Chapter L: L, the deck-transom (7)

ETRE _au dessus du vent_. See AVANTAGE _du vent_.

ETRE _banqué_, or _débanqué_, to be upon, or off, the grand bank of
Newfoundland.

ETRE _dans les eaux d’un vaisseau_, to be in the wake of a ship.

ETRE _de bout au vent_. See ALLER _de bout au vent_.

ETRE _flanc à flanc_. See PROLONGER.

ETRE _pratique de la mer_, to be accustomed or inured to the sea.

ETRIER, the lower link of the chains of a shroud, which is bolted to
the wales.

ETRIERS, strops formed of a piece of rope. See ESTROPES.

ETUVE, a stove in a dock-yard, fitted with furnaces and cauldrons, for
tarring cordage, &c.

EVENT, the vent of a cannon, or difference between the diameter of the
bore and the diameter of the shot.

EVENTER _les voiles_, to fill the sails.

EVITÉE, the channel of a river, or the breadth of a channel.

EVITÉE, a birth, or sufficient space to let a ship swing round at the
length of her mooring.

EVITÉE is also the birth or space between two ships at anchor, or
between one ship and some neighbouring object; likewise the sweep or
swing of a ship round her anchor, at the length of her cable.

EVITER _à marée_, to stem the tide or current.

EVITER _au vent_, to carry the head to windward, to stem the wind.

EVOLUTIONS, the movements of a fleet in forming the line of battle, or
the orders of retreat, or sailing.

EXERCICE, the naval exercise, or the preparatory practice of
unmooring, setting sail, stowing the anchors, &c.

EXERCICE _du canon_, the exercise of the great guns.

EXPEDITION _maritime_, a cruise or long voyage at sea.

F.

FABRIQUE, the particular built or structure of a ship, either with
regard to her figure, or the place where she was fabricated.

FABRIQUER, to build or construct a ship.

FAÇONS, the narrowing of a ship’s floor afore and abaft.

FAGOT. See BARQUE.

FAIRE _abattre_. See ABATTRE.

FAIRE _abordage_. See ABORDAGE.

FAIRE _aiguade_, or FAIRE _de l’eau_, to water a ship, or procure the
provision of water necessary for a voyage, &c.

FAIRE _bon bord_, or _bonne bordée_, to make a good board or tack,
when turning to windward.

FAIRE _canal_, to sail through a streight or narrow channel. This
phrase is more peculiar to the gallies than other vessels.

FAIRE _capot_, to overset, or overturn, at sea.

FAIRE _chapelle_. See CHAPELLE.

FAIRE _chaudiere_, to cook and prepare the seamens victuals.

FAIRE _courir_, or _recourir la bouline_, or _toute autre manœuvre_,
to let run, or over-haul the bowline, or any other rope.

FAIRE _dégrat_, to quit a station, on the banks of Newfoundland, where
there are few fish, in order to search for a better fishing place.

FAIRE _des feux_, to hang out lanthorns, as signals of distress, in
different places of a ship, in the night.

FAIRE _du bois_, _du biscuit_, _du vin_, _de la farine_, &c. to
furnish a ship with the provision of wood, bread, wine, flour, &c.

FAIRE _eau_, to leak, to make water.

FAIRE _escale_, to touch at any intermediate port in the course of a
voyage.

FAIRE _feu des deux bords_, to cannonade, or fire on an enemy, from
both sides of a ship.

FAIRE _filer un cable_, to pay out a larger scope of cable.

FAIRE _force de voiles_, to make sail, to croud sail.

FAIRE _force de voiles & rames_, to croud sail and exert all the force
of the oars.

FAIRE _gouverner_, to cunn the ship, or observe that the helmsman
steers the ship right.

FAIRE _honneur à une roche ou a quelqu’autre danger_, to give birth to
a rock or other dangerous object in a ship’s course.

FAIRE _la course_. See ALLER _en course_.

FAIRE _la grande bordée_, to set the half-watch, or the watch of half
the ship’s crew, as at sea.

FAIRE _le petit bordée_. See BORDÉE.

FAIRE _le nord_, _le sud_, &c. to stand to the northward, southward,
&c.

FAIRE _pavillon_, to carry a broad pendant, as the commodore or
commander in chief of a squadron, &c.

FAIRE _pavillon_, or _banniere d’une nation_, to hoist or shew the
colours.

FAIRE _pavillon blanc_, to display a flag of truce.

FAIRE _petites voiles_, to be under small sails, to carry little sail.

FAIRE _plus de voiles_, to make sail, to make more sail.

FAIRE _quarantaine_, to perform quarantine.

FAIRE _route_, to stand onward on the course.

FAIRE _sa route en droiture_. See ALLER _en droiture_.

FAIRE _servir_, to fill the sails; to make sail, after having lain by
for some time.

FAIRE _servir les voiles_, to brace about and fill.

FAIRE _son quart_. See QUART.

FAIRE _téte_, to carry the head to a current or wind.

FAIRE _une descente_, to invade, or make a descent upon, an enemy’s
country.

FAIRE _voiles_ or _voile_, to depart and set sail; to be under sail.

FAIS COURIR, keep her full! the order to the helmsman to steer the
ship so as not to shake in the wind when close hauled.

FAIT, fixed, or set-in; an epithet applied to the wind, when it is
supposed to be settled for a time.

FAIX, or FAIX _de pont_. See ILOIRES.

FALAISE, a steep and bold shore.

FALAISER, to break or burst over the rocks, &c. understood of the
waves upon a sea coast.

FANAL, a light-house on the sea-coast. See PHARE.

FANAL is also the poop or quarter-lanthorn of a ship.

FANAL _de hune_, the top-lanthorn.

FANAL _de soute_, the light-room of a ship’s magazine.

FANAUX _de combat_, the lanthorns used between the guns, in time of
battle.

FANAUX _pour signaux_, signal-lanthorns.

FANON, the balance of the mizen.

FARAILLON, a small sand-bank.

FARAIS, a sort of nets for fishing of coral.

FARDAGE, the dinnage laid in a ship’s hold, when she is to be laden
with a cargo of corn, fast, &c.

FARE. See PHARE.

FARGUES, or FARDES, the sides of a ship’s waist, from the main-deck
upwards to the gunnel.

FASIER, to shiver the sails. See BARBEYER.

FAUBER, a swab. Whence

FAUBERTER, to swab a ship’s decks, &c.

FAUSSE _écoute_. See ÉCOUTES _de bonnettes en étui_.

FAUSSE _étrave_, or rather CONTRE _étrave_, the stemson.

FAUSSE _galerie_, a quarter-badge.

FAUSSE _quille_, a piece of timber placed on the top of the keel, in
the interval between the dead-wood afore and abaft: also the false
keel.

FAUSSES _lances_, wooden guns, fixed on a ship’s side to deceive an
enemy in time of war.

FAUX _coté_, the side of a ship which heels most when she is
lap-sided, or is not trimmed upright by her cargo.

FAUX _étai_, a preventer-main-stay.

FAUX _étais_, a general name for the stay-sail-stays.

FAUX _étambot_, the back of the stern-post.

FAUX _feux_, signals made by false fires.

FAUX _pont_, the orlop-deck, or platform.

FAUX _racage_, a preventer-parrel, used to confine the yard to the
mast, in case the parrel should be shot away in battle. This machine
is never used in English shipping.

FAUX _ringot_. See SAFRAN.

FAUX _sabords_, false ports, painted in a ship’s side, to deceive an
enemy. See FAUSSES _lances_.

FAYFENA, a sort of Japonese galley, which usually rows with about
thirty oars.

FELOUQUE, an Italian felucca.

FEMELLES, the googings used to hang the rudder on the stern-post.

FÉMELOTS, the googings of a boat’s rudder, &c.

FER, a name given to an anchor in a row-galley.

FER _de chandelier de pierrier_, the socket in which the swivel of a
pedrero rests and traverses.

FER _de girouette_, the spindle which supports the vane at the
mast-head.

FERLER, to furl, hand, or stow the sails.

FERMETURE. See the subsequent article.

FERMURES, the planks of a ship’s side in the intervals between the
wales.

FERRURE, the iron-work of a ship, as chains, bolts, spikes, nails, &c.

FERRURE _de chaloupe_, the iron-work employed to fit the mast, boom,
and rudder of a long-boat.

FERRURE _de gouvernail_, the pintles and googings of a ship’s rudder.

FERRURE _de sabords_, the hinges of the gun-ports.

FERS _d’arcboutans_, or _boute de hors_, the goose-neck of a
studding-sail-boom; also the fork of a fire-boom.

FERS _pour les criminels_, bilboes, or fetters, to confine criminals.

FESSES, a name usually given to the buttocks, or prominent quarters,
of a Dutch flight or cat.

FEU _grégeois_, an artificial fire, or inflammable composition, used
sometimes to burn an enemy’s ship in battle.

FEU _saint Elme_, a corposant, sometimes called Castor and Pollux.

FEUX _d’artifice_, artificial fires used at sea.

FICHURE, a fish-gig, or staff with several grains or prongs, used to
strike fish at sea. See FOESNE.

FIGALE, an Indian vessel with one mast, usually rowed with oars.

FIGULES, or FIGURES. See ENFLECHURES.

FIL _de carret_, a rope-yarn.

FIL _de voile, de tré, ou de trévier_, twine for sail-making.

FILADIERE, a small flat-bottomed boat used on the Garonne.

FILANDRES, sea-weeds which adhere to a ship’s bottom that has been
long at sea.

FILARETS, rails used to extend the nettings on a ship’s quarter,
waist, or fore-castle.

FILE _bouline_, check the bowline! the order to ease-off, or let go
the bowline, when the ship veers before the wind.

_Ne_ FILE _plus, amarre_, keep fast the cable! stopper the cable! veer
no more!

FILER, to slacken, or lower gradually.

FILER _du cable_, to veer out, or veer away the cable.

FILER _de l’écoute_, to ease-off a sheet.

FILER _le cable bout par bout_, to veer away the cable to the end, to
veer out the cable end for end.

FILER _les manœuvres_. See LARGUER.

FILER _sur ses ancres_, to pay out more cable to the anchors.

FILER _toute l’écoute_, to let fly a sheet, as in a squall of wind
which endangers the ship.

FILET, a sort of moulding on a ship’s side.

FILET _de merlin_, a marling; a small line so called. See MERLIN.

FILEUX, or TAQUET. See TAQUET.

FIN _de voiles_, swift of sailing.

FISCAL, or _Avocat_-FISCAL, an officer whose duty is similar to that
of the judge-advocate of a court-martial at sea.

FISOLERES, small boats used by the Venetians, one of which is often
carried by the waterman who manages it, upon his shoulders.

FISOLLE, or FICELLE, whipping-twine; also a fox, formed of a single
rope-yarn.

FLAMBEAU _de mer_, a title given to a book of sea-charts, coasts,
soundings, &c.

FLAMME, a broad-pendant, displayed as a mark of distinction, ornament,
or signal.

FLAMMEROLES. See FEU _saint Elme_.

FLANC _de vaisseau_, the side of a ship.

_Etre_ FLANC _à_ FLANC, to lie alongside of, to be
broadside-and-broadside.

FLASQUES, the cheeks or sides of a gun-carriage.

FLECHE _de l’eperon_. See HERPES and LISSES _de poulaine_.

FLETTE, a sort of punt, or flat-bottomed boat, used for the passage of
a river, or carrying goods, &c.

_A_ FLEUR _d’eau_, level with the surface of the water.

FLEURS, those parts of a ship which lie at the floor-heads, or the
upper-ends of the floor-timbers.

FLIBOT, a small Dutch vessel, which usually carries about one hundred
tons, and has a main-mast and fore-mast, without any top-mast.

FLIBUSTIERS, or CORSAIRES, freebooters or bucaneers.

Florer _un vaisseau_, or _lui donner les_ FLEURS, to pay a ship’s
bottom; to give her a clean bottom by careening, &c.

FLOT, FLOTS, the surge or waves of the sea.

_Abandonner un vaisseau à la merci des_ FLOTS, to let a ship drive at
the mercy of the waves and winds.

FLOT, the flood-tide.

_Demi_-FLOT, half-flood.

_Il y à_ FLOT, the tide flows, it is flowing water.

_Etre à_ FLOT, to float, to be afloat upon the water.

_Ligne de_ FLOTTAISON, a line described on the bottom of a ship, by
the surface of the water in which she floats.

FLOTTE, a fleet of ships.

FLOTTER, to swim or float upon the surface of the water.

FLOTTILLE, a small squadron of Spanish ships, usually stationed in
America.

FLUTE, a flight or fly-boat, called also PINQUE, but differing in
shape from the English ship so called.

FLUX & REFLUX, the tides of flood and ebb.

FOC, a jib.

_Le grand_ Foc, the standing jib.

FOESNE, a forked instrument with several prongs and a long handle to
strike fish; it is usually termed grains, or fish-gig, by the
English mariners. See FICHURE.

FOIT _de mât_, the height of a mast, expressed of a very high or taunt
mast.

FONCET, a long flat-bottomed barge, for carrying goods in a river, &c.

FOND, the ground or bottom of the sea.

FOND _d’affut_, the sole or bottom of a gun-carriage.

FOND _de bonne tenüe_, good holding ground, or good anchoring-ground.

FOND _de cale_, the hold of a ship.

FOND _de cours ou cure_, a bottom of fine sand.

FOND _de la hune_, the platform or flooring of the top.

FOND _de mauvaise tenüe_, bad anchoring ground.

FOND _de roche_, rocky ground.

FOND _de son_, a bottom where the sand appears like bran.

FOND _de voile_, the bunt of a sail.

_Point de_ FOND, out of soundings.

FOND _d’aiguilles_, a bottom or ground abounding with pointed shells.

FOND-_haut, ou haut_-FOND, a shoal or high ground, or sand bank.

FOND _d’un basse voile_, the foot of a lower sail.

_Prendre_ FOND, _toucher, relacher_, to anchor or touch at a place in
passing.

_Aller à_ FOND, to sink, to go to the bottom.

_Plat_-FOND _d’un vaisseau_, the floor or bottom of a ship.

FOQUE _de beaupré_, the jib, or flying-jib. See FOC.

FORBAN, a pirate. See PIRATE.

FORCE _de voiles_, _fair_ FORCE _de voiles_, to make sail, to croud
sail.

FORCER _de rames_, _faire_ FORCE _de rames_, to row strongly, so as to
redouble the efforts of the oars.

FORCER _des voiles_, to croud sail, to carry a press of sail.

FOURCHETTE, a pair of sheers, or machine to mast or dismast a ship.

FORME, a wet dock.

FORME _en talud_, a slip, or declivity on the banks of a river, where
ships are built.

FORMES _de vaisseaux_. See BALOIRES.

FORT _de virer_, a term amongst the French common sailors, which
answers to, avast-heaving.

FORTUNE _de mer_, the accidents or disasters of the sea, occasioned by
pirates, shallows, &c.

FORTUNE _de vent_, a tempest or violent storm, in the dialect of
Provence.

_Voile de_ FORTUNE, the square or lug-sail of a galley or tartane, in
the Mediterranean. See TREOU.

FOSSE, a creek or small haven on the sea-coast, where ships may come
to anchor.

FOSSE is also a place out of soundings on the edge of a bank.

FOSSE _au lion_, the boatswain’s store room, in the fore part of a
ship.

FOSSE _aux cables_, the cable stage, or cable tier, in the orlop, &c.

FOSSE _aux mâts_, a place where the masts are kept afloat in salt
water, in a dock-yard.

FOUETTER, to strike or slap back against the mast; expressed of the
sails of a ship, when they are first taken aback.

FOUGON, the cobose, grate, or fire-place of a ship, in the language of
Provence.

FOUGUE, _mât de_ FOUGUE, _ou à foule_, the mizen-mast.

_Vergue de_ FOUGUE, _ou foule_, the cross jack-yard.

FOUGUE, or _perroquet de Fougue_, the mizen-top-sail.

FOULOIR, an instrument which serves as a rammer and spunge of a
cannon.

FOUR, a sort of breast-hook or knee, used to strengthen the bows of a
boat.

FOURCATS, the crotches, placed in the after and fore hold, as
floor-timbers.

FOURCHE _de potence de pompe_, the ears of a pump.

FOURCHES _de carene_, breaming-hooks, or forks used to hold the
flaming furze or faggots to a ship’s bottom when graving.

FOURRER, to serve the cables, as with rounding, keckling, plat, &c.

FOURRURE, a general name for service of leather, plat, canvas, or
ropes.

FOYER, a light-house, a light or fire on the sea coast, to direct
shipping in the night. See PHARE.

FRAICHEUR, a fresh wind or steddy breeze.

FRAICHIR, to freshen, or blow stronger; expressed of an increasing
gale.

FRAIS, a light or small breeze.

FRANC _d’eau_, pumped out, or free of water.

_Rendre le navire_ FRANC _d’eau_, to pump the water out from a ship’s
bottom; to free her by the pump.

FRANC-_funin_, a white hauser or large untarred rope, used for several
purposes.

FRANCHE-_bouline_, upon a bowline, upon a wind, close hauled.

FRANCHIR _la lame_, to head the sea, to sail against the setting of
the sea.

FRANCHIR _l’eau_. See _Rendre le navire_ FRANC, &c.

FRANCHIR _une roche_, to pass over or forge off from a rock, after
having struck, touched, or rested upon it.

FRAPPER, to fix on, or set up the standing-rigging: also to make fast,
when expressed of _large_ ropes; as _amarrer_, to belay, is used in
the same sense for _smaller_ ones.

FRÉGATE, a frigate of war.[60]

FRÉGATE _d’avis_, a sloop of war, packet-boat, or tender.

FRÉGATE _légere_, a light or small frigate, carrying from 30 to 20
guns.

FREGATÉ, _frigate built_, or formed with a deep waist.

FREGATON, a sort of Venetian ketch,

FREINS. See REFREINS.

FRELER, to furl, or hand the sail. See FERLER.

FREQUENTER _un port_, to trade often to one harbour.

FRET, the freight or hire of a ship; called also _fretement_.

FRETER, to freight or hire a ship.

FRETEUR, the proprietor or owner of a ship, to whom the freight for
the merchandize is paid.

FRIBSUTIER. See FLIBUSTIERS.

FRISER _les sabords_, to line the gun-ports with bays or kersey, to
prevent the water from entering at sea.

FRISONS, cans or jugs.

FRONTEAU, the breast-work, a moulding ornamented with sculpture, and
sometimes a sort of balustrade, reaching athwart the ship from one
side to the other, and serving to terminate the quarter-deck and
poop at the fore-end, and the fore-castle both afore and abaft.

FRONTON. See MIROIR.

FUNER _un mât_, to fix the standing-rigging on the mast-head.

FUNIN, cordage of a certain size, which is particularly used for the
running-ropes, and sometimes for the standing-rigging. See
FRANC-_funin_.

FURIN, the offing, the high sea, deep water; as, _Mettre un vaisseau
en_ FURIN, to carry or conduct a ship out to sea, or over the bar,
&c. of a harbour into deep water.

FUSEAUX, or TAQUETS _de cabestan_. See TAQUETS.

FUSÉE _dans un brulot_, the pipe or channel of the train in a
fire-ship.

FUSÉE _d’aviron_, a mouse on the middle of an oar, to confine it in
the strop or grommet.

FUSÉE _de vindas, ou de cabestan volant_, the main-piece or body of
the windlass, into which the handspecks are put.

FUSÉES _de tournevire_, the mouses of the viol.

FUSTE, a low and capacious vessel navigated with sails and oars.

FUT _de girouette_, the vane-stock.

FUTAILLE, the water and provision-casks of a ship.

G.

GABARE, GABARRE, a sort of flat-bottomed lighter or barge, used in the
river Loire, to lade and unlade shipping.

GABARIER, a lighter-man, or the person who conducts the _gabare_.

GABARI, a sort of model to represent the outline and thickness of the
frames of a ship’s timbers. See COUPLE.

_Premier_ GABARI, or rather _maître_ GABARI, the midship-frame.

GABARIS _de l’arriere_, the after-frames.

GABARIS _de l’avant_, the fore-timbers or frames.

GABIE, the top, in the dialect of Provence.

GABIER, the captain of the main, or fore-top.

GABORD, the garboard-streak, or plank next to the keel in a ship’s
bottom.

GABURONS. See JUMELLES.

GACHER, to row, or advance a boat with oars.

GAFFE, a boat-hook. See CROC.

GAFFER, to hook and draw any thing near with a boat-hook.

GAGNER _le vent_, or GAGNER _au vent, &c._ to gain the wind of, to get
to windward of. See AVANTAGE _du vent_.

GAGNER _sur un vaisseau_, to fore-reach or gain upon; to gain ground
of some ship in company.

GAGNER _un port, un havre, un degré de latitude_, to secure a harbour,
or arrive at a rendezvous without interruption.

GAILLARD, or CHATEAU, the elevation of the quarter-deck and
fore-castle.

GAILLARDELETTE, or GALAN, the flag of the fore-mast.

GAILLARDET, a sort of broad pendant displayed at the fore-mast-head.

GAINE _de flamme_, the canvas edging fixed on the head of a pendant,
to contain the stock.

GALAUBANS, the back-stays of the top-masts and top-gallant-masts.

GALÉACE, or GALÉACE, a galléasse, or great galley of Venice.

GALERE, a row-galley.

GALERE _patrone_, the second of the galleys of France, Tuscany, and
Malta.

GALERIE, the gallery or balcony of a ship’s stern, or quarter.

GALERIES _du fond de cale_, certain passages formed close to the
cieling in the hold of a ship of war, for the discovery of leaks.
See ACCOURSIE.

_Fausse_ GALERIES, the badges of the quarters in a small ship.

GALERNE, a north-west wind.

GALET, a sea-coast abounding with flints.

GALETTE, round and flat sea-biscuit.

GALION, a galleon, or Spanish ship of war of the Indian fleet.

GALIOTE, a half galley; also a Dutch fishing vessel.

GALIOTE _à bombes_, a bomb-ketch.

GALIOTE _servant de yacht d’avis_, a packet, or advice-boat.

GALOCHE, a snatch-block; also a hole made in the coamings of a
hatchway, for the cable to rest when the hatches are laid.

GALOCHE likewise implies the stock or frame into which the feet of the
sheet-kevels are fixed by the ship’s side.

GAMBES _de hune_, the futtock-shrouds.

GAMELLE, a bowl or platter to hold the sailors victuals; also a mess
or company of them who eat together.

_Etre à la_ GAMELLE. See ETRE, &c.

GANTERIAS. See BARRES _de hune_.

GARANT, a tackle-fall, or the part upon which they pull in hoisting,
&c.

GARBIN, the south-west wind, in the dialect of Provence.

GARCETTES, a general name for all sorts of platted cordage; as,

_Maîtresse_-GARCETTE, the bunt-gasket, or middle-gasket of a yard.

GARCETTES _de bonnettes_, the keys or buttons of the bonnets.

GARCETTES _de fourrures de cables_, plat for serving the cables.

GARCETTES _de ris_, the reef-points of a sail.

GARCETTES _de tournevire_, the nippers of the cable, by which it is
attached to the viol.

GARCETTES _de voiles_, the gaskets which serve to furl the sails.

GARCONS _de bord_, the ordinary seamen in a ship of war or
merchantman.

GARDES, or QUART, the watch.

GARDE _au mât_, a person who looks out at the mast-head.

GARDE-_corps_, the side, or quarter-nettings of a ship.

GARDE-_côte_, a ship of war which cruises on the coast of a nation, to
protect it from the insults of the enemy or pirates.

GARDE _des côtes_, a military guard, employed to defend the coasts in
time of war.

GARDE-_feux_, powder-chests, or cartridge-chests.

GARDE _de la marine_, a midshipman, or naval cadet.

GARDE-_magasin_, an officer similar to the store-keeper of a
dock-yard.

GARDE-_ménagerie_, a ship’s poulterer, a person who takes care of the
beasts, fowls, &c. in a ship.

GARDER _un vaisseau_, to dog, pursue, or watch the motion of an
enemy’s ship, so as to prevent her from escaping: also to guard and
protect a ship.

GARDIEN _de la fosse à lion_, the boatswain’s yeoman.

GARDIENNERIE, or CHAMBRE _des canoniers_, the gun-room. See
SAINTE-BARBE.

GARDIENS, _matelots_-GARDIENS, the ordinary men of a dock-yard, under
the command of the master attendant.

GARES, certain small docks or retreats, formed on the side of a narrow
canal, to contain boats, that others may pass the more easily.

GARGOUSSE, or GARGOUCHE, the cartridge of a cannon or other fire-arm.

GARGOUSSIERES, a cartridge-box, or cartouch-box, for small arms.

GARITTES, the top-brims, or top-rims.

GARNIR, or rather GRÉER. See GRÉER.

GARNIR _le cabestan_, to rig the capstern, by fixing the viols, bars,
pins, and swifter, to be ready for heaving.

GARNITURE, the standing, and running-rigging of a ship, together with
the services of the yards.

GATTE, the manger of a ship.

GAVITEAU, a buoy, in the dialect of Provence. See BOUÉE.

GENOU _de la rame_, the loom of an oar.

GENOUX _de fond_, the lower futtocks of the timbers.

GENOUX _de porques_, the lower futtock-riders.

GENS _de l’équipage_. See EQUIPAGE.

GENS _de mer_, a general name for mariners.

GENS _du munitionnaire_, the steward’s crew or assistants.

GERSEAU, a block-strop. See ESTROPE.

GIBELOT, the standard which fastens the cut-water to the stem; called
also, and more properly, COURBE _capucine_.

GINDANT. See GUINDANT.

GIROUETTES, vanes of the mast-head.

GIROUETTES _quarées_, very broad vanes.

GISSEMENT, the bearings of coasts or latitudes, with respect to each
other, or to some distant object.

GIST. See the preceding article.

GLAÇONS, or _bancs de glace_, flakes, or islands of ice.

GOLFE, a gulf of the sea, as of Mexico, of Lyons, &c.

GONDS, the gudgeons by which the rudder is hung to the stern-post. See
FERRURE _de gouvernail_.

GONDOLE, a gondola of Venice.

GONDOLIERS, the master and crew of a gondola.

GONNE, a sea-cask somewhat larger than a barrel.

GORET, GORRET, a hog, or large brush to scrub the ship’s bottom under
water.

GORETER, to hog a vessel, to apply the hog.

GORGERE, _ou_ TAILLEMER, the foremost and lowest part of the
cut-water, or knee of the head.

GOUDRON, or GOUDRAN, tar.

GOUDRONNER, to tar a ship, or pay her sides with tar.

GOUFFRE, a gulf, race, or whirlpool; as the race of Portland, &c.

GOUJURE, the notch or channel cut round the outside of a block or
dead-eye, to receive the strop or rope which is fixed therein.

GOUJURE _de chouquet_, the hole on a cap, through which the haliards
of a sail is sometimes reeved.

GOULET, the strait entrance of a harbour.

GOUPILLE, the forelock of a bolt. See CLAVETTE.

GOURDIN, a cobbing-board, used to punish the slaves in the gallies.

GOURMETTE, a ship-boy, servant, or apprentice, in the dialect of
Provence; also a watchman appointed by the merchants to take care of
the goods in a lighter till they are shipped or landed.

GOURNABLES, tree-nails.

GOURNABLER _un vaisseau_, to drive the tree-nails into a ship’s sides.

GOUTIERE, or TIRE-POINT, the water ways of the decks.

GOUVERNAIL, the helm or rudder of a ship.

GOUVERNE _ou tu as le cap, ou à tel air de vent_, thus boy, thus! or,
steddy as you go! the order to steer the ship exactly as she stems,
or carries her head.

GOUVERNEMENT, the navigation or steerage of a ship.

GOUVERNER, to steer a ship or boat.

GOUVERNER _au nord_, to steer northward.

GOUVERNEUR, _ou_ TIMONNIER, the helmsman, the steersman.

GRAIN _de vent_, a sudden squall of wind or rain, or of both.

GRAIN _pesant_, a heavy or violent squall.

GRAND _mât_, the main-mast of a ship or boat.

GRAPPIN, a grappling or grapnel.

GRAPPIN _à main, ou_ GRAPPIN _d’abordage_, a fire-grappling, or
grappling of the yard-arm.

GRAPPINER, to warp a vessel towards a flake of ice, by grapplings and
ropes.

GRAS _de mer_, discoloured water at the mouth of a river, &c.

GRASSE-_bouline_. See BOULINE.

GRATTER _un vaisseau_, to scrape a ship; whence,

GRATOIR, a scraper.

GRAVE, a platform of flints, &c. whereon to dry fish in Newfoundland.

GRÉEMENT, a general name for the rigging, comprehending also the
masts, yards, and the sails when they are bent.

GRÉER, to rig a ship, or fit her with rigging, blocks, yards, sails,
&c.

GRELIN, a hauser, or stream-cable.

GRENADE _à main_, a grenade of iron or glass.

GRENIER, the floor-cieling of a ship, or a cieling which reaches only
from the kelson to the floor-heads.

_Charger en_ GRENIER. See CHARGER, _&c._

GREVE, a flat, low, and sandy shore.

GRIBANE, a small vessel navigated on the coast of Normandy, and
carrying a main-mast and fore-mast, without any tops.

GRIGNON, sea-bread called rusks, common in Holland and Denmark.

GRIP, a small vessel resembling a schooner or shallop.

GROS _d’un vaisseau_, the breadth, or extreme breadth of a ship.

GROS _temps_, a hard gale of wind, blowing weather, foul or squally
weather.

GROSSE _avanture_, bottomry.

GRUE, a crane with a wheel, used on wharfs and keys.

GUÉRLANDES. See GUIRLANDE.

GUET _de la mer_. See GARDE _des côtes_.

GUI, the main-boom of a sloop; also the fore-boom of a schooner.

GUINDAGE, the act of hoisting with tackles in general, but more
particularly with regard to the lading or unlading a ship; also the
money paid to those who are employed in such exercises.

GUINDAGES likewise imply the tackles, and other machines used in
lading, &c.

GUINDANT _d’un pavillon_, the hoist or height of an ensign or flag.

GUINDAS, the windlass. See VIREVAUT.

GUINDER, to sway up a top-mast.

GUINDERESSE, a top-rope, used to sway up, or lower the top-mast.

GUIRLANDES, the breast-hooks in a ship’s bow.

GUISPON, a brush used to pay the ship’s bottom with soap, tar, &c.

GUITERNE, a prop or shoar to support the sheers which are employed to
mast a ship, or take out her masts.

GUITRAN, a sort of bitumen, or pitch, used to pay a ship’s bottom.

GUMES, or GUMERES, a general name given in Provence to all large
ropes; as hausers, cables, &c.

H.

HABIT _de bord_, sea-cloaths, as jackets, trowsers, &c.

HABITACLE, the binacle.

HACHE _coignée_, an ax or hatchet, used by ship-wrights, &c.

HACHE _d’armes_, a pole-axe or battle-axe, used for boarding an
enemy’s ship.

HACHER, to hew or chop with an axe.

HALAGE, the tracking or towing a ship from one place to another.

HALE _à-bord_, the boat rope, or guess-rope of a boat’s moorings.

HALE-_bas_, a down-haul, or down-haul tackle.

HALE-_bouline_, a fresh-water sailor.

HALER, to haul or pull upon any rope.

HALER _le vent_, to haul the wind, or come nearer to its direction.

HALER _à la cordelle_, to warp a ship from one place to another.

HALEUR, a person who tracks a boat by a rope reaching ashore and
fastened round his waist.

HAMAC, a hammoc.

HANCHE, the quarter of a ship.

HANGARD, a shed or store house in a dock-yard, wherein the masts and
pieces of timber are covered from the weather, and ranged in order.

HANSIERE. See AUSSIERE.

HARPIN, a boat-hook. See CROC.

HARPON, a harpoon, used for striking whales.

HARPONNEUR, an harponeer, who strikes the whale.

HARPONS, are also sharp cutting-hooks, lashed to the yard-arms to
destroy the enemies rigging, in the act of boarding.

HAUBAN _de voile d’etai_, the guy of a lower-studding-sail-boom, or of
the main-boom of a brig, sloop, or schooner.

HAUBANER, to fasten the stay of a gin, triangle, or such sort of
machine, to a stake or peg.

HAUBANS, the shrouds of the masts.

HAUBANS _de beaupré_, the standing-lifts of the sprit-sail-yard.

HAUBANS _de chaloupe_, the gripes or lashings of the boats, by which
they are fastened to the decks at sea.

HAVRE, an haven, or harbour.

HAVRE-_brut_, an harbour formed by nature.

HAVRE _de toutes marées_, a port accessible at any time of the tide.

HAUSSER _un vaisseau_, to raise a distant ship by approaching her
gradually in chace.

HAUSSIERE. See AUSSIERE.

HAUT _& bas_, the order to the men at the pump to take long strokes,
which will not so readily fatigue them as the short ones, which are
quicker.

HAUT-_pendu_, a small cloud charged with a heavy squall.

HAUTE-_mer_, the offing.

_Vaisseau en_ HAUTE-_mer_, a ship in the offing.

HAUTE-_marée_, _le vif de l’eau_, _pleine-marée_, high-water, a
spring-tide, a spring-flood.

HAUTE-_somme_, contingent-money, expended on account of any
extraordinary charges.

HAUTES-_voiles_, the top-sails and top-gallant-sails.

HAUTEUR, _ou_ LATITUDE, the distance of any place in degrees, from the
equinoctal. See LATITUDE.

HAUTEUR _de l’étambot_, the height of the stern-post.

HAUTEUR _de l’étrave_, the height of the stem.

HAUTEUR _entre deux ponts_, the height between decks.

HAUTS _d’un vaisseau_, the heights or eminences of a ship.

_Mettre les mâts de hune_ HAUTS, to sway up the top-masts, to get the
top-masts an end.

HAUTURIER, or _pilote_-HAUTURIER, a pilot who directs the ship’s
course by celestial observations.

HAYE, HAIE, a ridge of rocks, a chain of rocks under water, or near
the surface of the water.

HEAUME, the tiller, or bar of the helm in small vessels.

HELER _un vaisseau_, to hail or accost a ship at a distance.

HERPE _de plat-bord_, the harping on each side of the bow.

HERPES _de poulaine_, rails of the head, stretching from beneath the
cat-head towards the cut-water. See _Lisses de_ POULAINE.

HERPES _marines_, a general name for whatever is thrown upon the
sea-coasts of value, as coral, amber, &c.

HERSE _de poulie_. See ESTROPE.

HERSES _d’affut_. See ERSES.

HERSILIERES, certain knees placed horizontally on the quarters or bows
of a ship, close to the gunnel.

HEU, a large hoy, or sailing lighter.

HEUSE, the spear of a pump, together with its box.

HILOIRES. See ILLOIRES.

HISSE, HISSE, hoist away! hoist heartily!

HISSER, ISSER, to hoist or pull up any thing by a tackle.

HISSER _en douceur_, to hoist handsomely, or gradually.

HIVERNER, to winter, or lie up in a port during the winter season.

HOIRIN. See ORIN.

HOLA, hoa the ship a hoy! an acclamation to hail or accost a ship at a
distance.

HOLA-HO, a cry which answers to yoe-hoe.

HOMME, a name frequently given as a token of distinction to an able or
expert seaman.

HONNEUR, _fair honneur_, to give a good birth to, to keep aloof, or at
a distance from; as a rock, or shoal, or some other ship,

HOPITAL, an hospital-ship, that attends on a fleet to receive the
sick.

HORIZON, the horizon.

HORIZON _fin_, a clear horizon.

HORIZON _gras, ou embrumé_, a cloudy horizon.

HORLOGE, an half-hour glass for regulating the watch.

HOUACHE, or SILLAGE, the wake or track of a ship in the sea, made by
her passage through it.

HOUCRE. See HOURQUE.

HOULES, _ou lames de mer_, the waves of a swelling or breaking sea.

HOULEUX, a rolling and turbulent sea.

HOUPÉE, the rise or swell of a wave.

_Prendre la_ HOUPÉE, to watch the swell, as in mounting from a boat
into a ship, when the boat rises.

HOURAGAN. See OURAGAN.

HOURSE, or OURCE, the vangs of a mizen-gaff or yard.

HOURDI. See _Lisse de_ HOURDI.

HOURQUE, a Dutch howker, a particular sort of hoy.

HOUVARI, a strong land-wind in the West-Indies, accompanied with rain,
thunder, and lightning.

HUCHE, a ship with a high poop, stern, or round-house, on the
quarter-deck, as a Dutch flight.

HUNE, the top.

HUNES _de perroquet_, the top-mast cross-trees.

HUNIER, a top-sail.

_Le grand_ HUNIER, the main-top-sail.

_Le petit_ HUNIER, the fore-top-sail.

_Avoir les_ HUNIERS _à mi-mât_, to have the top-sails half-mast up.

_Avoir les_ HUNIERS _dehors_, to have the top-sails set.

_Mettre le vent sur les_ HUNIERS, to brace the top-sails to the wind,
or to lay them a-back on the mast.

_Amener les_ HUNIERS _sur le ton_, to lower the top sails down upon
the cap.

HUTTER, to lower the lower yards down a port-last, and peek them up so
as to hold less wind, when a ship rides at anchor in a storm.

HYDROGRAPHE, an hydrographer, employed by the state to teach
navigation in the sea-ports.

J.

JAC, or JACHT. See YACHT.

JACQ. See PAVILLON.

JALOUX, a name given in Provence to the quality of rolling violently
at sea; or of being crank.

JAMBES _de hune_. See GAMBES _de hune_.

JARDEN, a name sometimes given to the gallery or balcony of a ship.

JARLOT, the rabbit, or channel, cut in the stem afore, and in the
stern-post abaft, &c. and into the keel, to receive the ends or
edges of the planks which cover the timbers.

JAS, or JOUAILS _d’ancre_, the anchor-stock, or the two pieces of
which it is composed.

JATTE, the manger. See GATTE.

JAVEAU, a bank, or small island, formed in a river by a mass of gravel
or mud.

JAUGE, the tonnage or burthen of a vessel.

JAUGER, to measure, or take the dimensions of a ship, in order to
discover her tonnage, or the space contained in her hold, &c.

JAUMIÉRE, the hole in a ship’s counter or stern, which contains the
rudder-head, and in which it is turned by the tiller; the lower part
of it is usually covered with a piece of tarred canvas nailed to the
rudder, to prevent the entrance of water.

JET _de voiles_, a complete suit of sails for all the masts, yards,
stays, &c.

JET also implies any part of the cargo, &c. thrown over-board in a
storm.

_Faire le_ JET, to throw over-board the cargo, or any part of it, in a
dangerous storm, in order to lighten the vessel, so as to prevent
shipwreck or foundering; on which occasion the master usually draws
up a protest against the weather, &c. on his arrival in port.

JETTÉE, a pier, or mole-head, formed by a heap of stones sunk at, or
near, the entrance of a harbour. Also a great wharf or key.

JETTER _à la mer_, to throw any thing over-board.

JETTER _dehors le fond du hunier_, to foot the top-sail out of the
top.

JETTER _du bled, ou autres grains à la bande_, to trim the corn, salt,
or such like materials, to the other side of the ship, on any
particular occasion.

JETTER _l’ancre_, to let go the anchor, to drop anchor.

JETTER _la sonde, ou le plomb_, to sound, or heave the lead.

JETTER _un navire sur un banc, ou sur un rocher, ou à la côte_, to run
a ship ashore, upon a bank, rock, or coast, to avoid an enemy.

JEU _du governail_, the play of the helm or rudder.

ILLOIRES, two ranges of planks running fore and aft in a French ship,
for the whole length of the deck on each side of the hatches, in the
same place where the carlings are in an English ship of war.

INCOMMODÉ, disabled by the loss of masts, sails, or rigging. See
DÉSEMPARÉ.

INGÉNIEUR _de la marine_, an officer who conducts the fortifications
of a sea-port, either for attack or defence; also a person employed
to survey coasts, draw sea-charts, and teach the theory of
navigation.

INONDER, to overflow a country by an inundation of the sea.

INSPECTEUR _des constructions_, an officer whose duty is nearly
similar to that of our surveyors of the navy.

INTENDANT _de marine_, an officer who, by his duty and authority,
resembles our resident-commissioner of a dock-yard. See COMMISSAIRE
_generál de la marine_, who is his deputy, and where his office is
fully explained.

INTENDANT _des armées navales_, an officer appointed to regulate the
justice, police, and finances of a naval armament.

INTENDANT _général de la marine_, a commissioner-general of all the
royal dock-yards and ports of the kingdom.

INTERLOPRES, smugglers, or contraband traders.

INTÉRRESSÉS. See CHARGEURS.

INVESTIR, to touch or stop at any port in a voyage, also to be driven
into a road or harbour.

JOL, a Danish yawl.

JONCTION _de deux flotes, ou de deux armées navales_, the conjunction
of two fleets of ships of war, or merchantmen.

JONQUE, a Chinese junk.

JOTTES, the fore-part of a ship’s bow, contained between the cat-head
and the stem.

JOTTEREAUX, the cheeks of the head, or knees which are fastened to the
cutwater, and to the bows, on each side of a ship’s stem.

JOTTEREAUX _de mât_, the cheeks of the mast.

JOUER _le gouvernail_, to play the helm, or traverse it from side to
side in light winds.

JOUER, to fetch way; as,

_Le mât_ JOUE, the mast fetches way.

JOUES _de virevaut_, the cheeks of the windlass.

JOUETS, certain clamps, or plates of iron, used to prevent the
bolt-heads from cutting the timber into which they are driven; as,

JOUETS _de pompe_, the iron clamps nailed on the cheeks or ears of the
pump, through which the bolts are thrust.

JOUETS _de sep de drisse_, plates of iron nailed on the _sep de
drisse_, to preserve it from the iron pins of the jear-block.

JOUR, a light-port; also the interval left between two pieces of
timber, to prevent them from chafing each other.

JOURS. See SEJOURS.

ISLES _d’avau le vent_, the Leeward Islands of the West Indies.

Isles _du vent_, the Windward Islands of the West Indies.

ISSAS. See DRISSE.

ISSER. See HISSER.

ISSONS, thick white ropes, used as jears to the lower yards.

ISSOP, or ISOP, hoist away! sway away! the order to hoist up any
thing.

ITAQUE, the tye of any yard, to whose lower-end the haliards are
fastened; but more particularly a top-sail tye.

ITAQUE _de palan_, the runner of a tackle.

JUMELLER _un mât_, to fish a mast, or fasten fishes upon it.

JUMELLES, the fishes of the lower mast.

JUSSANT, the ebb-tide.

L.

LABOURER, to raise, or harrow the surface of the ground with the
ship’s keel, in passing over a shallow.

_L’ancre_ LABOURE, the anchor comes home, shifts, or loosens from its
hold.

LAC, a great lake of fresh water.

LAGAN. See CHOSES _de la mer_.

LAGON, a sort of bay.

LAGUE _d’un vaisseau_, the path, tract, or way of a ship, either
before or behind her. See SILLAGE.

LAISSES _& relais_, a sort of bank thrown up by the waves of the sea,
upon any coast.

LAMANAGE, coasting-pilotage, or the act of piloting a vessel into or
out of any harbour or river.

LAMANEUR, a harbour or river-pilot.

LAMES _de la mer_, the waves or billows of the sea.

_La_ LAME _vient de l’avant_, the sea comes a-head.

_La_ LAME _vient de l’arriere_, the sea comes a-stern, the sea follows
the ship.

_La_ LAME _prend par le travers_, the sea strikes the ship upon the
broad-side; expressed of a ship when she lies in the trough of the
sea.

_Courir au devant de la_ LAME, to scud before the sea.

LAMPES _d’habitacle_, the lamps of the binacle.

LAMPION, a small lamp, used to enter the ship’s magazine.

LANCER, to sheer or yaw to the starboard or larboard side of the
course, by the negligence or incapacity of the steersman.

LANCER _un vaisseau à l’eau_, to launch a ship from the stocks into
the water.

LANCER _une manœuvre_, to belay a rope to a cleat, or timber-head.

LANGUE _de voile_, the goaring of a sail, or that part which is next
to the leech.

LANTERNE _à gargousses_, a cartridge-case, to carry the cartridges,
from the ship’s magazine to the artillery, in the time of battle.

LANTERNE _à mitrailles_, a case, box, or canister, filled with
case-shot, or langrage, wherewith to charge a cannon.

LANTIONE, a sort of row-galley, navigated on the coast of China.

LARDER _la bonêtte_. See BONETTE _lardée_.

_Au_ LARGE! sheer off! the order given by the centinel on a ship’s
gangway to any adjacent boat, to keep aloof.

_Courir au_ LARGE! _se mettre au_ LARGE, to stand off to sea; to bear
out from the coast towards the offing.

LARGUE, the offing, sea-room, out at sea.

_Vent_ LARGUE, a large, or quartering wind.

LARGUER, to relax, or loosen, expressed of a ship that strains
violently in a high sea, so as to open in several places.

LARGUER _une amarre_, to cast off, or let go a belayed rope.

LASSER, or LACER _une voile_, to reef a course with a reef-line.

LATINE, _voile_ LATINE, a lateen sail.

LATITUDE, latitude.

LATTES _à baux_, the ledges placed between the beams.

LATTES _de caillebotis_, the battens or laths of the gratings.

LATTES _de galere_, a sort of broad thin beams, used to support the
decks of a gallery.

LAZARET, a lazaretto, or building to receive persons while performing
quarentine, &c.

LÉ, the fair way of a channel, harbour, or river.

LEBESCHE, the south-west wind, in the dialect of Provence.

LEGE, light, without a cargo of any kind; understood also of a ship
which is not sufficiently ballasted.

LEST, a general name for any sort of ballast.

LEST _bon_, or _bon_ LEST, good ballast, or ballast which lies firmly
in the hold, without disordering the pumps; as shingle, gravel, &c.

LEST _de plongeurs_, a weight used by the divers in the coral-fishery:
it is fastened securely to their waists, to balance them in the
water, and keep them steady, so as to traverse the waves easily,
without being tossed about.

LEST _gros_, or _gros_ LEST, heavy ballast, composed of large stones,
or pigs of iron.

LEST _lavé_, washed shingle ballast.

LEST _mauvais_, bad ballast, as sand, salt, &c.

_Le_ LEST _roule_, the ballast shifts.

_Voiles à_ LEST, port-sails, or pieces of canvas depending, from the
port-hole of the ship into which the ballast is thrown, to the side
of the ballast-lighter, to prevent the ballast from falling into the
water.

LESTAGE, the ballasting of a ship, or furnishing her with ballast.

LESTER, to ballast a vessel, or furnish her with ballast.

LESTEUR, a ballast-lighter.

LETTRES _de reprisailles_, letters of mart.

LETTRE _de mer_, a passport.

LEVÉE, a swelling sea.

_Il y a de la_ LEVÉE, the sea rises, there is a broken or boiling sea.

LEVE-_rame_, unship the oars! the order to the rowers to lay in their
oars.

LEVER _l’amure_, to tack, or shift the tack, to put about.

LEVER _l’ancre_, to weigh the anchor.

LEVER _l’ancre avec la chaloupe_, to weigh the anchor by the buoy-rope
in the long-boat. See ANCRE.

LEVER _l’ancre d’affourche avec le navire_. See LEVER _l’ancre_, _&c._

LEVER _la fourrure du cable_, to take the plat, or other service, off
from the cable.

LEVER _le lof de grand voile_, to haul up the weather clew-garnet of
the main-sail.

LEVER _les terres_, to survey the coasts, in order to draw a chart
thereof.

LEVER _un objet avec la boussole_, to set a distant object by the
compass to discover its bearing.

LEVIER, a lever formed of a handspike or crow.

LEVIER _à croc_, a clawed-handspike.

LIAISON, the connecting or fastening together the several members or
pieces of timber of which a ship is composed.

LIBOURET, a line or snare for fishing of mackarel.

LIEN _de fer_, an iron hoop used on several occasions in
ship-building.

LIEN _du governail_, the iron hoop which encircles the head of the
rudder above the mortise of the tiller, to strengthen it in that
place.

LIEU, a league, or measure of three miles, common in navigation.

LIEURES, the lower futtocks of a boat. See GENOUX.

LIEUTENANT-_amiral_. See VICE-AMIRAL.

LIEUTENANT-_général des armées navales_, a rear admiral in the French
navy.

LIEUTENANT _de vaisseau_, the lieutenant of a ship of war.

LIGNE, a line of battle.

_Marcher en_ LIGNE, to sail in a line.

LIGNE _d’eau_, a water-line.

LIGNE _d’eau du vaisseau chargé_, the load-water line.

_Vaisseau percé d’un coup de canon, à la_ LIGNE _de l’eau_, or _à
fleur-d’eau_, a ship which has received a shot between wind and
water.

LIGNE _de fond_, a sounding-line, or lead-line.

LIGNE _du fort_, the extreme breadth of a ship.

LIGNES, small cords or lines, used on several occasions at sea.

LIGNES _d’amarrage_, seisings, or lashings; also the cable-bends.

LINGUET, the pawl of a capstern.

LIOUBE, the scarf by which a jury-mast is attached to the stump of a
mast that has been carried away.

LISSE, or CARREAU, a name sometimes, but improperly, given to the
wales in general: it is only applied with propriety to the upper
ones, known by the name of rails, and to the wing-transom. See
CEINTES.

LISSE _de hourdi_, the wing-transom.

LISSE _de la rabbatue_, the sheer-rail, or drift-rail.

LISSE _du plat-bord_, the waist-rail.

LISSE _de pont_. See BARRE _du pont_.

LISSES _de porte-aubans_, the channel-rails.

LIT, the bed or channel in which a river runs.

LIT _de marée_, a tide-way, a part in the seas where a current flows,
or where there is a flux and reflux of the tide.

LIT _du vent_, the source or direction of the wind.

LIURE, the gammoning of the bowsprit.

LIVRE _à livre_, a phrase which implies a participation of gain or
loss of every owner of a ship’s cargo, in proportion to his share.

LOCH, or LOK, a log and line.

LOF, the weather-side of a ship, or that which is to windward of the
masts.

_Aller à_ LOF, to sail close to the wind.

_Bouter le_ LOF, to trim all sharp, to spring the luff.

_Etre au_ LOF, to be upon a wind, or close-hauled.

_Tenir le_ LOF, to keep the wind, or weather-gage of, to keep to
windward of.

LOF _au lof_, luff boy, luff! the order to steer the ship close to the
wind.

LOF _tout_, put the helm a-lee!

LOF _pour lof_, hard a-weather! the order to the helmsman to veer, or
wear, and bring the wind on the other side of the ship.

LOF is also the weather-clue of a sail; hence,

_Léve le_ LOF _de la grand voile_, or _léve le grand_ LOF! haul up the
weather-clue of the main-sail!

LOGE, the birth or cabin of an inferior officer.

LOIER, the wages or pay of a seaman.

LONGIS, the tressel-trees of the tops, &c.

LONGUEUR _de la quille, portant sur terre_, the length of the keel
upon a right line.

LONGUEUR _de l’étrave à l’étambord_, the length of a ship at the
height of the stem, or the distance between the top of the stem and
the top of the stern-post.

LONGUEUR _du cable_, a measure of 120 fathoms, usually called a
cable’s length at sea.

LOQUETS _d’écoutilles_, the hoops or clasps of the scuttles.

LOVER, or ROUER, to coil away a cable. See ROUER.

LOUVOYER, to ply to windward.

LOUVOYER _sur onze pointes_, to lie up, within eleven points of the
other tack, or to fall five points and a half from the wind.

_En_ LOUVOIANT _le vaisseau panche sur le côté_, to heel greatly, or
incline to one side, as the ship sails upon a wind.

LOXODROMIE, an oblique course in navigation, or a course which crosses
the meridians at equal and oblique angles.

LOXODROMIQUES, tables of difference of latitude and departure.

LUMIERE _du canon_, the touch-hole of a cannon.

LUMIERE _de pompe_, the hole in the side of a pump, through which the
water is discharged upon the deck, or into the pump-dale.

LUNETTE _d’approche, ou de long vue_, a telescope, or
perspective-glass.

LUZIN, a small line called housing, or house-line.

M.

MACHEMOURE, bread dust, formed of rusk, or broken biscuit.

MACHINE _à mater_, the sheers of a sheer-hulk, or other machine for
masting a ship.

MACLES, nettings of the quarters or sides of a ship.

MAESTRALISER, a name given to the west-variation of the magnetical
needle, in the Mediterranean.

MAGASIN _général_, a store-house, or magazine, to contain naval stores
in a dock-yard.

MAGASIN _particulier_, a store-house which contains the rigging and
cordage used for the king’s ships, magazines, &c.

MAGASINS, the store-ships which attend on a fleet of men of war.

MAHONNE, a sort of Turkish galeasse.

MAILLE, the keys or buttons by which a bonnet is fastened to its sail.

MAILLES, the intervals, or spaces, left between a ship’s timbers.

MAILLET _de calfas_, a calking mallet.

MAILLETAGE, the sheathing of a ship’s bottom with scupper-nails.

MAIN _avant_, the order to pull on a rope hand over hand.

MAJOR, an officer who has the charge of mounting, regulating, and
relieving the marine guard, in a ship, &c.

MAITRE-_canonnier_, the master-gunner of a ship.

_Second_ MAÎTRE-_canonnier_, the gunner’s mate.

MAÎTRE _de chaloupe_, the coxswain, or patroon of the long-boat.

MAÎTRE _de l’équipage_, or MAÎTRE _entretenu dans le port_, an officer
whose duty resembles that of our master-attendant in a dock-yard;
inasmuch as he has charge of whatever relates to the equipping,
mooring, or securing of ships; as well with regard to rigging,
arming, and fitting them for sea, as to the careening and floating
them out of the docks.

MAÎTRE _de grave_, a person appointed to take care of the salt cod,
when drying upon the stakes at Newfoundland.

MAÎTRE _de hache_. See CHARPENTIER.

MAÎTRE-_mateur_, the master mast-maker.

MAÎTRE _des ponts & des pertuis_, a master wherry-man, or waterman,
whose office it is to conduct the craft of a harbour through
bridges, or in any dangerous place.

MAÎTRE _de ports_, an harbour-master, or officer, appointed to take
care of a port, and its booms, and places of anchorage; to arrange
the shipping conveniently therein, and regulate their moorings with
regard to each other: he has also the command of the ordinary-men
employed about the rigging, careening, &c.

MAÎTRE _de ports_, is also an officer resembling our tide-surveyors of
the customs in an out-port.

MAÎTRE _de quai_, a principal wharf-master, or officer, appointed to
regulate the affairs of wharfs and keys, and the shipping moored
along-side thereof; to see that the fires are extinguished at night,
and that no fires be made in any ship or boat during the night; to
appoint the proper places for ballasting and unballasting vessels;
as also for careening, caulking, and repairing them, and tarring
their rigging; to place the light-houses, beacons, and buoys, where
necessary; to examine once a month, and after every storm, the usual
channels of passage for shipping, to see whether the ground has not
shifted.

MAÎTRE _de vaisseau_, or CAPITAINE, the master, or commander of a
merchant-ship.

MAÎTRE _de vaisseau de guerre_, the master of a ship of war.

MAÎTRE-_valet_, the ship’s steward.

MAL _de mer_, sea-sickness.

MALEBESTE, _malebéte_, or _petarasse_. See PETARASSE.

MALINE, a spring-tide.

MAL-_sain_, foul ground, bad anchor-ground.

MANCHE, a great channel; as, _la_ MANCHE _Britannique_, the English
channel; _la_ MANCHE _de_ Bristol, the channel of Bristol, &c.

MANCHE _à eau, ou_ MANCHE _pour l’eau_, a canvass or leathern hoase,
to convey water from the deck, into the casks which are stowed in
the hold.

MANCHE _de pompe_, the pump-hoase.

MANEAGE, a name given to those employments, or labours, for which the
crew of a ship can demand no additional pay of the merchant; such
are the lading a ship with planks, timber, or green, or dried fish.

MANEGE _du navire_, the general trim of a ship, with regard to the
situation of the masts, of the center of gravity, of the sails; and
to the efforts of the wind and sea.

_La lune à_ MANGÉ, _la lune_ MANGERA, the moon has eat them up, or
will eat them up; understood of the clouds: a cant phrase, usual
amongst common sailors, to express the dissipation of the clouds on
the rising of the moon.

_Etre_ MANGÉ _par la mer_, to be in the hollow or trough of a high
sea, which often breaks aboard.

MANGER _du sable_, to flog the glass, or cheat the glass; expressed of
the steersman, who turns the watch-glasses before they have run out,
to shorten the period of his watch.

_Tems_ MANIABLE, moderate weather, and wind favourable for sea.

MANIVELLE. See MANUELLE.