Chapter XI: Personal Characteristics (2)

This fact explains some apparent contradictions in his views and actions. What was the general public to think of a man who was watching the progress of the war with the greatest pessimism, whilst at the same time bringing all his influence to bear on the passing of a law which was to make possible the reconstruction of Germany's merchant fleet, knowing that such reconstruction could only be achieved if the Empire which was to set aside the funds were to remain intact. In this matter, as in others, it was the intuition of the born business-man which guided him, or perhaps a sort of instinct which made him discover new ways when the old ones had failed. These forces of his mind had nothing in common with logical reasoning, and they prevented him from drawing the practical inference from the sentiment so often expressed by us during the war: "If the Empire falls to pieces, we shall all be ruined; and if the Empire becomes bankrupt, we shall be insolvent too." Events have shown that this sentiment was not justified by facts. Empires and individuals may perish; but the nations, and their trade and commerce which are the outcome of their economic needs and of their geographical position, will outlast them.

Neither is it likely that the life-work of those men who have left their mark on their epoch will ever be in vain. There are two great achievements which, it appears, will always stand out like two pillars in the wreck of destruction that has fallen upon Germany, viz. Bismarck's work of political unification, and--a necessary preliminary of it--the powerful economic foundations laid with incessant toil by the great industrial leaders of whom Germany had so many during the era of her prosperity.

Albert Ballin was one of the most gifted among their number, and the world-wide fame of his achievements has outlived his death. When, after five years of isolation from the rest of the world, Germany appeared once more amongst the nations, she did so with the knowledge that the foundations of the proud structure which Ballin had built up were still unshaken, and this knowledge has proved one of her greatest assets when she entered upon the task of reconstruction.

If German shipping is to flourish again, and if German steamers are now ploughing the oceans once more, credit is due to Albert Ballin. His work it is from which new life is emanating, and it is to be hoped that his spirit will continue to animate German shipping both now and in the future.

INDEX

Aden, 85

Adler Line, 7

Aehrenthal, Count, 141

Agadir incident, 162

Agents, emigration, work of, 8

Alsace-Lorraine, problem of, 272

_America_, 12

_Amerika_, 25, 106, 129

Andersen, Mr., and the Danish Royal Family, 99

Anglo-American Alliance, Ballin's opinion of, 256

Anglo-German rapprochement, 134
shipping agreement, 18
understanding, 164, 165
advantage of, 136
Ballin as negotiator, 136
failure of, 133

Anglo-Russian agreement, 137

Antwerp, 81, 82

_Aquitania_, 113

Asquith, Mr. H. H., 262
on Lord Haldane's mission, 177
speech on Navy, 154

Atlantic Conference, 111

Atlantic Transport-Leyland Co., enlargement of, 45

_Auguste Victoria_, 25, 27, 72, 75, 193, 196

_Australia_, 12

Austria, need of compromise with Italy, 242

Austria-Hungary, strained relations between, 251

Austro-German _Zollverein_, 251

Baden-Powell, General, and the German menace, 138

Bagdad Railway, 189

Baker, B. N., American shipping magnate, 42
comes to Europe, 44

Baker, B. N., discusses terms of community of interest agreement, 42

Balkan States, and Germany, 251

Ballin, Albert, adopts Lord Pirrie's advice, 44
advises peace overtures, 245
after the war problems, 255
agreement with Harland and Wolff, 122
American appreciation of, 308
an English journalist on, 293
ancestry of, 2
and Admiral v. Tirpitz, 237
and Adolph Woermann, 107
and Anglo-German rapprochement, 134
and Carl Laeisz, 294
and Count Tisza, 252
and Count Waldersee, 194
and Government subsidies, 60
and Hamburg-Amerika Linie, 69
and Hugo Stinnes, 280
and Mr. Gerard, 246
and labour questions, 297
and politics, 131
and North German Lloyd, 116
and Princess Marie of Denmark, 99
and Reichstag, 279
and submarine warfare, 252, 254
and the Russo-Japanese War, 104
and Union Line, 19
and working classes, 297
and world war, 132
anxiety as to Roumania, 244
article in _Frankfurter Zeitung_ on blockade, 234
as Anglo-German negotiator, 136
as arbitrator, 79
as general representative of Carr Line, 12
as head of Packetfahrt passenger department, 18, 21
at Constitutional Club, 140
at Neues Palais, 204
at the German front, 266
attempts at mediation during war, 233
boldness of, 289
business principle of, 132
capacity for work of, 300
chairman of Pool Conference, 36
complains of German official high-handedness, 232
conducts London emigration discussions, 1898, 38
death of, 286
defends himself, 235
dines with Danish Royal Family, 100
disagrees with use of submarines, 229
discusses Morgan Trust with William II, 53
early biographical details of, 6
education of, 3, 4
establishes German-Japanese Bank, 204
estimates British naval staying-power, 253
Far East investigations, 84
favours peace by compromise, 236
forcing the British Lines, 36
friendliness of William II toward, 206
further reports on Morgan Trust negotiations, 49-50
grave warning in 1918, 279
Hamfelde, his country home, 310
handling of labour troubles, 298-9
his father's death, 5
his life-work, 115
his 1901 trip epitomized, 95
his observation of details, 123
his view on evading war, July 27, 1914, 216
ideal in forming Pool, 66
impressions of Paris after Morocco affair, 181
in London discussing Austrian ultimatum, 215
in Vienna, 1916, 249

Ballin, Albert, intense patriotism of, 291
international services of, vii
interview with Bethmann-Hollweg, 152
interview with Grey, Haldane, and Churchill, 215
last diary entry, 286
last meeting with William II, 209, 280
letter from William II, 175
letter to Kiderlen-Wächter, 163
letters to General v. Falkenhayn, 244
made Packetfahrt Director, 27
meets Sir Ernest Cassel, 138
mental versatility of, 2
mission to Vienna, 1915, 242
negotiations with Booth Line on Brazilian trade, 83
notes of conversations with William II, 203
official thanks to, 141
on Agadir incident, 163
on _Blücher_, 60
on death of Edward VII, 160
on engineering problems, 121
on foreign exchange, 274
on _Hohenzollern_, 202
on London in election time, 158
on naval armaments, 147
on neutrals, 245
on peace problems, 239
on sale of confiscated fleet, 230
on Sandjak Railway, 142
on security of William II, 241
on Serbian situation, 214
on war's failures, 258 _et seq._
opinion of German Chancellor, 259
opinion of war's duration, 237
personal characteristics of, 287
pioneer in steerage business, 11
policy of, 79
political views, 291
premier position at twenty-nine, 19
present from Marquis Ito, 311
prodigious memory of, 4
report on British attitude to Germany, 161
report on development of German shipping, 47
reticence of, 3
reviews war position in 1916, 258
ridicules submarine warfare, 268-9
stimulating influences of his life, 2
strain of war on health, 313
sturdy honesty of, 309
suggested as negotiator of peace, 286
suggests Pool, 24
talks with Prince Bülow, 271
talks with William II on submarine war, 248
threatens British traffic, 22
trip round the world, 83
value of wonderful memory, 35
views on character of William II, 285
visits London in 1914, 184
war problems of foreign policy, 241
William II discusses politics with, 203
William II writes to, on Navy Bill, 183
William II's personal interest in, 198
wire from Leopold de Rothschild, 163
with Prince Henry of Prussia on the _Hohenzollern_, 57
with William II at Front, 266
with William II in Italy, 204
with William II on _Kaiser Wilhelm II_, 55
work in _Reichseinkauf_, 224
writes frank letter on war to William II, 1916, 252 _et seq._
writes on Morgan Trust, 46
writes to William II, April, 1917, 264

Bauer, Lieut.-Col., 280

Beck, Edward, 27

Berg, Herr von, 282

_Berliner Tageblatt_ on Anglo-Russian naval agreement, 213

Bernstorff, Count, 264

Bethmann-Hollweg, von, 151, 152, 156, 262, 270, 277
attacked respecting Agadir, 162
on British delegation, 166-7
telegram to Mexico, 271

_Bismarck_, launch of, 202

Bismarck, Prince, 114

Blockade, German, futility of, 267

Blohm and Voss, 113

_Blücher_, Ballin on trial trip, 60

Boer War, European move to stop, 143
lesson of, 139

Bohlen, Krupp v., 282

Bolten, August, 10

British argument against German naval expansion, 133
Cabinet and German naval expansion, 182
confiscation of German merchant fleet, 229
convoys, how they outwitted the Germans, 267
emigration, comparison with German, 15
excitement over Morgan Trust, 60
feeling in Russo-Japanese war, at German attitude, 104
Ludendorff's promise to crush, 266
Navy, Ballin on, 239
opinion on shipping deals, 67
rivalry with Germany, 133
shipbuilding, developments in, and Hamburg-Amerika Linie, 128, 208
shipbuilding, German move against, 17
shipping companies, Pierpont Morgan and, 55
shipping lines, and emigration, 7-14;
agreement with, 23;
join the Continental Pool, 23;
offered to German companies, 67
supremacy, Ballin on, 241

Bülow, Prince, 141, 247, 270

Canadian Pacific Railway, 62, 111

Cargo and steerage shipping, 13

Carr, Edward, 12

Carr Line, the, 12 _et seq._
and Packetfahrt, 12

Cassel, Sir Ernest, 134
and Winston Churchill, 165
meets Ballin, 138
on Anglo-German understanding, 165
on naval problem, 179
on Sandjak Railway, 142
report of interview with, on Navy, 171
work for reduction of naval armaments, 134 _et seq._

Cholera, epidemic at Hamburg, 36, 72

Christiansand, port of, 21

Churchill, Mr. Winston, 166
at Kiel, 1914, 192
complains of Germany, 180
Sir Ernest Cassel on, 165
speech on Navy, 175
suggests a naval holiday, 186

Colombo, 86

_Columbia_, 77, 201

Community of interest agreement (_see_ "Pool" and "Morgan Trust")

Congo, Franco-German agreement, 162

Coolies, Chinese, 89

Cunard Line, and Austrian Government, 65
and Hungarian Government, 63
effect on Pool, 65
introduces turbines, 111
new liners, 113
opposition to cabin Pool, 61
refuses to join Pool, 37

Cuxhaven, development of, 69
regatta at, 205

_Daily Telegraph_, sent to William II, 270
the William II interview, 144

Dardanelles, the, operations in, 245
de Freitas and Co., A. C., 79
de Freitas Line, purchase of, 80

Denmark, emigration from, 13
Royal Family of, their interest in shipping, 99

_Deutschland_, 25, 78, 130

Diesel engine, application to steamship, 102

Dreadnoughts, 200

Eastern Asiatic Co., 98

Edward VII, 134
and Morgan Trust, 61

Edward VII, chances of Anglo-German war, during reign of, 139
death of, 158
policy of, 135
the Kiel week, 206
visit to Wilhelmshöhe, 136
visits Berlin, 145
visits Kaiser at Friedrichshof, 142

Elbe, enlargement of harbour facilities on the, 69, 70, 79

Ellerman, Mr., of Leyland Line, 45

Emden, rise of, 83

Emigrants, early accommodation of, 7, 8, 14

Emigration, anti-British action, 17
Ballin's work for, 9
beginnings of pooling, 12
British and German, 15
British rates, 22
business, how controlled, 8
comparisons of Carr Line and Packetfahrt, 15
cost of, 12
Danish, 13
Hungarian, 63
in the 'seventies, 8
medical control established, 74
on pre-paid basis, 9 _et seq._
rate war begins, 14
statistics of, 103
stopped by Hamburg cholera epidemic, 36

Emigration Law, German, 23

Erzberger, Herr, 244

Esher, Lord, and the Admiralty, 138

Europe, concerted inquiry to Germany, 140
situation in September, 1916, 262

Falkenhayn, General v., Ballin and, 244

Finland, 278

Forced draught, first vessels under, 26

Foreign exchange, Ballin on, 273

Francis Joseph, Emperor, 250
and Count Tisza, 250

Frederick the Great on experience, viii

Frisch, Geheimrat, 223

Furness, Sir Christopher, and Morgan Trust, 61

_Fürst Bismarck_, 193

Fürstenkonzern, 110

George V, King, Ballin's letter respecting, 160

George, Mr. Lloyd, speech on Agadir incident, 162
visits Germany, 143

Gerard, Mr., and Ballin, 246

German-British shipping agreement, 18

German emigration fleet, in 1882, 10

German Government, note to British Government, 170

German Naval Bill, 137

German Navy, the 1908 affair, 138

Germany, and Belgian Relief Committee, 231
and the Merchant Service Bill, 228
bad feeling among neutrals to, 245
Ballin cries "everything is being gambled away," 257
Ballin discusses after-the-war problems, 255
big naval programme, 143
British agitation against, 137
confiscation of merchant fleet, 229
control of trade and industries, 274
failure of political leaders, 264
favourable shipping situation of, 80
feeling towards British, 143
food problem, September, 1918, 284
habit of premature actions, 273
ignorance of British character, 260
internal condition in August, 1914, 223 _et seq._
lack of effective administration during war, 233
mental attitude of, 134
plans to approach President Wilson, 283

Germany, state in 1916 "like living in a madhouse," 257
useless sacrifices of, 229
war condition of, 257
war-hopes in ruins, 269

Germany's industrial growth, 7

_Gigantic_, 113

Goschen, Sir Ernest, 153

Gothenburg, port of, 21

Grey, Sir Edward, 262
on Lord Haldane's mission, 177
on naval armaments, 157
on the Navy, 138

Great War (_see_ World War)

Grumme, Capt. v., joins Hamburg-Amerika Linie, 199
with William II at Morgan Trust discussion, 53.

Hague Conference, 137

Hahn, Dr. Diederich, Chairman Agrarian League, 59

Haldane, Lord, 171
and British neutrality, 190
Cabinet's attitude toward, 184
explains to Ballin, 191
German opinion respecting, 187
success of his mission, 177
visits Berlin, 134, 167
William II's discussions with, 174 _et seq._

Hamburg, absorption into Prussia, 296
birthplace of Ballin, 1
cholera epidemic in, 36, 72
dock strike, 299
in the nineteenth century, 1-6

Hamburg-Amerika Linie, and Great Britain, 207
and Persia, 107
and Russo-Japanese war, 105
buys foodstuffs for isolated Germany, 223
far-reaching alterations, 98
fate of ships when war broke out, 220
financial stability of, 116
fleet of, 116
instructions to ships on eve of war, 220
new premises, 202
sixtieth anniversary, 117
William II and, 195

Hamburg-Amerika Linie (_see also_ Packetfahrt)

Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft, 7

Hamburg Regattas, William II at, 201

Hamburg-South American S.S. Co., 79

Hammann, Geheimrat, 138, 141

_Hammonia_, 24

Hansa Line, 69
taken over by Hamburg-Amerika Linie, 70

Hansemann, v., director Disconto-Gesellschaft, 55

Hansen, President, Chief of Arbitration Court Pool, 35

Harbou, Major v., 282

Harland and Wolff, 112, 121

Henckell-Donnersmarck, Prince, Kaiser's interest in, 47

Hintze, Herr v., 283

_Hohenzollern_, 194

Holland-America Line, 7

Holland, Queen of, offers mediation, 283

Holtzendorff, Admiral v., 246

Hongkong, 88

Huldermann, Bernhard, and Count Witte on averting war, 217
and Navy Bill, 170

Immco Lines, Pool name for Morgan Trust, 65

Immigrants, Scandinavian trade, 36

_Imperator_, 31, 113, 125, 126

International Mercantile Marine Company (_see_ Morgan Trust)

Inverclyde, Lord, and Morgan Trust, 64

Italia Company, the, started, 79

Italy, agreement with, necessary to success of war, 241
Germany's failure in, 242

Jagow, Herr v., 213, 214

Jewish ancestry of Ballin, 2

Jones, Sir A., and the Morgan Trust, 6

Jonquières, Herr v., 231

_Kaiser Wilhelm der Grösse_, 77

_Kaiser Wilhelm II_, 205

_Kaiserin_, 113

_Kaiserin Auguste Victoria_, 25, 106, 129

Kaiserin, the, and the war, 211
opposition to private life, 285

Kiautschou, 97

Kiel Canal, widening the, 200
Edward VII at, 206
Week, origin of, 201

Kirchheim, Chief Inspector Emil F., viii

Köhlhrand, agreement the, 295

Kühlmann, Herr v., 189

Kunhardt, M., 27

Kuskop, Karl, 303

Laeisz, Carl, 293

Laeisz, F., 293

Laird's, orders to, 26

Law, German Emigration, of 1887, 23

Leuthold, Prof., 199

Leyland Line, acquired by Pierpont Morgan, 48

Liberal Cabinet, and naval armaments, 149

Liberal Government, and Anglo-German understanding, 136

Lichnowsky, Prince, 188
view on Haldane's "neutrality" conversation, 191

Liners, developments in, 125 _et seq._

Lohmann, Mr., 10
Director-General of Lloyd Line, 32

Ludendorff, and the Crown Prince, 280
and "to her knees" promise, 266

_Lusitania_, 62, 113

Marie, Princess, of Denmark, 99

Marine engineering, Ballin's enterprise in, 122
development of, 119
Packetfahrt types, 125
progress in, 127

Marschall, Bieberstein v., 188

_Mauretania_, 62, 113

Mediterranean Conference, 111

_Meteor_, 197

Metternich, Count, at St. James's, 212
on Anglo-German understanding, 187
predicts Great War, 188
sees Sir Edward Grey, 178

Morgan, Pierpont, guest of William II at Kiel, 61

Morgan, Trust, the, 40 _et seq._
agreement reached, 52
announced to British Press, 59
effect of freight slump, 61
final discussions in New York, 55 _et seq._
financial aspect, 45
inception of, 45
International Mercantile Marine Co., formal name of, 65
King Edward VII and, 61
outline of draft agreement, 51
Pierpont Morgan at London Conference, 49
Pierpont Morgan's operations attract public attention, 46
telegram from William II, 56
terms of agreement, 58
William II discusses, 53

Morris and Co., 1 _et seq._

Mutius, Herr v., 247

Nanking, 92

Naumann, Dr., and "Berlin to Bagdad," 276

_Nautikus_, naval propaganda in, 200

Naval armaments, a cause of unrest, 133
Ballin's report on, 146 _et seq._
big navy propaganda, 133
Reichstag and reduction of, 145

Naval Bill of 1912, 155
Ballin writes to Sir Ernest Cassel on, 168
British alarm at, 166

Naval holiday, Mr. Churchill suggests a, 186

Navy, a bigger British, 171

Navy League, German, 137

_New York_, 49

New York, emigration to, in the 'eighties, 7 _et seq._
steerage passengers to, statistics, 29

_Normannia_, 77

North Atlantic Steamship Lines Association, history of, 32

_North German Gazette_, 157

North German Lloyd, 7, 98, 106, 111
competes with Packetfahrt, 10
jubilee of, 117

Oertzen, Herr v., 91

_Olympic_, 113

Packetfahrt, the, a founder of, 10
agreement with Philadelphia Shipping Co. and Pennsylvania Railroad Co., 77
and Ballin, 289
and Carr Line, 12
and emigrants, 10
and Harland and Wolff, 121
and Russian coal, 104
and the Russo-Japanese War, 103
Ballin made director of, 27
celebration of jubilee, 74
1886 Pool, 21
extension of South American business, 80
improved appointments and accommodation on vessels, 26
increase of capital, 26
letter from chairman of Cunard Company, 75
more new vessels built, 25, 74
New York branch established, 27
passenger department created, 19
service to Mexico, 83
statistics (1886), 19
(_see also_ Hamburg-Amerika Linie)

_Panther_, William II and, 210

Paris Economic Conference, 276

Passenger traffic, improvements in, 41

Peace negotiations, Ballin and, 286

Peters, Heinrich, central offices of, 34
secretary of Pool, 31

_Philadelphia_, 49

Pirrie, Lord, 121
advises Ballin, 44
discusses Morgan Trust, 63

Pleasure cruises, inception of, 70 _et seq._

Pool accommodation discussions (1898), 38
actuarial basis of, 34
agreement on (1891), 24
agreement with Allan Line, 74
agreement with Italian Lines, 74
agreement with Lloyd Line, 74
Ballin's opinions upon, 115
British Lines refuse (1892), 33
cardinal principles of, 30
Cunard Line refuses to join, 37
details of the, 28
Heinrich Peters, secretary of, 31
its most dramatic episode, 67
more internal troubles, 115
negotiations for a greater, 35
North Atlantic Steamship Lines Association, formal name of, 33
proposed by Ballin, 1886, 24
special, for Mediterranean business, 34
terms definitely made, 33
the General, 111
the transatlantic, 110
tonnage and passenger statistics, 29
U.S.A. Railway pool compared, 28
world war's effect upon, 111

Port Said, 85

_Pretoria_, 201

Princes' Trust, 110

_Prinzessin Victoria Luise_, 130

Prussia, Prince Henry of, 57

Rate war, the, 14, 110

Red Star Line, 7

_Reichseinkauf_, the, formation of, 223

Reuchlin, Mr., of Holland-American Line, 32

Richardson, Spence and Co., 9

Riga, fall of, 272

Roumania, anxiety regarding food from, 251
neutrality of, 244
supplies grain during war to Germany, 227

Rupprecht of Bavaria, Prince, 137

Russia, army of, 139

Russian East Asiatic S.S. Co., 101

Russian Press, outburst against Sandjak Railway, 141

Russian Volunteer Fleet, 111

Russo-Japanese War, 102
coaling problems for Russian fleet, 105
ships for, 25

_St. Louis_, 49

_St. Paul_, 49

Sandjak Railway, 141

Scandia Line, 21

Scandinavian emigration, 21

Schön, Herr v., 141

Schratt, Frau Kathi, 250
pro-English sympathies of, 252

Schwander, Dr., 272

Shanghai, 90

Shaughnessy, Lord, 62

Shipping agreement on rates, 17
agreements, enormous range of, 111
British tonnage in 1901, 49
crisis of 1907, 111
Imperial Government's interest in, 55
some tonnage comparisons, 49
statistics (1881-1885), 29
transatlantic business, trend of, 67

Ships, speed of, in 1882, 10

Singapore, 87

Skoda, Baron, 251

Sloman and Co., R. M., 18

South African War, 79

South America, development of, 82

Southampton, Packetfahrt service transferred to, 73

Spanish-American War, ships for, 25

Steinhöft, Hamburg, 1

Stettin, Vulkan Yard, 78, 113
orders to, 26

Stinnes, Hugo, 280

Storm, Director A., viii

Strasser, Mr., of the Red Star Line, 32

Stürgkh, Count, 243
Francis Joseph and, 250

Submarine warfare, 248, 252, 258
amazing achievements, 268
unrestricted, beginning of, 263

Thingvalla Line, 21

_Times, The_, on German neutrality, 104

Tirpitz, Admiral v., 151, 152, 199
and Ballin, 237
threatens resignation, 246

Tisza, Count, 243
and Count Stürgkh, 250

_Titanic_, 113

Tokio, 93

Trans-Andine Railway, completion of, 82

Tsingtau, 92, 97

Tweedmouth, Lord, and the Kaiser, 137

Ukraine, the, 278

U.S.A., application of Monroe doctrine in, 82
cholera and isolation in, 73
devastating effects of entry into war, 255
economic depression of the 'eighties, 9
enters the war, 269
German fears of intervention, 252
immigration from Scandinavia, 21
Railway Pool, 29
railways and shipping co-operation, 44

_Vaterland_, 113

Versailles treaty, German view of, 208

Vienna, conditions in, 249

Vulkan Yard, Stettin, 26, 78, 113

Waldersee, General Count Georg, and Ballin, 194
on rationing Germany, 221

_Westminster Gazette_ (article in facsimile at end), 163, 235

White Star Line, and Pierpont Morgan, 55
new liners, 113

Wiegand, Dr. Heinrich, 119
and Morgan Trust, 54

Wilding, Mr., Ballin's friendship for, 9

William II, and "a place in the sun," 202
and British Navy, British feeling aroused, 137
and _Daily Telegraph_ interview, 143
and Nicholas, suggested talk to avert war, 220
and President Wilson's note, 285
and the _Bismarck_, 114
at Hamburg, 193
Ballin explains situation in September, 1918, 209
Ballin reports to, on navy problem, 138
Ballin tells him the ugly truth in 1917, 267
blind to situation, September, 1918, 283
"brimful of optimism," 272
comments on _Westminster Gazette_ article, 163
designs excursion steamer, 196
discusses Morgan Trust with Ballin, 53
discusses Morocco question, 205
facsimile comments on _Westminster Gazette_ article (_see_ end of book)
interest in German shipbuilding, 196
interest in Morgan Trust, 197
intervenes in shipping struggle, 106
isolation of, 255
last meeting with Ballin, 280
letter on British Navy, 137
maritime interests of, 201
monarchical discussions, Ballin and, 285
on balance of power, 165
on Germany's Austro-Hungarian policy, 189
on the Churchill speech, 183
outspoken letter in 1916 from Ballin, 252 _et seq._
personal interest in Ballin, 198
persuaded to retire into private life, 285
sees Edward VII at Friedrichshof, 142
supports Ballin's mission of inquiry
to U.S.A., 54
telegram to Morgan Trust, 56
venerated in Austria, 251
visits Windsor, 136
wants apology from Great Britain, 183
writes to Ballin on Haldane interview, 175

Wilson, President, 263

Witt, Mr. Johannes, 27

Witte, Count, on situation July, 1914, 217

Woermann, Adolph, 107
character sketch of, 108

World war, the, 213
Ballin attempts mediation, 233
Ballin describes 1917 situation to William II, 265
Ballin favours a compromise, 236
Ballin on neutrals, 245
Ballin on the blockade, 234
Ballin on the crisis, 215
Bismarck's prophecy regarding, 133
British censorship in, 225
coal problems during, 102
Count Witte on situation, July 24th, 1914, 217
defection of German conscripts, 281
effect on Pool, 111

World war, the, entry of U.S.A., effect of, 253 _et seq._
food problems of Germany, 222
forced upon William II, 285
foreign policy and food during, 241
German mistakes in, 258-9
Germany stunned by _débâcle_, 236
grain from Roumania, 227
indemnities, 261
Mexico telegram, 271
outbreak of, 132
peace overtures, 245
position in 1916, 258
provisioning Germany, 221
shipping profits during, 65
submarine warfare in, 229
the British blockade, 224
Tyrol, failure in the, 259
Verdun and Italian campaigns, political and military failures, 258

World's shipping collapse, cause of, 229

Yang-Tse-Kiang, the, 91, 96

Zentral-Einkaufs-Gesellschaft, 226 _et seq._

PRINTED IN ENGLAND BY CASSELL & COMPANY, LIMITED, LONDON, E. C. 4.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Gross registered tonnage.

[2] Then British Ambassador in Berlin.

[3] This refers to the political events in Berlin immediately prior to the outbreak of war.

[4] The head of the Press Department of the Foreign Office.

[5] The telegram which the Foreign Office sent to the German Minister in Mexico, and which was partly responsible for the entry of the United States into the war.

[6] Director of the Hamburg branch of the firm of Hugo Stinnes.

* * * * *

Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:

aded to their fleets=> added to their fleets {pg 48}

in the era on the machine-gun=> in the era of the machine-gun {pg 266}

aready explained=> already explained {pg 270}