper parts dull olive, the head much darker; quills and tail dusky brown, secondaries and their coverts edged with pale brown; outer tail-feathers whitish on the outer edge, unless toward the tip; lower parts dull yellowish white, the breast tinged with grey.

_Male_, 7, 9-1/2.

Throughout the United States, and northward. Spends the winter in vast numbers in the southern parts.

Pewit Flycatcher, Muscicapa nunciola, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii.
p. 78.

Muscicapa fusca, Bonap. Syn. p. 68.

Pewit Flycatcher or Phœbe, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 278.

Pewee Flycatcher, Muscicapa fusca, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p.
122; v. v. p. 424.

64. 11. Muscicapa virens, Linn. Wood Pewee Flycatcher.

Plate CXV. Male.

Slightly crested; second quill longest, first shorter than third and longer than sixth; tail deeply emarginate; upper parts dusky olive, upper part of head much darker; a pale greyish ring round the eye; two bands of greyish-white on the wings, secondaries margined with the same; quills and tail-feathers blackish-brown; throat and breast ash-grey tinged with green, the rest of the lower parts pale greenish-yellow.

_Male_, 6-1/2, 11.

Throughout the United States. British Provinces. Labrador. Newfoundland. Rocky Mountains. Columbia River. Migratory.

Wood Pewee, Muscicapa rapax, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 81.

Wood Pewee, Muscicapa virens, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 285.

Muscicapa virens, Bonap. Syn. p. 68.

Wood Pewee, Muscicapa virens, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 93; v.
v. p. 425.

65. 12. Muscicapa Traillii, Aud. Traill's Flycatcher.

Plate XLV. Male.

Slightly crested; wing rounded, with the third quill longest, second and fourth almost equal, first a little longer than sixth; tail slightly rounded, and faintly emarginate; upper parts dusky olive, upper part of head much darker; a pale greyish ring round the eye; two bands of greyish-white on the wings, secondaries margined with the same; throat and breast ash-grey, the rest of the lower parts shaded into pale yellow.

_Male_, 5-3/4, 8-1/2.

Arkansas. Columbia River. Migratory.

Traill's Flycatcher, Muscicapa virens, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i.
p. 236; v. v. p. 426.

66. 13. Muscicapa pusilla, Swains. Least Pewee Flycatcher.

Plate CCCCXXXIV. Fig. 1. Adult.

Third quill longest, fourth scarcely shorter, second nearly one-twelfth shorter, and exceeding the first by three and a quarter twelfths; tail slightly emarginate; upper parts light greenish-brown; loral band whitish, a narrow pale ring surrounding the eye; wings olive-brown, with two bands of dull white, secondaries margined with the same; tail olive-brown, the lateral feathers lighter, the outer web pale brownish-grey; fore part of neck and a portion of the breast and sides ash-grey, the rest of the lower parts pale yellow.

_Male_, 5-2/12, wing 2-5/12.

Columbia River. Fur countries. Labrador. Newfoundland. Rare in the Atlantic States.

Tyrannula pusilla, Little Tyrant Flycatcher, Swains. & Rich.
F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 144.

Little Tyrant Flycatcher, Muscicapa pusilla, Aud. Orn. Biog.
v. v. p. 288.

67. 14. Muscicapa minuta, Wils. Small-headed Flycatcher.

Plate CCCCXXXIV. Fig. 2. Male.

Wings short, the second quill longest; tail of moderate length, even; general colour of upper parts light greenish-brown; wings and tail dark olive-brown, the outer feathers of the latter with a terminal white spot on the inner web; a narrow white ring surrounding the eye; two bands of dull white on the wing; sides of the head and neck greenish-yellow, the rest of the lower parts pale yellow, gradually fading into white behind.

_Male_, 5, 8-2/8.

Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Exceedingly rare. Migratory.

Small-headed Flycatcher, Muscicapa minuta, Wils. Amer. Orn. v.
vi. p. 62.

Sylvia minuta, Bonap. Syn. p. 86.

Small-headed Sylvan Flycatcher, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 296.

68. 15. Muscicapa Ruticilla, Linn. Redstart Flycatcher.--American Redstart.

Plate XL. Fig. 1. Male. Fig. 2. Female.

Second and third quills equal and longest, fourth longer than first; tail rounded. Male with the head, neck all round, fore part of breast, and back, glossy bluish-black; sides of the breast, lower wing-coverts, a patch on the wings formed by the margins of the primaries and the basal half of most of the secondaries, together with three-fourths of both webs of the outer four tail-feathers on each side, and the outer web of the next, bright orange-red; abdomen and lower tail-coverts white. Female with the upper parts yellowish-brown, the head grey, the quills greyish-brown, the tail darker, the parts yellow which in the male are bright orange; the rest of the lower parts white, tinged with yellow. Young similar to the female, more grey above, and with less yellow beneath.

_Male_, 5, 6-1/2. _Female._

Throughout the United States. Abundant. Migratory.

American Redstart, Muscicapa Ruticilla, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i.
p. 103.

Muscicapa Ruticilla, Bonap. Syn. p. 68.

American Redstart, Muscicapa Ruticilla, Aud. Amer. Orn. v. i.
p. 202; v. v. p. 428.

American Redstart, Muscicapa Ruticilla, Nutt. Man. v. i. p.
291.

GENUS V. PTILOGONYS, Swains. PTILOGONYS.

Bill short, rather strong, somewhat triangular, depressed at the base, a little compressed at the end; upper mandible with the dorsal line convex at the end, the nasal groove wide, the sides convex toward the end, with a distinct notch, the tip short, rather obtuse; lower mandible with the angle rather long and wide, the dorsal line ascending and convex, the sides convex toward the end, the tip small, with a slight notch behind. Nostrils linear, oblong, partially concealed by the feathers. Head ovato-oblong; neck rather short; body slender. Feet short, and rather slender; tarsus shorter than the middle toe with its claw, compressed, covered anteriorly with a long plate and three inferior scutella; toes free, the outer only adherent at the base; hind toe rather large, stouter, outer a little longer than inner; claws moderate, arched, much compressed, laterally grooved, acute. Plumage soft and blended; slight bristles at the base of the upper mandible, and the feathers in the angle of the lower jaw bristle-tipped and curved forward. Wings long, rounded; first quill very small, fourth longest. Tail very long, straight, emarginate, and rounded, of twelve feathers.

This genus seems to connect the Thrushes with the Flycatchers.

69. 1. Ptilogonys Townsendi, Aud. Townsend's Ptilogonys.

Plate CCCCXIX. Fig. 2. Female.

General colour dull brownish-grey; quills and coverts dusky brown; edge of wing dull white; basal part of primaries pale yellow, of secondaries ochre-yellow; edges of all the quills dull greyish-white; secondaries with a faint patch of light brownish-grey on the outer web toward the end; middle tail-feathers greyish-brown, the rest blackish-brown, the outer with an oblique white space, including, from the tip, a considerable portion of the inner web, and more than two-thirds of the outer; the next with a white patch at the end; lower parts paler than the upper; lower tail and wing-coverts broadly tipped with dull white, some of the inner wing-coverts white.

_Female_, 8-1/4, wing, 4-1/2.

Columbia River.

Townsend's Ptilogonys, Ptilogonys Townsendi, Aud. Orn. Biog.
v. v. p. 206.

GENUS IV. CULICIVORA, Swains. GNAT-CATCHER.

Bill of moderate length, depressed at the base, rapidly attenuated, becoming very slender toward the end; upper mandible with the ridge distinct, the tip extremely narrow and deflected, the edges overlapping, the notch distinct, but very small; lower mandible with the angle of moderate length, the ridge narrowed towards the end, the edges inclinate, the tip acute. Nostrils oblong, exposed. Head ovate; neck short; body slender. Feet of moderate length, tarsus longer than the middle toe, extremely slender, with the upper scutella indistinct; toes very small, extremely compressed; hind toe proportionally very large; outer adherent at the base. Claws well arched, extremely compressed, laterally grooved, acute. Plumage very soft and blended. Wings of moderate length, concave; the first quill about a third of the length of the second, fourth longest, third and fifth little shorter. Tail long, slender, much rounded.

70. 1. Culicivora cœrulea, Lath. Blue-grey Gnat-catcher.

Plate LXXXIV. Male and Female.

Upper parts bright blue, deeper on the head, paler on the tail-coverts; a narrow black band on the forehead, extending over the eyes; wings brownish-black, margined with blue, some of the secondaries with bluish-white; tail glossy black, the outer feather on each side nearly all white, the next with its terminal half, and the third with its tip of that colour; lower parts greyish-white. Female similar, but with the tints duller, and the black band on the head wanting.

_Male_, 4-1/2, 6-1/2.

From Texas northward. Abundant. Migratory.

Blue-grey Flycatcher, Muscicapa cœrulea, Wils. Amer. Orn.
v. ii. p. 164.

Sylvia cœrulea, Bonap. Syn. p. 85.

Blue-grey Sylvan Flycatcher, Muscicapa cœrulea, Nutt. Man.
v. i. p. 297.

Blue-grey Flycatcher, Muscicapa cœrulea, Aud. Orn. Biog. v.
i. p. 431.

FAMILY VIII. SYLVICOLINÆ. WOOD-WARBLERS.

Bill short, or of moderate length, rather slender, somewhat conical, considerably broader than high at the base, gradually compressed toward the end; upper mandible with its dorsal outline straight until near the end, the point very narrow, the notches very slight; lower mandible with the angle rather short and narrow, the dorsal line straight, the edges somewhat involute, the tip acute. Head moderate, ovate; neck short; body rather slender. Feet of moderate length; tarsus longer than the middle toe, slender, much compressed, with eight anterior scutella, of which the upper are blended; toes rather small, or of moderate size, hind toe proportionally stout, outer adherent for a short way at the base; claws moderate, much compressed, arched, acute. Plumage generally soft and blended. Wings of moderate length. Tail of moderate length, of twelve feathers. Tongue of moderate length, sagittate, tapering. Œsophagus of moderate width, without dilatation, proventriculus bulbiform; stomach of moderate size, roundish or elliptical, moderately muscular, with the muscles distinct; epithelium dense, longitudinally rugous; intestine short, rather wide; cœca very small; cloaca oblong. Trachea simple; with four pairs of inferior laryngeal muscles.

GENUS I. MYIODIOCTES, Aud. FLYCATCHING-WARBLER.

Bill of moderate length, stoutish, straight, considerably broader than high, compressed toward the end; upper mandible with the ridge distinct, the dorsal line convex toward the end, the edges sharp and overlapping, with a very faint notch close to the slightly deflected tip; lower mandible with the ridge indistinct, the sides rounded, the edges somewhat involute, the tip narrow, not ascending. Nostrils basal, oblong. Head ovate, of moderate size; neck short; body rather slender. Feet of moderate length; tarsus pretty stout, much compressed; scutella blended, excepting the lower three; toes of moderate length, very slender, the hind toe proportionally large, the third and fourth united at the base, all scutellate. Claws moderate, extremely compressed, well arched, very acute. Bristles at the base of the bill elongated but slender. Wings of moderate length, the second and third quills longest, the first scarcely shorter than the fourth. Tail moderate, slightly rounded. Name from [Greek: Myia], an insect, [Greek: Diôchtês], a pursuer.

71. 1. Myiodioctes mitratus, Lath. Hooded Flycatching-Warbler.--Hooded Flycatcher. Hooded Warbler.

Plate CX. Male and Female. Plate IX. Young.

Third quill longest, second longer than fourth, which slightly exceeds the first; tail slightly emarginate and rounded. Male with the forehead, sides of the head, breast, sides, abdomen, lower wing and tail coverts, rich pure yellow; hind head and neck all round black; upper parts yellowish-olive; wings and tail dusky brown, margined with yellowish-olive, an oblique patch of white on the inner webs of the three outer tail-coverts. Female with the forehead, the sides of the head, the throat, and all the lower parts yellow, the hind part of the head dusky, the upper part as in the male. Young similar to the female, but with the tints a little duller.

_Male_, 5-1/2, 8.

From Texas to Virginia. In the interior, as far as Memphis on the Mississippi. Rather common. Migratory.

Hooded Flycatcher, Muscicapa cucullata, Wils. Amer. Orn. v.
iii. p. 101.

Sylvia mitrata, Bonap. Syn. p. 79.

Hooded Warbler, Sylvia mitrata, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 66.
Adult Male and Female; v. v. p. 465.

Selby's Flycatcher, Muscicapa Selbyii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i.
p. 46. Young.

72. 2. Myiodioctes canadensis, Linn. Spotted Canadian Flycatching Warbler.--Canadian Flycatcher. Canada Warbler.

Plate CIII. Male and Female.

Third quill longest, scarcely exceeding the second, fourth slightly shorter, first intermediate between the fourth and fifth; tail rounded. Male with the upper parts ash-grey; the feathers of the wings and tail brown, edged with grey; the head spotted with black; loral space, a band beneath the eye, proceeding down the side of the neck, and a belt of triangular spots across the lower part of the fore neck, black; the lower parts, and a bar from the nostril over the eye, pure yellow; lower wing and tail-coverts white. Female similar to the male, but with the black spots on the neck smaller and fainter. Young similar to the female, with the tints paler, and the neck unspotted.

_Male_, 5-1/4, 9.

From Kentucky northward. Not found in the Atlantic districts. Migratory.

Motacilla canadensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. v. i. p. 27.

Canada Flycatcher, Muscicapa canadensis, Wils. Amer. Orn. v.
iii. p. 100.

Sylvia pardalina, Bonap. Syn. p. 79.

Canada Flycatcher, Muscicapa canadensis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v.
ii. p. 17.

73. 3. Myiodioctes Bonapartii, Aud. Bonaparte's Flycatching Warbler.

Plate V. Male.

Bristles longer than in the last, second quill longest; tail very long, nearly even; upper parts light greyish-blue; quills dusky brown, their outer webs greyish-blue, the two outer margined with white; middle tail-feathers and edges of the rest like the back; lower parts and a band on the forehead ochre-yellow, with a few faint dusky spots on the lower part of the fore neck. This species differs from the last chiefly in being of a more elongated form, in having the bristles much longer, the upper parts of a much lighter tint; in wanting the black band down the side of the neck, and the yellow band over the eye, the bill is straighter and more pointed, and the outer primaries are edged with white.

_Male_, 5-1/4.

Louisiana. Only one specimen ever found.

Bonaparte's Flycatcher, Muscicapa Bonapartii, Aud. Orn. Biog.
v. i. p. 27.

74. 4. Myiodioctes formosus, Wils. Kentucky Flycatching Warbler.--Kentucky Warbler.

Plate XXXVIII. Male and Female.

Third quill longest, second scarcely shorter, first longer than fourth, the outer three being nearly equal. Tail slightly emarginate and slightly rounded. Male with the upper part of the head and a band from the base of the upper mandible under the eye and down the side of the neck black; a streak from the nostril over the eye, and all the lower parts bright yellow; the upper parts yellowish-olive; wings brown, the feathers margined with yellowish-olive; tail light greenish-brown. Female similar, without the black band on the cheek and neck, and the black of the head less extended.

_Male_, 5-1/2, 8.

Valley of the Mississippi, and Kentucky. Migratory.

Kentucky Warbler, Sylvia formosa, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p.
85.

Sylvia formosa, Bonap. Syn. p. 34.

Kentucky Warbler, Sylvia formosa, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p.
196.

75. 5. Myiodioctes Wilsonii, Bonap. Wilson's Flycatching Warbler.

Plate CXXIV. Male and Female.

Wings short, the second and third quills longest and about equal, the first much shorter than the fourth and a little longer than the fifth; tail even. Back, rump, and upper tail-coverts yellowish-green; crown glossy bluish-black, bordered on the forehead and over the eyes with a broad band of bright yellow, of which colour are all the lower parts; wings and tail dusky brown, the feathers margined with yellowish-green. Female similar to the male, but with the black of the crown of much less extent. Young similar to the female, without black on the head.

_Male_, 4-1/2, 6-3/4.

From Texas northward, Columbia River, and intervening regions. Not in the Fur Countries. Rather rare. Migratory.

Green Black-capt Flycatcher, Muscicapa pusilla, Wils. Amer.
Orn. v. iii. p. 103.

Sylvia Wilsonii, Bonap. Syn. p. 86.

Green Black-capt Warbler, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 149.

Green Black-capped Flycatcher, Muscicapa Wilsonii, Aud. Orn.
Biog. v. ii. p. 148.

GENUS II. SYLVICOLA, Swainson. WOOD-WARBLER.

Bill short, straight, rather strong, tapering, scarcely broader than high at the base, compressed toward the end; upper mandible with its dorsal outline declinate and nearly straight, the tip slightly declinate, the edges overlapping, with a slight notch; lower mandible with the angle short and rounded, the dorsal line straight, the sides convex, the edges a little inclinate, the tip narrow. Nostrils basal, oval or oblong, partially concealed by the feathers. Head of ordinary size; neck short; body rather slender. Feet of ordinary length, rather slender; tarsus longer than the middle toe, much compressed, covered anteriorly with seven scutella, very sharp behind; toes of moderate length, slender, free, the outer united as far as the second joint, the hind toe proportionally large; claws moderate, well arched, much compressed, laterally grooved, very acute. Plumage soft and blended. Bristles at the base of the upper mandible feeble. Wings rather long, little curved, pointed; the second quill longest, the first and third slightly shorter. Tail rather long, emarginate.

76. 1. Sylvicola coronata, Lath. Yellow-crowned Wood-Warbler.--Yellow-crowned Warbler. Yellow-rump Warbler.

Second quill longest, third scarcely shorter, first longer than fourth; tail slightly emarginate. Male with the upper parts deep ash-grey, streaked with black; crown, rump, and a patch on the sides of the body, rich yellow: secondary coverts, and first row of small coverts tipped with white, which forms two bars on the wing; quills dark brown, margined with light greyish-brown; tail feathers brownish-black, margined with ash-grey, the outer three on each side with a white patch on the inner web near the end; a slender white line over the eye; feathers of the eyelids white; lore and cheek black; throat white; lower neck, fore part of breast and sides variegated with black, the tips of the feathers being white; the rest of the lower parts white. Female without the yellow spot on the crown, although the feathers there are tinged with that colour at the base; the upper parts tinged with light brown, the yellow spots on the sides and rump paler.

_Male_, 5-1/4, 8-1/2.

From Texas northward, and throughout the interior. Extremely common. Migratory.

Yellow-rump Warbler, Sylvia coronata, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii.
p. 138.

Sylvia coronata, Bonap. Syn. p. 78.

Yellow-crowned Warbler, or Myrtle Bird, Sylvia coronata, Nutt.
Man. v. i. p. 361.

Yellow-rump Warbler, Sylvia coronata, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii.
p. 303.

77. 2. Sylvicola Auduboni, Townsend. Audubon's Wood-Warbler,--Audubon's Warbler.

Plate CCCXCV. Fig. 1. Male. Fig. 2. Female.

Outer four quills nearly equal, second longest; tail slightly emarginate. Male with the upper parts bluish ash-grey, streaked with black; crown, rump, upper part of throat, and a patch on the sides of the body, rich yellow; first row of small coverts largely tipped, and secondary coverts broadly margined and tipped with white, which thus forms a conspicuous patch on the wing; quills and tail brownish-black, narrowly margined with greyish-white; a patch of white on the inner webs of all the tail-feathers, but on the central reduced to a mere edging; a small white spot on each of the eyelids; loral space and cheek black; lower part of neck anteriorly, fore part of breast, and sides, variegated with black and white or ash-grey, the latter colours margining the feathers; the rest of the lower parts white. Female without the yellow spot on the crown, although the feathers there are tinged with that colour at the base; upper parts light brownish-grey, streaked with dusky; lower parts whitish, tinged with brown, and streaked with dusky; throat and rump yellow, but of a lighter tint than in the male, and but slight indications of the yellow patch on the sides; there is much less white on the wings, and the white patches on the tail-feathers are of less extent.

In size, form, and proportion, this species and _Sylvicola coronata_ are almost precisely similar; and their colours are almost exactly alike, the only remarkable difference in this respect being, that the throat of the present species is yellow, while that of the former is white.

_Male_, 5-3/4, wing, 3-1/12.

Columbia River, northward. Common. Migratory.