Chapter XVII: The Distribution of Freshwater Fishes 208

List of Freshwater Fishes, 208--Continuous and interrupted range
of distribution, 209--The ways of dispersal of Freshwater
fishes, 211--A wide range of a type is not necessarily proof of
its antiquity, 212--Each fauna is composed of ancient, autochthont,
and immigrant species, 213--Division of the globe
into zoological regions; freshwater fishes have been spread in
circumpolar zones, 215--Cyprinidæ and Siluridæ, most important
families in recognising the zoo-geographical regions,
216--Division of the faunæ of Freshwater fishes, 217--I.
_Equatorial Zone_, 218--Indian Region, 220--African Region,
227--Tropical American or Neotropical Region, 233--Tropical
Pacific Region, 238--II. _Northern Zone_, 240--Europe-Asiatic
or Palæarctic Region, 243--North American or Nearctic
Region, 246--III. _Southern Zone_, with Tasmanian, New
Zealand, and Fuegian Sub-regions, 248.

CHAPTER XVIII.

THE FISHES OF THE BRACKISH WATER 251

CHAPTER XIX.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE FISHES 255

Shore-fishes, Pelagic, and Deep-sea fishes, 255--List of
Shore-fishes, 257--Oceanic areæ as determined by Shore-fishes,
259--Distribution of Shore-fishes compared with that of
Freshwater-fishes, 260--I. _Arctic Ocean_, 261--II. _Northern
Temperate Zone_, 262--Temperate North-Atlantic, 262--with
British, 263--Mediterranean, 264--and North American districts,
266--Temperate North-Pacific, 268--with Kamtschatkan,
269--Japanese, 270--and Californian districts, 271--III.
_Equatorial Zone_, 272--with Tropical Atlantic, 278--Indo-Pacific
Ocean, 278--and the Pacific Coasts of Tropical America,
279--IV. _Southern Temperate Zone_, 281--with the Cape of Good
Hope, 283--South Australia and New Zealand, 283--Chile, 288--and
Patagonia, 289--V. _Antarctic Ocean_, 289.

CHAPTER XX.

DISTRIBUTION OF PELAGIC FISHES 292