Chapter I: Front Matter

Transcriber's Note

A number of typographical errors and inconsistencies have been maintained in this version of this book. They have been marked with a [TN-#], which refers to a description in the complete list found at the end of the text.

The following codes are used for characters that are not able to be represented in the text format used for this version of the book.

[)a] a with breve [c] open o [[c].] open o with dot under [=h] h with stroke [p.] p with dot under [^q] q with circumflex [vs] s with caron [vs.] s with caron and dot under [t.] t with dot under [ts.] ts with dot under [+] Dagger [++] Double dagger

PAPERS
OF THE
PEABODY MUSEUM OF AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND
ETHNOLOGY, HARVARD UNIVERSITY

VOL. IV.--No. 3.

ANIMAL FIGURES
IN THE
MAYA CODICES

BY

ALFRED M. TOZZER, PH.D.
AND
GLOVER M. ALLEN, PH.D.

CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
PUBLISHED BY THE MUSEUM
FEBRUARY, 1910

Salem Press: THE SALEM PRESS CO., SALEM MASS. 1910.

NOTE

It has been thought desirable, for the advancement of the study of Maya hieroglyphs, that the interpretation of the conventionalized animal figures, which so frequently occur in the Maya codices, should be undertaken. The Peabody Museum Committee on Central American Research therefore requested Dr. A. M. Tozzer to prepare a paper on the subject, and to secure the valuable cooperation of Dr. Glover M. Allen, a zoologist familiar with the animals of Mexico and Central America, to aid in the identification of the various species of animals which under varying forms are used in connection with the glyphs.

While it is possible that some of the determinations given in this paper may require further confirmation, it is evident that the combined studies of Dr. Tozzer and Dr. Allen cannot fail to be useful to students of the Maya hieroglyphic writing.

F. W. PUTNAM. HARVARD UNIVERSITY, August, 1909.

KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION OF MAYA WORDS

The vowels and consonants have their continental sounds with the following exceptions:--

=[)a]= like _u_ in hut
=ai= like _i_ in island
=k= (Beltran's _c_) ordinary palatal _k_
=q= (Beltran's _k_) velar _k_
=[[c].]= (Beltran's _[c]_) _ts_ explosive or fortis
=[c]= (Beltran's _tz_) _ts_ non-explosive
=[vs]= (Beltran's _x_) like _sh_ in hush
=t[vs]= (Beltran's _ch_) like _ch_ in church
=[ts.]= (Beltran's _c[=h]_) _ch_ explosive
=[p.]= (Beltran's _pp_) _p_ explosive
=t= (Beltran's _t[=h]_) _t_ explosive

LIST OF PLATES

Plate.
1. Mollusca: _Fasciolaria gigantea, Oliva_.
2. Insecta: Honey bee (_Melipona_).
3. Insecta and Myriapoda.
4. Arachnoidea, Arachnida, Crustacea.
5. Myriapoda, Pisces.
6. Pisces.
7. Amphibia.
8. Amphibia, Reptilia.
9. Reptilia: Rattlesnake (_Crotalus_).
10. Reptilia: Serpents.
11. Reptilia: Serpents.
12. Reptilia: Iguana, Lizards.
13. Reptilia: Crocodile
14. Reptilia: Turtles.
15. Aves: Herons, Frigate-bird.
16. Aves: Ocellated Turkey (_Agriocharis ocellata_).
17. Aves: King Vulture (_Sarcorhamphus papa_).
18. Aves: King Vulture (_S. papa_), Black Vulture (_Catharista urubu_).
19. Aves: Vultures.
20. Aves: Harpy Eagle (_Thrasaetos harpyia_).
21. Aves: Yucatan Horned Owl (_Bubo virginianus mayensis_).
22. Aves: Yucatan Horned Ow[TN-1] (_B. v. mayensis_).
23. Aves: Yucatan Screech Owl (_Otus choliba thompsoni_).
24. Aves: Quetzal (_Pharomacrus mocinno_).
25. Aves: Blue Macaw (_Ara militaris_).
26. Aves: Parrots, Turkeys.
27. Aves: Miscellaneous.
28. Various animals.
29. Mammalia: Armadillo and miscellaneous.
30. Mammalia: Deer, Hare.
31. Mammalia: Yucatan Deer (_Odocoileus yucatanensis_).
32. Mammalia: Yucatan Peccary (_Tayassu angulatum yucatanense_),
Yucatan Deer (_O. yucatanensis_).
33. Mammalia: Yucatan Peccary (_T. a. yucatanense_).
34. Mammalia: Jaguar, Puma.
35. Mammalia: Jaguar, Coyote, Bear.
36, 37. Mammalia: Dog (_Canis_).
38. Mammalia: Leaf-nosed Bat (_Vampyrus_ or _Phyllostomus_).
39. Mammalia: Monkey (_Cebus_) and miscellaneous.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT

FIG.
1. Top of Altar T, Copan (Mandslay,[TN-2] I. Pl. 95) 320

2. Pottery whistle from Uloa Valley, Honduras, representing a
vulture. Peabody Museum Memoirs. I. No. 4, fig. 15 332

3. }
4. } Glyphs of Maya month _Moan_ showing moan-bird
5. } characteristics 339
6. }

7. Quetzal from the bas-relief of the Temple of the Cross,
Palenque 341

8. }
9. } Glyphs for Maya month _Kankin_ (Ribs of dogs) 364
10. }

11. }
12. }
13. } Glyphs for Maya month _Zotz_ (Bats) 365
14. }

15. Pottery whistle from Uloa Valley, Honduras (Peabody Museum
Memoirs, I, No. 4, fig. 14), representing an ape 366

16. }
17. }
18. } Glyphs for Maya day _Chuen_ 367
19. }

20. }
21. }
22. } Glyphs of God C. (Schellhas, Peabody Museum Papers, IV, 368
23. } No. 1)
24. }