Chapter V: Of Incendiary Fire-Works (7)

Sulphur, 78
native, _ib._
in the island of Java, _ib._
associated with gypsum, _ib._
volcanic, 79
how obtained from ores, 78
how purified for gunpowder, 80
mineralizes metals, _ib._
from pyrites, _ib._
vivum, what, _ib._
how recovered, from damaged gunpowder, 72
from galena, 79
various means of obtaining, 80
quantity obtained, from pyrites, 80
quantity of in metallic sulphurets, 79
roll, 80
flowers of, _ib._
properties of, 82
various compounds of, _ib._
a constituent part of gunpowder, 83
mealing of, _ib._
how to determine the purity of, _ib._
to discover the adulteration of, by oil of turpentine, 84
milk of, 83
use of, in preserving iron and steel, 239

Sulphuret of arsenic, 187
antimony, 188

Sulphurets, 82

Sulphuric acid, _ib._
native, in the island of Java, 78

Sulphurous acid, 82

Sun cases, 19

Suns, &c. exhibition of, by the Chinese, 256

Suns, fixed, 397
with transparent faces, 398
with variations, 396
compositions for the charges, _ibid_
with rose piece, 399

Swarmers, 343
composition for, _ibid_

Swedish melting house, feats performed at the, 36

Sword blades, how ornamented, 205

T.

Table, mealing, 234
fire, 271
works exhibited on, _ibid_

Table rocket, 272

Table-star, the illuminated, 273

Tape, detonating, 274

Tar, how obtained, 147
Barbadoes, 155
Morey's experiments with, 148

Tarred links, 500
how made, _ibid_

Tests, their use in discovering the presence of substances, 72

Thenard's formula for priming powder, 76

Thenard, respecting nitrous lixivium, 63

Theophilus, bishop, respecting the statues at Alexandria, (_note_.) 28

Thick stuff, of nitre boilers, 57

Thouvenal's opinion respecting nitre beds, 70

Thundering barrel, 504

Thunder bolts, in fire-works, 265
composition for, 266
various ways of imitating, (_note_.) _ibid_
accompanying the phantasmagoria, how imitated, (_note_.) _ib._

Thus, 148
used in odoriferous fire, _ibid_
copallinum, 164

Tin, sheet, 206
plate, _ibid_

Tinder, 570

Tools and utensils, 228

Tophania, the female poisoner, 48

Torpedo, Fulton's, 521
principle of, _ibid_
precautions against, 522
fulminating silver used in the small, 173
used against the Plantagenet, 522

Touch paper, 21, 292, 294, 370

Tourbillons, theory of, 16
cases for, 245
how charged, _ibid_
common, 358
mosaic, _ibid_
character of, 359
mosaic, composition of, 360
table, 361
appendages to, _ibid_
directions for firing, _ibid_
common, another mode of making, _ibid_
composition of, for different calibers, 362
for half inch caliber, _ibid_
of various sizes, _ibid_
general rule respecting, 363

Torches, odoriferous, 289
compositions for, _ibid_
used in war, 501
how made, 502

Tourteaux, 500
for what used, _ibid_
goudronné of the French, _ibid_
how made, _ibid_
composition for, according to Bigot, _ibid_
according to the Strasburg formula, 501

Tow and hemp, 222

Towering rocket, 340
theory of the, 16

Transparencies, 425

Tubes, cannon, how inflamed by sulphuric acid, 22

Tunestrick, his wonderful performance, 34
his miraculous liquor, 35

Turpentine, 146
for what purpose used in fire-works, _ibid_
spirit of, how inflamed by nitric acid, 51
decomposes the nitrates, 146
a component part of the ancient Greek fire, _ibid_
obtained from different species of the Pinus, _ibid_
common, from the Pinus Sylvestris, _ibid_
composed of resin and volatile oil, 147
Spirit of, how obtained, _ibid_
Essential oil of, _ibid_
Venice, from the Pinus laryx, 147
made artificially, _ibid_
from the Pinus Maritima, _ib._
spirits of, Morey's experiments with, 148

Turtle, the American, 515
invented by Bushnel, 516
intended to destroy shipping, _ibid_
outline of its construction, _ibid_
experiments with, 517
sergeant Lee's adventure with the, _ibid_

Turf, used in the place of spunk, 572
inflammability of, 152, 571
of morasses, some account of, _ibid_
Tacitus' account of, taking fire, _ibid_
Gmelin's observations on, _ibid_

V.

Vapour of water accelerates combustion, 432
preparation of, to form blue flame, _ibid_

Varnish, 164

Variegated stars, 18

Vase, the scented, 288
composition for the, _ibid_

Vegetable poisons, their use in poisoning of arrows, 568

Venice turpentine, 147

Versailles, fire-works at, in 1739, 257

Vinegar from wood, character of the, 93
quantity of the, _ib._
apparatus for obtaining the, 95

Violet match, 325

Vitriol, blue, its use in fire-works, 222

Volcano of Lemery, 323
how made, _ibid_
theory of, _ibid_
exhibition of a, in China, 256

Volute, grand, 417

W.

Wand, Mercury's, 401
fire, 400

War-rockets, 526
of the Asiatics, 262, 529

Water-squibs, 448
fire-fountain, _ibid_
balloons, odoriferous, 446
compositions for, _ibid_
mines, 444
fire-works, 442
rockets, 18, 443
of ammonia, 185
casks, the use of charring, 87
how preserved at sea, _ib._

Water, its presence in fire-works injurious, 8
weak, what, 64
strong, in nitre making, _ib._

Waterloo crackers, how made, 273

Watson, the Bishop of Llandaff, his mode of examining gunpowder, 141

Waved fire, 418

Wax, artificial, for candles, 51

Wheels, 19

Wheel cases, manner of loading, 237

Wheels, how made incombustible, 240

Wheel cases, standing and fixed, composition for, 388

Wheels, slow fire for, 389
dead fire for, _ibid_
single, vertical, &c. 391
plural, 393
illuminated spiral, _ibid_
balloon, 394
fruiloni, _ibid_
pin, 395
composition for, _ibid_
horizontal, how changed to vertical, with a sun in front, 399
cone, double illuminated, 416
vertical, on a horizontal table, _ib._
decoration of, 418
single, double, and triple table, 425
for water, horizontal, 444

White fire, composition for, 272, 580
flame lances, 315
composition of the, _ib._
iron of the French, what, 206
pitch, 147
Stars, 18

Whitening of cases, 370

Whirling serpents, 338

Wicks, lamp, of amianthus, 26
Kircher's, _ib._

Wild fire, 492

Will-with-the-Wisp, 85

Wings, 406

Women, Roman, their custom with fire, 37

Wood, charred, 90
carbonization of, how performed, _ib._
improved process for the, 91
kinds of, for making charcoal for gunpowder, 94
light, for gunpowder, _ib._
heavy, or hard, when used, _ib._
raspings of, used in fire-works, 163, 216
distillation of, 217
bronzing of, 242
ashes of, used in fire-works, 192
tubes of, used by the ancients in fire-works, 262
how preserved from the weather, 265
how made incombustible, 241
colouring of, how performed, _ibid_

Woolf, Arthur, his steam apparatus, 119

Wootz, 209

Worcester, the Marquis of, his destructive machines, 525

Works, detonating, 273

Workshop for artificers, 235

Wrought iron, 206

X.

Xenophon, his account of ancient jugglers, 23

Y.

Yew tree, illuminated, 402

Yellow fever, supposed cause of, 61

Z.

Zoroaster, the followers of, in Persia, 386
sacred fire of the, _ibid_

Zinc, 196

THE END.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATE.

FIG. 1.--A. is the entering rammer or driver. It is bored in such a
manner, that the whole of the broach, or piercer above the nipple,
n, may be admitted. The cavity of the bore is cylindrical, and
equal in diameter to that of the foot of the broach. This driver
serves to fix the rocket case, over the broach, in the mould G, and
to form the cup, o, fig. 10, for receiving the priming.

B. is the driver of the first charge. It is bored in such a manner,
as to admit the broach to within two-fifths of the interior
diameter of the case, from its base. Its bore is cylindrical, and
has the diameter of the broach, at the height of two-fifths the
interior diameter of the case.

C. is the driver of the second charge, and admits the broach
two-thirds of its length; the diameter of its bore being the same
as that of the broach, at one-third of its height.

D. is the driver of the third charge, and admits one-third of the
broach; the diameter of the bore being that of the broach, at
two-thirds of its height.

E. is the last driver, and is solid; the charge being above the
summit of the broach. See page 231.

FIG. 1. and FIG. 6.

FIG. 1. (cont.) and FIG. 6.--The broach or piercer I, fig. 1, (a
section of which is represented in fig. 6), is a truncated cone,
having a hemispherical summit. The cone is the part from a to b,
fig. 6. The diameter of the base of the cone at b, ought to be
two-fifths of the interior diameter of the case, and the diameter
at the summit, one-fifth, which is also the diameter of the small
hemisphere at the top. The height from b to a, ought to be seven
times the interior diameter of the case, or 17.5 times the diameter
of the base b. The part n, fig. 1, and from b to c, fig. 6, is
rounded. Its diameter ought to be that of the interior of the case,
and its height, seven-tenths of that diameter. This is called the
nipple, and is the part, which gives shape to the cup o, fig. 10.
The part m, fig. 1, and from c to d, fig. 6, is cylindrical, and
may be made of any height or diameter, provided the latter is not
less than that of the cone. It is generally one-twentieth more
than the exterior diameter. This part ought to penetrate into the
bottom of the charging mould, G, fig. 1, and fit closely, so as to
be firm. The part from d to e, fig. 6, is the blade or tongue of
the broach. It is rectangular, and enters into the block H, fig.
1, where it is firmly fixed. The size of this part is arbitrary, as
well as that of the block H, fig. 1.

FIG. 2.--The Rocket finished.

FIG. 3.--Conical Mandril or Former, for the head of the Rocket.

FIGS. 4 & 5.--Head of the Rocket and _Pot de fusée_.

FIGS. 7 & 8.--Mealing table and Mullar.

FIG. 9.--The Rocket case choaked, and prepared for charging.

FIG. 10.--Section of the Rocket, after charging.

FIG. 11.--The Rocket with its stick. For want of room, the stick is
represented in two pieces.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE

Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.

Exponents are denoted by ^ so for example 4^2 indicates 4 squared.

For consistency and clarity, a space (when absent) has been placed
between the number and the unit of weight lb. and lbs. giving
for example '21 lbs.' in place of '21lbs.'

Fractions, usually in the form '14 3-4' in the original text,
have been converted to the form '14-3/4' in this etext.

Fractions in all tables have been converted to Unicode ½ ¼ ¾ ⅓ etc.,
for clarity and to conserve space in larger tables. A few tables
have non-Unicode fractions which remain in the form 1-7/12.

Also, in a few larger tables with italic styling on some text, this
italic styling has been removed, for clarity and to conserve space.
In a few cases a word has been abbreviated to conserve table space:
cal. = caliber; diam. = diameter.

Some instances of _Tome_ in French citations have been changed
to Tome (no italic), for consistency.

Some accents and spelling in French citations have been corrected.

For consistency, instances of 'fireworks' and 'fire works' have
been changed to the predominant form 'fire-works'.

Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been
corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within
the text and consultation of external sources.

Except for those changes noted above and below, misspelling in the
text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.
For example: meal-powder, meal powder; quick-match, quick match,
quickmatch; siege, seige; musket, musquet; hazle; dodecaedron;
deposite; inclose.

Pg xiv. 'Meutrieres' replaced by 'Meurtrières'.
Pg xiv. 'Siemienowick' replaced by 'Siemienowicz'.
Pg xviii. 'accesssion' replaced by 'accession'.
Pg xxv. 'alchohol' replaced by 'alcohol'.
Pg xxxi. The references to 40° have been retained (should be 4°).
Pg xxxv. 'indispensible' replaced by 'indispensable'.
Pg xl. 'knowlege' replaced by 'knowledge'.
Pg xliv. 'Siemienowick' replaced by 'Siemienowicz'.
Pg 19. 'pluverized' replaced by 'pulverized'.
Pg 19. 'foretel' replaced by 'foretell'.
Pg 22. 'Belhelaive' replaced by 'Belhelvie'.
Pg 24. 'Heroditus' replaced by 'Herodotus'.
Pg 26 Footnote [8]. 'Pontoppidon' replaced by 'Pontoppidan'.
Pg 26 Footnote [8]. 'seive' replaced by 'sieve'.
Pg 31. 'Heroditus' replaced by 'Herodotus'.
Pg 34. 'Tunesteick' replaced by 'Tunestrick'.
Pg 44. 'skreen' replaced by 'screen'.
Pg 53. 'Bradenburgh' replaced by 'Brandenburgh'.
Pg 67. 'Rifault' replaced by 'Riffault'.
Pg 68. 'indispensible' replaced by 'indispensable'.
Pg 74. 'exhilirating' replaced by 'exhilarating'.
Pg 100. 'salpetre' replaced by 'saltpetre'. (twice)
Pg 100. 'decribed' replaced by 'described'.
Pg 107. 'occured' replaced by 'occurred'.
Pg 107 Footnote [17]. 'occurence' replaced by 'occurrence'.
Pg 134. 'combustbile' replaced by 'combustible'.
Pg 138. 'one-hundreth' replaced by 'one-hundredth'.
Pg 140. 'eprovette' replaced by 'eprouvette'.
Pg 140. 'pulverized quick-lime' replaced by 'pulverized quicklime'.
Pg 142. 'processess' replaced by 'processes'.
Pg 148. 'frankincese' replaced by 'frankincense'.
Pg 158. 'by some. It is' replaced by 'by some it is'.
Pg 159. 'guages' replaced by 'gauges'.
Pg 163. 'tranverse' replaced by 'transverse'.
Pg 172. 'which see.' replaced by 'which see below.'.
Pg 188. 'XXXVI' replaced by 'Sect. XXXVI'.
Pg 192. 'westtern' replaced by 'western'.
Pg 193. 'nesessary' replaced by 'necessary'.
Pg 197. 'absord' replaced by 'absorb'.
Pg 203. 'harpsicord' replaced by 'harpsichord'.
Pg 206. 'metalic' replaced by 'metallic'.
Pg 221. 'Siemenowitz' replaced by 'Siemienowicz'.
Pg 232. 'Britanica' replaced by 'Britannica'.
Pg 234. 'paste-board' replaced by 'pasteboard'.
Pg 235. 'whe r ' replaced by 'where'.
Pg 236. 'Peirre' replaced by 'Pierre'.
Pg 237. 'bass' replaced by 'brass'.
Pg 241. 'repecting' replaced by 'respecting'.
Pg 244. 'Britanica' replaced by 'Britannica'.
Pg 245. 'cases is' replaced by 'case is'.
Pg 251. 'abbe Raynal' replaced by 'Abbé Raynal'.
Pg 256. 'Eygpt' replaced by 'Egypt'.
Pg 257. 'groupes' replaced by 'groups'.
Pg 258. 'Tuilleries' replaced by 'Tuileries'.
Pg 259. 'Tuilleries' replaced by 'Tuileries'.
Pg 262. 'Brittish' replaced by 'British'.
Pg 271. 'pastebord' replaced by 'pasteboard'.
Pg 274. 'parts length' replaced by 'parts in length'.
Pg 276. 'breakes' replaced by 'breaks'.
Pg 277. 'Volcono' replaced by 'Volcano'.
Pg 278. 'sucession' replaced by 'succession'.
Pg 284. 'esssential' replaced by 'essential'.
Pg 287. 'ingedients' replaced by 'ingredients'.
Pg 287. 'will to exhale' replaced by 'will exhale'.
Pg 314. 'artficial' replaced by 'artificial'.
Pg 320. The italic styling on the letters in the figure has been
removed for clarity.
Pg 324. 'phosporus' replaced by 'phosphorus'.
Pg 325. 'pealed' replaced by 'peeled'.
Pg 328. In the table '286' replaced by '280' and '338' by '330'.
Pg 328. ': 160 :' replaced by ': 100 :'.
Pg 331. 'section iv' replaced by 'section iii'.
Pg 332. 'counter-ter weights' replaced by 'counter-weights'.
Pg 343. 'desscribed' replaced by 'described'.
Pg 345. 'unrol' replaced by 'unroll'.
Pg 345. 'couratines' replaced by 'courantines'.
Pg 351. 'fiit' replaced by 'fit'.
Pg 359. 'thicknes' replaced by 'thickness'.
Pg 362. 'case whirl' replaced by 'case whirls'.
Pg 382. 'pyrimids' replaced by 'pyramids'.
Pg 383. 'air' replaced by 'airs'.
Pg 384. 'Votaic' replaced by 'Voltaic'.
Pg 406. 'Sec. XIV.' replaced by 'Sec. XV.'.
Pg 413. 'Archimedian' replaced by 'Archimedean'. (twice)
Pg 414. 'star weeel' replaced by 'star wheel'.
Pg 418. 'Archimedian' replaced by 'Archimedean'.
Pg 431. 'Alchohol' replaced by 'Alcohol'.
Pg 440 Footnote [28]. 'meditate' replaced by 'mediate'.
Pg 440 Footnote [28]. 'Guillume' replaced by 'Guillaume'.
Pg 443. 'ladle-full' replaced by 'ladleful'.
Pg 453. 'sauccissons' replaced by 'saucissons'.
Pg 454. 'sauccissons' replaced by 'saucissons'.
Pg 454. 'squills' replaced by 'quills'.
Pg 455. 'mosique' replaced by 'mosaique'.
Pg 460. 'richochet' replaced by 'ricochet'.
Pg 475. 'parallelopepids' replaced by 'parallelepipeds'.
Pg 476. In the table, 'comsition' replaced by 'composition'.
Pg 488. 'Shrapnell' replaced by 'Shrapnel'. (twice)
Pg 491. 'Siemienowich' replaced by 'Siemienowicz'.
Pg 514. 'Dictionaire' replaced by 'Dictionnaire'.
Pg 517. 'passsing' replaced by 'passing'.
Pg 519. 'He how' replaced by 'He now'.
Pg 526. 'two-third' replaced by 'two-thirds'.
Pg 533. Duplicate phrase 'Elevation for extreme range' removed
from the table.
Pg 535. 'their being' replaced by 'there being'.
Pg 535. 'richochet' replaced by 'ricochet'.
Pg 542. 'the' removed from header 'Base of the conical head' in
the table.
Pg 560. 'Siemienowick' replaced by 'Siemienowicz'. (twice)
Pg 570 Footnote [43]. 'fennell' replaced by 'fennel'.
Pg 580. 'seive' replaced by 'sieve'.
Pg 581. 'pullies' replaced by 'pulleys'.
Pg 585. 'de Gouvernment' replaced by 'de Gouvernement'.
Index:
Pg 590. 'Bertholet' replaced by 'Berthollet'.
Pg 590. 'Cagliostra' replaced by 'Cagliostro'.
Pg 590. [Callinicus:] '673' replaced by '544, 548'.
Pg 593. 'Copal' entry moved to correct alphabetic order.
Pg 596. 'Grœcus, Marcus' replaced by 'Græcus, Marcus'.
Pg 598. Section for 'J' moved after section for 'I'.
Pg 598. [Inflammable:] 'Gingembrie' replaced by 'Gengembrie'.
Pg 598. 'Jassamine' replaced by 'Jessamine'.
Pg 599. 'Lampadacea' replaced by 'Lampadaria'.
Pg 599. 'Longschamp' replaced by 'Longchamp'.
Pg 602. [Pliny:] 'Porcena' replaced by 'Porsena'.
Pg 604. 'Rochus' replaced by 'Rochos'.
Pg 606. 'Seneka' replaced by 'Seneca'.
Pg 609. [Watson:] 'Landaff' replaced by 'Llandaff'.
Pg 609. 'Will-with-the-whisp' replaced by 'Will-with-the-Wisp'.