An Account of the Diseases which were most frequent in the British military hospitals in Germany

Chapter VII: Letter I: received from the Gentleman whose Care I left him (1)

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under, I understood he had a Relapse, which he has since got
the better of.

I forgot to inform you, that his Father died of the same
Complaints, after being six Months without secreting a Drop
of Urine; and his Brother died of the same in about ten
Weeks.

Where it depended on Strictures of the Urethra, Bougies introduced into that Passage, and worn for some Time, were of great Service. The Patients were at the same time ordered to live on a cool Diet, and to drink the _decoctum Arabicum_, or an Infusion of Linseed, or such other mild mucilaginous Liquors; and to take oily Medicines and Opiates occasionally, and gentle Laxatives, to keep the Body open; which Method of Treatment generally gave Relief. Where the Patients were plethoric, or complained of Pain, or the Disorder was attended with a Fever, Bleeding was often necessary.

When the Stoppage of Urine seemed to arise from an Inflammation of the Kidneys or Bladder, or other Diseases of these Parts, we treated it accordingly; and where the Fever was considerable, we made Evacuations, and gave plenty of diluting Liquors, and the cooling saline Medicines, and afterwards those of the soft, mucilaginous, and oily Nature, and mild Diuretics and Opiates.

When the Disorder, in its Progress, became chronical, the Sick were commonly sent down to the fixed Hospital, so that we had no Opportunity of examining the Bodies of such as might die of this Complaint.

OF THE EPILEPSY.

The Epilepsy, or Falling Sickness, attacked a Number of Men, from the severe Duty of long Marches in hot Weather, and afterwards lying out on the cold Ground, exposed to the Damps of the Night[98].

[98] I saw above twenty Men, while I was in _Germany_, who
attributed the Epileptic Fits they were attacked with to
these Causes, and said they had never had the Epilepsy
before; besides others, who had been formerly subject to
these Fits, who declared, that the Disorder was brought back
by the same Means.

It was very seldom that Men were cured of this Disorder in the military Hospitals. We had some few Instances, indeed, where Relief seemed to be obtained by Rest, a regular Diet, gentle Evacuations, and Issues[99]; but even those Men generally relapsed as soon as they were sent to their Regiments, and began to do Duty. All who had these Fits after being some Time with their Regiments, were at last discharged, and sent home. However, before Men are discharged for Fits, they should be watched very narrowly for some Time; for there is no Disorder which Soldiers are more apt to counterfeit than this.

[99] _William Wilson_, a Boy fourteen Years of Age, was
admitted into _St. George_'s Hospital, _Sept._ 20, 1758, for
Epileptic Fits, which he had been subject to for some Time,
and which generally seized him three or four Times a Week. He
took Variety of Medicines without any Effect till the 6th of
_November_, when I ordered him to take eight Grains of the
_pilulæ foetidæ_ Morning and Evening, and Physic twice a Week,
and a Seton to be made in his Neck. After the Seton began to
run, he had but three or four slight Fits in _November_, and
none the following Month; and he was discharged the Hospital
the 3d of _January_ 1759, seemingly in good Health, with
Directions to keep the Seton running at least for some Months
after he went home, and to come again to the Hospital if he
should have any Return of his Fits; but we never heard more
of him.

_Mary Hacket_, a Girl of nineteen Years of Age, was admitted
into _St. George_'s Hospital the 14th of _February_ 1759, for
Fits. The Account she gave of her Case, was, that about five
Years before she was seized with the first Fit, after a
Fright; three Years afterwards she had a second Fit, and for
some Time after had a Fit commonly once a Month, about the
Time of the full Moon; and since had them more frequently;
that the Fits began with a Trembling and Shaking of the right
Foot, and she had frequent pricking Pains in the right Thigh,
and what she called convulsive Tremors in the right Leg and
Foot. She was regular in her menstrual Discharge. At the Time
she came into the Hospital, she was feverish, and complained
much of a sharp Pain in the right Thigh: She was blooded, and
took some cooling Medicine, and had no Fit till the 9th of
_March_: She then took the fetid Pills and camphorated Julep
twice a Day; but still the Fits returned frequently. She then
had the Bark, Valerian and Purging Doses successively, and
used the warm Bath; but without any Effect. On the 7th of
_May_ a Blister was applied to her right Foot, which was
intended to be kept open; but an Inflammation coming on that
Leg and Foot, it was suffered to dry up, and an Issue made in
the same Leg. From the Time the Blister was applied, she had
no Fit while she remained in the Hospital. She was discharged
the 15th of _July_, seemingly in good Health; though during
that Period she had some little Tremors in her Foot, and was
subject to be low and faintish, which was always relieved by
cordial anodyne Medicines. After going out of the Hospital,
she remained in good Health for seven or eight Months, when I
was told her Disease had returned as violent as ever.

It is no Wonder that Soldiers, during the Time of Service, should seldom be cured of these Fits; for in Adults it is not often cured even in private Practice, with all the Conveniencies and Advantages to be wished for; and generally the few that do get well, require a considerable Length of Time to accomplish the Cure; and we find from daily Experience, as well as from examining the Records of Medicine, that the Cures that have been made, have mostly been performed either by a Change of Air, such as going from a cold to a hot Climate[100], by some remarkable Change of Life[101], or some accidental Disorder;[102] or by Issues or Drains[103]; or by the Removal of some acrid or irritating Substance, or such like[104]; or by preventing the Cause[105]; and that those Medicines called Specifics have in general had but little Share in the Cure.

[100] _Hippocrates_ lays the chief Stress of the Cure upon
Change of Air, Aphor. 4, 5, sect. ii. The Baron _Van Swieten_
says, he has known a great Number cured by going to the _East
Indies_; many of whom have remained well ever after, while
others had a Return of the Disorder when they came back to
_Holland_. _Comment._ vol. III. p. 436. sect. 1080.

[101] _Celsus_ has long ago observed, that the Appearance of
the Menses in Girls, and of Puberty in Boys, often removes
this Disorder, lib. iii. cap. xxiii.--On the 22d of
_November_ 1758, _Mary Evans_, a Girl of eighteen Years of
Age, was admitted into _St. George_'s Hospital for Fits. She
had never had the Menstrua; but, for above two Years, found
regularly, once a Month, a Fulness in her Breasts, and had a
slight Head Ach, and other Symptoms which generally precede
this Discharge; and were succeeded with violent Epileptic
Fits, which continued returning frequently for two or three
Days, and then went off; and she had no more Symptoms of
them, till about the same Time next Month. She was ordered to
take ten Grains of the _pilulæ foetidæ_ Morning and Evening,
and a Dose of Physic twice a Week; and as I found that she
became plethoric near the Time her Fits used to return, I
began to imagine, that both the Fits and Stoppage of the
Menstrua were owing to too great a Fullness of the Vessels,
which prevented the Heart and vascular System from having
such free Play, as to drive the Blood through the extreme
uterine Vessels: I therefore ordered seven Ounces of Blood to
be taken away from her immediately. In three Days Time the
menstrual Discharge began to make its Appearance; and on the
10th of _January_ she was discharged the Hospital, seemingly
in good Health, after the menstrual Discharge had returned
for two regular Periods, without any Appearance of Epileptic
Fits. She was desired to come back to the Hospital, if the
Fits returned; but I never heard more of her.

[102] _William Glen_, a Patient in the _Royal Infirmary_ at
_Edinburgh_ in _September_ 1747, was freed from Epileptic
Fits, which used to return ten or twelve Times a Day, for a
Quarter of a Year, by a Diarrhoea coming on; but they
afterwards returned.

_A Man_ subject to the Epilepsy was cured of it by a Quartan
Ague, and had afterwards no Return of the Disorder. _Miscell.
Curios. Dec. 3. Ann. 3._ p. 34.

[103] There are numerous Instances of the good Effects of
Issues and Drains in diverse Authors. _Tulpius_, _Van
Swieten_, &c.

[104] _La Motte_ gives one Instance of a Person being cured
of the Epilepsy by voiding five Stones, _Chirurg._ vol. II.
p. 20; and of another who died of the Fits from a triangular
Stone remaining in the Kidneys, _ibid._ p. 416. Dr. _Short_
cured a Woman of an Epilepsy of twelve Years standing, by
extirpating a cartilagenous Substance, about the Bigness of a
large Pea, seated on the gastronemei Muscles, above a Nerve
which he cut asunder. _Edin. Medic. Essays_, vol. IV. Art.
27.

[105] _Galen_, tells us, of his having prevented the
Epileptic Fits in a Boy, who used to have one whenever he was
hungry, by making him carry Bread in his Pocket, and eat a
little as soon as he found the least Symptoms of Hunger. _De
Loc. Affect._ lib. v. cap. vi.--And _Van Swieten_ mentions
how he cured a Boy, who had a Fit every full Moon; whose
under Lip used to fall a Trembling before it began (a Symptom
which, he says, often precedes Vomiting); by giving a Vomit
every Month, for six Months successively, three Days before
the full Moon, and an Opiate in the Evening after its
Operation; and by putting him under a Course of strengthening
Medicines. It was observeable, that if he vomited in the Time
of the Paroxysm, it was soon at an End. See his _Comment._
vol. III. p. 439. sect. 1050.

OF THE SMALL-POX.

The Small-Pox appeared at _Paderborn_ in the Spring 1761, and five had the distinct Kind, who recovered. Six or seven had them at _Osnabruck_ in _May_ and _June_, and one Man and a Child died of the confluent Kind. Four had the distinct Kind at _Munster_ in _July_ and _August_ who all did well. During the Winter, we had sixteen in the Hospital I attended at _Bremen_; ten had the distinct Kind, and all recovered; five had the confluent Kind, of whom two died; as did also one who was brought to the Hospital with all the Symptoms of the most malignant Kind. Two were sent to _Natzungen_ in _July_, both ill of the confluent Kind; the one died two Hours after his Arrival; the other recovered: And we had only two in the Hospital at _Osnabruck_ in Winter 1762-63, and both did well.

There was nothing particular either in the Course or Treatment of this Disorder, different from what we meet with in daily Practice; only as the Soldiers, who were attacked with it, were strong, and in full Health, they required Bleeding and gentle Evacuations, and a cooling Regimen, on the first Appearance of the Symptoms.

The malignant Kind required the Use of Acids, and the Bark; which last, could often only be administered by Way of Clyster, as the Sick could not swallow it: In short, we treated the Patients much in the same Way as in the malignant Fever, Allowance only being made for the present Circumstances.

Luckily this Disorder never spread much in the Army, while I was in _Germany_.

OF ERISYPILATOUS SWELLINGS.

In _January_ 1762, several Patients in the Hospitals I had the Care of at _Bremen_, had shining watery Swellings of the Face, or Extremities; which came suddenly, and were attended with a slight Degree of Inflammation, and watery Blisters rising above the Skin, and some Degree of Fever. The Blisters were not small, round, and angry, as in _St. Antony_'s Fire; but larger, and of an irregular Figure, resembling those raised when People are scalded by boiling Water. The Swellings did not pit on being pressed, as the oedematous Swellings commonly do: They gave Pain when pressed, but the Inflammation was not in that high Degree as it is in the common Phlegmon: The Blood was sizy, and the Water of a high Colour. The Disorder seemed to be a Species of the Erisypelas.

Between the 9th and 12th of _January_, three Patients were seized with such Swellings.

The first was a Dragoon, who had just recovered from a Flux, and a bad Cough. On the 9th, he was suddenly seized in the Night with a large Swelling of his Face, Hands, and Arms, which had a shining oedematous Appearance, with a small Degree of Redness, and was painful when pressed; and he had two or three watery Blisters rose on the Back of each Hand above the Division of the Fingers, attended with a quick full Pulse, a feverish Heat and Thirst, a Cough, and somewhat of a Difficulty of Breathing, and high-coloured Water; and he was inclined to be costive. He was immediately blooded, had a saline Mixture with Contrayerva and Nitre, and was ordered to take a Purge in the Morning. Next Day the Blood had thrown up an inflammatory Buff, the Fever was abated, and the Breathing easier; but the Cough and Swelling still remained. He then took a Julep made of equal Parts of the Saline and Sperma Ceti Mixtures, which eased the Cough. The fourth Day the Pulse was soft, and the Swellings still in the same Situation, and the Breathing a little affected. A large Blister was applied to his Back, which discharged plentifully, relieved the Breathing, and lessened the Swellings considerably. The Cough and some Degree of Swelling still remained; but were removed by the Use of the Sperma Ceti Mixture with Oxymel, gentle Opiates, and some Doses of Physic.

The second was a Man of the Twentieth Regiment of Foot, who had been some Months in the Hospital for a hectic Complaint; he was taken ill, the same Night as the Dragoon, with a Swelling of his whole Face, particularly the Lips, which had a shining watery Appearance, and a slight Degree of Redness, attended with a strong Fever; and was cured by Bleeding, Purging, the Use of the saline Medicines, and the Application of a Blister.

The third was an Invalid, who had been admitted for a pleuritic Complaint, which he had got the better of. He was attacked, the second Night after the other two, with a shineing, watery, reddish Swelling, of his right Hand and Arm, up as far as the Joint of the Shoulder; four large watery Bladders likewise appeared on the fore Part of his Arm, above the Joint of the Elbow. Bleeding, with the cooling Medicines, and two Doses of Salts, carried off the Fever, and lessened the Swelling, in about seven Days Time; but a little of it, with a Stiffness, still remained; which at last was removed by the Use of aromatic Fomentations, rubbing with the _linimentum saponaceum_, and taking two Doses of Physic.

Within less than a Fortnight, five or six more were seized with Swellings of the same Kind on some of the Extremities, and all got well by nearly the same Treatment; excepting one Man, who was in a very low State, and had a large deep Ulcer on his Hip, where there had been a Mortification from his lying on that Part in a Fever. The Swelling at first seemed to give Way; but on the third or fourth Day, having got a severe Cough, the Swelling increased, and the Inflammation began to look livid, and the Discharge from the Sore to look bad; and, notwithstanding various Means were used, a Mortification of the Part came on, and he died the seventh Day.

OF THE SCURVY.

The true Scurvy, attended with spungy fetid Gums of a livid Colour, with livid Blotches, and Ulcers of the Legs, and other Symptoms, began to shew itself at _Bremen_ in _January_ 1762; tho' we had not the least Appearance of this Disorder in the Hospitals at any other Place, while I was with the Troops in _Germany_.

A great Variety of Disorders have been called by the Name of Scurvy: and the Disease has been divided into hot and cold; into the Acid, the Alcaline; and the Muriatic, according to the different Fancies of Authors, and the Causes they imagined it took its Rise from; but, from later and more accurate Observations, Dr. _Lind_ has justly remarked, that the true Scurvy has been found to be the same in all the different Parts of the Globe, and to take its Rise from similar Causes; from Cold and Moisture, and living much upon salted Provisions, joined to a Want of fresh Vegetables, and of good generous fermented Liquors; and hence it is most frequent in low marshy Places in northern Climates, where there is a Scarcity of fresh Vegetables; and where the Inhabitants live much upon salted Provisions in Winter; and aboard of Ships in long Voyages or Cruizes, especially in the northern Seas; and hence this Disorder was so frequent at _Quebec_ the first Winter it was in our Possession; and in some of the other Forts in _North America_, which were taken so late in the Year, that the Troops had not sufficient Time to lay in a Stock of Vegetables, and of fresh Meat to be preserved by the Frost[106]; but were obliged to live mostly on Ship Provisions.

[106] In _Quebec_, and other northern Parts of _North
America_, as soon as the Frost sets in, they kill their Meat
intended for their Winter Store, and hang it up: It soon
freezes, and will keep in this Manner all through the Winter.
They preserve Vegetables in the same Way; and when they
intend to make Use of either, they put so much as they want
into cold Water for some Time, which draws the Frost out of
it; and then they boil or roast it, as they think proper.

It is observed, both at Sea and Land, that where the Scurvy rages, those People are least subject to it who are well cloathed; who live in dry Habitations, or lie in dry Births; who take proper Exercise, without being too much exposed to the Inclemency of the Weather; and who live well, and drink good Beer, Cyder, or Wine; as has been remarked by Dr. _Pringle_, Dr. _Lind_, and others.

At _Bremen_ the Disorder was only observed among the Soldiers; not one of the Gentlemen belonging to the Hospital, or to the Commissariate, nor one of the military Officers, not even of the Serjeants, having the least Symptom of it. The Reason of its being frequent among the Soldiers was, that the Place is situated on a Plain naturally very damp; and the Soldiers were quartered in very low damp Houses; at the same Time, no Vegetables or Greens were to be bought in the Market; and fresh Meat, and other fresh Provisions, were at so high a Price, that the Soldiers could not afford to buy them; but were obliged to live on salted Meat, and salted Herrings, during the Winter; and what little Money they had remaining, they laid out on spirituous Liquors, which were sold cheap.

The Cure of this Disorder requires--living in a dry comfortable Place--good Cloathing--light Food of easy Digestion, such as good Bread, Panado, Milk, Whey, Broths made of fresh Meats--white Meats, with Greens, or other Vegetable, &c.--the Use of Liquors of the acid or acescent Kind, or the moderate Use of Beer, Cyder, good Wine, or weak Punch[107]--And, by Way of Medicine, gentle Purges, mild Diaphoretics; the free Use of acid or acescent Fruits, Lemons, Oranges, Apples, Pears, Currans, Grapes, &c. and of the antiscorbutic Plants and their Juices, as Succory, Endive, Water-Cresses, Scurvy-Grass[108], &c. on which a great Part of the Cure principally depends; and the Use of some of the strengthening Bitters[109], of which the Bark is not the least efficacious.

[107] The free Use of raw Spirits is found to be very
prejudicial; but a moderate Quantity of these Spirits,
diluted with Water, and acidulated with Lemons or Oranges (or
with Cream of Tartar, or Tamarinds, when the former cannot be
got), and made into Punch, is found to be a good
Antiscorbutic.

[108] Most ripe Fruits, particularly Lemons and Oranges, and
esculent Herbs, and many Kinds of Roots, such as
Horse-Radish, Onions, Leeks, and many others, have been found
the most useful Remedies in the Cure of the Scurvy.
Decoctions and Infusions of Fir-Tops, of Spruce, and of other
Species of the Pine-Tree; and Beer made of these Infusions,
by fermenting them with Molasses, are approved
Antiscorbutics: and when such Remedies cannot be got,
Infusions of the common Bitters, and weak Punch, made with
Tamarinds or Cream of Tartar, have proved serviceable; and
where these Acids cannot be had, the Mineral Acids may be
used for acidulating the Drink. However, it ought always to
be remembered, that fresh Vegetables and Fruits, and
vegetable Acids, produce much better Effects in the Scurvy,
than any other Sorts of Remedies; and ought always to be
used, when they can be got.

[109] Most of the common Bitters have been strongly
recommended in this Disorder, Gentian, Trifoil, Wormwood,
&c.--as likewise aromatic Bitters and Aromatics; such as
_calamus aromaticus_, Carvi Seeds, Winters Bark, Cinnamon,
and many others.

Bleeding is seldom requisite, except where there is much Heat or Fever; or a sharp Pain of the Side, or Difficulty of Breathing, or some Symptom of the like Kind; it is then sometimes necessary to take away some Blood: And in obstinate Cases, it is often found of Use to promote Sweats, by making the Patient, while in Bed, drink freely of warm Whey, or Sack Whey, mixed with the scorbutic Juices; or warm Barley Water, or the like, mixed with a small Quantity of the Antimonial Wine, or some other mild Diaphoretic.

And where the Patient is strong, and there is no Danger of Hæmorrhages, warm aromatic Baths have sometimes been found serviceable; but they are not to be used where the Patient is weak.

The first Time I saw this Disorder at _Bremen_, was in an old Invalid, _James Long_, who had come from _Bristol_ to _Embden_, and from thence to _Bremen_. He was some Weeks in the Hospital before I discovered his Disorder to be the Scurvy. He at first complained only of great Weakness, and such a Giddiness, when he got out of Bed, that he could not walk, and of what he called flying rheumatic Pains of his Legs. He had no other visible Complaint; all which, I imagined, proceeded from Old-Age, and being worn out in the Service. At last, on the 25th of _January_, he complained of his Gums being sore; and, on examining him, I found his Breath fetid, his Gums swelled, soft, and spungy, his Legs covered with scorbutic Blotches, and other Symptoms, which evidently proved his Disorder to be the true Scurvy.

Upon which, I ordered him a low Diet, with the Addition of Greens for Dinner, and a Quart of Lemonade, with a Gill of Brandy in it, _per_ Day, for his common Drink; and, by Way of Medicine, a Decoction of the Bark, with the Elixir of Vitriol; and, at the same Time, ordered his Gums to be scarified, where they were most swelled and spungy; and to be washed frequently with an astringent Gargle; and to be rubbed now and then with burnt Alum[110]. By these Means, in a Fortnight's Time, his Gums became firmer, and his scorbutic Symptoms decreased. During that Course he took cold, and had a Stitch in his Side, for which he was blooded. The Blood threw up a very thin Buff, which was not of a firm Consistence[111]; the Crassamentum below was of a blackish Colour and of a loose Texture, and the Serum in a large Proportion. By the 2d of _March_ his Gums had recovered their natural Firmness and Texture, and the scorbutic Spots and Pains of the Legs were gone, and he had recovered his Strength; the only remaining Complaint was a little Swelling about the Ankles, for which he continued the same Course, and took a Dose or two of Physic. By the 16th of _March_ all these Symptoms were gone, and he was dismissed the Hospital free from all Complaints. I saw him well the last Week in _May_; and he told me, he had had no scorbutic Symptom since he left the Hospital.

[110] Dr. _Lind_, who has wrote one of the best Treatises on
this Disorder, and who had a great Deal of Practice himself,
says, "When first the Patient complains of an Itching and a
Spunginess of the Gums, with loose Teeth, either a Tincture
of the Bark in Brandy, or aluminous Medicines, will be found
serviceable in putting a Stop to the Beginning Laxity of
these Parts." When the Putrefaction increases, he recommends
the Use of some of the mineral Acids. See his _Treatise on
the Scurvy_, part ii. chap. v. p. 201.--_Van Swieten_ says,
he never found any Thing answer better than a Gargle made of
four Ounces of Elder or Rose Water, acidulated with a Drachm
of the Spirit of Sea Salt; and where the Gums were very
putrid and gangrened, he has been obliged to touch them
slightly with the pure Acid Spirit, and some Hours after to
have them washed with the Gargle just mentioned. Vide
_Comment._ vol. III. p. 629, sect. 1163.

If the Spunginess of the Gums sprout out into a luxuriant
Fungus, it is sometimes requisite to cut such Funguses away,
and to wash the Sores frequently with gentle astringent or
acid Liquors.

[111] Dr. _Huxham_ observes, that, after the Disease has
continued some Time, the Blood appears a mere Gore as it
were, not separating into Serum and Crassamentum as usual,
but remaining an uniform half-coagulated Mass, generally of a
more livid or darker Colour than common; though sometimes it
continues long very florid; but it always putrifies soon. See
his _Essay on Fevers_, chap. v.

There is something very particular in the Nature of this
Disorder, according to an Observation of Dr. _Lind_'s; who
says, "That the Scurvy is a Disease in its Nature very
opposite to that of a Fever; insomuch, that even an Infection
is long resisted by a scorbutic Habit; and those of a
scorbutic Habit being seized with the Fever, was a Proof of
its proceeding entirely from Infection." See his _First Paper
on Fevers_, p. 4.

In the Beginning of _February_, another of the Invalids, who had been in the Hospital for a Fever and rheumatic Complaints, had Blotches appear on his Legs, complained of great Weakness, and fainted away in attempting to walk; which made me suspect his Disorder to be the Scurvy; and, on examining him, I found his Gums soft and spongy, attended with the other Symptoms of the true Scurvy. I put him nearly on the same Course as in the last-mentioned Case: He used a low Diet, with the Addition of Greens for Dinner, which he eat with a little Butter and Vinegar; and he had a Quart of Lemonade, with two Ounces of Brandy, for his common Drink during the Day; and, by Way of Medicine, a Decoction of the Bark, with two Drachms of the _confectio cordiaca_ to each Half Pint, which he took by Spoonfuls. Next Day he complained of a Pain in his Leg; and, on examining it more particularly, I found a large livid Blotch, yellow all round the Edges, on the fore Part, and a Tension all over that Leg. As he was so extremely low, as to be in Danger of fainting whenever he sat up, I was afraid lest a Mortification should ensue; and therefore ordered his Leg to be bathed Morning and Evening with a warm aromatic Fomentation, and a Poultice of Theriaca to be applied after it; and desired him to take as much of the Decoction of the Bark with the Cordial as possible; and allowed him a Glass of Mountain Wine every two or three Hours. By the Continuance of this Course for some Weeks, the livid Blotches, Pain, and Stiffness of his Leg, and most of the other scorbutic Symptoms, went away; his Gums were restored to their natural Firmness; and he recovered his Strength so much as to be able to sit up all Day long; though he still remained very weak when he was sent to _England_, in _March_.

In _February_ and _March_, seven or eight more scorbutic Patients were sent to the Hospital I attended, who were all treated in the same Manner; and all did well. About the Middle of _February_ this Distemper began to shew itself in the other Hospital attended by Dr. _Miller_, who treated the Patients nearly in the same Way, and they all recovered.

On the 5th of _April_, a young Man, belonging to the Eighth Regiment of Foot, came to the Hospital with all the Symptoms of the true Scurvy; his Gums were spungy and foetid; he had livid Blotches on his Legs, and Contractions of the Hams, and a Stiffness and Hardness in the Calves of both Legs[112]. By following the same Course as the others, and the Use of frequent Fomentations, and rubbing the contracted Parts with soft Liniments, he mended daily; and, after taking a Dose or two of Physic, was dismissed perfectly recovered on the 10th of _May_. At his first Admission into the Hospital, he was taken with a severe Cough, attended with Pain of the Breast, and a Spitting of Blood for a Day or two, for which he was blooded. His Blood threw up a little Buff; the Crassamentum was of a blackish Colour and of a loose Texture, with a good Proportion of a yellowish Serum. This Bleeding relieved the Complaints of his Breast, and he had no Return of them while he remained in the Hospital.

[112] If the Swellings become large, stiff, and painful, Dr.
_Lind_ recommends that the Legs should be frequently bathed
and fomented; or, what he has found preferable, to be exposed
to their Steams, after being well covered with Blankets.
After this Operation, he advises the Limb to be rubbed with
some mild Oil, such as _oleum palmæ_, or Salad Oil; and if
the Swellings resist both the general Cure and these
Applications, the Limbs to be sweated with Spirits. See his
_Treatise on the Scurvy_, part ii, chap. v.

The first Week in _May_ four Invalids were admitted into the Hospital for this Disorder. The first had spungy Gums, a foetid Breath, his Legs swelled and hard, and of a deep purple Colour. The second was a Case at first of a more doubtful Kind; there were no spungy Gums, though an offensive Breath; his Ancles and Feet were swelled, attended with Pain and Uneasiness, and a great Weakness and Lassitude; but no Fever, nor any livid Blotches. The Swelling of the Feet and Ancles seemed at first Sight rather gouty or rheumatic, than of the scorbutic Kind; but from the Man's Way of Life, and the Disorder being so frequent, we discovered it to be the Scurvy. The third had a very foetid Breath and spungy Gums, livid Spots and fungous Ulcers[113] on his Legs, with Pains and Weakness all over. The fourth had also spungy Gums and a foetid Breath, Pains of the Legs and Arms, livid Blotches on his Legs, great Hardness and Contraction of the right Ham, and a livid hard Swelling on the Outside of the left Thigh, immediately above the Knee.

[113] "Ulcers on the Legs, or any other Part of the Body,
require pretty much the same Treatment, _viz._ very gentle
Compression, in order to keep under the Fungus, and such
antiseptic Applications as have been recommended for putrid
Gums, _viz. mel rosat._ acidulated with _spiritus vitrioli_,
_ung. Ægiptiacum_, &c. but nothing will avail where the
Patient cannot have Vegetables and Fruits." _Dr. Lind's
Treatise on Scurvy_, part ii. chap. v. p. 204. And he
recommends, if the Swellings and Ulcers of the Legs neither
yield to the general Cure nor to the Methods here proposed,
that a slow and gentle Course of Mercury should be tried,
after the scorbutic Taint is a good deal removed, and the
Gums are sufficiently firm; and to give along with it a
Decoction of the Woods, or of Sarsaparilla; but this Method
ought not to be attempted till the Gums have acquired a
proper Firmness. See _ibid._ part ii. chap. v.

We treated them all four in the Method above-mentioned, adding a Mess of Greens to Dinner, giving Lemonade for Drink, and the Bark, with Elixir of Vitriol, by Way of Medicine. The Parts that were hard and swelled, were fomented, and rubbed with soft Liniments, and Poultices were applied to the hard Swelling on the Outside of the left Thigh; and the Ulcers of the Legs dressed with Digestives, and occasionally washed with spirituous Tinctures, and touched with Escharotics. Before I left _Bremen_, the first Week in _June_, the first and second Patients were perfectly recovered, and the third and fourth almost well. All of them had had the Disorder some Months before they came to the Hospital.

OF THE ITCH.

There was no Disorder so common in the military Hospitals as the Itch. It is of an infectious Nature, and now most commonly believed to be entirely owing to little Insects lodged in the Skin, which many Authors affirm they have seen in the Pustules by the Help of a Microscope; and that the Disorder is entirely communicated by Infection, and does not arise from any Fault in the Fluids or Solids.

It has been found by Experience, that internal Medicines have little or no Effect in removing this Disorder; and that only external Remedies, which come immediately in contact with the Parts affected, are capable of making a Cure; which has been brought as a farther Proof, that the Itch is owing to Animalcules or Insects; as it is alledged, that no Remedies will cure the Distemper, but such as are capable of killing them.

The Medicines, which are most commonly used for the Cure, are _Mercury_, _White Helebore_, and _Sulphur_.

Mercurial Frictions on the Part are often made use of, and sometimes with Success, though they are by no Means to be depended upon for a Cure; besides that, they are liable to throw the Patients into a Salivation, as I have seen happen more than once; for which Reasons I would never recommend this Method where the Patient labours under no other Disorder which requires the Use of Mercury, and would confine it entirely to Cases where Patients, having the Itch, labour, at the same Time, under the _Lues venerea_, and require the free Use of mercurial Frictions; under such Circumstances the mercurial Ointment may be as well rubbed on the Parts affected with the Itch as upon any other.

The Powder of the Root of _White Helebore_, made up into an Ointment with Hogs Lard, or a strong Decoction of it in Water, rubbed on the Parts, will often cure the Itch; but it is a sharp Medicine, and generally smarts, and sometimes inflames the Parts on which it is rubbed; and therefore it is not so commonly used, as we know a much surer and milder Remedy. Though I have cured some People with the Helebore Lotion without any Inconvenience, who would not use the Sulphur on Account of its Smell.

_Sulphur_ is the most certain and easy Cure for the Itch of any we know, and perhaps is more certain in the Cure of this Disorder than almost any other Medicine in any other Disorder whatever. We used it in Form of the Sulphur Ointment of the _London Dispensatory_, of which one, two, or more Drachms were rubbed in every Night, in Proportion to the Extent of the Parts affected. These Unctions were continued from four or five to ten or twelve Nights, according to the Violence and Continuance of the Disorder. Most were cured in a few Days; others required a longer Time. As the sulphureous Unctions tend to obstruct the Perspiration, we generally ordered a Purge to be given before rubbing the Sulphur Ointment, and in full Habits sometimes ordered a little Blood to be taken away; and put them all under a low Diet. After the Disorder seemed to be removed, they took another Dose or two of Physic to carry off any Impurities that might have been thrown upon the Bowels, during the Use of the Sulphur Ointment. In inveterate Cases, the Sulphur was given internally at the same Time that the Patient rubbed with the Ointment.

It is generally believed (though denied by some) that Sulphur, taken internally, enters the Blood; and its Steams are thrown off by the perspiratory Vessels, and assists more effectually to destroy the Insects and their Ovula, which give Rise to the Itch; but whether this Effect be true or not, I found it to answer another very good Purpose; which was to keep the Belly rather loose, while the Patient used the Unction; and by this Way it carried off those Humours, which ought to have passed off by the Skin; and for that Reason, when it had not that Effect, we joined some Lenitive Electuary to it.

There is one Thing to be observed with regard to sulphureous Unctions, which is, that we ought not to use them too soon with People recovering out of Fevers, or other Disorders which bring them low; otherwise there will be Danger of bringing on a Relapse, which I have often observed to happen in military Hospitals, where the Itch has appeared as the Patients were recovering from Fevers and other Disorders, and the Unctions were used too soon: But whether these Relapses were owing to the sulphureous Unction's stopping up the Pores of the Skin, and obstructing a free Perspiration, or to the Patient's being more apt to take Cold while they used the Sulphur Ointment, than at any other Time, is what I cannot determine; but to me it seems most probable, that these Unctions rather obstruct the Perspiration; and that when they are used too soon with People recovering from Fevers, especially those of the putrid Kind, they prevent those Particles from passing off by the Skin, which it was necessary should be evacuated, in order to free the Body from the Seeds of the Fever, or other Disorders the Patients laboured under. But however this be, Experience has shewn, that we ought not to attempt the Cure of the Itch, in Patients so circumstanced, till their Strength be in a great Measure re-established, otherwise there will be Danger of a Relapse; and likewise, that Patients using Sulphur externally, ought to be particularly on their Guard against Cold.

This Observation of Peoples being so apt to relapse after Fevers by the too early Use of sulphureous Unction, is a strong Proof of the Usefulness of keeping the Body open during the Time of Rubbing and of Purging the Patient afterwards; as by these Means we may carry off by the Bowels those Particles which could not pass by the Skin; and I think, so far as I have been able to observe, those People have been less subject to relapse into Fevers where this Caution has been used, than where it has been neglected.

That Species of the Itch where it forms small Ulcers or Pustules in the Skin, is the worst Kind, and most contagious, and seems to take its Rise from the common Itch continuing long, and making its Way deeper into the Skin. The Cure is the same, only this requires more frequent Unctions, and those to be continued longer, than before the Disorder has taken such deep Root.

It is no uncommon Thing to see the Itch appear again, some Weeks after it has seemingly been cured by the Use of sulphureous Unctions; which most commonly happened to those who were in too great a Hurry to get well, and left off the Use of the Unctions too soon. Such Returns of the Itch were generally cured by the Repetition of the same Treatment as before.

TABLE of DIET.

The following is a Copy of the Table of Diet which was used in the Hospital all the Time I was with the Troops in _Germany_:

The daily Allowance of Bread was a Pound to those on full and middle Diet, and Half a Pound to those on low Diet, or a Pound, if so ordered by the Physician.

Those on full and middle Diet were allowed daily three Pints of Barley or Rice Water; to each Pint of which were added two Spoonfuls of Brandy, and a Quarter of an Ounce of Lump Sugar. Small Beer was mentioned in the Diet Table; but this we could never have good; and therefore was not used.

Those on low Diet were allowed Barley or Rice Water; to which some Wine or Brandy was occasionally added, if ordered so by the Physician.

Besides this, the Physician might order an additional Quantity of Wine, Brandy, or Milk, or Water Gruel, or any other Articles which he thought proper for the Sick under his Care, and which could be got easily.

PHARMACOPOEIA IN USUM

Nosocomii Regii Militaris Britanici.

MDCCLXI.

PHARMACOPOEIA IN USUM

Nosocomii Regii Militaris.

Ann. MDCCLXI.

AQUÆ SIMPLICES ET SPIRITUOSÆ.

AQUA Alexeteria.
---- Bacc. Juniperi.
---- Cinnamomi.
---- Menthæ vulgaris.
---- Menthæ piperitidis.
---- Nucis moschatæ.
---- Pulegii.
---- Rutæ.

Vel aliæ aquæ hujus generis præparari possint, terendo in
mortario vitreo elaeosacchara præparata, cum oleis
essentialibus, et sacchari albi 12la quantitate; et dein
addendo aquæ fontanæ vel spiritus vini tenuis quantitatem
sufficientem[114].

[114] Such _Elaeosacchara_ (as they are called), made by
rubbing the essential Oils with twelve Times the Quantity of
Sugar, may at all Times be prepared at the fixed Hospital,
and carried about with the flying Hospital, much more
conveniently than the simple or compound Waters themselves.

Aqua calcis simp. Ph. Lond.

Dosis a lib. i. ad lib. ij. in die.

Aqua Hordeata. Ph. Lond.

Utenda pro potu.

BOLUS.

Bolus anodynus astringens.

Rx Theriacæ andromachi, drachm. dimid. opii, gr. i. M. pro
dosi semel vel bis die.

Bolus e rheo cum mercurio.

Rx Pulv. rhei, gr. xxv. calomel, gr. v. syrup sacchari, q. s.

Bolus e calomel.

Rx Calomel gr. v. conserv. rosar. scrup. i. M.

Bolus mercurialis.

Rx Argenti vivi, gr. x. extingue in balsam copaivi, q. s. et
adde conserv. rosar. q. s.

Bolus e scordio cum rheo.

Rx Elect. e scordio, scrup. i. pulv. Rhei, gr. x. syrup, q. s.
ut fiat bolus sumendus semel, bis, terve die.

COLLYRIA.

Collyrium saturninum.

Rx Sacchari saturni, salis ammoniaci crudi ana gr. vi. solve
in aq. fontanæ, unc. xij. adde pro re nata tinct. thebaicæ,
drachm. i.

Collyrium vitriolicum.

Rx Vitrioli albi, drachm. ss. solve in aq. fontanæ, lib. i.

Confectio cardiaca. Ph. Lond.

Conserva cynosbat. Ph. Lond.

Conserva rosar. Ph. Lond.

DECOCTA.

Decoctum album. Ph. Lond. utendum pro potu.

Decoctum arabicum.

Rx Gum. arabici, unc. dimid. coque in aq. hordeatæ bullientis,
lib. ij. ad solutionem Gummi. utend. pro potu.--addi possit
pro re nata spirit. nitri dulcis, drachm. ij.

Dococtum corticis Peruviani.

Rx Cort. Peruv. crass. pulv. unc. i. coque in aq. fontan. lib.
iij. ad lib. ij. Colaturæ adde tinct. cort. Peruv. unc. i.
spirit vini Gallici sescunc. Dosis ab uncia i. ad unc. iv.
bis ter. quaterve die.

Decoctum cort. cum serpentaria.

Fit addendo decocto cort. Peruv. sub sinem coctionis, rad.
serpentariæ virgin. contus. unc. dimid. Dosis ab unc. i. ad
unc. iij. ter quaterve die.

Decoct. commun. pro clyster.

Rx Flor. vel herb. chamæmel. unc. i. coque in aq. fontan. lib.
i.ss. ad lib. i. & cola.

Decoctum ligni guaiaci.

Rx Ligni guaiaci ras. lib. ss. aq. fontanæ bullientis, cong.
ij. macera per noctem; mane coque ad congium. i. & cola;
Capiat a lib. ss. ad lib. ij. die.

Decoctum nitrosum.

Rx Coccinel. scrupul. i. coque in aq. fontan. lib. ijss. ad
lib. ij. & dein adde salis nitri, unc. i. sacchar. albi
sescunc. Colaturæ addi possit pro re nata aq. alicujus
spirit. unc. ij. Dosis ab unc. i. ad unc. iv. 4tis vel 6tis
horis.

Decoctum pectorale.

Rx Fol. herb. malvæ, unc. ij. feminum lini, unc. dimid. coque
in aq. fontan. lib. ivss. ad lib. iv. addendo sub finem
coctionis rad glycyrrhiz sescunc. vel mellis optimi, unc. i.
Cola pro potu.--Adde pro re nata aceti, sescunc.

Decoctum rad. sarsaparillæ.

Rx Rad. sarsaparillæ, unc. iij. coque in aq. fontan. lib. iij.
ad lib. ij. adde sub finem coctionis ligni sasafras, drachm.
i. rad. glycyrrhizæ, drachm. ij. Colaturæ capiat a lib. i.
ad lib. ij. in die.--Adde pro re nata vini antimonialis,
drachm. ij.

ELECTARIA.

Elect. astringens balsamicum.

Rx Specier. e scordio, pulv. e tragacanth. comp. ana unc. i.
tincturæ thebaicæ, drachm. ij. syrup sacchari, q. s. ut fiat
elect. Dosis ad molem N. M. bis, ter. quaterve in die.

Elect. corticis Peruviani.

Rx Pulv. cort. Peruv. unc. iv. syrup sacchari, q. s. Dosis a
scrup. i. ad drachm. unam, bis, ter, 4r. 6ties. vel decies
die.

Elect. corticis anodynum.

Rx Elect. cort. Peruv. unc. 1nam. elect. e scordio unciam
dimidiam, vel tinct. thebaicæ scrup. ij.

Elect. corticis astringens.

Rx Elect. cort. Peruv. semunc. pulv. rad. tormentil, lapidis
cancror. ppt. singulorum, drachm. i. syrup, q. s.

Elect. cort. cum serpentaria.

Rx Elect. cort. Peruv. unc. i. pulv. rad. serpentar. virgin.
cort. canel. alb. ana, drachm ij. syrup. q. s.

Elect. cort. cum sale ammoniac.

Rx Elect. cort. Peruv. sescunciam. sal. ammon. crud. drachm. i.

Elect. e baccis lauri. Ph. Lond.

Elect. lenitiv. Ph. Lond.

Elect. lenitivum cum sulphure.

Rx Elect. lenitiv. lib. ss. flor. sulphuris, unc. ij. Dosis,
moles, N. M. vel ad semunc. pro re nata.

Elect. lenitivum compositum.

Rx Elect. lenitiv. lib. i. pulv. jalap. unc. i. sal. nitri,
drachm. ij. syrup. q. s. Dosis a drach. i. ad drach. iv. pro
r. n.

Elect. lenitivum balsamicum.

Rx Elect. lenitiv. comp. unc. ij. bals. copaiv. unc. i. gum
guaiac. unc. ss. M. Dosis, cochleare theæ, h. s. vel mane &
vesperi.

Electuar. e scordio vel diascordium. Ph. Lond.

Elect. e spermat. ceti.

Rx Balsam Peruv. unc. im. misce optime cum mucilag. gum arab.
sescunciam & adde spermat. ceti, conserv. rosar. ana unc.
xij. syrup sacchar. q. s. dosis, a dimidiâ drachma bis die ad
drachm. im. quater vel sexties die.

Elect. stomachicum.

Rx Conserv. cynosbat. unc. iv. pulv. rad. zinziber. drachm.
ij. canell. alb. unc. i. rubigin. martis, drachm. ij. syrup.
q. s. dosis a scrup. i. bis terve die ad semidrach. 4tis
horis.

Elect. e scammon. Ph. Lond.

ELIXIR.

Elix. aloes. Ph. Lond.

Elix. paregoricum. Ph. Lond.

Elix. vitrioli acid. Ph. Lond.

ENEMATA.

Enema commune laxativ.

Rx Aq. fontan. calid. unc. xij. elect. lenitiv. semunc. sal.
cathartici amari, unc. i. M.

Enema commun. oleos.

Rx Aq. fontan. bullient. unc. x. mucilag. gum arabic. unc. im.
olei olivar. unc. ij. adde pro re nata elect. e scord.
drachm. ij. vel. tinct. thebaic. drachm. i.

Enema ex amylo.

Rx Aq. fontan. calid. unc. iv. gelatin. amyli, unc. v. elect.
e scord. drachm. i. M.

Enema terebinth.

Rx Terebinth commun. drachm. vi. solve in vitello ovi & adde
enemat. oleos. unc. x.

Emplastrum vesicatorium. Ph. Lond.

FOTUS.

Fotus communis.

Rx Fol. malv. flor. chamæmel. singulorum, m. i. coque in aq.
fontan. q. s.

Fotus commun. spirit.

Rx Fotus commun. lib. ij. aceti, lib. i. spirit. vini tenuis,
lib. ss. M. pro fotu.

Fotus cum sale ammoniac.

Rx Fotus commun. lib. ij. sal ammoniac crud. unc. i.

Fotus volatilis.

Rx Fotus commun. q. s. asperge panno statim ante applicationem
spiritus sal. ammoniac, q. s.

GARGARISMATA.

Gargarisma commune.

Rx Aq. hordeat. unc. xij. sal. nitri, drachm. i. mellis
semunc. M. adde pro re nata spirit. vin. unciam i.

Gargarisma acidum.

Rx Aq. hordeat. unc. xij. spirit. vini gallici, unc. i. aceti
sescunc. tinct. myrrhæ, drachm. ij. M.

Gargarisma volatile.

Rx Aq. hordeat. unc. xij. spirit. vin gallic. unc. ij. sal.
vol. ammoniaci, drachm. i. M.

GUTTÆ ANTIMONIALES ANODYNÆ.

Rx Vini antimonialis, unc. im tinct. thebaic. drachm. ij.
dosis a gutt. 30 ad 40 bis terve die, vel a gutt. 60 ad 140,
h. s. in potu tepido.

HAUSTUS.

Haustus simplex.

Rx Aq. fontan. sescunc. spirit. vini gallici drachm. i. ss.
sacchar alb. drachm. dimidiam M.--Haustus præparari possit
aqua aliqua simp. et spirit. loco aq fontan. & spirit. vini
gallici pro re nata.

Haustus anodynus.

Rx Haust. simp. sescunc. tinct. thebaic. gutt. xx. M.

Haustus camphoratus.

Rx Camphoræ, gr. iij. tere in mortario cum sacchar. alb.
drach. dimid. & dein adde mucilag. gum arabici, drachm. ij.
haust. simp. sescunciam. M. s. a. Dosis repetenda, 4ta vel
6ta. quaque hora.

Haust. emetic. antimonialis.

Rx Vini antimonialis semunciam. Dari possit ad drachm. x. pro r. n.

Haust. emeticus scilliticus.

Rx Oxymel. scillit. drachm. x. aq. fontan. semunc. pulv. rad.
ipecacoan. gr. vi.

Haustus cardiacus.

Rx Haust. simp. sescunciam confect. cardiac. scrup. im. M. f.
haustus repetendus 4tis. vel 6tis. horis--adde pro re nata
sp. lavend. comp. dr. i.

Haustus cardiacus oleosus.

Rx Ol. essential. menth. gutt. ij. tere in mortario vitreo cum
sacchar. alb. drachm. dimid. & adde haust. simplicis sescunc.
tinct. stomachic. drachm. i. M.--adde pro re nata tinctur.
thebaic. gutt. x.

Haustus lixiviosus anodynus.

Rx Haust. simp. sescunciam, lixivii tartari, drachmam dimidiam
tincturæ thebaicæ, gutt. xx. cap. h. s. vel mane & vesperi.

Haustus e mithridatio.

Rx Haust. simp. sescunc. mithridat. scrup. i. aceti vin.
drachm. iij. dosis repetenda 4tis. vel 6tis. horis.

Haustus oleosus communis.

Rx Mucilagin. gum arabici, drachm, iv. ol. olivar, drachm. v.
misce s. a. & adde haust. simp. sescunciam. Repet. 4tis. vel
6tis. horis.

Haustus oleosus cum rheo.

Rx Haust. oleos. communis, unc. ij. tinct. rhei sescunc. vel
pulv. rhei, gr. xxv. tinct. thebaic. gutt. xv. M. fiat
haustus sumendus vel h. s. vel primo mane.

Haustus purgans.

Rx Infus. senæ. unc. iij. sal. glauber. drachm. iij. spirit.
vin. gallici, drachm. ij. sacchar. alb. drachm. dimid. capiat mane.

Haustus salinus communis.

Rx Aceti vinosi vel succ. limonum semunciam, sal. absynth.
scrup. i. vel ad saturationem, haust. simp. sescunciam adde
pro re nata pulv. contrayerv. comp. scrup. i. vel pulv.
contrayerv. cum nitro, scrup. ij.--Haustus præparari possit
cum salis diuretici drachma dimid. loco acidi & salis
absynthii. Dosis repetend. 3tiis. 4tis. vel 6tis.
horis--Eodem modo sit haustus cum spirit. mindereri uncia
dimidiâ.

Haust. salin. cum confect. cardiaca.

Rx Haust. salin. commun. unc. ij. confect. cardiac. scrup. i.
M. repet. 4tis. vel 6tis. horis.

Haust. salin. cum mithridatio.

Rx Haust. salin. commun. unc. ij. mithridatii, scrup. i. M.
sumend. 4tis. vel 6tis. horis.

Haustus salin. cum rheo.

Rx Haust. salin. com. uncias ij. pulv. rhei, gr. xxv. M.
capiat mane.

Haustus salin. cum phu.

Rx Haust. salin. commun. unc. ij. pulv. rad. valerian.
sylvestris, scrup. ij. Dosis repetend. 2dis. 4tis. vel 6tis.
horis.

Haust. salinus succinatus.

Rx Haust. salin. commun. unc. ij. sal succini, pulv. castorei
singulorum, gr. x. H. repetend. 4tis. vel 6tis. horis.

Haust. salinus purg. oleosus.

Rx Mannæ opt. semunc. olei olivar. drachm. vi. vitelli ovi q.
s. tere in mortario, addendo paulatim sal cathartici amari,
unc. i. solutam in aq. fontan. calid. unc. iij. spirit. vini
gallici vel aq. alicujus spirituosæ, drachm. iij. M. s. a pro
dosi matutino.

Haustus volatilis.

Rx Haust. simp. sescunciam sal. vol. c. cervi, gr. x. M. H.
repet. 4tis. vel 6tis. horis.

INFUSA.

Infusum amarum. Ph. Lond. Addi possit pro re nata in
præparando spirit. vini tenuis, lib. ss. ad lib. ij. infusi.
Dosis ab unc. ina. bis die ad unc. ij. ter. die.

Infusum raphani rusticani.

Rx Rad. raphani rusticani, unc. ij. baccar. juniper, unc.
inam. cort. canell. alb. drachm. ij. aq. fontan. bullient,
lib. iv. infunde per noctem leni calore. Colaturæ adde
spirit. vini gallici unc. iv. Dosis ab. unc. i. bis terve die
ad unc. iv. 6tis. horis.

Infusum senæ commun. Ph. Lond.

JULEPUM E MOSCHO.

Rx Mosch. drachmam im. tere optime in mortario cum sacchar.
alb. drachm. iij. & adde mucilagin. gum arab. dr. iv. Haust.
simp. unc. vi. Dosis unc. ij. 4tis. vel 6tis. horis.

LINCTUS.

Rx Conserv. cynosbat. unc. iv. ol. olivar. syrup. sacchari vel
mellis ana unc. ij. adde pro re nata spirit. vitrioli tenuis,
drachm. iv. Dosis cochleare theæ urgente tussi.

LINIMENTA.

Liniment. saponaceum. Ph. Lond.

Linimentum camphoratum.

Rx Olei olivar. unc. ij. camphoræ, drachm. ij. M.

Linimentum volatile. Ph. Lond.

Linimentum volatile commune.

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An Account of the Diseases which were most frequent in the British military hospitals in GermanyChapter VII: Letter I: received from the Gentleman whose Care I left him (1)

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