Chapter I: Preface

IT has seemed to me that there should be a history of the development, the revolt, and the tragedy of Anarchy in Chicago. This history I have written as impartially and as fairly as I knew how to write it. I have kept steadily before my eyes the motto,—

“Nothing extenuate, nor set down aught in malice.”

It will be found in the succeeding pages that neither animosity against the revolutionists, nor partiality to the State, has influenced the work. I have dealt with this episode in Chicago’s history as calmly and as fairly as I am able. I have tried to put myself in the position of the misguided men whose conspiracy led to the Haymarket explosion and to the gallows; to understand their motives; to appreciate their ideals—for so only could this volume be properly written.

And to present a broader view, I have added a history of all forms of Socialism, Communism, Nihilism and Anarchy. In this, though necessarily brief, it has been the purpose to give all the important facts, and to set forth the theories of all those who, whether moderate or radical, whether sincerely laboring in the interests of humanity or boisterously striving for notoriety, have endeavored or pretended to improve upon the existing order of society.

After the dynamite bomb exploded, carrying death into the ranks of men with whom I had been for years closely associated—after an impudent attack had been made upon our law and upon our system, which I was sworn to defend—it came to me as a duty to the State, a duty to my dead and wounded comrades, to bring the guilty men to justice; to expose the conspiracy to the world, and thus to assist in vindicating the law. How the duty was performed, this story tells.

It is a plain narrative whose interest lies in the momentous character of the facts which it relates. Much of it is now for the first time given to the public. I have drawn upon the records of the case, made in court, but more especially upon the reports made to me, during the progress of the investigation, by the many detectives who were working under my direction.

I can say for my book no more than this: that from the first page to the last there is no material statement which is not to my knowledge true. The reader, then, may at least depend upon the accuracy of the information presented here, even if I cannot make any other claim.

It would be unfair and ungrateful if I did not seize this opportunity to put on lasting record my obligations to Judge Julius S. Grinnell, who was State’s Attorney during the investigation. His support, steady and full of tact, enabled me to go through with the work, in spite of obstacles deliberately put in my way. My position was a delicate and difficult one: had it not been for him, and for others, success would have been almost impossible.

Nor can I forego this occasion to bear testimony to the magnificent police work done in the case by Inspector Bonfield and his brother, James Bonfield, and by the officers who acted directly with me. These were Lieut. Charles A. Larsen and Officers Herman Schuettler, Michael Whalen, Jacob Loewenstein, Michael Hoffman, Charles Rehm, John Stift and B. P. Baer. Mr. Edmund Furthmann, at that time Assistant State’s Attorney, as I have elsewhere recorded, worked upon the inquiry into the conspiracy with an acumen, a perseverance and an industry which were beyond all praise. I knew, when he was first associated with me in the case, that the outcome must be a victory for outraged law, and the result vindicated the prediction. To Mr. Thomas O. Thompson and to Mr. John T. McEnnis much of the literary form of this volume is to be credited, and to them also I am under lasting obligations.

MICHAEL J. SCHAACK.

_Chicago, February, 1889._

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

The Beginning of Anarchy—The German School of Discontent—The
Socialist Future—The Asylum in London—Birth of a Word—Work
of the French Revolution—The Conspiracy of Babeuf—Etienne
Cabet’s Experiment—The Colony in the United States—Settled
at Nauvoo—Fourier and his System—The Familistère at
Guise—Louis Blanc and the National Work-shops—Proudhon,
the Founder of French Anarchy—German Socialism: Its Rise
and Development—Rodbertus and his Followers—“Capital,”
by Karl Marx—The “Bible of the Socialists”—The Red
Internationale—Bakounine and his Expulsion from the
Society—The New Conspiracy—Ferdinand Lassalle and the
Social Democrats—The Birth of a Great Movement—Growth of
Discontent—Leaders after Lassalle—The Central Idea of the
Revolt—American Methods and the Police Position, 17

CHAPTER II.

Dynamite in Politics-Historical Assassinations—Infernal
Machines in France—The Inventor of Dynamite—M. Noble
and his Ideas—The Nitro-Compounds—How Dynamite is
Made—The New French Explosive—“Black Jelley” and the
Nihilists—What the Nihilists Believe and What they
Want—The Conditions in Russia—The White and the Red
Terrors—Vera Sassoulitch—Tourgenieff and the Russian
Girl—The Assassination of the Czar—“It is too Soon to Thank
God”—The Dying Emperor—Two Bombs Thrown—Running Down the
Conspirators—Sophia Perowskaja, the Nihilist Leader—The
Handkerchief Signal—The Murder Roll—Tried and Convicted—A
Brutal Execution—Five Nihilists Pay the Penalty—Last Words
Spoken but Unheard—A Deafening Tattoo—The Book-bomb and
the Present Czar—Strychnine-coated Bullets—St. Peter and
Paul’s Fortress—Dynamite Outrages in England—The Record of
Crime—Twenty-nine Convicts and their Offenses—Ingenious
Bomb-making—The Failures of Dynamite, 28