Chapter II: Part III: Of the Variations in the Proportion between the

respective Values of that sort of Produce which always
affords Rent, and of that which sometimes does, and
sometimes does not, afford Rent 74

Digression concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver
during the course of the four last centuries ib.
First Period ib.
Second Period 81
Third Period ib.

Variations in the Proportion between the respective Values
of Gold and Silver 89

Grounds of the Suspicion that the Value of Silver still
continues to decrease 91

Different Effects of the Progress of Improvement upon the
real Price of three different sorts of rude Produce ib.
First Sort 92
Second Sort ib.
Third Sort 97

Conclusion of the Digression concerning the Variations in
the Value of Silver 101

Effects of the Progress of Improvement upon the real Price
of Manufactures 103

Conclusion of the Chapter 105

BOOK II.

OF THE NATURE, ACCUMULATION, AND EMPLOYMENT OF STOCK.

Introduction 111

CHAP. I.

Of the Division of Stock 112

CHAP. II.

Of Money considered as a particular Branch of the general Stock
of the Society, or of the Expense of maintaining the National
Capital 115

CHAP. III.

Of the Accumulation of Capital, or of productive and unproductive
Labour 135

CHAP. IV.

Of Stock lent at Interest 144

CHAP. V.

Of the different Employment of Capitals 147

BOOK III.

OF THE DIFFERENT PROGRESS OF OPULENCE IN DIFFERENT NATIONS.

CHAP. I.

Of the Natural Progress of Opulence 155

CHAP. II.

Of the Discouragement of Agriculture in the ancient States of
Europe, after the fall of the Roman Empire 157

CHAP. III.

Of the Rise and Progress of Cities and Towns, after the fall of
the Roman Empire 162

CHAP. IV.

How the Commerce of the Towns contributed to the Improvement of
the Country 167

BOOK IV.

OF THE SYSTEMS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY.

Introduction 173

CHAP. I.

Of the Principle of the Commercial or Mercantile system ib.

CHAP. II.

Of Restraints upon the Importation from Foreign Countries, of
such Goods as can be produced at Home 183

CHAP. III.

Of the extraordinary Restraints upon the Importation of Goods of
almost all kinds, from those Countries with which the Balance
is supposed to be disadvantageous 192

PART I. Of the Unreasonableness of those Restraints, even upon
the Principles of the Commercial System ib.

Digression concerning Banks of Deposit, particularly
concerning that of Amsterdam 194

PART II. Of the Unreasonableness of these extraordinary
Restraints, upon other Principles 199

CHAP. IV.

Of Drawbacks 203

CHAP. V.

Of Bounties 205

Digression concerning the Corn Trade and Corn Laws 213

CHAP. VI.

Of Treaties of Commerce 222

CHAP. VII.

Of Colonies 227

PART I. Of the Motives for establishing new Colonies ib.

PART II. Causes of the Prosperity of new Colonies 231

PART III. Of the Advantages which Europe has derived from
the Discovery of America, and from that of a Passage to the
East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope 243

CHAP. VIII.

Conclusion of the Mercantile System 266

CHAP. IX.

Of the Agricultural Systems, or of those Systems of Political
Economy which represent the Produce of Land as either the sole
or the principal Source of the Revenue and Wealth of every
Country 275

APPENDIX.

Account of Herring Busses fitted out in Scotland, the Amount of
the Cargoes and the Bounties on them 287

Account of Foreign Salt imported into Scotland, and of Scotch
Salt delivered duty free, for the Herring Fishery 288

BOOK V.

OF THE REVENUE OF THE SOVEREIGN OR COMMONWEALTH.

CHAP. I.

Of the Expenses of the Sovereign or Commonwealth 289

PART I. Of the Expense of Defence ib.

PART II. Of the Expense of Justice 297

PART III. Of the Expense of Public Works and Public
Institutions 302

ART. I. Of the Public Works and Institutions for
facilitating the Commerce of Society.--1st, For
facilitating the general Commerce of the Society.--
2d, For facilitating particular Branches of Commerce 303

ART. II. Of the Expense of the Institutions for the
Education of Youth 318

ART. III. Of the Expense of the Institutions for the
Instruction of People of all Ages 330

PART IV. Of the Expense of supporting the Dignity of the
Sovereign 342

Conclusion of the Chapter ib.

CHAP. II.

Of the Sources of the general or Public Revenue of the Society 343

PART I. Of the Funds or Sources of Revenue which may
particularly belong to the Sovereign or Commonwealth ib.

PART II. Of Taxes 347

ART. I. Taxes upon rent; Taxes upon the Rent of Land 348

Taxes which are proportioned, not to the Rent, but to
the Produce of Land 352

Taxes upon the Rent of Houses 354

ART. II. Taxes upon Profit, or upon the Revenue arising
from Stock 357

Taxes upon the Profit of particular Employments 359