Chapter XXVI: Section I: Of Stage I

(_You are permitted to answer only_ EIGHT _questions._)

1. Write what you can of the habits of the common House
Fly and of the common Clothes Moth; draw figures of their
appearance at different stages of the life-history.

2. Where and when do you find Frog’s eggs? Of what use is the
jelly with which they are surrounded?

3. How does the Tadpole swim, and how does the Frog swim? How
does the Frog jump, and how does it catch a fly?

4. Contrast the characters of the mouth (including teeth if
present) in the Frog, Bird, Cat, Rabbit and Sheep.

5. Describe the characteristic modes of locomotion in the
Bird, Dog, Rabbit and Bat, and point out any peculiarities of
the skeleton which are related to these habits.

6. Describe the heart of the Sheep, and account so far as you
can for any differences you can point out between the various
chambers.

7. In what way are bees useful to flowers? Explain in any one
example you choose what happens when a bee visits the flower.

8. Describe the roots of a pea or bean. What importance do you
attach to the different parts you mention?

9. What is starch? How would you show whether or not it was
present in a leaf? What conditions are necessary in order that
the leaf may produce it?

10. Describe the fruit of _either_ the Sycamore _or_ the
Poppy, and explain the uses of the different parts in
dispersing the seed.

11. Describe how you would proceed in arranging an experiment
to enable you to study the germination of a seed. Give a brief
account of the process of germination of any seed you may
select.

12. Describe and sketch the specimen provided, and explain, as
far as you can, the use of the different parts.

INDEX.

Acorn, 141, 144, 146, 175, 177
Air, carbon dioxide in, 31, 33
Air-chamber of hen’s egg, 283, 285
Air sacs of birds, 279
Albumin, 285
Alder, 142, 149
Allantois, 289, 293
Alternation of generations, 189, 196
Amnion, 288, 290
Anemone, 97, 98
Animals and plants, resemblances and differences, 243
Annual, meadow grass, 135; rings, 73
Anterior, 217
Anther of stamen, 91
Aorta, 236, 238
Appendages of crayfish and lobster, 373, 375
Apple, 104, 106; fruit of, 176, 179
Apricot, 106
Aquarium, a simple, 340
Arachnids, 378
Arteries, 237, 238
Arteries, pulse in, 235, 239
Arthropods, 351
Arum, 122
Ash, 153, 156; fruit of, 171, 173; mountain, 157
Aspen, 152
Auricles of heart, 235, 237
Awn, 129, 130, 131
Axil of leaf, 45, 47

Backbone, of pigeon, 269;
of rabbit, 217, 222, 227
Bacteria, 209
Balancers of hen’s egg, 283, 285
Bark, 74
Bast, 71, 72
Bat, 255, 256
Bean seed, 1, 2, 5;
germination of, 9, 13;
starch in, 2
Beech, 142, 145, 147;
fruit of, 175, 178
Beetle, a water, 357
Beetles, 362
Berries, 175, 179
Biennials, 31, 96
Bile, 232, 234
Birch, 142, 147, 148
Birds, 269
Bird’s foot trefoil, 102
Black bent, 135
Blackberry, 103, 105;
fruit of, 175, 179;
leaves, 38, 41, 105
Blackbird, 302, 307
Bleeding of stems, 67, 70
Blood, 233, 235, 242;
circulation of, 235;
red corpuscles of, 237, 242
Blue mould, 207, 208
Bone, structure of a long, 223, 228
Bones, of birds, 269;
of pigeon, 274;
of rabbit, 222
Box leaves, 44, 45
Bracken fern, 184, 189
Bracts of anemone, 97, 99;
of daisy, 111;
of dandelion, 113;
of lime, 152, 154, 155, 174
Branches, position of, 45, 47
Breast bone, of pigeon, 269;
of rabbit, 217, 223, 227
Breathing, definition of, 242;
necessity for, 241;
of cockroach, 355;
of crustaceans, 376, 377;
of fresh-water mussel, 381;
of frog, 333, 337;
of mammals, 242, 243;
of snails, 382, 383;
of tadpole, 344
Breathing organ of chick-embryo, 289, 294
Broad bean seed, 1, 2, 5
Broccoli, 96
Broom, 101
Brussels sprouts, 96
Bud, a typical, 55, 58
Buds, 55, 69;
bursting of, 56, 61, 64;
of ash, 153, 156;
of horse chestnut, 57, 63;
of sycamore, 56, 60;
position of, 45, 50
Bulb, 81, 84
Burrows of earthworms, 384, 385
Buttercup, 96, 97;
family, 96, 97
Butterflies, cabbage-white, 362, 365

Calamites, 196
Calceolaria, 116
Calyx, 90
Cambium, 72
Candytuft, 94
Canine teeth, 246, 248, 255
Capillaries, 237, 240
Capsule, 168
Carbon, contained in plants, 31, 33;
contained in starch, 32
Carbon dioxide, formed by living body, 240, 241;
formed when flesh burns, 240, 241;
formed when wood burns, 31;
in air, 31, 33
Carnivores, 254
Carpel, 96, 98
Carrot, 96, 108
Castings of earthworms, 384, 386
Cat, 246, 250, 252, 254
Catkin, 146
Catkins, of alder, 142, 149;
of beech, 142, 148;
of birch, 142, 148;
of hazel, 142, 149;
of oak, 141, 144, 145;
of poplar, 151;
of willow, 150, 151
Caterpillar, of cabbage-white butterfly, 362, 365;
of tiger-moth, 364, 369;
of vapourer-moth, 364, 370
Cauliflower, 96
Celery, 108
Centipedes, 378
Cephalothorax of crab, 373, 376;
of crayfish and lobster, 373, 375
Cherry, 103, 105, 106;
fruit of, 175, 179
Chestnut, horse, 38, 42, 47, 57, 63, 65, 157, 159;
Spanish or sweet, 148
Chick, development of, 286, 289;
education of, 295, 296;
embryo of, 287, 289;
hatching of, 294, 295
Chitin, 251
Chrysalis, 366
Claws of cat, 247, 251
Cleavers, 175, 177
Climbing stems, 75
Clitellum of earthworm, 383, 386
“Clock” of dandelion, 112, 171, 172
Clover, 101, 102
Cockroach, 349, 351;
habits of, 356;
life-history of, 356;
position of in insect class, 357;
structure of, 355
Cocoon of earthworm, 386;
of tiger-moth, 364, 369
Coleoptera, 362
Collar of mushroom, 203, 205;
of garden snail, 379
Collecting, 389, 390
Colour, of flowers, 93;
of fruits, 182
Compositae, 114
Cone-bearing trees, 160, 161
Cones of alder, 149;
of horsetail, 191, 192, 194, 195;
of larch, 161, 163;
of Scotch pine, 160, 162, 171, 174;
of spruce fir, 163, 171, 174
Convolvulus, 76, 78, 79
Cork, 75
Corm, 81, 85
Corolla, 91
Corona, 120, 122
Cotyledons, 13, 16, 22, 23;
of bean, 2, 6
Cowslip, 109, 110
Crayfish, 372, 374
Creeping stems, 80, 82
Cress, 94, 96
Crocus corm, 81, 85
Crop of pigeon, 271
Cross fertilisation, 92, 102, 110, 118, 122, 151
Crow, 312, 318, 320;
family, 312, 320
Crucifers, 95
Crustaceans, 372, 377
Cuckoo, 322, 324;
cuckoo-pint, 122
Currants, 176, 179
Cushion-feet of caterpillar, 365

Daffodil, 84, 85, 120, 122
Daisy, 111, 112
Dandelion, 112, 113;
fruit of, 171, 172
Deadnettle, 117
Deer, 261
Dentine, 219
Development of chick, 286, 289;
of frog, 340
Diaphragm, 218
Diastase, 234
Dicotyledons, 23, 40, 72
Digestion, 231, 233;
definition of, 233
Digestive canal of frog, 231;
of rabbit, 232
Diptera, 370
Dispersal of insects, 370;
of seeds, 165
Dissection, 214
Dog, 248, 251, 252, 254
Donkey, 261
Dorsal, 217
Down feathers, 273, 277
Dropwort, water, 108
Duck, 326, 327
Dytiscus, habits and structure of, 357, 358;
life-history of, 361

Ear, of grass, 130
Ears, of rabbit, 218
Earthworms, 383, 384
Education of young animals, 248, 249, 262
Eggs, of cabbage-white butterfly, 362;
of cockroach, 357;
of Dytiscus, 361;
of earthworm, 386;
of frog, 339, 340, 341;
of hen, 282, 284;
of Limnaea, 380
Elm, 152, 153;
fruit of, 171, 173
Embryo, 12;
of chick, 287, 289;
of fern, 188, 191;
of horsetail, 195
Enamel, 219
Endosperm, 22
Evolution, a case of, 338
Extinct horsetails, 196
Eyes, of butterfly, 363, 367, 368;
of cat, 246, 250;
of cockroach, 348, 352;
of crab, 373;
of crayfish and lobster, 372;
of dog, 248, 251;
of pigeon, 271;
of rabbit, 218;
of snail, 379, 382

Falcon, 272, 330
Fantail pigeon, 280
Feathers of pigeon, 265, 266, 267, 270, 275, 276
Feelers, of butterfly, 363, 367;
of cockroach, 349, 352;
of crayfish and lobster, 372, 373, 374, 375;
of Dytiscus, 358, 359;
of moth, 364, 368, 369
Fehling’s solution, 230
Ferns, 183;
bracken, 184, 189;
hart’s tongue, 185, 190, 191;
male fern, 183, 185
Fertilisation, 92;
of ferns, 188;
of forest trees, 146;
of foxglove, 116;
of grasses, 131;
of horsetail, 195;
of moss, 202;
of oak, 145;
of primrose, 109;
of red clover, 101;
of Scotch pine, 162
Fescues, 132, 134
Fieldfare, 303, 309
Field work, 388
Filament of stamen, 91
Fir, spruce, 161, 163
Flight of bird, 278
Flower, of a grass, 128, 129;
of wallflower, 88, 89
Flowerless plants, 197
Flowers, work of, 89
Food, carbonaceous, of plants, 34, 35;
mineral, of plants, 29;
necessity of, 230;
obtained from air, 31, 34;
obtained from soil, 26, 29;
of mushroom, 204, 206;
of young seedling, 28
Fool’s parsley, 108
Fowls, 296, 299
Foxglove, 114, 115;
family, 114, 115
Foxtails, 132, 134, 135
Frog, development of, 340;
digestive canal of, 231;
life of, 332, 334
Fronds of ferns, 65, 183, 184, 186, 189
Fruit, 166
of apple, 176, 179;
of ash, 171, 173;
of beech, 175, 178;
of blackberry, 175, 179;
of buttercup, 98;
of cherry, 175, 179;
of dandelion, 171, 172;
of elm, 171, 173;
of field geranium, 165, 168;
of gooseberry, 175, 179;
of hazel, 175, 177;
of herb bennet, 174, 177;
of lime, 174;
of oak, 175, 177;
of pansy, 166, 169;
of pea, 7, 165, 168;
of pear, 176, 180;
of penny-cress, 165, 168;
of plum, 175, 179;
of poppy 166, 168;
of raspberry, 175, 179;
of rose, 176, 180;
of shepherd’s purse, 165;
of strawberry, 176, 180, 181;
of sycamore, 3, 171, 173;
of vegetable marrow, 176, 179;
of violet, 166, 169;
of wallflower, 165, 167;
of willow, 171, 173;
of wood avens, 174, 177
Fruits, colour of, 182; hooked, 174, 177
Funaria, 199, 202
Fungi, 206, 244
Fur,
of bat, 256;
of cat, 246, 250;
of rabbit, 212, 216

Galls, 141, 146
Gastric juice, 232, 233
Geranium, fruit of, 165, 168
Germinal disc, 285, 287, 289
Germination, 12, 21
Gills,
of crab, 374;
of crayfish and lobster, 373, 376;
of fresh-water mussel, 379, 381;
of mushroom, 203, 205;
of tadpole, 341, 344, 346
Gizzard of pigeon, 271
Gloxinia, 116
Glumes, 129, 130
Goats, 261
Gooseberry, 175, 179
Goose grass, 175, 177
Gorse, 101
Grapes, 176, 179
Grasses, 125
Grass,
flowers of, 128, 129;
reproduction of, 128
Grass stems, 72, 75
Grinding teeth of rabbit, 219
Gullet, 231, 232
Gymnosperms, 72, 163

Hair,
of cat, 246, 250;
of dog, 248, 251;
of sheep, 258
Hart’s tongue fern, 185, 190, 191
Hatching,
of chick, 294, 295;
of tadpole, 340, 344
Haulms,
of grasses, 125, 127;
of horsetail, 191, 192, 193, 194
Hawks, 329
Hawthorn, 106
Hazel, 142, 149; fruit of, 175, 177
Head,
of clover, 101, 102;
of daisy, 113;
of dandelion, 113
Heart,
beats of, 235, 239;
of chick-embryo, 288, 291;
of cockroach, 350, 355, 356;
sheep’s, structure of, 235, 237;
valves of, 236, 238, 239
Hemiptera, 370
Hemlock, poison, 106, 107; water, 108
Hen, eggs of, 282, 284
Herb-bennet, fruit of, 174, 177
Heredity, 217, 339
Hip bones of rabbit, 223, 228
Hip of rose, 176, 180
Honey-dew, 158
Honeysuckle, 78
Hoofed mammals, 257
Hoofs, 258, 259, 261
Hooked fruits, 174, 177
Hooking stems, 75
Horns, 257, 259
Horse, limbs of, 261
Horse chestnut, 157, 159;
buds of, 57, 63;
leaves of, 38, 42, 47, 64
Horsetail, 191
House-martin, 311, 315
House-sparrows, 315, 320
Hovering, 279, 331
Hyacinth, 84, 119, 120
Hymenoptera, 370
Hypha of mushroom, 205
Hyphae of moulds, 208, 209

Imago, 363
Incisor teeth of rabbit, 213, 219
Incubator, a simple, 286
Insect, definition of, 351
Insects, 349
Instinct, 252, 296
Internodes, 45
Intestines, 231, 232
Iodine solution, 2
Irritability, 116
Ivy, leaves, 38, 43; stem, 75, 77, 78

Jacobin pigeon, 280
Jaws,
of cockroach, 349, 352, 354;
of crayfish, 375;
of rabbit, 222, 226;
of sheep, 257, 259

Keel,
of bird’s breast-bone, 274;
of pea flower, 100, 102
Kestrel, 329, 330
Keys,
of ash, 153, 156;
of sycamore, 159
Kittens, 248

Labial palps,
of cockroach, 353;
of Lepidoptera, 367
Labiates, 117
Labium,
of caterpillar, 363, 365;
of cockroach, 349, 353
Labrum of cockroach, 349, 352
Laburnum, 101, 102
Lambs, 258, 262
Lark, 311, 316
Larva,
of cabbage-white butterfly, 362, 365;
of Dytiscus, 361;
of tiger-moth, 364, 369;
of vapourer-moth, 364, 370
Leaf fall, 55, 59
Leaf of a grass, 127
Leaves, arrangement of, 44;
of blackberry, 38, 41, 105;
of box, 44, 45;
of ferns, 65, 183, 184, 185, 186, 189, 191;
of horse chestnut, 38, 42, 47, 64;
of ivy, 38, 43;
of rose, 38, 42;
of sweet pea, 39, 43;
of sycamore, 38, 42, 58, 157, 158;
shapes of, 37, 40;
simple and compound, 41;
skeleton, 37, 39;
veins of, 37, 39;
work of, 48
Legume, 165, 168
Ligule, 125, 127
Lily family, 119, 120
Limbs, movement of, 225;
of cat, 246;
of chick-embryo, 288, 292;
of dog, 248;
of pigeon, 266, 270;
of rabbit, 216, 223, 228;
of sheep, 259, 261
Lime, 152, 154, 155; fruit of, 174
Limnaea, 379, 382
Liver, 232, 233
Liverwort, 199, 200
Lobster, 372, 374
Locomotion,
of cat, 247, 251;
of crab, 377;
of dog, 249, 251;
of earthworm, 383, 385;
of fresh-water mussel, 380;
of garden snail, 379, 382;
of insects, 353, 360, 368;
of rabbit, 216
Lombardy poplar, 150, 152
“Lords and Ladies,” 122
Lupine seed, 3, 7, 11, 14

Maize seed, 18, 19; germination of, 21
Male fern, 183, 185
Mammals, 220
Mandibles,
of caterpillar, 365;
of cockroach, 349, 352;
of crayfish and lobster, 373, 375
Mantle of fresh-water mussel, 378, 381;
of garden snail, 379, 381
Maps, use of, in Nature-study, 389
Marjoram, 118
Marsh marigold, 97, 98
Martin,
house, 311, 315;
sand, 311, 315
Mast of beech, 142
Mastication, 219
Mavis, 301, 303
Maxillae,
of cockroach, 350, 353;
of crayfish and lobster, 373, 375;
of Lepidoptera, 367
Maxillary palps of cockroach, 353
Maxillipedes of crayfish and lobster, 373, 375
Meadow,
catstail, 132, 136;
fescue, 132, 134;
flower of, 131;
foxtail, 132, 134, 135;
grasses, 132, 135;
vetchling, 101
Medullary rays, 74
Metamorphosis of frog, 346
Mineral matter in plants, 26, 28, 29
Mint, 118
Missel-thrush, 302, 306
Molluscs, 378
Monkshood, 99
Monocotyledons, 23, 40
Mosses, 199, 201
Moth, 368;
tiger-moth, 364, 369;
vapourer-moth, 364, 369
Moulds, 207, 208
Moulting of birds, 277, 327, 329
Mountain ash, 157
Mucor, 207, 208
Mullein, 116
Muscles, action of, 224, 225
Mushroom, 203
Musk, 115, 116
Mussel, fresh-water, 378, 380
Mustard, 94, 96; seed, 3, 7, 11
Mycelium,
of moulds, 208, 209;
of mushroom, 203, 205
Myriapods, 378

Narcissus, 120
Natural selection, 217, 338
Nectary, 90
Neuroptera, 370
Nodes, 45
Nuts, 175, 177

Oak, 140, 142;
family, 140;
fruit of, 175, 177
Oat, 133, 136
Oranges, 176, 179
Orthoptera, 357
Ovary, 92
Ovule, 92
Oxen, 261
Oxygen, liberated by leaves, 48, 51

Pales, 129, 130
Pancreas, 232, 233
Pancreatic juice, 232, 234
Panicle, 130
Pansy, fruit of, 166, 169
Parsley, 108;
family, 106, 107;
fool’s, 108;
hedge, 107
Parsnip, 108
Passerine order of birds, 320
Pea, 99;
family, 99, 101;
fruit of, 7, 165, 168;
leaves of, 39, 43;
seed, 2, 7;
seed, germination of, 9, 13
Pear, 104, 106; fruit of, 176, 180
Pellia, 199, 200
Penicillium, 207, 208
Perching of pigeon, 271
Perennial rye grass, 133, 137
Perianth, 119, 121
Pericarp, 167
Petal, 91
Pets, 214
Pigeon, 265, 270
Pigeons, different breeds of, 279
Pine cones, 160, 162, 171, 174
Pine, Scotch, 160, 161
Pistil, 91
Plane, 157, 159
Plants and animals, resemblances and differences, 243
Plants, respiration of, 243
Play of young animals, 248, 249, 258, 262
Plough-share bone of pigeon, 269
Plum, 106; fruit of, 175, 179
Plumule of bean, 2, 6
Pod, 103
Poison hemlock, 106, 107, 108
Pollen, 91
Pond-life, 340, 357, 378, 379, 390
Pond-snails, 379, 382
Pouter pigeon, 280
Poplar, 150, 151
Poppy, fruit of, 166, 168
Posterior, 217
Potato, 81, 84
Poultry, 296, 299
Precocious birds, 296, 329
Prickles, 75, 77
Primrose, 108, 109; fertilisation of, 109
Proboscis of butterfly, 367
Pro-legs of caterpillar, 365
Protective colouration,
of frog, 332;
of rabbit, 217
Prothallus,
of ferns, 184, 185, 188, 191;
of horsetail, 192, 195
Pupa,
of cabbage-white butterfly, 363, 366;
of Dytiscus, 361;
of tiger-moth, 364, 369

Rabbit, 211; digestion in, 233
Radicle,
of bean, 2, 6;
of lupine, 7;
of pea, 2, 7;
of sycamore, 4
Radish, 94, 95
Raspberry, 105, 175, 179
Receptacle, 90
Red, clover, 101;
fertilisation of, 101;
corpuscles of blood, 237, 242
Reproduction,
of a grass, 128;
of a moss, 201;
of ferns, 187, 188;
of flowering plants, 89;
of horsetail, 195;
of liverwort, 201;
of moulds, 208, 209;
of mushroom, 205
Respiration, 240;
definition of, 242;
of chick-embryo, 294;
of cockroach, 355;
of crustaceans, 376, 377;
of fresh-water mussel, 381;
of frog, 337;
of mammals, 242, 243;
of pigeon, 279;
of snail, 379, 382, 383;
of tadpole, 344
Resting stage,
of butterfly, 363, 366;
of Dytiscus, 361
Ribs of rabbit, 217, 223, 227
Rock pigeon, 280
Rodents, 220
Rook, 312, 318
Root cap, 17
Root, hairs, 17, 28, 30; lengthening of, 16
Rootlets, 17
Roots, 17, 21, 28;
as storehouses of food, 28, 30;
climbing, 75, 78;
work of, 28, 30
Rose, 103, 104;
family, 103;
fruit of, 176, 180;
leaves of, 38, 42
Rowan tree, 157
Ruminants, 261
Runner, 80, 82
Rushes, 133, 138
Rye grass, 133, 137

Saliva, 233, 234
Sallow willow, 150
Sand-martin, 311, 315
Saugh tree, 150
Scales of Lepidoptera, 364, 367
Scotch pine, 160, 161
Secondary thickening, 73
Sedges, 133, 138
Seeds,
germination of, 9, 12;
of broad bean, 1, 5, 9, 13;
of maize, 18, 19;
of mustard, 3, 7, 11;
of pea, 2, 7;
of sycamore, 3, 8, 11, 13;
of vegetable marrow, 3, 7, 11;
of wheat, 18, 19;
of yellow lupine, 3, 7, 11
Sepal, 90
Sheep, 257, 258
Sheep’s,
fescue, 132, 133, 134;
heart, structure of, 235, 237
Shell of hen’s egg, 282, 284
Shell,
of fresh-water mussel, 378, 381;
of garden snail, 379, 382;
of slug, 382
Shepherd’s purse, 93, 95; fruit of, 165
Shoot, 69
Shoulder blade of rabbit, 223, 228
Silicula, 165, 168
Siliqua, 165, 168
Skeleton,
leaves, 37, 39;
of arthropods, 351;
of pigeon, 268;
of rabbit, 217, 222, 226;
uses of, 224
Skin of frog, 334, 338
Skull,
of pigeon, 268;
of rabbit, 217, 222, 226
Skylark, 311, 316
Slender foxtail, 134, 135
Smell-sense of moths, 369; of rabbit, 218
Snapdragon, 116
Snowdrop, 120, 122
Soaring, 278
Song-thrush, 301, 303
Sounds of heart, 238
Spanish chestnut, 148
Sparrow, 315, 320
Sparrow hawk, 329, 330
Spawn,
of frog, 339, 340, 341;
of Limnaea, 380
Speedwell, 115, 116
Spiders, 378
Spikelet, 128, 130
Spinneret of caterpillar, 363, 365
Spiracles,
of cabbage-white caterpillar, 363, 365;
of cockroach, 350, 355
Spores,
of ferns, 184, 185, 187, 190, 191;
of horsetail, 195;
of liverwort, 199, 201;
of moss, 200, 202;
of Mucor, 207, 208;
of mushroom, 203, 205;
of Penicillium, 207, 209
Spruce fir, 161, 163; cones, 171, 174
Squirrels, 178, 220
Stamen, 91
Standard, 100, 102
Starch, 229;
action of saliva on, 230, 234;
formation of, in leaves, 32, 34;
in cotyledons, 2, 6;
in leaves, 48, 50;
in twigs, 56;
test for, 2, 32
Stem, lengthening of, 16
Stems,
bleeding of, 67, 70;
climbing, 75;
creeping, 80, 82;
duties of, 68;
food channels in, 67, 68, 69, 71;
hooking, 75;
of grasses, 72, 75;
of ivy, 75, 77, 78;
strengthening of, 71, 72, 75;
thickening of, 72;
twining, 76, 79;
underground, 80, 83
Sternum,
of pigeon, 269;
of rabbit, 217, 223, 227
Stigma, 91
Stipules, 39, 43
Stock, 94
Stolon, 81, 83, 125, 126
Stomach, 231, 232; of ruminant, 260
Stomata, 53
Stone fruits, 175, 179
Storm-cock, 302, 307
Strawberry, 105; fruit of, 176, 180, 181
Style of flower, 91
Sugar, 230
Sugar, formation of,
in germinating pea, 33;
in grasses, 126
Swallow, 310, 313; family, 310, 312
Sweet chestnut, 148
Sweet-scented vernal grass, 133, 137
Swift, 321, 322
Swimmerets of crayfish and lobster, 373, 375
Sycamore, 157, 158;
buds of, 56, 60;
fruit of, 3, 8, 171, 173;
leaves of, 38, 42, 58, 157, 158;
seeds of, 3, 8, 11, 13

Tadpoles, 341, 344
Tail,
of rabbit, 215;
of tadpole, 346, 347
Teeth, of cat, 246, 255;
of dog, 248, 255;
of frog, 333, 336;
of rabbit, 219;
of sheep, 257, 259
Tendrils, 43, 76, 79
Tentacles of snail, 379, 382
Thistle, 112, 114
Thorax,
of cockroach, 350, 353;
of rabbit, 218
Thorns, 75, 78
Throstle, 301, 303
Thrush, 301, 303;
family, 301, 303;
missel, 302, 306
Thyme, 118
Tiger-moth, 364, 369
Timothy grass, 132, 135, 136
Toadstools, 204, 206
Tongue,
of cat, 246, 252;
of frog, 333, 336
Tuber, 81, 84, 191, 194
Tumbler pigeon, 279
Turnip, 94, 95
Twining stems, 76, 79, 80

Valves,
of heart, 236, 238, 239;
of veins, 235, 239
Vapourer-moth, 364, 369
Vegetable marrow,
seed of, 3, 7, 11, 14;
fruit of, 176, 179
Vegetable mould, formation of, by earthworms, 384, 386
Veins,
of leaves, 37, 39;
valves of, 235, 239
Ventral, 217
Ventricles of heart, 235, 237
Vertebrae,
of pigeon, 269;
of rabbit, 223, 227
Vertebral column, 217, 222, 227
Vertebrates, 220, 355
Vetch, 100
Violet, fruit of, 166, 169

Wallflower, 88, 89;
family, 93, 94;
fruit of, 165, 167
Warren of rabbit, 211, 214
Water,
amount of, in plants, 26;
culture, 27;
dropwort, 108;
hemlock, 108
Wheat seed, 18, 19; germination of, 21
Whiskers,
of bat, 256;
of cat, 246, 250;
of rabbit, 217
White,
mould, 207, 208;
of egg, 283, 285
Wild oat, 133, 136
Willow, 150; fruit of, 171, 173
Windhover, 329, 331
Wind-sown seed, 172
Wing-covers,
of cockroach, 350, 354;
of beetles, 358, 359, 362
Winged seeds, 174
Wings,
of bat, 257;
of cockroach, 350, 353;
of pea flower, 100, 102;
of pigeon, 266, 270, 273
Wood 70, 71, 72;
avens, fruit of, 174, 177;
louse, 377
Wool, 257, 258
“Woolly bear,” 364, 369
Worm castings, 384, 386
Worms, 383

Yellowoat Grass, 137
Yolk of hen’s egg, 283, 285
Yorkshire fog, 125, 132, 136

GLASGOW: PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO. LTD.

A HEALTH READER

BY
C. E. SHELLY, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.P.
CONSULTING MEDICAL OFFICER, HAILEYBURY COLLEGE

AND

E. STENHOUSE, B.Sc.
ASSOCIATE OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, LONDON

_Globe 8vo._

=BOOK I.= For children of 9 to 10 years of age. 160 pp. 1s.
=BOOK II.= For children of 10 to 12 years of age. 204 pp. 1s. 4d.
=BOOK III.= For children of 12 to 14 years of age. [_In the Press._

_SOME PRESS OPINIONS._