Chapter XI

My Connection with the Anarchist Cases—A Scene at the Central
Office—Mr. Hanssen’s Discovery—Politics and Detective
Work—Jealousy Against Inspector Bonfield—Dynamiters on
Exhibition—Courtesies to the Prize-fighters—A Friendly
Tip—My First Light on the Case—A Promise of Confidence—One
Night’s Work—The Chief Agrees to my Taking up the
Case—Laying Our Plans—“We Have Found the Bomb Factory!”—Is
it a Trap?—A Patrol-wagon Full of Dynamite—No Help Hoped
for from Headquarters—Conference with State’s Attorney
Grinnell—Furthmann’s Work—Opening up the Plot—Trouble
with the Newspaper Men—Unexpected Advantage of Hostile
Criticism—Information from Unexpected Quarters—Queer Episodes
of the Hunt—Clues Good, Bad and Indifferent—A Mysterious
Lady with a Veil—A Conference in my Back Yard—The Anarchists
Alarmed—A Breezy Conference with Ebersold—Threatening
Letters—Menaces Sent to the Wives of the Men Working
on the Case—How the Ladies Behaved—The Judge and Mrs.
Gary—Detectives on Each Other’s Trail—The Humors of the
Case—Amusing Incidents, 183

CHAPTER XII.

Tracking the Conspirators—Female Anarchists—A Bevy of
Beauties—Petticoated Ugliness—The Breathless Messenger—A
Detective’s Danger—Turning the Tables—“That Man is
a Detective!”—A Close Call—Gaining Revolutionists’
Confidence—Vouched for by the Conspirators—Speech-making
Extraordinary—The Hiding-place in the Anarchists’
Hall—Betrayed by a Woman—The Assassination of Detective Brown
at Cedar Lake—Saloon-keepers and the Revolution—“Anarchists
for Revenue Only”—Another Murder Plot—The Peep-hole
Found—Hunting for Detectives—Some Amusing Ruses of the
Revolutionists—A Collector of “Red” Literature and his
Dangerous Bonfire—Ebersold’s Vacation—Threatening the
Jury—Measures Taken for their Protection—Grinnell’s Danger—A
“Bad Man” in Court—The Find at the _Arbeiter-Zeitung_
Office—Schnaubelt’s Impudent Letter—Captured
Correspondence—The Anarchists’ Complete Letter-writer, 206

CHAPTER XIII.

The Difficulties of Detection—Moving on the Enemy—A
Hebrew Anarchist—Oppenheimer’s Story—Dancing over
Dynamite—Twenty-Five Dollars’ Worth of Practical Socialism—A
Woman’s Work—How Mrs. Seliger Saved the North Side—A
Well-merited Tribute—Seliger Saved by his Wife—The Shadow
of the Hangman’s Rope—A Hunt for a Witness—Shadowing a
Hack—The Commune Celebration—Fixing Lingg’s Guilt—Preparing
the Infernal Machines—A Boy Conspirator—Lingg’s Youthful
Friend—Anarchy in the Blood—How John Thielen was Taken into
Camp—His Curious Confession—Other Arrests, 230

CHAPTER XIV.

Completing the Case—Looking for Lingg—The Bomb-maker’s
Birth—Was he of Royal Blood?—A Romantic Family History—Lingg
and his Mother—Captured Correspondence—A Desperate and
Dangerous Character—Lingg Disappears—A Faint Trail
Found—Looking for Express Wagon 1999—The Number that Cost
the Fugitive his Life—A Desperado at Bay—Schuettler’s
Death Grapple—Lingg in the Shackles—His Statement at
the Station—The Transfer to the Jail—Lingg’s Love for
Children—The Identity of his Sweetheart—An Interview with
Hubner—His Confession—The Meeting at Neff’s Place, 256

CHAPTER XV.

Engel in the Toils—His Character and Rough Eloquence—Facing
his Accusers—Waller’s Confession—The Work of the Lehr
und Wehr Verein—A Dangerous Organization—The Romance
of Conspiracy—Organization of the Armed Sections—Plans
and Purposes—Rifles Bought in St. Louis—The Picnics at
Sheffield—A Dynamite Drill—The Attack on McCormick’s—A
Frightened Anarchist—Lehman in the Calaboose—Information
from many Quarters—The Cost of Revolvers—Lorenz Hermann’s
Story—Some Expert Lying, 283

CHAPTER XVI.

Pushing the Anarchists—A Scene on a Street-car—How
Hermann Muntzenberg Gave Himself Away—The Secret
Signal—“D——n the Informers”—A Satchelful of Bombs—More
about Engel’s Murderous Plan—Drilling the Lehr und Wehr
Verein—Breitenfeld’s Cowardice—An Anarchist Judas—The
Hagemans—Dynamite in Gas-pipe—An Admirer of Lingg—A
Scheme to Remove the Author—The Hospitalities of the Police
Station—Mrs. Jebolinski’s Indignation—A Bogus Milkman—An
Unwilling Visitor—Mistaken for a Detective—An Eccentric
Prisoner—Division of Labor at the Dynamite Factory—Clermont’s
Dilemma—The Arrangements for the Haymarket, 312

CHAPTER XVII.

Fluttering the Anarchist Dove-cote—Confessions by
Piecemeal—Statements from the Small Fry—One of
Schnaubelt’s Friends—“Some One Wants to Hang Me”—Neebe’s
Bloodthirsty Threats—Burrowing in the Dark—The
Starved-out Cut-throat—Torturing a Woman—Hopes of _Habeas
Corpus_—“Little” Krueger’s Work—Planning a Rescue—The Signal
“? ? ?” and its Meaning—A Red-haired Man’s Story—Firing the
Socialist Heart—Meetings with Locked Doors—An Ambush for the
Police—The Red Flag Episode—Beer and Philosophy—Baum’s Wife
and Baby—A Wife-beating Revolutionist—Brother Eppinger’s
Duties, 334

CHAPTER XVIII.

The Plot against the Police—Anarchist Banners and
Emblems—Stealing a Captured Flag—A Mystery at a
Station-house—Finding the Fire Cans—Their Construction and
Use—Imitating the Parisian Petroleuses—Glass Bombs—Putting
the Women Forward—Cans and Bombs Still Hidden Among the
Bohemians—Testing the Infernal Machines—The Effects of
Anarchy—The Moral to be Drawn—Looking for Labor Sympathy—A
Crazy Scheme—Gatling Gun _vs._ Dynamite—The Threatened Attack
on the Station-houses—Watching the Third Window—Selecting a
Weapon—Planning Murder—The Test of Would-be Assassins—The
Meeting at Lincoln Park—Peril of the Hinman Street
Station-house—A Fortunate Escape, 364

CHAPTER XIX.

The Legal Battle—The Beginning of Proceedings in Court—Work
in the Grand Jury Room—The Circulation of Anarchistic
Literature—A Witness who was not Positive—Side Lights on the
Testimony—The Indictments Returned—Selecting a Jury—Sketches
of the Jurymen—Ready for the Struggle, 376

CHAPTER XX.

Judge Grinnell’s Opening—Statement of the Case—The
Light of the 4th of May—The Dynamite Argument—Spies’
Fatal Prophecy—The Eight-hour Strike—The Growth of the
Conspiracy—Spies’ Cowardice at McCormick’s—The “Revenge”
Circular—Work of the _Arbeiter-Zeitung_ and the _Alarm_—The
Secret Signal—A Frightful Plan—“Ruhe”—Lingg, the
Bomb-maker—The Haymarket Conspiracy—The Meeting—“We are
Peaceable”—After the Murder—The Complete Case Presented, 390

CHAPTER XXI.

The Great Trial Opens—Bonfield’s History of the Massacre—How
the Bomb Exploded—Dynamite in the Air—A Thrilling
Story—Gottfried Waller’s Testimony—An Anarchist’s
“Squeal”—The Murder Conspiracy Made Manifest by Many
Witnesses, 404

CHAPTER XXII.

“We are Peaceable”—Capt. Ward’s Memories of the Massacre—A
Nest of Anarchists—Scenes in the Court—Seliger’s
Revelations—Lingg, the Bomb-maker—How he cast his Shells—A
Dynamite Romance—Inside History of the Conspiracy—The Shadow
of the Gallows—Mrs. Seliger and the Anarchists—Tightening
the Coils—An Explosive Arsenal—The Schnaubelt Blunder—Harry
Wilkinson and Spies—A Threat in Toothpicks—The Bomb
Factory—The Board of Trade Demonstration, 419

CHAPTER XXIII.

A Pinkerton Operative’s Adventures—How the Leading Anarchists
Vouched for a Detective—An Interesting Scene—An Enemy in the
Camp—Getting into the Armed Group—No. 16’s Experience—Paul
Hull and the Dynamite Bomb—A Safe Corner Where the Bullets
were Thick—A Revolver Tattoo—“Shoot the Devils”—A Reformed
Internationalist, 445

CHAPTER XXIV.

Reporting under Difficulties—Shorthand in an Overcoat
Pocket—An Incriminating Conversation—Spies and Schwab in
Danger—Gilmer’s Story—The Man in the Alley—Schnaubelt
the Bomb-thrower—Fixing the Guilt—Spies Lit the Fuse—A
Searching Cross-Examination—The Anarchists Alarmed—Engel
and the Shell Machine—The Find at Lingg’s House—The Author
on the Witness-stand—Talks with the Prisoners—Dynamite
Experiments—The False Bottom of Lingg’s Trunk—The Material
in the Shells—Expert Testimony—Incendiary Banners—The
Prosecution Rests—A Fruitless Attempt to have Neebe
Discharged, 457

CHAPTER XXV.

The Programme of the Defense—Mayor Harrison’s
Memories—Simonson’s Story—A Graphic Account—A Bird’s-eye
View of Dynamite—Ferguson and the Bomb—“As Big as a Base
Ball”—The Defense Theory of the Riot—Claiming the Police were
the Aggressors—Dr. Taylor and the Bullet-marks—The Attack
on Gilmer’s Veracity—Varying Testimony—The Witnesses who
Appeared, 478

CHAPTER XXVI.

Malkoff’s Testimony—A Nihilist’s Correspondence—More
about the Wagon—Spies’ Brother—A Witness who Contradicts
Himself—Printing the Revenge Circular—Lizzie Holmes’
Inflammatory Essay—“Have You a Match About You?”—The Prisoner
Fielden Takes the Stand—An Anarchist’s Autobiography—The Red
Flag the Symbol of Freedom—The “Peaceable” Meeting—Fielden’s
Opinion of the _Alarm_—“Throttling the Law”—Expecting
Arrest—More about Gilmer, 491

CHAPTER XXVII.

The Close of the Defense—Working on the Jury—The Man who
Threw the Bomb—Conflicting Testimony—Michael Schwab on the
Stand—An Agitator’s Adventures—Spies in his Own Defense—The
Fight at McCormick’s—The Desplaines Street Wagon—Bombs and
Beer—The Wilkinson Interview—The Weapon of the Future—Spies
the Reporter’s Friend—Bad Treatment by Ebersold—The Hocking
Valley Letter—Albert R. Parsons in his Own Behalf—His
Memories of the Haymarket—The Evidence in Rebuttal, 506

CHAPTER XXVIII.

Opening of the Argument—Mr. Walker’s Speech—The Law
of the Case—Was there a Conspiracy?—The Caliber of
the Bullets—Tightening the Chain—A Propaganda on the
Witness-stand—The Eight-hour Movement—“One Single Bomb”—The
Cry of the Revolutionist—Avoiding the Mouse-trap—Parsons and
the Murder—Studying “Revolutionary War”—Lingg and his Bomb
Factory—The Alibi Idea, 525

CHAPTER XXIX.

The Argument for the Defendants—“Newspaper Evidence”—Bringing
about the Social Revolution—Arson and Murder—The Right to
Property—Evolution or Revolution—Dynamite as an Argument—The
Arsenal at 107 Fifth Avenue—Was it all Braggadocio?—An Open
Conspiracy—Secrets that were not Secrets—The Case Against the
State’s Attorney—A Good Word for Lingg—More About “Ruhe”—The
“Alleged” Conspiracy—Ingham’s Answer—The _Freiheit_
Articles—Lord Coleridge on Anarchy—Did Fielden Shoot at
the Police?—The Bombs in the Seliger Family—Circumstantial
Evidence in Metal—Chemical Analysis of the Czar Bomb—The
Crane’s Alley Enigma, 535

CHAPTER XXX.

Foster and Black before the Jury—Making Anarchist History—The
Eight Leaders—A Skillful Defense—Alibis All Around—The
Whereabouts of the Conspirators—The “Peaceable Dispersion”—A
Miscarriage of Revolutionary War—Average Anarchist
Credibility—“A Man will Lie to Save his Life”—The Attack
on Seliger—The Candy-man and the Bomb-thrower—Conflicting
Testimony—A Philippic against Gilmer—The Liars of
History—The Search for a Witness—The Man with the Missing
Link—The Last Word for the Prisoners—Captain Black’s
Theory—High Explosives and Civilization—The West Lake Street
Meeting—Defensive Armament—Engel and his Beer—Hiding the
Bombs—The Right of Revolution—Bonfield and Harrison—The
Socialist of Judea, 545

CHAPTER XXXI.

Grinnell’s Closing Argument—One Step from Republicanism to
Anarchy—A Fair Trial—The Law in the Case—The Detective
Work—Gilmer and his Evidence—“We Knew all the Facts”—Treason
and Murder—Arming the Anarchists—The Toy Shop Purchases—The
Pinkerton Reports—“A Lot of Snakes”—The Meaning of the
Black Flag—Symbols of the Social Revolution—The _Daily
News_ Interviews—Spies the “Second Washington”—The
Rights of “Scabs”—The Chase Into the River—Inflaming
the Workingmen—The “Revenge” Lie—The Meeting at the
_Arbeiter-Zeitung_ Office—A Curious Fact about the Speakers
at the Haymarket—The Invitation to Spies—Balthasar Rau and
the Prisoners—Harrison at the Haymarket—The Significance of
Fielden’s Wound—Witnesses’ Inconsistencies—The Omnipresent
Parsons—The Meaning of the Manuscript Find—Standing between
the Living and the Dead, 560

CHAPTER XXXII.

The Instructions to the Jury—What Murder is—Free Speech and
its Abuse—The Theory of Conspiracy—Value of Circumstantial
Evidence—Meaning of a “Reasonable Doubt”—What a Jury May
Decide—Waiting for the Verdict—“Guilty of Murder”—The
Death Penalty Adjudged—Neebe’s Good Luck—Motion for a New
Trial—Affidavits about the Jury—The Motion Overruled, 578

CHAPTER XXXIII.

The Last Scene in Court—Reasons Against the Death
Sentence—Spies’ Speech—A Heinous Conspiracy to Commit
Murder—Death for the Truth—The Anarchists’ Final
Defense—Dying for Labor—The Conflict of the Classes—Not
Guilty, but Scapegoats—Michael Schwab’s Appeal—The Curse of
Labor-saving Machinery—Neebe Finds Out what Law Is—“I am
Sorry I am not to be Hung”—Adolph Fischer’s Last Words—Louis
Lingg in his own Behalf—“Convicted, not of Murder, but of
Anarchy”—An Attack on the Police—“I Despise your Order, your
Laws, your Force-propped Authority. Hang me for it!”—George
Engel’s Unconcern—The Development of Anarchy—“I Hate and
Combat, not the Individual Capitalist, but the System”—Samuel
Fielden and the Haymarket—An Illegal Arrest—The Defense
of Albert R. Parsons—The History of his Life—A Long
and Thrilling Speech—The Sentence of Death—“Remove the
Prisoners,” 587

CHAPTER XXXIV.

In the Supreme Court—A _Supersedeas_ Secured—Justice
Magruder Delivers the Opinion—A Comprehensive Statement of
the Case—How Degan was Murdered—Who Killed Him?—The Law of
Accessory—The Meaning of the Statute—Were the Defendants
Accessories?—The Questions at Issue—The Characteristics
of the Bomb—Fastening the Guilt on Lingg—The Purposes
of the Conspiracy—How they were Proved—A Damning Array
of Evidence—Examining the Instructions—No Error Found
in the Trial Court’s Work—The Objection to the Jury—The
Juror Sandford—Judge Gary Sustained—Mr. Justice Mulkey’s
Remarks—The Law Vindicated, 608

CHAPTER XXXV.

The Last Legal Struggle—The Need of Money—Expensive Counsel
Secured—Work of the “Defense Committee”—Pardon, the Only
Hope—Pleas for Mercy to Gov. Oglesby—Curious Changes
of Sentiment—Spies’ Remarkable Offer—Lingg’s Horrible
Death—Bombs in the Starch-box—An Accidental Discovery—My
own Theory—Description of the “Suicide Bombs”—Meaning of
the Short Fuse—“Count Four and Throw”—Details of Lingg’s
Self-murder—A Human Wreck—The Bloody Record in the Cell—The
Governor’s Decision—Fielden and Schwab Taken to the
Penitentiary, 620