Chapter IV: Part 4

Number farms, 135,864. Average value per acre, cleared land, $6.53; woodland, $4.08. Sugar product, 94 hogsheads; molasses, 795,199 gallons; tobacco crop, 1882, 475,456 lbs.; hay, 10,882 acres, or 12,513 tons; oats, 1884, 405,830 acres, or 5,015,000 bu.; corn, 30,197,000 bu.; cotton, 661,000 bales.

Number industries, 2,070; flour and grist mills, 807; saw mills, 354. Total capital invested, $9,668,008; value products, $13,565,504.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $3,000
Sec'y of State 1,800
Treasurer 2,150
Auditor 1,800
Attorney Gen. 1,500
Supt. Pub. Inst. 2,250
Librarian 1,500
3 R. R. Commissioners 2,000 to 3,500
Chief Justice 3,000
2 Asso. Justices 3,000
Senators, } $4 pr. day
Representatives } and 20c mileage.
3 Dist. Judges 3,500
2 Colls. Int. Rev. 2,500
16 Colls. Int. Revenue 1,000 to 1,400

Presidential P. O.

Anniston $1,400
Birmingham 2,500
Eufaula 1,800
Florence 1,200
Gadsden 1,300
Greenville 1,400
Huntsville 1,800
Marion 1,500
Mobile 3,100
Montgomery 2,700
Opelika 1,500
Selma 2,500
Talladega 1,500
Troy 1,300
Tuscaloosa 1,700
Union Springs 1,400
Uniontown 1,100
6 Postoffices 1,000

Mineral region in northeast corner, extending southwest, about 160 miles, with average width of about 80 miles; contains three distinct coal fields, area over 5,000 square miles, and beds, 1 to 8 feet thick; limestone, sandstone, and iron ore near the coal.

Ranks fourth in cotton, fifth in mules and molasses, sixth in sugar, seventh in rice and iron ore.

Population, 1,262,505: male, 622,629; female, 639,876; native, 1,252,771; foreign, 9,734; white, 662,185; colored, 600,107; Indians, 218; slaves, 1860, 435,080.

State elections biennial, first Monday in August; congressional and presidential, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 33; Representatives, 100; sessions of legislature biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting Tuesday after second Monday in November; limit of session, 50 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number of electoral votes, 10; number of voters, 262,737; colored, 118,423; native white, 136,058; foreign white, 8,256. Indians, idiots and persons convicted of crime excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 4; school population, 401,002; school age, 7-21.

Legal interest rate, 8; usury forfeits entire interest. {115}

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{116}

MISSISSIPPI. Mis'sis-sip'pi. "THE BAYOU STATE."

Name of Indian origin, signifying "Father of Waters."

First permanent settlement at Natchez, 1716; admitted 1817; seceded 1861; re-admitted 1870.

Area, 46,810 square miles; extreme length, 332 miles; extreme breadth, 189 miles; mean breadth, 142 miles; gulf frontage, including irregularities and islands, 287 miles; harbors at Pascagonia, Biloxi, Mississippi City and Shieldsborough. Number counties, 74.

Temperature at Vicksburg: winter, 47deg to 56deg; summer, 80deg to 83deg. Rainfall, Natchez, 54 inches.

Jackson, the capital; pop., 5,204. Natchez, an important shipping point; pop., 7,058. Vicksburg, an extensive cotton market; pop., 11,814.

Railroad mileage, 1844, 26; Jan. 1, 1886, 1,947.

Number farms, 101,772. Average value per acre: cleared land, $7.88; woodland, $3.78.

Latest reports give 3,501 acres in rice; sugar cane, 4,555 acres; tobacco, 1,595 acres; corn, 1,889,600 acres; cotton, 847,000 bales; sweet potatoes, 3,610,660 bu.; wine, 209,845 gals.; molasses, 536,625 gals.; bales cotton used, 6,411; looms, 704; spindles, 26,172.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $4,000
Lieut. Gov. 800
Sec'y of State 2,500
Treasurer 2,500
Auditor 2,500
Atty. General 2,500
Supt. Pub. Edu. 2,000
Com'r Agricult. 1,000
Land Com'r. 1,000
Adjutant Gen. 500
Librarian 800
Chief Justice 3,500
2 Asso. Justices 3,500
Senators, Representatives $400 a year
3 Dist. Judges 3,500
Col. Int. Rev. 2,750

Presidential P. O.

Aberdeen $1,500
Brookhaven 1,300
Canton 1,500
Columbus 1,800
Corinth 1,500
Greenville 1,600
Grenada 1,400
Holly Springs 1,500
Jackson 2,300
Kosciusko 1,200
Meridian 2,100
Natchez 2,100
Okolona 1,300
Oxford 1,600
Vicksburgh 2,500
West Point 1,300
Winona 1,200
Yazoo City 1,400
5 P.O. $1,100 and 1,000

Forest area very large; pine, oak, chestnut, walnut and magnolia trees grow on uplands and bluffs, and long-leafed pine on islands and in sandy regions of the south; cotton lands mostly in Yazoo and Mississippi bottoms.

Ranks second in cotton, fifth in rice, sixth in mules and molasses, seventh in sugar.

Population, 1,131,597: male, 567,177; female, 564,420; native, 1,122,388; foreign, 9,209; white, 479,398; colored, 650,291; Chinese, 51; Indians, 1,857; slaves, 1860, 436,631.

Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature every two years; State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in Nov.; sessions of legislature biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting Tuesday after first Monday in January; limit of session, none; number Senators, 37; Representatives, 120; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 9; number voters, 238,532; colored, 130,278; native white, 102,580; foreign white, 5,674. Idiots, insane and criminals excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 8; school population, 444,131; school age, 5-21.

Legal interest, 6; by contract, 10; usury forfeits excess of int. {117}

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{118}

LOUISIANA. Loo-ee-ze-ah'na. "CREOLE STATE."

Named in honor of Louis XIV., King of France, when Louisiana was first colonized; first permanent settlement made by French at New Orleans, 1718: admitted 1812; seceded January, 1861; re-admitted June, 1868.

Area, 48,720 square miles; greatest length, east and west, 300 miles; breadth, 240 miles; coast line, 1,256 miles; internal water communication, 2,500 miles; number counties, 58.

Temperature at New Orleans: winter, 53deg to 61deg; summer, 81deg to 83deg; rainfall, 51 inches.

New Orleans, metropolis, port of entry and largest cotton market in the world; pop., 216,090; capital until 1847, and again from 1868 to 1881. Baton Rouge, capital; pop., 7,197. Pop. Shreveport, 8,009. Morgan City, port of entry. State institution for insane at Jackson; for deaf mutes and blind, Baton Rouge.

Number farms, 1860, 17,328; 1870, 28,481; 1880, 48,292. Average value per acre, cleared land, $14.36; woodland, $3.53; 57 per cent. of laborers are engaged in agriculture; rural income, per capita, $209. Latest statistics give 312,000 bu. salt; 1,318,110 bu. sweet potatoes; 175,000 acres sugar cane; 122,982 hhds. sugar; 11,696,248 gals. molasses; 23,188,311 lbs. rice; corn crop, 1884, 11,007,000 bu.; acreage of oats, 35,119, producing 404,000 bu.; cotton, 995,000 bales.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $4,000
Lieut. Gov. $8 pr day
Treasurer 2,000
Sec'y of State 1,800
Auditor 2,500
Attorney Gen. 3,000
Adjutant Gen. 2,000
Supt. Pub. Inst. 2,000
Com'r of Agr. and Immig. 2,000
Chief Justice 5,000
4 Asso. Justices 5,000
Senators, } $4 pr day
Representatives } and mileage
2 District Judges 3,500 to 4,500
Col. of Customs, N. O. 7,000
Col. Inter. Rev. 3,875
Surveyor Gen. 1,800
Chf. Draftsman 1,500
Supt. of Mint 3,500
Chief Clerk 2,000
Cashier 2,000

Presidential P. O.

Alexandria $1,300
Baton Rouge 1,700
Donaldsonville 1,400
Franklin 1,100
Lake Charles 1,300
Monroe 1,400
New Iberia 1,500
New Orleans 3,700
Opelousas 1,100
Plaquemine 1,200
Shreveport 2,200
Thibodeaux 1,300

Ranks first in sugar and molasses, third in rice, seventh in cotton, ninth in salt. Total number industries, 1,553; capital invested, $11,462,468; value products, $24,205,183.

Population, 939,946: male, 468,754; female, 471,192; native, 885,800; foreign, 54,146; white, 454,954; colored, 483,655; Chinese, 489; Indians, 848; slaves, 1860, 331,726. Legislature and State officers elected quadrennially; members Congress, biennially. State elections, Tuesday after third Monday in April; number Senators, 36; Representatives, 98; sessions biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting second Monday in May; limit of session, 60 days; terms of Senators and Representatives, 4 years each.

Number electoral votes, 8; number voters, 216,787; colored, 107,977; native white, 81,777; foreign white, 27,033. Idiots, insane and criminals excluded from voting.

Sugar cane first cultivated in the United States, near New Orleans, 1751, and first sugar mill used 1758.

Exports, 1882, $90,238,503; imports, $10,611,353; duties collected, $2,046,804; railroad mileage, Jan. 1, 1886, 1,397.

Legal interest, 5; by contract, 8; usury forfeits entire interest. {119}

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{120}

TEXAS. Tex'as. "LONE STAR STATE."

Origin of name not definitely known; supposed by some have been name of Indian tribe.

First settlement by French on the Lavaca, 1685; admitted 1845; seceded February, 1861; re-admitted 1868.

Area, 265,780 square miles; extreme length, 825 miles; extreme breadth, 740 miles; coastline, 400 miles; number counties 230. Temperature at Galveston: winter, 53deg to 63deg; summer, 82deg to 84deg. Rainfall at Fort Brown, 33 inches.

Brownsville, El Paso, Indianola and Galveston are ports of entry. Houston, important railroad centre; pop., 16,513. Galveston, metropolis, has best harbor, and is chief shipping point; pop., 22,248. Austin, the capital; pop., 11,013. San Antonio, oldest town; pop., 20,550. Pop. Dallas, 10,358.

Number farms, 174,184; average value per acre, cleared land, $8.98; woodland, $4.

Cotton most valuable crop; acreage, 1883, 3,034,922; crop, 1,118,000 bales. Latest reported products, 4,951 hhds. sugar, 13,000 bbls. molasses, 1,460,079 bu. sweet potatoes, 5,560,600 bu. wheat, 60,290,000 bu. corn, 35,528 gals. wine, 13,899,320 lbs. butter, 50,600 bu. salt, 3,600 tons iron ore; coal area, 6,000 square miles.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $4,000
Lieut. Gov. $5 a day
Sec'y of State 2,000
Treasurer 2,500
Attorney Gen. 2,000
Adjutant Gen. 2,000
Land Com. 2,500
Railroad Com. 3,000
Chief Justice 3,500
2 Asso. Justices 3,500
Senators, } $5 a day
Representatives } and mileage.
3 Dist. Judges 3,500
Colls. Inter. Revenue 2,500 to 2,750
17 Deputy Collectors 300 to 1,850

Presidential P. O.

Austin $3,000
Brenham 1,900
Corsicana 1,900
Dallas 3,000
Denison City 2,200
El Paso 2,100
Fort Worth 2,700
Gainesville 1,900
Galveston 3,200
Houston 3,000
Laredo 2,000
Marshall 2,000
Palestine 2,400
San Antonio 2,800
Sherman 2,300
Waco 2,500
54 Offices 1,900 to 1,100
7 Offices 1,000

Cotton picking, July to December; corn planting, middle of February; grain harvest, May; corn harvest, July.

Ranks first in cattle and cotton; second in sugar, sheep, mules and horses; sixth in miles railway; seventh in milch cows; eighth in rice and hogs.

Value flouring and grist mill products, $7,617,177; sawed lumber, $3,673,449; total number industries, 2,996; capital invested, $9,245,561; value products, $20,719,928.

Pop., 1,591,749: male, 837,840; female, 753,909; native, 1,477,133; foreign, 114,616; white, 1,197,237; colored, 393,384; Chinese, 136; Indians, 992.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 31; Representatives, 106; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting second Tuesday in January; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 13; number voters, 380,376. U. S. army, lunatics, idiots, paupers and convicts excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 10; school pop., 295,344; school age, 8-14.

Legal interest, 8; by contract, 12; usury forfeits entire interest. {121}

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{122}

ARKANSAS. Ar'kan-saw. "BEAR STATE."

Name of Indian origin, signifying "Smoky Water," with prefix from French meaning "Bow."

Settled at Arkansas Post by French, 1685; became a Territory, 1819; admitted as a State, 1836; seceded March 4, 1861; re-admitted 1868

Area, 53,850 square miles; length, north and south, 240 miles; breadth, from 170 to 250 miles; Mississippi river frontage, about 400 miles. Number counties, 75.

Temperature at Little Bock: winter, 42deg to 51deg; summer, 79deg to 82deg. Rainfall, at Fort Smith, 40 in.; and at Washington, 55 in.

Hot Springs, in Garland county, famous for valuable medicinal springs; temperature of water, over 140deg. Little Rock, the capital and metropolis; population, 13,138.

Number farms, 94,433. Average value per acre, cleared land, $11.78; woodland, $3.48.

Corn crop, 1884, 32,465,000 bushels; wheat, 1,885,000 bushels; cotton, 513,000 bales. Latest reported tobacco crop, 1,952,872 pounds; oats, 3,542,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 881,260 bushels. Ranks sixth in cotton, and ninth in mules.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $3,500
Sec'y of State 1,800
Treasurer 2,250
Auditor 2,250
Attorney Gen. 1,500
Supt. Pub. Inst'n 1,600
Land Com'r. 1,800
Chief Justice 3,000
2 Asso. Justices 3,000
Senators, Representatives $6 a day.
2 Dist. Judges 3,500
Dist. Atty. $200 & fees
2 Asst. Dist. Attys. $1,200, 1,000
Col. Int. Rev. 2,750
10 Deputy Collectors 1,200 to 1,500

Presidential P. O.

Arkadelphia $1,200
Batesville 2,200
Camden 1,200
Dardanelle 1,000
Eureka Springs 1,700
Fayetteville 1,500
Forest City 1,000
Fort Smith 2,000
Helena 1,800
Hope 1,400
Hot Springs 2,400
Jonesborough 1,100
Little Rock 2,800
Newport 1,400
Pine Bluff 1,800
Prescott 1,100
Texarkana 2,000
Van Buren 1,300

Number different industries, 2,070; for tar and turpentine, 26; sawing lumber, 354; flour and grist, 807.

Coal along Arkansas river; iron ores in Ozark Mountains; salt springs near Ouachita; oilstone near Hot Springs; kaolin in Pulaski county.

Population, 802,525; male, 416,279; female, 386,246; native, 792,175; foreign, 10,350; white, 591,531; colored, 210,666; Chinese, 133; Indians, 195; slaves, 1860, 111,115.

State elections biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting first Monday in September; congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 31; Representatives, 94; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting second Monday in January; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 7; number voters, 182,977; native white, 129,675; foreign white, 6,475; colored, 46,827. Idiots, Indians, and persons convicted of crime excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 5; school population, 289,617; school age, 6-21.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 10; usury forfeits principal and interest. {123}

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{124}

MISSOURI. Mis-soo'ree. "THE PENNSYLVANIA OF THE WEST."

Name signifies "Mud River," and was taken from that of the river of same name. First settled at Ste. Genevieve by the French in 1755; organized as a Territory, 1812; admitted 1821.

Area, 69,415 square miles, nearly that of combined ares of New England States; length, north and south, 275 miles; average breadth, 245 miles; Mississippi river frontage, nearly 500 miles; number counties, 115.

Temperature at St. Louis: winter, 30deg to 43deg; summer, 75deg to 80deg; rainfall, 42 inches.

St. Louis, largest city west of the Mississippi, port of entry and great commercial and manufacturing point; pop., 350,518. Capital, Jefferson City; pop., 5,271. Pop. St. Joseph, 32,431; of Kansas City,--Chicago of the West,--55,787.

Number farms, 215,575; average value per acre, cleared land, $14.52; woodland, $8.25.

Corn crop, 1884, 197,850,000 bu.; wheat, 27,500,000 bu.; oats, 30,774,000 bu.; potatoes, 1883, 6,535,570 bu.; tobacco, 10,540,000 lbs.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $5,000
Sec'y of State 3,000
Treasurer 3,000
Auditor 3,000
Attorney Gen. 3,000
Adjutant Gen. 2,000
Supt. Pub. Sch'ls 3,000
Register Lands 3,000
3 Railr'd Com'rs 3,000
Supt. Ins. Dep't. 4,000
Chief Justice 4,500
Senators, } $5 a day &
Representatives. } mileage and $30
2 Dist. Judges 3,500
5 Collectors Int. Rev. 2,250 to 4,500
Surveyor of Cust. St. L. 5,000

Presidential P. O.

Carthage $2,300
Chillicothe 1,800
Clinton 1,800
Columbia 1,900
Hannibal 2,500
Jefferson City 2,100
Joplin 1,800
Kansas City 3,600
Louisiana 1,800
Maryville 1,800
Mexico 1,900
Moberly 1,900
Nevada 1,300
Saint Joseph 3,200
Saint Louis 6,000
Sedalia 2,600
Springfield 2,400
Warrensburgh 1,800
60 P.O. 1,700 to 1,000

Latest reports give 548,990 tons coal; iron ore, 388,197 tons, value at $1,674,875; marble and limestone, 4,419,300 cubic feet. Lead is found in southwest, centre and southeast, having area of over 5,000 square miles.

Latest reported stock on farms; horses, 701,702; milch cow, 674,565; cattle other than cows and oxen, 1,410,507; sheep, 1,439,880; swine, 4,087,566. Hogs packed winter 1881-82, 804,239.

Ranks first in mules; third in oxen, hogs, corn and copper; sixth in iron ore, milch cows and horses; seventh in oats; eighth in wheat and tobacco; ninth in railroad mileage, sheep and potatoes.

Population, 2,168,380; male, 1,127,187; females 1,041,193; native, 1,966,802; foreign, 211,578; white, 2,022,826; colored, 145,350; Chinese, 91; Indians, 113.

Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature every two years. State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after 1st Monday in November; number Senators, 34; Representatives, 141; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting Wednesday after January 1st; limit of session 70 days; term of Senators, 4 years; Representatives, 2 years. Number electoral votes, 16; number voters, 541,207. U. S. army and inmates of asylums, poorhouses and prisons, excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 17; school population, 741,632; school age, 6-20.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 10; usury forfeits entire interest. {125}

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{126}

TENNESSEE. T[)e]n-ne-see'. "BIG BEND STATE."

Name derived from "Tannassee," Indian name for Little Tennessee river. First permanent settlement, 1756, on Tennessee river about 30 miles from present site of Knoxville; first Anglo-American settlement west of the Alleghanies and south of Pennsylvania; admitted 1845; seceded February, 1861; re-admitted 1868.

Area, 42,050 square miles, nearly that of Virginia; greatest length east and west, 432 miles; greatest breadth, 109 miles. Number of counties, 96.

Temperature at Nashville: winter, 37deg to 48deg; summer, 75deg to 81deg. Rainfall at Memphis, 45 inches.

Nashville, capital and metropolis, also most wealthy and prosperous city; population, 43,350. Memphis, principal grain and cotton market between St. Louis and New Orleans; pop., 33,592. Population Chattanooga, 12,898; of Jackson, 8,377; of Knoxville. 9,693.

First railroad; a portion of the Nashville & Chattanooga, between Nashville and Bridgeport, 1853; mileage, Jan. 1, 1886, 2,178.

Number farms, 165,650. Value per acre, cleared land, $13; woodland, $7.28. Corn crop of 1884, 65,723,000 bu.; wheat, 9,320,000 bu.; cotton, 314,000 bales; potatoes, 1883, 2,404,647 bu.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $4,000
Secretary of State 1,800 & fees
Treasurer 2,750
Comptroller 2,750
Attorney Gen. 3,000
Supt. Pub. Inst'n. 1,800
Adjutant Gen. 1,200
Com'r Agr. 3,000
3 RR. Comm'rs 2,000
Librarian 1,000
Chief Justice 4,000
Senators, } $4 a day
Representatives } & 16c. a mile.
3 Dist. Judges 3,500
Pension Agent 4,000
3 Colls. Int. Rev. 4,375 to 2,250

Presidential P. O.

Bristol $1,700
Brownsville 1,300
Chattanooga 2,800
Clarksville 2,000
Columbia 1,800
Dyersburgh 1,000
Gallatin 1,400
Jackson 1,900
Jonesborough 1,000
Knoxville 2,900
Lebanon 1,500
Memphis 3,300
Murfr'sborough 1,600
Nashville 3,300
Pulaski 1,500
Shelbyville 1,400
Union City 1,500
6 Post Offices 1,200
4 Post Offices 1,100

Most valuable minerals are iron, copper and coal; area coal fields, over 5,000 square miles; product of pig iron, 70,873 tons; copper region in southwest, producing, from 1870 to 1880, nearly 13,000,000 lbs. ingot copper; excellent marbles and limestones, $131,700 being invested in quarries.

Ranks second in peanuts, average yield being 40 bu. per acre; third in mules; sixth in tobacco, yield being 707 lbs. per acre; seventh in copper; seventh in hogs; ninth in corn and cotton. Hemp, broom corn and flax are also valuable products.

Population, 1,542,359: male, 769,277; female, 773,082; native, 1,525,657; foreign, 16,702; white, 1,138,831; colored, 403,151; Chinese, 25; Indians, 352. Slaves, 1860, 275,719.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 33; Representatives, 99; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday in January; limit of session, 75 days; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each. Number electoral votes, 12; number voters, 571,244; native white, 240,939; foreign white, 250,055; colored, 80,250. Non-payers of poll-tax excluded from voting.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, any rate; usury forfeits excess of interest and $100 fine. {127}

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{128}

KENTUCKY. "CORN CRACKER STATE."

Name signifies "Dark and Bloody Ground," the country being the ancient hunting grounds of the Indians.

Earliest explorations made by John Finley and others, 1767; Daniel Boone established himself there, 1769, admitted as a State, 1792. Area, 40,400 square miles; greatest length, 350 miles; greatest breadth, 178 miles; river frontage, 812 miles; navigable waters, about 4,000 miles. Number counties, 118.

Temperature at Louisville: winter, 34deg to 44deg; summer, 75deg to 80deg. Rainfall at Springdale, 49 inches.

Louisville, the commercial emporium of the State, has large tobacco warehouses and pork-packing establishments; population, 123,758. Frankfort, the capital: population, 6,958. Population of Covington, 29,720. Lexington, former capital, founded 1776; population, 16,666. Newport connected with Covington by suspension bridge; population, 20,433. Louisville and Paducah, ports of entry.

Number farms, 166,453. Average value per acre, cleared land, $18.86; woodland, $12.82.

Ranks high as an agricultural State. Corn crop, 1884, 71,880,800 bu.; wheat, 13,425,000 bu.; oats, 7,865,000 bu.; tobacco, 1882, 198,905,994 lbs.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $5,000
Sec'y of State 1,600
Treasurer 2,400
Auditor 2,600
Atty. Gen. $500 & fees
Reg. Ld. Office 2,400
Com'r of Agr. 2,000
Ins. Com'r. 4,000
3 R. R. Com'rs 2,000
Chief Justice 5,000
3 Asso. Justices 5,000
Senators, } $5 pr. day
Representatives } mileage 15 cents.
District Judge 3,500
Pension Agent 4,000
6 Cols. Int. Rev. 4,600
60 Deputy Collectors 300 to 2,000

Presidential P. O.

Bowling Green $1,800
Covington 2,600
Danville 1,800
Frankfort 2,300
Georgetown 1,600
Henderson 1,800
Hopkinsville 1,800
Lexington 2,700
Louisville 3,700
Maysville 2,000
Mt. Sterling 1,700
Newport 2,100
Owensborough 2,000
Paducah 2,300
Paris 1,800
Richmond 1,600
Shelbyville 1,600
22 Offices 1,500 to 1,000

Has a world-wide reputation for thoroughbred horses and cattle. Latest reports give for stock on farms, horses, 370,028; milch cows, 304,720; cattle other than cows and oxen, 505,746; sheep, 980,166; swine, 1,954,919. Ranks first in tobacco; fourth in malt and distilled liquors; sixth in hogs; seventh in corn; eighth in rye, coal and mules.

Population, 1,648,690; male, 832,590; female, 816,100; native, 1,589,173; foreign, 59,517; white, 1,377,179; colored, 271,451; Chinese, 10; Indians, 50; slaves, 1860, 225,483.

State elections biennial, first Monday in August, in odd-numbered years; congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 38; Representatives, 100; sessions of legislature biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting last day of December; limit of session, 60 days, unless extended by vote; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 13; number voters, 376,221. Bribers, robbers and forgers excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 15; public school system framed, 1838; school age, 6-20.

Legal int., 6; by contract, 10; usury forfeits excess over 10 per cent. {129}

* * * * *

{130}

OHIO. O-hi'o. "BUCKEYE STATE."

Name of Indian origin, signifying "Beautiful River."

First permanent settlement at Marietta, 1788; admitted as a State, 1802.

Area, 41,060 square miles; greatest length east and west, 225 miles: extreme breadth, 200 miles; Ohio river frontage, 430 miles; lake frontage, 230 miles; number counties, 88.

Temperature at Cleveland: winter, 27deg to 38deg; summer, 68deg to 72deg At Cincinnati: winter, 34deg to 45deg; summer, 74deg to 79deg. Rainfall at Cleveland, 38 inches.

Cincinnati, "Queen City of the West," founded 1789, the metropolis; pop., 255,139. Cleveland has one of the best harbors on the lake; pop., 160,146. Columbus, capital and great railroad center; pop., 51,647. Chillicothe, capital, 1800 to 1810; Zanesville, 1810 to 1812; Chillicothe, 1812 to 1816; Columbus, 1816. Toledo, Sandusky, Cleveland and Cincinnati ports of entry.

Number farms, 247,189, of which 199,562 are occupied by owners; average value per acre, cleared land, $47.53; woodland, $41.37 wheat crop, 1884, 41,186,000 bu.; corn, 85,393,000 bu.; Oats, 23,419,000 bu.; potatoes, 1883, 16,452,315 bu.; tobacco, 29,947,536 lbs. Average value corn, 1881, 41 cents; wheat, 75 cents; oats, 29 cents.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $4,000
Sec'y of State 3,000
Treasurer 3,000
Auditor 3,000
Attorney Gen. 2,000
School Comm'r. 2,000
Supt. Ins. Dep't 1,800
Railroad Com'r 2,000
Sec'y Board Ag. 1,800
Com. Lab. Stati. 2,000
Chief Justice 3,500
Senators, } $600 a y'r
Representatives } and 12c. mileage.
2 District Judges 3,500, 4,000
Pension Agt. 4,000
8 Collectors Int. Rev. 2,500 to 4,500

Presidential P. O.

Akron $2,800
Canton 2,700
Chillicothe 2,400
Cincinnati 6,000
Cleveland 3,700
Columbus 3,400
Dayton 3,200
Delaware 2,400
Hamilton 2,400
Lima 2,400
Mansfield 2,700
Newark 2,400
Portsmouth 2,400
Sandusky 2,500
Springfield 3,100
Steubenville 2,400
Toledo 3,400
Youngstown 2,600
Zanesville 2,700
118 P.O. 2,300 to 1,000

Latest reported dairy products give: milk, 46,801,537 gallons; butter, 67,869,604 lbs.; cheese, 19,978,436 lbs. Pork packing extensively carried on; hogs packed winter 1881-82, 618,348.

Ranks first in agricultural implements and wool; second in petroleum, iron and steel; third in wheat, sheep, coal, malt and distilled liquors; fourth in printing and publishing, salt, miles railway and soap; fifth in milch cows, hogs, horses, hay, tobacco and iron ore.

Population, 3,198,062; male, 1,613,931; female, 1,584,126; natives 2,803,119; foreign, 394,943; white, 3,117,920; colored, 79,900; Chinese, 109; Indians, 130.

State and congressional elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 33; Representatives, 105; sessions biennial, but "adjourned sessions" practically amount to annual meetings; time, first Monday in January; limit of session, none; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each.

Number electoral votes, 23; number voters, 826,577; insane and idiots excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 35; school population, 1,081,321; school age, 6-21.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 8; usury forfeits excess above 6 per cent. {131}

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{132}

INDIANA. In-de-ah'nah. "HOOSIER STATE."

First settled by Canadian voyagers at Vincennes, 1702; organized as a Territory, 1800; admitted 1816.

Area, 36,350 square miles; extreme length, 276 miles; average breadth, 140 miles; shore line on Lake Michigan, 40 miles. Michigan City the lake port. Number counties, 92.

Temperature at Indianapolis: winter, 29deg to 41deg; summer, 73deg to 78deg. Rainfall at Richmond, 43 inches.

Indianapolis is the capital and most flourishing city, and contains deaf and dumb, blind, and insane asylums; pop., 75,056. Terre Haute, extensive iron, whisky and pork market; pop., 26,042 Evansville, commercial centre of the southwest; pop., 29,280. Fort Wayne, emporium of the northeast; pop., 26,880.

Number farms, 194,013; average value, per acre, cleared land, $30.46; woodland, $26.90. Corn the most valuable crop; yield of 1884, 104,757,000 bu.; wheat, 31,270,000 bu.; oats, 78,650,000 bu. Dairy interest large and increasing; also the business of pork packing. Latest reports give 37,659,029 lbs. butter, and 1,521,275 lbs. cheese. Number hogs packed, winter 1881-82, 349,261.

Coal fields, about 6,500 square miles, extending from Warren county south to the Ohio; varieties are coking coal, Indiana block and cannel.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $5,000
Lieut. Gov. $8 a day
Sec'y of State 2,000
Treasurer 3,000
Auditor 1,500
Attorney Gen. 2,500
Supt. Pub. Inst. 2,500
Sec. Bd. of Agr. 1,200
Librarian 1,200
5 Judges. 4,000
Senators, } $6 a day
Representatives } and 20c. per mile.
District Judge 3,500
Pension Agent 4,000
6 Colls. Int. Rev. 2,375 to 4,500
Surveyor Customs $1,000 & fees

Presidential P. O.

Crawfordsville $2,100
Elkhart 2,400
Evansville 2,900
Fort Wayne 2,900
Goshen 2,200
Indianapolis 3,500
La Fayette 2,700
La Porte 2,200
Logansport 2,400
Madison 2,000
New Albany 2,300
Peru 2,000
Richmond 2,700
South Bend 2,600
Terre Haute 2,800
Valparaiso 2,200
Vincennes 2,200
36 Offices 1,900 to 1,500
40 Offices 1,400 to 1,000

Ranks second in wheat; fourth in corn, hogs and agricultural implements; sixth in coal; seventh in horses, oxen and other cattle, malt and distilled liquors, and miles of railway; ninth in hay and milch cows.

Pop., 1,978,301: male, 1,010,361; female, 967,940; native, 1,834,123; foreign, 144,178; white, 1,938,798; colored, 39,228; Chinese, 29; Indians, 246.

State, congressional and presidential elections. Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 50; Representatives, 100; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting Thursday after first Monday in January; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 15; number voters, 498,437. Fraudulent voters and bribers excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 15; State University at Bloomington; medical school at Indianapolis; university at Notre Dame; flourishing common-school system; school population, 708,596; school age, 6-21.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 8; usury forfeits excess of interest. {133}

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{134}

ILLINOIS Il-lin-oi "PRAIRIE OR SUCKER STATE."

From a tribe of Indians, signifying "a superior class of men."

First permanent settlement by French at Kaskaskia, 1682; organized as a Territory, 1809; admitted as a State, 1818.

Area, 56,650 square miles; greatest length, 385 miles; greatest breadth, 218 miles; highest land, 1,150 feet. Number of counties, 102. Has 4,000 miles navigable streams. Temperature at Chicago: winter, 25deg to 37deg; Summer, 68deg to 73deg. At Cairo: winter, 35deg to 54deg; summer, 76deg to 80deg. Rainfall at Peoria, 35 inches.

Kaskaskia, first capital, which was removed to Vandalia, 1818; and to Springfield, 1836. Chicago, "Garden City of the West;" pop., 503,185. Peoria ranks second; pop., 29,259. Quincy, third; pop., 27,268. Springfield, capital; pop., 19,743.

Number of farms, 255,741, of which 175,497 are occupied by owners. Value per acre, cleared land, $33.03; woodland, $23.68; 8,151,463 acres in corn, 1884, producing 244,544,000 bu.; wheat, 2,790,900 acres, producing 32,374,000 bu.; oats, 2,990,983 acres, producing 98,153,000 bu.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $6,000
Sec'y of State 3,500
Treasurer 3,500
Auditor 3,500
Attorney Gen. 3,500
Chief Justice 5,000
Senators, } $5 pr. day,
Representatives } mileage 10c. & $50
2 Dist. Judges 4,000, 3,500
Pension Agent 4,000
8 Colls. Int. Rev. 2,125 to 4,500
Col. of Customs 7,000
Auditor 2,200
Appraiser 3,000
Examiner 2,000

Presidential P. O.

Aurora $2,500
Bloomington 2,900
Cairo 2,400
Chicago 6,000
Decatur 2,700
Elgin 3,200
Freeport 2,600
Galesburgh 2,600
Jacksonville 2,500
Joliet 2,600
Moline 2,500
Ottawa 2,400
Peoria 3,200
Quincy 3,000
Rockford 3,000
Rock Island 2,500
Springfield 2,800
173 Offices 2,400 to 1,000

First recorded coal mine in America located near Ottawa, 1669. Coal area, over three-fourths of entire State; estimated to contain one-seventh of all known coal in North America; product, 1882, 9,000,000 tons.

Superior quality limestone on Fox and Desplaines rivers; lead most important mineral; Galena in centre of richest diggings of the Northwest. Rich salt wells in Saline and Gallatin counties, 75 gallons brine making 50 pounds salt.

Ranks first in corn, wheat, oats, meat packing, lumber traffic, malt and distilled liquors and miles railway; second in rye, coal, agricultural implements, soap and hogs; fourth in hay, potatoes, iron and steel, mules, milch cows and other cattle.

Population, 3,077,871: male, 1,586,523; female, 1,491,348; native, 2,494,295; foreign, 583,576; white, 3,031,151; colored, 46,368; Chinese, 209; Japanese, 3; Indians, 140.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 51; Representatives, 153; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday in January; limit of session, none; term of Senators, 4 years; Representatives, 2 years. Number electoral votes, 22; number voters, 796,847; convicts are excluded from voting.

School system excellent; number colleges, 28: school age, 6-21.

Legal interest, 6; by contract, 8; usury forfeits entire interest. {135}

* * * * *

{136}

MICHIGAN. Mish'e-gan "WOLVERINE OR LAKE STATE."

Name of Indian origin, signifying Lake country.

First white settlement within limits of State, Sault Ste. Marie, 1668; organized as Territory, 1805; admitted 1837.

Area, 58,915 square miles; length of lower peninsula, from north to south, 277 miles; greatest breadth, 259 miles. Length of upper peninsula, east to west, 318 miles; width, 30 to 164 miles. Length lake shoreline, 1,620 miles. Number counties, 82.

Temperature at Detroit, winter, 24deg to 36deg; summer, 67deg to 72deg: rainfall, 30 inches.

Detroit the metropolis; pop., 133,269. Grand Rapids, manufacturing city; pop., 41,934. Lansing, the capital; pop., 9,776. Pop. Bay City, 29,413; East Saginaw, 29,100; Jackson, 19,136; Muskegon, 17,845; Saginaw, 13,767. Detroit, Marquette, Port Huron and Grand Haven are ports of entry.

Number farms, 154,008. Value per acre, cleared land, $34.39; woodland, $20.27. Corn crop, 1884, 26,022,000 bu.; wheat, 29,772,000 bu.; oats, 19,990,000 bu. Fruit raising an important industry.

Copper mines in Houghton, Ontonagon, and Keweenaw counties; valuable iron ores in Marquette and Delta counties; coal in Shiawassee, Eaton, Ingham and Jackson counties. Salt manufactured in year ending November 30, 1884, 3,252,175 barrels.

Salaries State Officers.

Governor $1,000
Lieut. Gov. $3 a day
Sec'y of State 800
Treasurer 1,000
Auditor Gen. 2,000
Supt. Pub. Inst'n 1,000
Adjutant Gen. 1,000
Secy Bd. Agr. 1,500
Insur. Com'r. 2,000
R. R. Com'r. 2,500
Immig. Com'r. 2,000
Chief Justice 4,000
Senators } $3 a day
Representatives } and 10c per mile
2 Dist. Judges 3,500
Pension Agt. 4,000
4 Colls. Int. Revenue 3,875 to 2,625

Presidential P. O.

Adrian $2,400
Ann Arbor 2,600
Battle Creek 2,600
Bay City 2,700
Big Rapids 2,300
Detroit 3,700
East Saginaw 2,700
Flint 2,400
Grand Rapids 3,200
Jackson 2,700
Kalamazoo 2,700
Lansing 2,700
Marshall 2,300
Muskegon 2,500
Port Huron 2,400
Saginaw 2,300
52 P.O. $2,200 to 1,500
38 P.O. 1,400 to 1,100
9 P.O. 1,000

Ranks first in copper, lumber and salt; second in iron ore; third in buckwheat; fifth in sheep, hops and potatoes; sixth in wheat and barley; seventh in agricultural implements; eighth in miles railway; ninth in oats.

Grand Haven, Au Sable and Detroit are centres of valuable fishing interests; principal catch is trout and whitefish.

Population, 1,843,369: male, 958,551; female, 884,818; native, 1,419,395; foreign, 423,974; white, 1,817,562; colored, 17,548; Indians, 8,259.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 32; Representatives, 100; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Wednesday in January; limit of session, none; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each.

Number electoral votes, 13; number voters, 467,687. Duelists are excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 9; efficient public schools; school age, 5-20.

Legal interest, 7; by contract, 10; usury forfeits excess of interest. {137}

* * * * *

{138}

WISCONSIN. W[)i]s-k[)o]n's[)i]n. "BADGER STATE."

From river of same name; an Indian word signifying "Wild-rushing River." First settled by French, at Green Bay, 1669; organized as a Territory, 1836; first Territorial legislature at Belmont, Sept. 1, 1836; admitted as a State, 1847.

Area, 56,040 square miles; greatest length, 300 miles; greatest breadth, 260 miles; Mississippi river navigable throughout southwest boundary; excellent harbors in Lake Superior on north, and Lake Michigan on east. Port Washington, one of the finest natural harbors in tie world. Number counties, 67. Temperature at Milwaukee; winter, 19degto 31deg; summer, 63deg to 70deg; rainfall, 30 inches.

Milwaukee, port of entry, great pork packing and beer brewing centre; also grain and wheat market: pop., 158,509. Madison, capital; pop., 12,064. Population Eau Claire, 21,668; Fond du Lac, 12,726.

Number farms, 102,904; average value per acre, cleared land, $26.27; woodland, $19.55. Wheat most valuable crop; cultivation of flax increasing; many acres devoted to culture of cranberries; buckwheat crop, 1883, 177,792 bu.; hay, 2,354,835 tons; corn, 1884, 26,200,000 bu.; oats, 45,940,000 bu.; wheat, 20,083,000 bu. Latest reported dairy products: milk, 25,156,977 gals.; butter, 33,739,055 lbs.; cheese, 19,088,405 lbs.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $5,000
Sec'y of State 5,000
Treasurer 5,000
Attorney Gen. 3,000
Railr'd Com'r. 3,000
Chief Justice 5,000
4 Asso. Justices 5,000
2 Dist. Judges 3,500
Senators, } $500 per y'r,
Representatives } mileage 10c.
Pension Agent 4,000
Indian Agent 1,500
4 Colls. Int. Revenue 4,500 to 2,750
23 Deputy Collect'rs 1,800 to 300
Collect'r of Customs 1,000 & fees.

Presidential P. O.

Appleton $2,400
Beloit 2,300
Chippewa Falls 2,100
Eau Claire 2,600
Fond du Lac 2,500
Green Bay 2,200
Janesville 2,500
La Crosse 2,600
Madison 2,700
Milwaukee 3,600
Oshkosh 2,600
Racine 2,700
Sheboygan 2,100
Watertown 2,000
Waukesha 2,000
Wausau 2,000
Whitewater 1,900
66 Offices 1,800 to 1,000

Extensive lead mines in Grant, Lafayette and Iowa counties; native copper in the north, in Crawford and Iowa counties. Milwaukee clay famous for making cream-colored brick. Iron ores in Dodge, Sauk, Jackson and Ashland counties.

Ranks second in hops, third in barley and potatoes, fourth in rye and buckwheat, fifth in oats and agricultural implements, seventh, in iron and steel, eighth in hay and milch cows, and ninth in copper.

Population, 1,563,423: male, 811,051; female, 752,372: native, 1,069,433; foreign, 493,990: white, 1,555,152; colored, 5,576; Indians, 2695

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 33; Representatives, 100; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting second Wednesday in January; limit of session, none; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years. Number electoral votes, 11; number voters, 340,482; insane, idiots, convicts, bribers, betters and dualists excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 7; number public schools, 6,588; school population, 495,233; school age, 4-20.

Legal interest, 7; by contract, 10; usury forfeits entire interest. {139}

* * * * *

{140}

IOWA [=I]'o-wah. "HAWKEYE STATE."

Name is of Indian origin, and means "The Beautiful land."

Part of the Louisiana purchase; merged into Missouri Territory, 1812; into Michigan, 1834; into Wisconsin, 1836. First white settlement at Dubuque, 1788. Admitted as a State, 1846.

Area, 56,025 square miles, about that of Illinois; extent north and south, 208 miles; east and west, about 300 miles. Principal rivers within State: Des Moines, Iowa and Little Sioux. Number counties, 99. Temperature at Davenport: winter, 21deg to 37deg; summer, 70deg to 76deg. Rainfall at Mascutine, 43 inches.

Des Moines, metropolis and capital: pop., 32,469. Pop. of Dubuque, 26,330; of Davenport, 23,830; of Burlington, 23,459; of Council Bluffs, 21,557. Keokuk, Burlington and Dubuque are United States ports of delivery.

Number farms, 185,351; average value per acre, cleared land, $27.36; woodland, $39.36. Corn crop, 1884, 252,600,000 bu.; wheat, 31,270,000 bu.; oats, 78,650,000 bu.; potatoes, 1883, 13,216,868 bu.; barley, 4,638,348 bu.; sorgham syrup, 2,640,000 gals.

Dairy interest growing in importance, creamery and factory products bringing high prices. There were 60,940,553 lbs. of butter and 3,378,924 lbs. cheese made in 1880.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $3,000
Lieut. Gov. 1,100
Sec'y of State 2,200
Treasurer 2,200
Auditor 2,200
Attorney Gen. $1,500 and $5 a day
Supt. Pub. Inst. 2,200
3 R. R. Comm'rs 3,000
Librarian 1,500
Chief Justice 4,000
4 Asso. Justices 4,000
Senators, Representatives $550 per year
2 Dist. Judges 3,500
Pension Agent 4,000
4 Colls. Int. Rev. 2,500 to 4,500

Presidential P. O.

Burlington $3,000
Cedar Rapids 2,900
Clinton 2,400
Council Bluffs 2,800
Creston 2,300
Davenport 2,900
Des Moines 3,300
Dubuque 3,000
Iowa City 2,400
Keokuk 2,600
Le Mars 2,100
Marshalltown 2,500
Muscatine 2,400
Oakalsosa 2,400
Ottumwa 2,500
Sioux City 2,700
Waterloo 2,400
63 Offices, 2,000 to 1,500
52 Offices, 1,400 to 1,000

Manufacturing establishments are numerous, including canning factories, stove and other foundries, engine-building, paper and woolen mills, lumber and saw mills, etc.

Ranks first in hogs; second in milch cows, oxen and other cattle, corn, hay and oats; third in horses; fifth in barley and miles of railway: sixth in potatoes and rye; seventh in wheat and coal.

Pop., 1,753,980: male, 911,759; female, 842,221: native, 1,443,576; foreign, 310,404: white, 1,753,980; colored, 9,310; Chinese, 33; Indians, 466

State elections annual, Tuesday after second Monday In October, excepting years of presidential elections, when State congressional and presidential elections occur together; number Senators, 50; Representatives, 100; sessions of legislature biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting second Monday in January; limit of session, none; term of Senators, 4 yrs.; of Representatives, 2 yrs.

Number electoral votes, 13; number voters, 416,658. Idiots, insane and criminals excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 19: school pop., 604,739; school age, 5-21.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 10; usury forfeits 10 per cent. per year on amount. State has adopted prohibition. {141}

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{142}

MINNESOTA. Min'ne-s[=o]ta. "GOPHER STATE."

Named from the river; term of Indian origin, signifying "whitish or sky-colored water."

Explored by Hennepin and La Salle, 1680; Fort Snelling built 1819; organized as a Territory, 1849; admitted 1858.

Area, 83,365 square miles, extreme length, 380 miles; breadth near north line, 337 miles; near middle, 183 miles; and on the south line, 262 miles. Number counties, 80.

Temperature at St. Paul: winter, 11deg to 30deg; summer, 67deg to 74deg. Rainfall at Fort Snelling, 25 inches.

Pembina, port of entry on Red river. St. Paul, port of delivery and capital; population, 148,074. Minneapolis, metropolis and great commercial centre for lumber, wheat and flour; population, 147,810. Land offices at Taylor's Falls, Fergus Falls, Worthington, Redwood Falls, Benson and Duluth.

Number farms, 140,000; value per acre, cleared land, $20; woodland, $15. Total acreage of the State, 53,353,600; in farms, 16,000,000; in forests, 1,800,000.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $3,800
Lieut. Gov. 600
Sec'y of State 1,800
Treasurer 3,500
Auditor 3,000
Attorney Gen. 2,500
Supt. Pub. Ins. 2,500
Adjutant Gen. 1,500
Pub. Examiner 3,000
Ins. Comm'r 2,000
Com. Statistics 2,000
R. R. Commis'nr 3,000
State Librarian 2,000
Chief Justice 4,500
Senators, } $5 a day
Representatives } and 15c. mileage.
Dist. Judge 3,500

Presidential P. O.

Brainerd $2,000
Crookston 1,800
Duluth 2,500
Faribault 2,100
Fergus Falls 2,000
Mankato 2,200
Minneapolis 3,500
Morehead 1,800
Northfield 1,800
Red Wing 2,300
Rochester 2,200
Saint Cloud 1,900
Saint Paul 3,500
Stillwater 2,400
Winona 2,500
9 P.O. 1,700 to 1,500
14 " 1,400 to 1,200
10 " 1,100
4 " 1,000

Wheat the staple, and milling the great industry, giving employment to nearly 4,000 people. Capital invested in flour and grist mills, $21,000,000; value of products, $45,000,000. Corn crop, 1884, 28,630,000 bu., valued at $7,797,900; wheat, 50,117,481 bu., valued at $25,000,000; oats, 36,100,000 bu., valued at $7,220,000. Average value of corn, 1884, 33 cents; of wheat, 50 cents; of oats, 20 cents.

Ranks fourth in wheat and barley, sixth in hay, eighth in oats.

Dairy interest increasing in value; production of butter and cheese becoming one of great industries; latest reports give 19,223,835 lbs. butter; cheese, 975,329 lbs.

Population, 1,118,486: male, 605,551; female, 512,935: native, 733,320; foreign, 381,340: white, 1,115,358; colored, 1,814; Chinese, 99: Indians, 1,215.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 47; Representatives, 103; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting Tuesday after first Monday in January; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 7; number voters, 306,435; idiots, insane and convicts excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 5; school population, 400,000; school age, 5-21.

Legal interest rate, 7; by contract, 10; usury forfeits excess over 10 per cent. {143}

* * * * *

{144}

DAKOTA. Da-k[=o]'ta.

So called from a tribe of Indians of the same name.

First permanent white settlements made by Lord Selkirk at Pembina, 1812; organized as a Territory, 1861; first legislature at Yankton, March, 1862.

Area, 149,100 square miles; average length, 450 miles; breadth, 350 miles; ranks in size next to Texas and California. General elevation, 1,000 to 2,500 feet; Red river frontage, about 250 miles; the Missouri navigable throughout the Territory. Number counties, 136.

Temperature at Bismarck: winter, 4deg to 27deg; summer, 63deg to 71deg. Climate dry, and cold not so penetrating as in moister regions further east. Rainfall at Fort Randall, 17 inches; 73 per cent. of year's rain falls in spring and summer.

Fargo, the metropolis of Northern Dakota, an enterprising city, does a large business; has gas, electric lights, and street railway. Bismarck, capital, rapidly developing into an important business centre. Yankton, chief town of the south. Land offices at Fargo, Bismarck, Huron, Deadwood, Yankton, Mitchell, Aberdeen, Watertown and Grand Forks. Railway mileage, 1870, 65; 1884, 2,494. The Northern Pacific has a mileage of 375, crossing the northern central portion from Fargo through Bismarck in an almost direct westerly line through the Territory.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $2,600
Secr'y of Terri'y 1,800
Treasurer 2,000
Auditor 1,000
Supt. Pub. Inst. 1,500
Chief Justice 3,000
5 Asso. Justices 3,000
Senators, } $4 a day;
Representatives } mileage, 20c.
10 Indian Agents 1,000 to 2,200
Surveyor Gen. 2,500
Chief Clerk. 1,800
Chf. Draftsman 1,500
Assistant " 1,200
Col. Int. Rev. 2,750
4 Dep. Colls. 1,600

Presidential P. O.

Aberdeen $1,900
Bismarck 2,200
Deadwood 1,800
Fargo 2,700
Grafton 1,600
Grand Forks 2,300
Huron 2,300
Jamestown 2,000
Mitchell 1,700
Pierre 1,800
Sioux Falls 2,200
Wahpeton 1,600
Watertown 1,700
Yankton 1,900
5 Post Offices 1,500
5 " " 1,400
3 " " 1,300
16 " " 1,200 to 1,000

Finest wheat-growing country on the continent; corn crop, 1884, 13,950,000 bu.; oats, 11,812,000; wheat, 22,330,000 bu.; 2,800,000 bu. reported as freighted over Northern Pacific in four months of 1883, 76 per cent. being of best grade. Oats yield 50 to 75 bu. per acre; potatoes yield well and are of great size. Nutritious grasses at all seasons and abundant water offer remarkable advantages for stock raising; wool growing an important industry; climate especially favorable for sheep. Ranks fourth in gold, and ninth in silver; latest reported gold product, $4,123,081; mineral wealth centred in Black Hills; coal found in workable quantities west of the Missouri.

Population, 135,177 in 1880, with sufficient increase since then to entitle her to admission as a State: male, 82,296; female, 52,881; native, 83,382; foreign, 51,795; white, 133,147; colored, 401; Chinese, 238; Indians, 1,391.

Territorial, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 12; Representatives, 24; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting 2d Tuesday in January; limit session, 60 days; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each. Number voters, census 1880, 51,003.

Legal interest rate, 7; by contract, 12; usury forfeits excess. {145}

* * * * *

{146}

NEBRASKA. Ne-bras'ka.

Name first applied to the river, and is of Indian origin, signifying Shallow Water. Organized as a Territory, 1854; admitted 1867.

Area, 76,855 square miles; width, north and south, about 210 miles; greatest length in centre, about 420 miles. Platte, the principal river, extending through the State east and west. Number counties, 80.

Temperature at Omaha: winter, 20deg to 34deg; summer, 72deg to 78deg. Rainfall, Fort Kearney, 25 inches.

Omaha, U. S. port of delivery, principal city and commercial centre; population, 61,835. Lincoln, a thriving city, containing State University; population, 1870, 2,441, and 1885, 20,004. Population Plattsmouth, 5,796; of Nebraska City, 5,597.

Number farms, 63,387. Average value per acre, cleared land, $8.93; woodland, $25.85.

Corn crop, 1884, 122,100,000 bushels; wheat, 28,325,000 bushels; oats, 21,630,000 bushels. Rye, buckwheat, barley, flax and hemp yield abundant crops. Apples, pears, plums, grapes and berries are plentiful. Ranks eighth in corn and barley, and ninth in rye.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $2,500
Lieut. Gov. $6 a day
Sec'y of State 2,000
Aud'r Pub. Ac'ts 2,500
Attorney Gen. 2,000
Supt. Pub. Ins. 2,000
Sec'y Bd. Agr. 1,000
Com'r Pub. L'ds 2,000
Chief Justice 2,500
Senators, } $3 a day;
Representatives } mileage, 10 cents.
District Judge 3,500
Col. Int. Rev. 4,500
Surveyor Gen. 2,000
3 Indian Agents 1,200 to 1,600

Presidential P. O.

Beatrice $2,100
Columbus 1,700
Crete 1,700
Falls City 1,600
Fremont 2,200
Grand Island 1,900
Hastings 2,100
Kearney 2,000
Lincoln 2,900
Nebraska City 2,100
Norfolk 1,300
Omaha 3,300
Plattsmouth 1,800
Seward 1,700
Tecumseh 1,600
Wahoo 1,600
York 1,700
10 P.O. $1,500 & 1,400
24 P.O. 1,200 to 1,000

Herd law excellent, and grazing land good. Cattle raising the great industry of the State, next to agriculture.

Manufacturing establishments show a wonderful increase of from 670 in 1870 to 1,403 in 1880. Capital invested, $4,881,150; number hands employed, 4,773.

Homesteads obtained under timber claims or by pre-emptions; cash expense of first, $18 to $36; of second, $14. U.S. land offices at Dakota City, Norfolk, Grand Island, Lincoln, Beatrice, Bloomington and North Platte.

Population, 452,402: male, 249,241; female, 203,161; native, 354,988; foreign, 97,414; white, 449,764; colored, 2,385; Chinese, 18; Indians, 235.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 33; Representatives, 100; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Tuesday in January; limit of session, 40 days; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each. Number electoral votes, 5; number voters, 129,042. U.S. army, idiots and convicts excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 9; school population, 135,511; school age, 5-21.

Legal interest, 7; by contract, 10; usury forfeits interest and cost.

Railroad mileage, 1865, 122; 1885, 2,891. {147}

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{148}

KANSAS. K[)a]n'zas. "GARDEN OF THE WEST."

From Kansas river. Indian name, signifying "Smoky Water". Visited by Spaniards, 1541, and by French, 1719. Part of Louisiana purchase, and afterward of Indian Territory. Organized as a Territory, 1854. Admitted as a State, January, 1861.

Area, 82,080 square miles. Length, 400 miles; breadth, 200 miles. Geographical centre of United States, exclusive of Alaska. Missouri river frontage, 150 miles; largest rivers, Solomon, Neosho, Saline, Arkansas, Republican and Kansas. Number counties, 100.

Temperature at Leavenworth: summer, 74deg to 79deg; winter, 25deg to 35deg: rainfall, 81 inches.

Metropolis, Leavenworth; population, 29,268. Capital, Topeka; population, 23,499. State University at Lawrence; State asylums for insane and feeble-minded at Topeka and Osawatomie; institution for education of the blind, Wyandotte; for deaf-mutes, Olathe.

First railroad built, 1865; length, 40 miles. Railroad mileage, 1875, 2,150; Jan. 1, 1886, 4,888.

Number farms, 1860, 10,400; 1880, 138,561. Average value per acre, cultivated land, $11.82; woodland, $19.12. Peculiarly adapted for stock raising. Gain, per cent., in horses, for ten years, 138; cows, 149; mules, 1,040; other cattle, 203; sheep, 210; hogs, 132.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $3,000
Secretary of State 2,000
Treasurer 2,500
Auditor 2,000
Attorney Gen. 1,500
Supt. Pub. Inst. 2,000
Sec. Bd. of Agr. 2,000
Insurance Com. 2,500
3 R. R. Coms. 3,000
State Librarian 1,500
Chief Justice 3,000
2 Asso. Justices 3,000
Senator, } $3 pr. day
Representatives } mileage 15 cents.
District Judge 3,500
Pension Agent 4,000
Col. Int. Rev. 2,750
9 Deputy Collectors $1,650 to 400
Indian Agent 1,000

Presidential P. O.

Atchison $2,700
Emporia 2,500
Fort Scott 2,400
Lawrence 2,600
Leavenworth 2,800
Newton 2,000
Ottawa 2,100
Parsons 2,100
Salina 2,000
Topeka 3,100
Wellington 2,000
Wichita 2,400
Winfield 2,100
Wyandotte 2,400
78 Offices 1,900 to 1,000

Latest reported crop: castor beans, 765,143 bu.; cotton, 33,589 lbs.; flax, 622,256 bu.; hemp, 557,879 bu.; corn, 1884, 168,500,000 bu.; wheat, 34,990,000 bu.; oats, 27,419,000 bu.

Number hands employed in manufactories, 1860, 1,735; in 1870, 6,844; in 1880, 12,064. Net value of manufactured products increased 67 per cent. in first period, 95 per cent. in second.

Ranks fifth in cattle, corn and rye; seventh in hay, and ninth in hogs, horses, wheat and coal. Coal area, 17,500 square miles.

Population, 996,096: male, 536,667; female, 459,429; native, 886,010; foreign, 110,086; white, 952,155; colored, 43,107; Chinese, 19; Indians, 815. State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in Nov.; Senators, 40; Representatives, 125; sessions biennial, meeting second Tuesday in January in odd-numbered years; limit of session, 50 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 9; number voters, 265,714. Idiots, insane, convicts and rebels excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 8; number schoolhouses, over 5,000; school attendance, 69 per cent. of school population; school age, 5-21.

Legal interest, 7; by contract, 12; usury forfeits excess of interest. {149}

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{150}

INDIAN TERRITORY.

Portion of great Louisiana purchase set apart for home of peaceable Indian tribes; organized 1834.

Cut down to form States and Territories, leaving but 64,690 square miles, or 41,401,600 acres; nearly 26,000,000 acres being Indian reservations.

Length east and west on the north, 470 miles; breadth west of 100th meridian, 35 miles, and east of that line, about 210 miles. Reservations of Cherokees, 5,000,000 acres in north and northeast; Seminoles, 200,000 in east central; Creeks, 3,215,495 in east; Chickasaws, 4,377,600 in south; the Oklahoma country near centre. Principal rivers, Arkansas and Red. Number nations, agencies and reservations, 22.

Temperature at Fort Gibson: winter, 35deg to 48deg: summer, 77deg to 82deg. Rainfall in extreme northwest, 20 inches, and at Fort Gibson, 36 inches.

Most important town, and capital of Cherokees, Tahlequah. Railroad mileage, 372. Capital of Chickasaws, Tishomingo; of Choctaws, Tushkahoma; of Creeks, Muscogee; of Osages, Pawhuska; of Seminoles, Seminole Agency; of Pawnees, Pawnee Agency; of Kiowas and Comanches, Kiowa and Comanche Agency.

Indian Agencies.

ARAPAHOE.
Agent $900

CHEYENNE.
Agent $2,200
Physician 1,200

KAW.
Superintend't $1,600
Physician 1,200

KIOWA AND COMANCHE.
Agent $1,000
Physician 1,000

OAKLAND.
Superintend't. $1,000
8 Teachers 600

OSAGE.
Agent $1,600
Physician 1,200

OTOE.
Agent $1,500
Physician 1,000

PAWNEE.
Clerk $1,200
Physician 1,000

PONCA.
Superinden't $1,200
Clerk 720

QUAPAW.
Agent $1,500
Physician 1,200

SAC AND FOX.
Agent $1,200
2 Physicians 1,000

Corn, wheat, tobacco, cotton and potatoes yield luxuriantly. Number horses, January, 1883, 125 per cent. of previous year; mules, 110 per cent.; hogs, 80 per cent.; milch cows, 85 per cent.; number sheep, 55,000, at average value of $2; oxen and other cattle, January, 1884, 520,000, valued at $8,840,000.

Stringent laws to protect from encroachments by whites. They can hold land only by marrying into one of the tribes. Recent official reports give Indian population about 80,000: Cherokees, 20,000; Choctaws, 16,500; Creeks, 14,500; Chickasaws, 7,000; Seminoles, 2,500; Osages, 2,390; Cheyennes, 3,298; Arapahoes, 2,676; Kiowas, 1,120; Pawnees, 1,438; Comanches, 1,475.

No Territorial government has as yet been organized, owing to differences in the views of Congress and the tribes. For each agency, a deputy is appointed by the President to represent the United States, but each tribe manages its own internal affairs. Most of the tribes governed by chiefs.

Of first five tribes, 33,650 can read, and have 16,200 houses, 195 schools, and 6,250 pupils. Expended from tribal funds for educational purposes, $156,856; from government appropriations for freedmen, $3,500. {151}

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{152}

COLORADO. Kol-o-rah'do. "CENTENNIAL STATE."

Part of Louisiana purchase of 1803. First explored by Vasquez Coronado under the Spanish, 1540. First expedition sent out by United States Government, under Major Pike, 1806; a second under command of Col. S.H. Long, 1820, and in 1842-44, Gen. John C. Fremont made his celebrated trip across the Rocky Mountains. First settlements made by miners, 1858-9; formed from parts of Kansas, Nebraska, Utah and New Mexico; organized as a Territory, February, 1851; admitted August 1, 1876.

Area, 103,925 square miles; length, 380 miles; breadth, 280 miles; principal rivers, North and South Platte, Arkansas, Snake, White and Green. Number counties, 40. Temperature at Denver: winter, 25deg to 37deg; summer, 72deg to 74deg. Rainfall of the State from 15 to 20 inches, falling mostly between May and July.

Five United States land districts, with offices at Denver, Pueblo, Fairplay, Lake City and Central City. Denver, capital and metropolis, and contains assay office; pop., 54,308; Leadville, 10,925; Silver Cliffs, 900; Colorado Springs, 4,563. State University at Boulder; Agricultural College at Fort Collins; School of Mines at Golden City.

Richest State in the Union in mineral productions, ranking first in silver, and fourth in gold.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $5,000
Lieut. Gov. 1,000
Sec'y of State 3,000
Treasurer 3,000
Auditor 2,500
Attorney Gen. 2,000
Chief Justice 5,000
2 Asso. Justices 5,000
Senators, } $4 pr. day,
Representatives } mileage 15 cents.
District Judge 3,500
Col. Int. Rev. 2,875
Surveyor Gen. 2,500
Ute Indian Agt. 1,400

DENVER MINT.

Assay'r in Chg. $2,500

Presidential P. O.

Boulder $1,900
Canon City 1,600
Central City 1,700
Colorado Spgs. 2,400
Denver 3,400
Durango 1,700
Fort Collins 1,700
Georgetown 1,700
Golden 1,600
Greeley 1,800
Gunnison 1,900
Leadville 2,800
Pueblo 2,400
Salida 1,600
Silverton 1,800
South Pueblo 2,200
Trinidad 1,800
17 Offices 1,600 to 1,000

Corn crop, 1884, 710,000 bushels; wheat, 2,348,000 bushels; oats, 1,516,000 bushels; 1,209,000 bushels produced 1883, the yield being 29.3 bushels per acre; hay, 114,505 tons, valued at $1,545,818. Cattle raising a safe and profitable business; sheep husbandry still more profitable; latest reported estimate gives 815,674 cattle, 1,248,360 sheep and 12,342 swine.

Population, 243,910: male, 144,781; female, 99,129: native, 192,568; foreign, 51,342: white, 239,585; colored, 3,262; Chinese, 861; Indians, 202.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 26: Representatives, 49; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday in January; limit of session, 40 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.