Chapter XXXII: Appendix

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I.--MEASUREMENTS OF THE AINU BODY, AND DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERS.

The following measurements were taken on five men and five women of the pure Ainu of Frishikobets (Upper Tokachi River). They were carefully chosen among the best types.

The names of the men were:--

1. Unacharo: _Una_, ashes; _charo_, sprinkled = "Sprinkled-ashes."

2. Aba pukuro: _Aba_, a relation; _pu_, storehouse; _kuro_, a man = "Related to the man of the storehouse."

3. Pe chantwe; _Pe_, undrinkable water; _chan_, to run away; _we_, to tell = "Who ran to tell of the undrinkable water."

4. Kosankeyan: _Ko san_, to go down; _ke_, eating; _yan_, cold.

5. Yei Ainu: _Yei_, dangerous; _Ainu_, Ainu.

The following were the names of the women:--

1. Usattean: _Usat_, cinders; _tean_, long.

2. Korunke: _Korun_, ice; _ke_, to eat = "Ice-eater."

3. Sho kem: _Sho_, so; _kem_, blood = "Covered with blood."

4. Uina mon: _Uina or Una_, ashes; _mon_, tranquil.

5. Reoback: _Re_, three; _oback_, to burst = "Who burst three times."

HEIGHT.
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 61 } 1. 58-3/4 }
2. 65 } 2. 59-7/8 }
3. 60-1/2 } Med. 62-19/40 3. 59-1/2 } Med. 58-3/8
4. 64-7/8 } 4. 54-5/8 }
5. 61 } 5. 59-1/8 }

LENGTH FROM TIP TO TIP OF FINGERS WITH ARMS
OUTSTRETCHED.
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 64-5/8 } 1. 59-1/8 }
2. 65 } 2. 62-1/2 }
3. 63-1/2 } Med. 65-3/8. 3. 62-1/2 } Med. 61-13/40.
4. 69-1/2 } 4. 60 }
5. 64-1/4 } 5. 62-1/2 }

It is interesting to notice the great difference between the height and this latter measurement, showing the great length of the arms in the Ainu race.

THE HUMERUS.
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 9 } 1. 8-1/2 }
2. 9-5/8 } 2. 8-3/4 }
3. 8-1/2 } Med. 9-9/40. 3. 10-3/8 } Med. 9-19/40.
4. 9 } 4. 9-3/4 }
5. 10 } 5. 10 }

THE ARM.

THE ULNA.
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 9-1/4 } 1. 9-1/4 }
2. 10-3/4 } 2. 9-1/8 }
3. 9-1/8 } Med. 9-37/40. 3. 8-7/8 } Med. 9-1/4.
4. 11 } 4. 9-3/8 }
5. 9-1/2 } 5. 9-5/8 }

THE HAND.
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 7-3/8 } 1. 6-7/8 }
2. 7-1/2 } 2. 7 }
3. 7-1/4 } Med. 7-2/5. 3. 6-7/8 } Med. 6-9/10.
4. 7-7/8 } 4. 6-3/4 }
5. 7 } 5. 7 }

THE SPINE (dorsal and lumbar vertebræ to the sacrum).
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 25-1/2 } 1. 27 }
2. 28-5/8 } 2. 26-3/4 }
3. 27-1/2 } Med. 27-4/5. 3. 28-1/4 } Med. 27-5/8.
4. 29-5/8 } 4. 27 }
5. 27-3/4 } 5. 29-1/8 }

THE LEG (Femur, Tibia and Foot.)
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 34-3/8 } 1. 32-7/8 }
2. 36-1/4 } 2. 35-1/2 }
3. 32-1/2 } Med. 35-1/20. 3. 34 } Med. 33-13/20.
4. 37-7/8 } 4. 30-1/2 }
5. 34-1/4 } 5. 35-3/8 }

FEMUR.
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 17-1/2 } 1. 18-3/8 }
2. 18-3/8 } 2. 19-7/8 }
3. 17-1/8 } Med. 18-5/8. 3. 18-1/2 } Med. 17-33/40.
4. 20 } 4. 14 }
5. 20-1/8 } 5. 18-3/8 }

TIBIA.
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 14 } 1. 14-1/4 }
2. 14-7/8 } 2. 13 }
3. 12-5/8 } Med. 13-1/2. 3. 13-1/2 } Med. 13-4/5.
4. 14-7/8 } 4. 14 }
5. 11-1/8 } 5. 14-1/4 }
(The Tibia is very flattened with the Ainu.)

TARSUS (from ground to Ankle).
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 2-3/4 } 1. 2 }
2. 3 } 2. 2-5/8 }
3. 3 } Med. 3. 3. 2 } Med. 2-3/8.
4. 3-1/4 } 4. 2-1/2 }
5. 3 } 5. 2-3/4 }

CHEST (from Arm-pit to Arm-pit).
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 13-1/2 } 1. 12-5/8 }
2. 13-5/8 } 2. 14-1/4 }
3. 13-1/2 } Med. 13-19/40. 3. 14-1/4 } Med. 13-7/20.
4. 13 } 4. 12-1/4 }
5. 13-3/4 } 5. 13-3/8 }

AROUND CHEST.
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 36-1/2 } 1. 33-3/8 }
2. 35-3/8 } 2. 34-1/2 }
3. 37-1/2 } Med. 37-3/40. 3. 35-1/2 } Med. 34-1/5.
4. 37-5/8 } 4. 32-7/8 }
5. 38-1/8 } 5. 34-3/4 }

AROUND WAIST.
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 33 } 1. 28-3/8 }
2. 37 } 2. 31-1/2 }
3. 34 } Med. 34-7/10. 3. 34-7/8 } Med. 31-7/20.
4. 36 } 4. 31 }
5. 33-1/2 } 5. (37-5/8 but was conceived.)

MAXIMUM BREADTH OF SHOULDERS.
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 19-1/4 } 1. 15-1/2 }
2. 16 } 2. 13-5/8 }
3. 18 } Med. 17-1/2. 3. 13-7/8 } Med. 14-2/5.
4. 18 } 4. 13-7/8 }
5. 16-1/4 } 5. 15-1/8 }

THE FOOT.
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 9-1/4 } 1. 8-5/8 }
2. 9-5/8 } 2. 9-1/8 }
3. 9-1/2 } Med. 9-23/40. 3. 9-1/8 } Med. 8-4/5.
4. 10-1/4 } 4. 8-1/4 }
5. 9-1/4 } 5. 8-7/8 }

THE HEAD
(around the Head, just above the Ears).
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 23-1/2 } 1. 23-3/8 }
2. 23-1/2 } 2. 22-5/8 }
3. 24-3/8 } Med. 23-3/4. 3. 23-5/8 } Med. 22-29/40.
4. 22-3/8 } 4. 22 }
5. 23-1/8 } 5. 23 }

LENGTH OF FACE.
(From Hair to Chin.)
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 7-1/2 } 1. 7-1/4 }
2. 9 } 2. 6-3/4 }
3. 7-1/2 } Med. 7-31/40. 3. 6-3/4 } Med. 6-7/8.
4. 6-7/8 } 4. 7 }
5. 8 } 5. 6-5/8 }

WIDTH OF FACE FROM EAR TO EAR
(over Forehead and Cheek Bones).
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 11-7/8 } 1. 11-1/8 }
2. 12-1/2 } 2. 11 }
3. 12 } Med. 11-19/20. 3. 11-3/4 } Med. 11-21/40.
4. 12 } 4. 11-7/8 }
5. 12-1/8 } 5. 11-1/8 }

HEIGHT OF FOREHEAD.
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 2-1/4 } 1. 2-1/4 }
2. 2-7/8 } 2. 1-3/4 }
3. 2-3/8 } Med. 2-2/5. 3. 2-1/8 } Med. 2.
4. 2 } 4. 2 }
5. 2-3/4 } 5. 1-7/8 }

WIDTH OF FOREHEAD.
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 5 } 1. 6 }
2. 5-1/4 } 2. 5-1/2 }
3. 5-1/2 } Med. 5-1/5. 3. 5 } Med. 5-3/8.
4. 5-3/4 } 4. 4-7/8 }
5. 6 } 5. 5-1/2 }

LENGTH OF EARS.
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 3 } 1. 2-3/8 }
2. 3-1/4 } 2. 2-3/8 }
3. 2-3/4 } Med. 2-23/40. 3. 2-3/4 } Med. 2-23/40.
4. 2-1/2 } 4. 2-7/8 }
5. 2-5/8 } 5. 2-1/2 }

LENGTH OF FINGERS.
MEN. WOMEN.
inches. inches.
1. 3-1/8 } 1. 3 }
2. 3-3/8 } 2. 3 }
3. 3 } Med. 3-9/40. 3. 3 } Med. 2-39/40.
4. 3-5/8 } 4. 2-7/8 }
5. 3 } 5. 3 }

(_a_) Colour of skin (in parts not exposed to air)--light reddish
slightly tending towards brown, but almost as light as with
Europeans.

(_b_) Colour of hair--black, dark-brown, reddish-black, red.

(_c_) Colour of eyes--light-brown tending towards dark-grey.

(_d_) Character of hair--wavy.

(_e_) Amount of hair--abundant on face and all over the body in
males more so than in females.

MEASUREMENTS OF SHIKOTAN AINU.

The skin and eyes are the same colour as with the Yezo Ainu. The hair is black, dark-red, or dark-brown. Black is the prevalent colour. Children often have fair hair, which grows darker as they grow older. The hair is abundant over body and face, and it is wavy.

The face possesses the identical characteristics of the Yezo Ainu.

Medium height: 61 inches to 62-3/4 inches.
Round waist: 32-7/8 inches.
Chest: Empty, 35-7/8 inches; inflated, 37-1/2 inches.
Humerus: 11-7/8 inches.
Ulna: 8-11/16 inches.
Hand: 6-3/4 inches.
Foot: 9-1/2 inches.
Spinal vertebræ: 24 inches.
Scapula (from shoulder to shoulder): 17 inches.
Between shoulder-blades: 5-7/8 inches.
Femur: short.
Tibia: very long.
(Natives objected to have their legs measured.)
The Tibia is much rounder than with the Yezo Ainu.
Length of face: 7-1/2 inches.
Width of face from ear to ear: 11-1/8 inches.
Round head above ears: 21-5/8 inches.
Ears: small.
Forehead: 2-3/8 inches high; 5-1/4 inches wide.

With arms outstretched and from tip to tip of fingers the Shikotan Ainu measure generally the length of one hand (about 6-3/4 inches) more than their own height. Consumption, _kaki_, and syphilis are common complaints among them.

II.--GLOSSARY OF AINU WORDS, MANY OF WHICH ARE FOUND IN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES IN YEZO AND THE KURILE ISLANDS.[43]

[43] The vowels to be pronounced as in Italian.

A = (a suffix).
Apa = an open space, a doorway.
Aikap = impossible, impassable.
Ambe = that is.
An = to be.
Aota = near.
Apta = rain.
Apun = gently.
At = a tree.
Atsu = barren, naked.

Bets, or pets, pet = river.
Be, or pe = pestilential water.
But, or put = mouth of a river.

Cha = old.
Cha cha = very old.
Chip = fish.
Chippe = a canoe, a boat.
Chup = the sun.

Erimu = a rat.
Etoko = formerly, in front of.
Etu = a cape.

Fu = bare.
Fun = green.
Fure = red (also pronounced Hure).
Frishiko = old.

Haru = grass.
Hattara = a deep pool in a watercourse.
Hure = a bad smell.
Hure = red.

I = a suffix for "a place."
Ibe = to feed.
Ichan = a canal made by salmon in river-beds to lay their, spawn.
Ikam = against.
Iwa = stone, a rock.
Itapk = word, story.
Iwashi (Japanese) = sardine.
Iwao = sulphur.

Kama = cliffs, rocks, to go over.
Kamui = great, wonderful, ancient.
Kap = bark of a tree.
Kara = to take, to make.
Kashi = towards.
Kerimba = a berry.
Kene = an alder tree.
Kem = blood.
Kenashi = a meadow.
Keshup = head.
Kesh = towards the west.
Ki = rushes.
Kim = mountain.
Kinna = mat.
Kinna = reeds.
Kinna = grass.
Kiri = to know.
Kitai = mountain.
Koi = the waves of the sea.
Kochi = level.
Kombo = sea-weed.
Koro = to possess, to have.
Kotan = a village, a place.
Kotcha = in front of.
Ku = a bow.
Kuano = straight.
Kume = black, very dark.
Kuru, or guru = a person.

Ma = to swim, deep.
Mak = behind.
Makta = away.
Mata = winter.
Meak = female.
Mean = cold.
Mo = tranquil.
Mon = small, tranquil.
Mom = to flow like a river.
Moire = slow.
Moi = a bay, a sheltered bend in a river where the water is quiet.
Moshiri, or mushir = island, country, place, land.
Moshiri Kes = the east.
Moshitte-chu-pok = north.
Moshiri pok = west.
Moshitte-chu-pka = south.
Mun = grass.

Na = again.
Na = bigger, or smaller (also sign of comparative).
Nai, or Nae = a rivulet, a small stream.
Nai yau = a tributary stream.
Nak = where.
Nam = cold, as water, as ice.
Naoak = yet more shallow.
Ne = together, where, and, also, which, &c.
Neatka = also, again.
Nen = who.
Neto = where.
Ni = wood, or tree.
Nikam = leaves of a tree.
Nibeshi = name of a tree (probably _Tilia_).
Nikap = bark of a tree.
Nipek = a fire, a flame.
Nisei = valley.
Nisusu = scenery, panorama, view.
Nitat = swampy ground, a swamp, a lagoon.
Nitai = a forest.
Nitt = a thorn.
Nitek = branches of trees.
Nituman = trunk of a tree.
Nobori = mountain.
No = (meaningless ending of words).
Noshike = middle.
Noshihike = half.
Nupka = a forest.
Nup = a treeless plain.
Nup = a deep silent pool in a river.
Nuburi = mountain.
Nupuru = turbid (as water).
Nupuri = a mountain (volcano).
Nutap = the projecting part of a river bend.

O = a meaningless prefix, sometimes used as an adjective.
Oara = one.
Oboso = to pass through (as water).
Oak = shallow--not deep.
Oha = empty.
Ohoho = deep.
Okai = at a place.
Okai = a male.
Okari = around.
Oakau = to hide.
Oakan = a male.
Omanne = to go.
Oma = to be inside.
Onne = large, old, great.
Opattek = a volcanic eruption.
Opeka = straight.
Oro = to be in.
Oropak = as far as.
Oshima = to go in.
Oshimak = behind.
Ota = sand.
Otaru = sandy.
Opke = a spear.
Ot = in, inside, into.
Oya = another.
Oushike = a place.
Oyapk = away, abroad.
Oyapk moshiri = away, country (foreign country).

Pa = smoke.
Pa = east-end of villages.
Pai = bushes.
Pakne = as far as.
Panke = lower.
Paru = the mouth.
Pase = heavy.
Patek = only.
Pe = pestilential water, bad water, not good to drink.
Pei = something.
Pene = inland.
Pet, pets, bets = river.
Pet bena = source of a river.
Pet samo = bank of a river.
Petsamata = by the side of a river.
Pet put = the mouth of a river.
Pet-urara = a stream.
Pet yao = an affluent.
Pet-ka-shu = to wade a river.
Penke = upper.
Pinni = ash-tree.
Pinne = male.
Piuta = sand (coarse).
Pipa = a spring of fresh water.
Pira = a bank, a cliff.
Piri = a wound.
Pirika = pretty, good, well, all-right.
Pishita = sea-beach.
Pita = to untie, to undo.
Pitara = a dry place in a river-bed.
Po = a small thing.
Pon = small.
Poi-shuma = pebbles, stones.
Poka = only.
Popke = hot, steaming (also Topke).
Poro = large.
Pui = a hole.
Puri = natural, very, usual.
Put, Putu (corrupted into Buto by the Japanese) = the mouth of a river.

Rai = death.
Rakka = seal.
Rahuru = a fog.
Ram = low.
Ran = to descend (a mountain).
Rangu = a kind of tree.
Rarumani = a kind of tree (_Taxus cuspidata_).
Re = three.
Repun = to go, in the sea, surrounded by water.
Repun moshiri = an island.
Rera = wind.
Retara = white.
Ri = high.
Rikkin = to ascend.
Riri = a wave.
Riri-shiye-tuye = ebb tide.
Riri-ya = flow tide.
Roru = at the head.
Ru = a road, a track, a pathway
Rui = to burn.
Rukoppe = where roads cross.
Rui = great, big.
Rubeshipe = a ravine.
Rupne = large.

Sapk = summer.
Sak = without.
Sama = by the side of.
San = to descend.
Sara, Saru = a grassy plain.
Sat = dry.
Sattek = shallow water.
Sesek = hot.
Seta = dog.
Shep = broad.
Shi = high.
Shibe = autumn salmon.
Shiki = a kind of tall grass.
Shiko = a view, a sight.
Shimon = on the right-hand side.
Shimoye = to shake, to move.
Shenai = a large river.
Shirari = a cliff, mass of loose texture.
Shirau = a horse-fly.
Shiretu = a cape.
Shiri = land.
Shiruturu = a small island in a river.
Sho = so.
Shoi = a hole.
Shum = foam.
Shuma = a stone.
So = a waterfall.
Shupun = a kind of fish.
Shusu = a willow tree.

Ta = to, towards, to take, to cut.
Taanni = on this side.
Taksep = a rock.
Tapne = short.
Tanne = long.
Tap kop = an isolated hill.
Tat = Birch-tree (_Betula_).
To, or ko = a lake, a swamp.
Toambe = that.
Toi = earth.
Tokap = day, light.
Tomari = a harbour, a sheltered place.
Top = scrub bamboo.
Tope = _Acer_--a kind of tree.
Tukara, also Tokari = sea-otter.
Tunni = _Quercus dentata_.
Tureshi = to ascend.
Turep = a plant, the roots of which are eaten by the Ainu.

U = a suffix to indicate a place.
Uhui, also Ouye = a fire.
Uhui nobori = a volcano.
Un = a particle denoting that something is to be found at a place.
Upas = snow.
Ush = a bay.
Ush = a gulf.
Ush = a locative particle.
Uta = a master.
Utka = the rapids of a river.

Wa = from.
Wakka = water.
Wen = bad.

Ya = land.
Yai = danger.
Yaikap = awkward.
Yam = cold, a chestnut.
Yuk = a deer.
Yutta = greatest.

INDEX.

Abashiri, 81, 92, 137-139, 161, 184.

Abashiri Lagoon, 138, 139.

Abnormalities, 267.

Abortion, 296.

Abstinence from food and drink, 238, 239.

Abus, 48.

Adultery, 295.

Adzes (stone), 78, 79.

Affection, 272.

Affirmation, 234.

Age of the Ainu, 271.

Agriculture, 62.

Ahunkanitte, 210.

Aikap, Cape, 177.

Ainu bits, 110.
capacity for drink, 23.
conclusion, an, 27.
diet, 24.
dirt, 27.
gentleness, 17.
good-nature, 27.
implements, 86.
legends, 28, 29.
names on Nippon, 94.
names, 298.
Paganini, 258.
pronunciation, 112.
village, 74.
way of approaching huts, 171.

Airup, Cape, 176.

Akangawa, 75.

Akkeshi, 80, 102-104, 106, 139.

Akkeshi bay, 104, 105.
lagoon, 103.

Albinism, 268.

Aleutian Islands, 94.

Aleuts, 91.

Alexandrovitch, 127.

Amida, 204.

Ancestral attachment, 216.

Anchors, 39.

Anchorages, 112, 129, 142, 167, 168, 174, 194, 203.

Angotsuro, 7.

Apa-otki (door-mat), 211.

Aputa, 5, 10.

Archæology, 77.

Architecture, 207.

Arms, 243.

Arrows, 216.

Arrow-heads (flint), 78, 79.

Art, 218-220, 227, 228.

Artist, 69.

Arundinaria, 5, 23.

Asiatic Society of Japan, 89, 290.

Assap River, 203.

Attacked by the Ainu, 13-15.

Attitudes, 241.

At-pets, River, 35.

Atzis-robe, 213, 246, 247, 252.

Atzosa Volcano, 130.

Atzta, 176, 177.

Australia, 102.

Australian blacks, 159, 228.

Authority of chiefs, 267.

Awomori, 93.

Backbone of Yezo, 63, 122.

Bakkai, 168.

Baldness, 104, 232, 269.

Bamboo arrow-points, 79.

Barabuta, 202, 203.

Baratte, 188.

Barter, 216, 249.

Basha, 3, 12, 195, 198, 202.

Batchelor, Rev. I., 59, 83, 87, 88.

Bathing, 76.

Battles, 81, 86, 93.

Beaches, 73.

Bears, 44, 51, 56, 61, 65, 66, 85, 101, 131, 142, 147, 159, 214.

Bear (descent from the), 281.
hunting, 272.
(ill-usage of), 282.
skins, 245.
skull trophy, 286.

Beliefs compared, 288.

Bending of watercourses, 165.

Benke, Cape, 194, 195.

Benry, 23, 26, 27, 30-34, 260, 283, 286.

Benten Island, 204.

Bentenjima (Nemuro), 80, 115.

Bento, 3, 4.

Beppo, 65.

Betoya, 129.

Bettobu, 82, 130.
Bay, 129, 130.

Birvase, 112.

Bitskai, 133.

Bone arrow-point, 81, 82.
carvings, 222.
setting, 176.

Bonzes, 197, 198, 283.

Bowls, 209, 225.

Bows and arrows, 223, 225.

Buddhists, 283.

Buddhist shrine, 283.

Burial, 225, 227, 284.

Cancer, 174.

Cannibalism, 59.

Canoes, 37-39, 90, 177.

Carrying children, 238.
weights and burdens, 238.

Castes, 266.

Castle, 204.

Caucasian races, 236, 238.

Chanting, 113, 258.

Charcoal in pits, 81.

Charms, 288.

Chevrons, 221.

Child-bearing, 296.

Children of Kurile Islands, 129.

Chimney, 23.

Chiefs at a festival, 30, 31.

Chief's crown, 250.
tomb, 226.

Chieftainship, 266.

Chietomamai, 163.

China, 26.

Chinese, 276.
idea, 77.
sea, 163.

Chisei-kara-inao, 286.

Cholera, 184.

Choruses, 256, 264.

Christians, 12, 127, 128, 156, 289.

Christian minister, 198.
virtues, 269.

Chukbets, 173.

Chuppets, River, 183.

Chuskin Island, 162.

Cisango, 203.

Civilisation, 58, 59, 65, 216, 217, 288, 297.

Clothes, 2, 3, 60, 190, 245, 250.
and boots, 2, 3, 95, 96, 202, 246, 247.

Coal, 75, 174, 205.
field, 75.
mines, 183, 185.
trains, 186.
trucks, 76.

Coins, 151.

Colonial militia, 188, 189.

Colonisation scheme, 185.

Colonists, 74, 115, 116.

Comparisons, 229.

Compass, 53.

Concert, 263, 264.

Conservatism, 216.

Consul, 206.

Consumption, 128, 174, 179, 296, 304.

Convicts (Japanese), 102, 184-186.

Copper, 122.

Coptic Church, 127, 128.

Corea, 26, 174.

Creator, 281, 285.

Criminals, 269.

Crosses, 268, 269.

Crows, 35, 46.
attacking a pony, 146.
(familiarity of), 149.
(multitude of), 5.

Cruelty to children, 292.

Currents, 48, 139, 143, 161, 163, 165, 169.

Cutaneous diseases, 42.

Daikuku Island, 11.

Daikuku and Kodaikuku Islands, 105.

Daimio, 204.

Dancing, 264, 265.

Darwin's theory of evolution, 280.

Deer-skin coat, 245.

Degeneration of the race, 297.

Deluge, the, 29.

Descriptive characters of Yezo Ainu (Appendix), 298, 303.
of Shikotan Ainu (Appendix), 303, 304.

Designs, 221, 227.

Dew, 53.

Dirt, 88, 128.

Divinities, 282.

Divorce, 295.

Dogs (wild), 154, 159.

Drainage area of Ishikari River, 181, 182.

Dress of Kurilsky Ainu, 126, 127.

Drift-ice, 161.
logs, 48, 169.
sand, 139, 142, 170.

Drinking vessels, 215, 223.

Drunkenness, 17, 32, 291.

Dug-outs, 5, 63, 64, 92, 170, 183.

Dwarfs, 251.

Dying out of the race, 296.

Eagles, 142, 152, 153, 214.

Ear-rings, 6, 249.

Ears, 230, 303, 304.

Eclipses, 234.

Education, 266.

Egyptian cross, 227.

Election of chief, 10, 266.

Elephantiasis, 143.

Embroideries, 180, 246, 247.

Emperor's palace, 183.

Enamelling, 222.

Endogamy, 295.

Entogroul, 164.

Eramachi, 204.

Erimo Cape, 19, 42-44, 73, 80.

Esan Volcano, 4, 198, 200, 201.

Esashi, 162, 202, 203.

Esquimaux, 84, 85, 91.

Ethnologists, 263.

Etiquette, 31, 211, 212.

Etorofu, 80, 82, 88, 91, 123, 129, 131, 132.

European comforts, 158.
dinner, 69, 119.

Eyelashes, 231, 279.

Face, 229, 230, 232, 302, 304.
(width of), 302, 304.

Factories, 187, 192.

Falsetto voice, 257.

Family rows, 293.

Farming region, 187.

Fasting, 53.

Ferry, 178, 181.

Ferry-boat, 103.

Finger-rings, 249.

Fingers, 303.

Fish diet, 42.
manure, 41.

Fishermen, 39, 103, 142, 163, 174, 192, 193, 199.

Fishermen's huts, 20.

Fishing, 53, 64, 130, 224.
nets, 60.
villages, 203.

Fire, 193, 209.

Fleas, etc., 26, 212.

Flies--black flies and horseflies, 45, 66, 212.

Flint implements, 78, 79.
knives, 78, 79.

Flirting (curious way of), 141.

Folk-lores, 259.

Footprints, 159, 160, 161.
of Ainu, 160, 161.
of Japanese, 160, 161.
of bears, 47.

Forest, 101, 135, 161.

Forts, 77, 81, 82, 141.

Foxes, 102, 126, 131, 142, 214.

Frishikobets village, 58, 61, 65, 252.

Fujiama, 161, 167.

Fukushima, 205.

Funa, 3.

Funerals, 227.

Furembets river, 171.

Furimbé, 199.

Furniture, 208.

Furubets, 130.

Future legend, 155, 156.

Fylfot, 227.

Geology, 21.

Geometrical patterns, 221.

Geyser, 100.

Girdles, 250.

Girls (Ainu), 157.
(Japanese) shown in cages, 117.

Glossary of Ainu words, 304-311.

God, 281, 282.

Gokibira, 177.

Graphic signs, 218.

Grass, 21, 52, 62.

Graves, 221, 223, 225-227.

Graveyard, 128, 180, 225, 227.

Guechas, or singers, 116, 117.

Gun-practice, 199.

Habits and customs of pit-dwellers, 91.

Hakodate, 11, 78, 90, 93, 104, 112, 199, 201.

Hakodate Bay, 1, 2, 205.
Bund, 1.
Head, 1.
Isthmus, 2.
Peak, 1, 2, 201.

Hair, 231, 250, 251.

Hairiness, 85, 88, 142, 145.

Half-breeds, 34, 39, 47, 268, 270.
castes, 7, 93, 109, 111, 196, 229, 269, 275, 282.
(photographs of Japanese half-castes), 263.
frontal bone, 270.
skull, 270.
animal propensities, 270.
bumps, 270.
age, 270.
rheumatism, leprosy and kaki, 270.

Hamboro, 173.

Hammanaka, 112, 113.

Hanasaki, 114.

Hand-clapping, 264.

Hando, 193.

Haraguchi, 203.

Harbours (want of), 74.
and anchorages, 75, 104, 115, 116, 124, 125, 165, 202, 204.

Harpoons, 224.

Harutori Lagoon, 75-77, 82.

Hattaushi, 113.

Head, 229, 302, 304.
(muscular power), 241.

Heaven and hell, 290.

Henson (Mr.), 2, 202.

Hera, or netting-mesh, 223.

Herrings, 104, 115, 134, 166, 173, 203.

High-days, 289.

High-land, 73, 104, 111.

History, 218.

Hokkaido, 11, 122, 123.

Hokkaido-cho, 187.

Hondemura, 102.

Horanaho or Rausu Volcano, 131.

Horse-breeding, 115.

Horse-farm, 35.

Horsemen (Ainu), 108.

Horse-racing, 237.

Horobets, 12, 234, 272.
Ainu, 17.

Horohuts, 20.

Horoizumi, 41, 43, 44, 52.

Hoshi or leggings, 247.

Hospitality, 291.

Hostilities, 147.

Hunger, 45, 52, 199.

Hungry dogs, 7.

Hunting, 126.

Hurupira, Mount, 193.

Hut building, 207.
burning, 123, 212, 213.

Huts, 5, 8, 24, 35, 56, 58, 76, 81, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 96, 99, 104,
111, 125, 128, 157, 158, 170, 171, 180, 207, 210-212.

Hypnotism, 191.

Ice, 85.

Ichibishinai (Etorofu), 122.

Idyll, 139, 140.

Idzumizawa, 205.

Igiani, 135.

Ikahasonets Cape, 130.

Ikuru, 173.

Ikusum River, 185.

Imi (garments), 25.

Imotsuto, 129.

Imprisonment, 292.

Improvisators, 259.

Inao, 31, 214, 224, 286-288.
in shape of a doll, 287.
making, 240.
netuba, 286.

Infanticides, 291.

Inflammation of the eyes, 279.

Inomata Yoshitaro, 68-72.

Insanity and idiocy, 266.
in half-castes, 270.

Instincts, 158, 159, 216, 282.

Intermarriage, 60, 196, 267.
with Japanese, 5.

Iris, 231, 279.

Iron, 122.

Irrigation, 63.

Ishikari, 84, 176.
river, 169, 178, 179, 181-183, 191, 275.
(course of), 182.
Ainu, 179, 183, 184, 219, 226, 250.
village, 180.

Ishikishiri penitentiary, 185.

Ishisaki, 203.

Isoya, 193, 198.
(Motto Isoya, Shimakotan, Isoya), 193.

Italy, 287.

Iwanai, 193.

Iwaonobori, 193, 200.

Iwa Rocks, 47, 49.

Iyomanrei, 30.

Jacko (chief of Shikotan Ainu), 127.

Japan, 26.
Daily Mail, 189.

Japanese customs, 5.

Japanese adoption of Ainu language and ways, 112, 113.
clothes, 245, 246.
Empire, 122, 123.
government, 96, 103, 114, 123, 179, 187, 188.
hero, 283, 284.
parliament, 190.
politeness, 36, 69.
settlers, 2.
songs, 257.
villages, 50.
woman's toilette, 117, 118.

Jealousy, 234, 235, 294.

Jew's harp, 258.

Jockeys, 33.

Jungle, 51-53, 66.

Kaki, 174, 202, 241, 304.

Kakumi, 198, 199.

Kamida Maru (wreck of), 179.

Kamikawa, 183, 184.
(population of), 184.

Kamiiro, 205.

Kaminokumi, 203.

Kammakappe, 209.

Kamschatka, 91, 122, 123, 153, 297.

Kamui or Kamoi, 285, 286, 290.

Kamuieto Cape, 174.

Kamuikotan, 286.
rapids, 183.

Kamui Mount, 193.

_Kando_ and _Teine-pokna-moshiri_, 290.

Karibayama, 193.

Kawamura, 192, 193.

Kawata Tera, 253.

Kenashpa, 65.

Kikonai, 205.

Kimonos, 2.

Kinna (mats), 209, 225.

Kinney, 61.

Kiritap, 106, 112.

Kitchen-middens, 92.

Knife-blades, 216.

Knives, 13, 219, 220, 223-225, 272.

Kofikan, 187.

Komagatake Volcano, 3, 4, 197, 200.

Komuki lagoon, 142.

Ko-numa, 3.

Koshima, 204.

Kotan-kara-kamui, 285.

Kudo, 203.

Kumaishi, 203.

Kunashiri, 80, 88, 91, 123, 131, 132.

Kunnui, 197.

Kurile Islands, 78, 80, 87-89, 92, 121, 122, 131, 132, 190, 201,
231, 282, 297.

Kurile Islands (trade of), 115.

Kurilsky Ainu, 87-90, 94, 123-128, 180, 213, 251, 268.

Kuromatsunai, 195.

Kuro-shiwo, or Japan current, 48, 165, 169.

Kushiro, 74-77, 81, 82, 91, 95-97, 104, 190.

Kutambets, 178.

Kutcharo lake, 84, 85, 98-101, 137, 207, 286.
river, 74, 75, 80, 82, 95, 96, 101, 207.

Lagoons, 139, 142, 163, 170.

Language, 59, 283, 291.

La Perouse Strait, 131, 161, 164, 169.

Laws, 273, 291.

Laws of marriage, 293.

Legends, 28, 29, 260.

Legend
: Abe-ten-rui, 261.
: Inu-sapk, 261.
: Kimta-na, 261.
: Tushi-une-pan, 260.

Leprosy, 42, 54.

Letters, 201, 202.

Libations, 289.

Life-boat, 168.

Lighting, 135.

Lines, 227.

Lopatka Cape, 123.

Lunatics, 61, 146-149.

Machinery, 187, 216.

Madwoman, 54, 55.

Makkarinupuri (Volcano), 200.

Malaise, 46.

Malarial fever, 174.

Manners, 242.

Map-drawing, 218.

Marks (owner's), 218.

Masatomari, 195.

Mashe (fish), 173.

Mashike, 174.
Mount, 174-176.

Maternal love, 155.

Mat-making, 211.

Matrons, 265.

Matsumai, 203-205.

Meals, 170, 171.

Measurements of Yezo Ainu body (Appendix), 298-302.

Measurements of Shikotan Ainu (Appendix), 303, 304.

Measurements of Ainu with arms outstretched, 299, 304.

Memuro-puto, 61.

Menoko (girls), 32.

Metallurgy, 216.

Metempsychosis, 284.

Mice and rats, 213.

Migratory people, 91.
population, 173, 174.

Milne (Prof.), 89.

Missionaries, 28, 29, 59, 155, 156, 285, 290.

Mitsuashi River, 39.

Mocassins, 60, 127.
and boots, 247.

Model farm, 187, 188.

Mohechi, 205.

Moi, 176.

Mombets, 5, 11.

Momonai, 192.

Mongolian, 129, 230.
type, 179.

Monuments, 226.

Morality, 269, 290, 295.

Mori, 4, 196, 197, 200.

Moroi, 178.

Mororran, 5, 19, 196.
(Shin-, and Kiu-), 11.

Mortality, 123, 128, 296, 297.

Mourning, 227.

Moustache lifter, 23, 208, 220, 221, 289.

Moustache tattooed, 252, 254.

Movements and attitudes, 239.

Moyoro or Biru, 47.

Moyorotake or Bear Bay, 129.

Mukawa, 20, 21.

Musemes, 1.

Music, 255.
of Ainu, 255.
of Westerns, 255.
as a cure of illness, 261.
Chromatic intervals, 258, 259.
diabolical, 262.
Diatonic minor scale, 258.
education in, 257.
to facilitate manual labour, 262.
feeling in, 255.
fondness for, 257.
imitation of noises in, 257.
key note, 259.
loud, 263.
melody, 259.
metre, 261.
modulations, 255.
modulations in tunes, 258, 259.
passion in, 255.
personality in, 260.
rhythmical effects in, 255, 258.
rhythmical method, 259.
sad, 264.
suggestions of animal sounds in, 261.
teaching of, 260.

temperamental characteristics in, 263.
transformation of a theme, 260.
vocal, 256.

Musical instruments, 257, 258.
memory, 257.
notation, 255.
strings, 257.

Myopy, 279.

Nagayama, Governor of the Hokkaido, 192.

Naibo, 130.

Naye, 185.

Nayosami Hill, 183.

Necklaces and earrings, 60, 249.

Nemuro, 114-116, 118, 119, 121, 133, 161.

Neptka, 204.

Nigori River, 197.

Nii-pak-pets, River, 35.

Nippon, 92, 93, 104.

Nishibets, 133.

Nitumap, 61.

Nobori-bets village, 18.
Volcano, 18, 19.

Noshafo Cape, 73, 114, 115, 161.

Nossyap Cape, 167, 168.
Peninsula, 167, 168.

Notoro Cape, 130.
Lake, 139.

Notski Peninsula, 133.

Nusa, 214, 286.

Oak, 21.

Oakan and Moyokan, 98, 135.

Oakan River, 99.

Obishiro, 58.

Obune, 198, 199.

Odour, 276.

Odour of Europeans, 276.
of women, 276, 277.

Oitoi, 130.

Okashi-nae Mountain, 177.

Okos, 43.

Okushiri Island, 203.

Omangus, 146-150.

Onekotan, 123.

Onembets, 129.

Onishika, 173, 174.

Onnetto Lagoon, 116.
River, 116, 133.

Ono-numa, 3.

Opoto Lake, 137.

Oputateishike Mountain-mass, 63.

Oputs, 48.

Orang-outang, 146.

Ornamentations, 218-220.

Osaru River, 11.

Oshamambe, 193, 196, 197.

Oshima Island, 203, 204.
province, 4.

Oshoro, 192.

Osman Pasha, 164.

Ota Cape, 203.

Otaru, 20, 191.

Otaussi-nai Village, 185.

Otatsube, 199.

Otchishi, 113, 114.

Otkoshk sea, 123, 131, 133, 135, 143.

Otopke Mount, 63, 64.

Otoshibe River, 197.

Otoyebukets, 183.

Otsu, 48, 50, 51, 68, 73.

Otsugawa River, 50.

Ottoinnai, 61.

Owls, 102.

Oyama Iwao (Count), Minister of State for War, 189.

Oysters, 104, 113, 139.

Pack-saddles, 17, 18, 237.

Paddle (Hera), 208.

Para-puta, 195.

Paro-mushir, 123, 126.

Pasture-land, 107.

Pehambe-ushi River, 103.

Pekoatnit, 210.

Pensatsunai, 58.

Perohune, 48.

Pestilence, 61.

Physiognomy, 230.

Physiological observations, 274.

Pico Strait, 131.

Piegawa River, 183.

Pipes, etc., 223.

Piratori, 22, 30, 248, 253, 260, 261, 264, 275, 283, 284.
Valley, 33.

Pit-dwellers (Koro-pok-kuru), 77-80, 83-87, 90, 92, 104, 114, 125,
130, 251.

Pit-dwellers' implements, 190.

Pits, 77-84, 88-94, 114, 130, 141.

Plateau, 63.
like peninsula, 114.

Poisoned arrows, 223, 224.

Polygamy, 294.

Polytheists, 281, 285, 290.

Pombets, 65.

Ponies, 3, 21, 65, 66, 138.

Pon-machi (small wife), 28, 294.

Pontoo, 122, 131.

Pooley, Mr., 206.

Population, 294.

Porobets River, 162.

Poronai, 157, 161, 183-186.
coal-mines, 191.

Poro-machi (great wife), 28, 294.

Poro-nam-bets River, 41.

Poro-usa, 209.

Posturing, 264.

Pottery, 80, 86, 215.

Poverty of the Ainu, 5.
of blood, 296.

Prayers, 289.

Prehistoric man, 242.

Progeny of mixed marriages, 268.

Provisions, 3, 211.

Publications on the Ainu, 229.

Pulse-beat, 275.

Pumice, 5, 21, 73.

Punishments, 291.

Purokenashpa, 65.

Quarrels, 292.

Quicksands, 139, 169, 170.

Quicksand River, 157.

Quiver, 224, 225.

Rags, 247.

Rahush Mount (Kunashiri), 122.

Rain, 3, 135, 193, 197, 200.

Raishats, 179, 226.

Rattler (H.M.S.), 165.

Recitative, 256.

Reeds and rushes, 51, 57, 62, 66, 67, 90.

Reefs, 123, 194.

Relations, 296.

Religion, 283.

Religious ideas, 281.
race, 198.

Repun, 10.

Repunshiri, 167, 168.

Resurrection of the body, 284, 290.

Reversed coil, 222.

Rheumatism, 128, 174, 241.

Rhyme, 261.

Riding, 17, 237.
bareback, 243.

Riruran, 107, 108, 111.

Rishiri Island, 167, 168.

Rivers,
peculiarity in, 135.
troublesome, 151.

Roasting hook, 211.

Robinson Crusoe, 133.

Rocks, 41, 111, 163.

Roofs, 207.

Rubeshibe River, 183.

Rubets, 83, 130, 135.

Rumoi, 174.

Russia, 88, 122.
exchange with, 179.

Russian Bible, 127.
convicts, 142, 143, 165.
cruiser, Crisorok, 168.
régime, 127.

Sacrilege, 200.

Sadness, 232, 297.

Saint Andrew's Cross, 227.

Sake, 17, 23, 24, 31.

Sakhalin or Krafto, 88, 92, 93, 122, 142, 161, 165, 297.

Sakhalin Ainu, 179.

Salaams, 7, 23.

Salutation, Ainu, 6, 128, 256.

Salmon, 130, 131, 133, 134, 173.

Salmon, dried, 211.

Salmon-fishing, 63, 64, 182.

Salmon-trout, 130.

Sandals, 248.

Sappro, 20, 91, 186, 187-191.

Sardine fishing, 19, 20, 41, 47, 48.

Saru-buto, 20.

Saru district, climate of, 84.

Sarubuts, 163.

Saruffo-Ko Lagoon, 111, 114.

Saruma Lagoon, 81, 139, 142, 162.

Saru-Mombets, 20, 21, 34, 35.

Saru River, 22, 58, 207, 286.
Ainu, 260.

Saruru, 44, 46, 47, 157.

Satsuma, 92.

Satsumai and Ghifzan, 63.

Satsuma Maru, 1, 206.

Savage dance, 32.

Savage Landor, 158.

Savages, 159.

Sawaki, 161.

Scenery, 41, 46, 100, 111, 114, 129, 135, 162, 176, 192, 193.

Scitzo, 193-195.

Sea-birds, 48, 105, 138, 151, 152.

Se-Cherippe Lagoon, 104.

Seal-fishery, 104.

Seals, 126, 131, 139, 161.

Sea-trout, 170.

Sea-weed, 41, 47, 104, 113, 115.

Sensation, 14.

Sense
of hearing, 278-280.
of sight, 278, 279.
of smell, 276.
of taste, 278.
of touch, 277.

Sensitiveness, 277.
of lips, tongue, hands, fingers, lumbar region, etc., 278.

Sexual love, 296.

Shakotan, 176.
Cape, 191.
Peninsula, 192, 193.

Shama-ne, 39-41.

Shame and disgust, 233.

Shamesen, 258.

Shana, 131.

Shanoi, 162.

Shari, 80, 92, 135-137, 240.

Shari-Mombets, 142, 143.

Shaubets, 70, 73, 74.

Shell-heaps, 81, 92, 104.

Shibe-gari-pets, 35, 37.

Shibetcha, 96, 97, 99, 101-104.

Shibets, 134, 135.

Shibumotzunai Lagoon, 142.

Shikarubets Otchirsh, 61-64.

Shikotan, 123-129, 207, 231.
Ainu, 87, 88.
Island, 88, 89.

Shimokebo, 35-37.

Shimushir, 88-90, 123, 126.

Shina, 60.

Shiofuki, 203.

Shirakami Cape, 205.

Shiranuka, 74, 75.

Shiraoi, 19.

Shiretoko Cape, 122, 135.
Peninsula, 135, 138.

Shiribeshi Province, 4.

Shiribets, 193.

Shirikishinai, 201.

Shirin Lake, 96.

Shiriuchi, 205.

Shoals and reefs, 104.

Shooting rapids, 183-185.

Shorui-washi, 64.

Shoulders, 301, 304.

Shoya, 44-47.

Shrine, 199, 200.

Siberian coast, 153.

Siliusi lighthouse, 163.

Skin, 276.
colour of, 230.
eruptions, 6, 296.

Skull trophy, 214.

Sleep, 275.

Sleeping, 244.

Slyness, 234, 235.

Smoke, 211.
black, 252.

Snow, 84, 85, 115, 197.
and glaciers, 165.
sandals, 60.

Singing, 256.

Sitting, 243.

Soldiers, 102, 103.

Songs, 255, 256.

Sorachi river, 183, 185.

Soshi, 75.

Soul, 284.

Soya Cape, 42, 80, 81, 92, 163, 165, 167.

Spain, 287.

Spears, 224.

Speculation, 90, 91.

Spezia, Gulf of, 41.

Spiders, 45.

Spoons, 215.

Spruces, 104.

Stackhouse, 215.

Statistics, 212.

Stealing, 53, 57, 181, 272.

Steeplechase, 66.

Stone (peculiar), 168.
images, 204.

Storehouses, 23, 26, 137, 138, 161, 173, 180, 213, 247.

Storeys, 208.

Storm, 135, 136, 197.

Strength, 238.

Struggle, 40.

Submerged crater, 125.

Submission, 16, 273.

Suicides, 291.

Sulkiness, 234.

Sulphur, 97, 104, 122, 130, 131, 138, 190, 200.

Sulphur beds, 97, 98.
mine, 97.

Supernaturalism, 284.

Superstition, 17, 289.

Swamps, 65.

Swearing, 289.

Swift rivers, 41.

Sword-hilts (Japanese), 250.

Sydney Smith's position, 111.

Symbols, 219.

Sympathy, 52, 191.

Taikki (fleas), 56.

Tailor's sign-post, 191.

Takae village, 35.

Takigawa, 185.

Takkobe Lake, 96.

Tapkara (a savage dance), 32.

Tarbouches, 164.

Tartary, Gulf of, 153.

Tarsus, 300.

Tarumai Volcano, 201.

Tattoos, 6, 137, 142, 179, 227, 232, 251-253, 293.
(colour of), 254.
(legend on), 251, 252.

Tattooing (process of), 252.

Tattooed women, 99.

Tcharo-bets, 75.

Tcha-tcha-nobori Volcano, 131.

Tchiota, 56.

Tears, 233.

Teeth of half-castes, 269.

Temper, 65, 233, 294.

Tendo Achillis, 241.

Tent, 3.

Terra del Fuegians, 228.

Terror, 154.

Teshio coast, 176.
River, 168-170, 174.

Tetcha or Tetchkanga, 100, 101.

Teuri, 171.

Thatching, 208.

Theft, 291.

Thiaske Tarra, 238.

Thousand Islands, or Chishima, 123.

Thread-winding, 240.

Tibia, 88, 300, 304.

Tide-rips, 131.

Tobuts, 80, 139, 141, 253.

Tobuts Lake, 48, 137.

Todohotke, 200.

Toi, 201.

Tokachi, 84.
Ainu, 99, 248-250, 253.
district, 274.
region, 114.
River, 50, 58, 59, 61-66, 73, 169, 207, 214, 271.

Tokio, 115.

Tokri-moi, 11.

Tokumatz Kuroda, 192.

Tomamai, 173, 174.

Tomakomai, 19, 20, 269.

Tombets River, 163.

Tombs, 181.

Tonden, or military settlement 102, 103, 114, 183, 188.

Tones, 222.

Toreador, in Carmen, 263.

Torii (emblems), 204.

Tori Lake, 96.

Totemism, 281, 282.

To'tori, 75.

Toshibets River, 65.

Toya Lake, 10, 11, 200.

Toyohira River, 183.

Toyoshira Valley, 187.

Trackers (Ainu), 109.

Tracking, 159-161.

Tradition, 218.

Transmission of diseases, 266.
of images to the brain, 279.

Travellers (foreign), 263.

Tree-dwellers of India, 228.

Trees, 129, 130, 135, 137, 161, 162, 166, 198.

Triangles, 221.

Tribes, 88, 267.

Trovatore, 257.

Tukoro, 139.

Tunnel, 39, 41, 174.

Tunnui-puto, 65.

Turkish ship (wreck of), 163.

Tsiriju Mount, 130.

Tsugaru Strait, 93, 193.

Types, 229.

Typhoon, 164, 174.

Ubahu, 37, 39.

Uhui Cape, 174.

Ukorra, 10.

Ulmus Campestris, 26, 245, 246.
Campestris bark, 210.
Campestris fibre, 267.

Ulna, 299, 303.

Uparpenai, 61.

Urahoro River, 73.

Urakawa, 39, 40.

Urapets River, 39.

Uriugawa River, 183.

Urup, 88, 123, 126, 131.

Usa, 209.

Ushoro, 193.

Uso, 5.

Uso Volcano, 11, 200.

Utarop Rocks, 43.

Usushiri, 198.

Vegetation, 131.

Villages, Ainu, 5, 22.

Vines, 60.

Virginity, 250.

Virility, 253.

Volcanic nature, 5.
formation, 37, 122, 129, 162, 167, 168, 192, 205.
mass, 4.
zone, 130.

Volcano, 130.

Volcano Bay, 5, 58, 193, 195, 197, 286.
Ainu, 6, 248, 274.

Volcanoes, 131.

Wadamanai, 168, 169.

Wakkanai, 167, 168.

War-clubs, 10, 223.

Washibets, 14.

Washing, 28.

Watanabe Masaru, 58, 64, 65.

Waterfalls, 11, 41, 74, 194.

Water-soup, 4.

Weaving, 210.

Wembets, 135.

Wembets River, 171.

Westerns, 255.

Whales' bones, 145, 161, 169.

Wife, 294, 295.
(great wife), 34.
(second), 294.

Winter, 161.
garments, 60, 145.

Witches, 287, 288.

Wolves, 101.

Women, 136, 137, 142, 232, 236, 249, 252, 253, 294.

Women standing, 242.
and children at a festival, 31.
(burial of), 225.
feeding bears, 59.
suckling bear cubs, 214.

Women's graves, 226.

Wood-carving, 219.

Wooden blade, carved, 226.
bowls, 8.
panels, 2.

Wrecks, 42, 43, 162, 163, 165, 168-170, 179.

Written language, 259.

Worship, 281, 283, 284.

Yagoshi Cape, 205.

Yamakubiro, 56, 63, 271.

Yamakushinai, 197.

Yammakka, 56, 57, 61, 65, 66.

Yangeshiri, 171.

Yassuchi, 142.
Lagoon, 142.

Yezo, 297.

Yoichi, 192, 193.

Yoshioka village, 205.

Yoshitsune or Okikurumi, 260, 261, 283, 284. (Also see Hero, Japanese.)

Yubaridake, 122.

Yubets, 142.
River, 141.

Yuhuts, 20.

Yurap, 197.

Yurapdake Mount, 4.

Yuto Lake, 48.

Yuzan Volcano, 97, 98, 101, 104.

Zenzai lakes, 3.

LONDON: PRINTED BY WM. CLOWES AND SONS, LTD., STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.

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| |
| Transcriber's Notes |
| |
| The following changes have been made to the text. |
| |
| |Page |Original |Changed to |Context | |
| |53 |do |no |doorways have no doors. | |
| |305 |2/8 |1/4 |5-1/4 inches wide | |
| |
| Some words occur in both hyphenated and unhyphenated forms |
| in the text. |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

End of Project Gutenberg's Alone with the Hairy Ainu, by A. H. Savage Landor

Comments

Alone with the Hairy AinuChapter XXXII: Appendix

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