Chapter II (4)

[359-*] _Relacion de la Ciudad de Merida_ (1898, p. 63): "Ay perros naturales dela tierra que no tienen pelo ninguno, y no ladran, que tienen los dientes ralos e agudos, las orejas pequenas, tiesas y levantadas--a estos engordan los yndios para comer y los tienen por gran rregalo--estos se juntan con los perros de espana y enjendran y los mestizos que dellos proceden ladran y tienen pelo y tambien los comen los yndios cano alos demas, y tambien los yndios tienen otra suerte de perros que tienen pelo pero tan poco ladran y son del mesmo tamano que los demas."

[359-[+]] Brinton (1895, p. 72) regards these spots as representing stars.

[361-*] "Y que le sacrificassen un perro o un hombre ... porque hazian en el patio del templo un gran monton de piedras y ponian al hombre o perro que avian de sacrificiar en alguna cosa mas alta que el."

[361-[+]] "Avian de ofrescerle perros hechos de barro con pan en las espaldas, y avian de vailar con ellos en las manos las viejas y sacrificarle un perrito que tuviesse las espaldas negras y fuesse virgen."

[361-[++]] These might quite as well be rabbits as dogs.

[361-Sec.] "De los Indios de Cozumel dize, que aun en su tiempo eran grandes Idolatras, y usaban un bayle de su gentilidad, en el qual flechaban un perro [^q] auian de sacrificar."

[362-*] "Donde sacrificavan un perro, manchado por la color del cacao ... y ofrecianles yguanas de las azules y ciertas plumas de un paxaro."

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Aubin Manuscript, See Seler 1900-1901.

Beyer, Herman.
1908, The symbolic meaning of the dog in ancient Mexico; in _American
Anthropologist_ (N. S.), Vol. X, pp. 419-422, Washington.

Bologna Codex, See Cospiano Codex.

Borbonicus Codex, See Hamy, 1899.

Borgia Codex, See Seler, 1904-1906.

Brasseur de Bourbourg, Charles Etienne.
1869-1870, Manuscrit Troano. Etudes sur le systeme graphique et la
langue des Mayas; 2 vols., 4^o Paris.

Brinton, Daniel Garrison.
1893, The native calendar of Central America and Mexico; in
_Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society_; Vol. XXXI, pp.
258-314, Philadelphia.

1895, A primer of Mayan hieroglyphics; in _Publications of the University of Pennsylvania, Series in Philosophy, Literature, and Archaeology_, Vol. III, No. 2, pp. 152, Boston.

Camargo, Domingo Munoz.
1843, Histoire de la Republique de Tlaxcallan; in _Nouvelles Annales
des Voyages et des Sciences Geographique_; IV Serie, Tome 3, Paris.
(Spanish edition published by Chavero, Mexico, 1892.)

Cogolludo, Diego Lopez.
1688, Historia de Yucatan; 4^o, pp. 791, Madrid.

Cortesianus Codex, See Rada y Delgado, 1893.

Cospiano Codex (formerly Bologna).
1899, Published in facsimile, Paris. (Loubat edition.)

Dieseldorff, Erwin P.
1904, A clay vessel with a picture of a vampire-headed deity; in
_Bureau of Ethnology, Bulletin 28_, pp. 665-666, Washington.
(Translation of German edition published in _Zeitschrift fuer
Ethnologie_, 1894, pp. 576-577.)

Dresden Codex, See Foerstemann, 1880 and 1892.

Fejervary-Mayer Codex, See Seler, 1901.

Fewkes, J. Walter.
1892, The Mam-zrau-ti; a Tusayan ceremony; in _American Anthropologist_,
Vol. V, pp. 217-246.

1894, A study of certain figures in a Maya codex; in _American
Anthropologist_, Vol. VII, pp. 260-274.

Foerstemann, Ernst.
1880, Die Maya-Handschrift der koeniglichen oeffentlichen Bibliothek zu
Dresden; 4^o, Preface pp. xvii, 74 colored plates, Leipzig.

1892, Second edition of 1880, Dresden.

1902, Commentar zur Madrider Mayahandschrift (Codex Tro-Cortesianus);
8^o, pp. 160, Danzig.

1903, Commentar zur Pariser Mayahandschrift (Codex Peresianus); 8^o,
pp. 32, Danzig.

1904, Tortoise and shell in Maya literature; in _Bureau of Ethnology,
Bulletin_ 28, pp. 423-430, Washington. (Translation of German
edition of 1892. Dresden.)

1904a, The Pleiades among the Mayas; in _Bureau of Ethnology,
Bulletin_ 28, pp. 523-524, Washington. (Translation of German
edition published in _Globus_, Vol. XVI, No. 15, p. 246, 1894.)

1904b, The Day Gods of the Mayas; in _Bureau of Ethnology, Bulletin_
28, pp. 557-572, Washington. (Translation of German edition
published in _Globus_, Vol. LXIII, Nos. 9, 10, 1898.)

1906, Commentary of the Maya manuscript in the Royal Public Library of
Dresden; in _Papers of the Peabody Museum_, Vol. IV, No. 2, pp.
48-266. Cambridge. (Translation, revised by the author, of the
German edition of 1901.)

Gann, Thomas.
1897-1898, Mounds in Northern Honduras; in _Bureau of Ethnology_, 19th
annual report, part 2, pp. 661-691, Washington.

Gordon, George Byron.
1898, Researches in the Uloa Valley, Honduras; in _Memoirs of the
Peabody Museum_, Vol. I, No. 4, pp. 44, Cambridge.

Hamy, Ernest T.
1899, Codex Borbonicus. Manuscrit Mexicain de la Bibliotheque der
Palais Bourbon; Text and plates, Paris.

Holmes, William Henry.
1895-1897, Archaeological studies among the ancient cities of Mexico;
_Field Museum of Natural History, Publications_ 8 and 16,
_Anthropological Series_, Vol. I, No. I, Chicago.

Hough, Walter.
1908, The pulque of Mexico; in _Proceedings of the United States
National Museum_, Vol. XXXIII, pp. 577-592, Washington.

Landa, Diego de.
1864, Relacion de las cosas de Yucatan; Spanish text with French
translation published by Brasseur de Bourbourg; 8^o, pp. 516,
Paris. (The references in the text are to this edition). Spanish
edition published by Juan de Dios de la Rada y Delgado, Madrid,
1884, as an appendix to his translation of Leon de Rosny's article,
Essai sur le dechiffrement de l'ecriture hieratique de l'Amerique
Centrale. Second Spanish edition in Coleccion de Documentos ineditos
(2d Series); Madrid, 1900, Vol. XIII, pp. 265-411.

1900, See second Spanish edition under 1864. (This contains much that
is not given in the 1864 edition.)

Maler, Teoberto.
1901-1903, Researches in the Usumatsintla Valley; in _Memoirs of the
Peabody Museum_, Vol. II, Cambridge.

1908, Explorations of the Upper Usumatsintla and adjacent region; in
_Memoirs of the Peabody Museum_, Vol. IV, No. 1, Cambridge.

Maudslay, Alfred P.
1889-1902, Biologia Centrali-Americana, or Contributions to the
knowledge of the flora and fauna of Mexico and Central America.
Archaeology; Text and 4 vols. plates, London.

Nuttall Codex.
1902, Reproduced in facsimile by the Peabody Museum, Cambridge.

Palacio.
1686, Relacion hecha por el Licentiado Palacio al Rey. D. Felipe II en
la que describe la Provincia de Guatemala, las costumbres de los
Indios y otras casas notables; in _Coleccion de Documentos ineditos
relativos al descubrimiento, conquista y organizacion de las
antiguas posesiones Espanales[TN-13] de America y Oceania_; Tomo VI,
pp. 7-40, Madrid.

Peresianus Codex, See Rosny, 1887.

Perez, Juan Pio.
1866-1877, Diccionario de la lengua Maya; sm. 4^o, pp. 437, Merida.

Rada y Delgado, Juan de Dios de la.
1893, Codice Maya denominado Cortesianus que se conserva en el Museo
Arqueologio Nacional; 42 colored plates, Madrid.

Relacion de la Ciudad de Merida.
1900, in _Coleccion de Documentos ineditos relativos al
descubrimiento, conquista y organizacion de las antiguas posesiones
Espanolas de Ultra mar_ (_Segunda serie_), Tomo XI, pp. 37-75,
Madrid.

Relacion de Cotuta y Tibolon.
1900, in _Coleccion de Documentos ineditos etc._, (_Segunda serie_),
Tomo XI, pp. 93-103, Madrid.

Rosny, Leon de.
1876, Essai sur le dechiffrement de l'ecriture hieratique de
l'Amerique Centrale, Paris.

1887, Codex Peresianus, Manuscrit hieratique des anciens Indiens de
l'Ameirque[TN-14] Centrale conserve a la Bibliotheque[TN-15] National
de Paris, Paris.

Schellhas, Paul.
1904, Representations of deities of the Maya manuscripts; in _Papers
of the Peabody Museum_, Vol. IV, No. 1, pp. 1-47, Cambridge.
(Revised translation of second German edition of 1904.)

Seler, Eduard.
1900-1901, The Tonalamatl of the Aubin Collection, (English edition),
pp. 147, plates 19, Berlin and London. (Loubat edition.)

1901, Codex Fejervary-Mayer. Manuscrit Mexicain precolombien du Free
Public Museum de Liverpool (M 12014). Text and plates, Paris.
(Loubat edition.)

1902-1903, Codex Vaticanus 3773, Text and plates, Berlin. (Loubat ed.)

1904, Venus period in the picture writings of the Borgia Codex group;
in _Bureau of Ethnology, Bulletin_ 28, pp. 355-391, Washington.
(Translation of German edition of 1898.)

1904a, The Bat god of the Maya race; in _Bureau of Ethnology,
Bulletin_ 28, pp. 231-242, Washington. (Translation of the German
edition of 1894.)

1904b, Antiquities from Guatemala: in _Bureau of Ethnology, Bulletin_
28, pp. 75-121, Washington. (Translation of the German edition of
1895. republished[TN-16] in his collected works, Vol. III, pp.
578-640.)

1904-1906, Codex Borgia. Eine altmexikanische Bilderschrift der
Bibliothek der Congregatio de Propaganda Fide; 4^o, 2 vols. plates,
Berlin (Loubat edition.)

1909, Die Tierbilder der mexikanischen und Maya-Handschriften:[TN-17] in
_Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie_, 1909, pp. 209-257, 381-457 (not
completed).

Stempell, W.
1908, Die Tierbilder der Mayahandschriften; in _Zeitschrift fuer
Ethnologie_, 40 Jahrgang, Vol. V, pp. 704-743.

Strebel, Hermann.
1899, Uber Tierornamente auf Thongefaessen aus Alt-Mexico; in
_Veroeffentlichen aus dem Konig. Mus. fuer Voelkerkunde_, Vol. VI, part
1, pp. 1-33, Berlin.

Thomas, Cyrus.
1882, A study of the Manuscript Troana; in _Contributions to North
American Ethnology_, Vol. V, pp. 234, Washington.

1884-1885, Aids to the study of the Maya codices; in _Bureau of
Ethnology_, 6th annual report, pp. 253-371, Washington.

Tozzer, Alfred M.
1907, A comparative study of the Mayas and the Lacandones. Report of
the Fellow in American Archaeology, 1902-1905; Archaeological
Institute of America, 8^o, pp. 195, plates 29, New York.

Troano Codex, See Brasseur de Bourbourg, 1867-1870.

Villagutierre Soto Mayor, Juan.
1701, Historia de la Conquista de la Provincia de el Itza; 4^o, pp.
660, Madrid.

Vaticanus 3773, See Seler, 1902.

PLATE 1

MOLLUSCA

FASCIOLARIA GIGANTEA

1. Man emerging from shell, Dresden 41b.
2. Same, Borgia 4.
3. Bologna 4.
4. Dresden 37b.
5. Vaticanus 3773, 66.
6. Nuttall 16.
7. Sign for zero, Dresden 64.
8. Glyph, Dresden 41b.
9. Nuttall 16.

OLIVA

10, 11. Sign for zero, Dresden 63.
12. Same, Dresden 55b.

OTHER MOLLUSCA

13. Sign for zero, Dresden 54b.
14. Same. Bivalve, Dresden 63.
15. Bivalve, Nuttall 25.
16. Nuttall 49.
17. Nuttall 23.
18. Nuttall 16.
19. Nuttall 36.
20. Nuttall 75.
21. Bivalve closed, seen in profile, Nuttall 75.
22. Same, Nuttall 25.
23. Probably bivalve, Nuttall 16.
24. Same. Nuttall 36.

PLATE 2

INSECTA

HONEY BEE (_Melipona_)

1. Possibly a drone, Tro-Cortesianus 108a.
2, 3. Tro-Cortesianus 108a.
4, 6[TN-18] Bees more conventionalized, Tro-Cortesianus 80b.
5. Bee and honey comb, Tro-Cortesianus 109c.
7. Honey combs, apparently in a hive, Tro-Cortesianus 11c.
8. Maya day sign, _Cauac_, possibly representing a honey comb,
Tro-Cortesianus 106b.
9. Tro-Cortesianus 103c.
10. Honey combs in a hive, Tro-Cortesianus 104a.
11. Bee and honey comb, Tro-Cortesianus 109c.

PLATE 3

INSECTA AND MYRIAPODA

1. Maggots, probably of Blowfly (_Sarcophaga_), Tro-Cortesianus 27d.
2. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 24d.
3. Larva of _Acentrocneme kollari_, Tro-Cortesianus 28c.
4. Conventionalized insect, possibly a hornet, Nuttall 3.
5. Conventionalized insect, unidentified, Nuttall 19.
6. Same, Nuttall 55.
7. Same, Nuttall 51.
8. Butterfly or moth, Nuttall 19.
9. Butterfly, Aubin.
10. Maya day sign, _Akbal_, possibly representing the head of a
centipede.
11. Glyph belonging to god D, apparently composed of signs for
centipede, Dresden 7b.
12. Glyph for god D, Dresden 14b.
13. Glyph, Dresden 44b.
14. Same, Dresden 27a.
15. Centipede in connection with head-dress of god D, Dresden 15c.
16. Glyph, Dresden 9b.
17. Same, Dresden 15c.
18. Centipede in connection with head-dress of god D, Dresden 7c.

PLATE 4

ARACHNOIDEA, ARACHNIDA, CRUSTACEA

1. Scorpion and deer, Tro-Cortesianus 48c.
2. Scorpion with sting conventionalized as a hand, Tro-Cortesianus 44c.
3. Scorpion highly conventionalized, Nuttall 22.
4. Spider, possibly a tarantula, Borbonicus 9.
5. Crayfish, Nuttall 16.
6. Crab, Nuttall 37.

PLATE 5

MYRIAPODA, PISCES

1. Parts of a conventionalized centipede with quetzal tail, Vaticanus
3773, 13.
2. Fish with teeth, Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber
(Maudslay, III, Pl. 48).
3. Fish captured by heron, Dresden 36b. (Compare Pl. 15, fig. 5.)
4. Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber (Maudslay, III,
Pl. 45).
5. Fish.
6. Pottery fish, Chajcar (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 93).
7. Same.
8. Fish as offering, Tro-Cortesianus 3a.
9. Same, Dresden 29b.

PLATE 6

PISCES

1. Possibly a flying-fish (_Exocetus_), Nuttall 75.
2. Palenque, Temple of the Cross (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 68).
3. Nuttall 36.
4, 5. Glyphs, possibly of a shark, Dresden 40a.
6. Fish as offering, Dresden 27c.
7. Fish without dorsal fins, possibly an eel (_Muraena_), Dresden 65b.
8. Fish as offering, Dresden 23b.
9. Pottery animal from Santa Rita (Gann, 1897-1898, Pl. 34).
10. Dresden 44c.
11. Nuttall 16.
12. Palenque, Palace (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 11).
13. Fish as offering, Dresden 33a.
14. Fish as part of the Great Cycle glyph, Copan, Stela C, north
(Maudslay, I, Pl. 41).
15. Same, Copan, Stela C, south (Maudslay, I, Pl. 41.)
16. Same, Copan, Stela D (Maudslay, I, Pl. 48).
17. Same, Copan, Stela C, south (Maudslay, I, Pl. 41).

PLATE 7

AMPHIBIA

1. Frog (_Rana_), Tro-Cortesianus 31a.
2, 3. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 101d.
4. Probably a toad (_Bufo_), Copan, Oblong altar (Maudslay, I, Pl.
114).
5. Frog or toad, Tro-Cortesianus 17b.
6. Frog and fish, Copan, Altar O (Maudslay, I, Pl. 85).
7. Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber (Maudslay, III,
Pl. 46).

PLATE 8

AMPHIBIA, REPTILIA

1. God F representing a tree-toad (_Hyla eximia_), Tro-Cortesianus
26b.
2. Glyph evidently belonging to fig. 3, Tro-Cortesianus 26a.
3. Same as fig. 1, Tro-Cortesianus 26a.
4. Snake, Nuttall 6.
5. Same, Nuttall 45.
6. Same, Nuttall 37.
7. Snake used as head-dress of a woman, Dresden 39b.
8. Same, Dresden 23b.
9. Same, Dresden 43b.
10. Same, Dresden 22b.
11. Same, Dresden 9c.
12. Same, Dresden 15b.
13. Same, Dresden 18a.
14. Dresden 42a.
15. Same as figs. 7-13, Dresden 20a.

[TN-19]]

PLATE 9

REPTILIA

RATTLESNAKE (_Crotalus_)

1. Tro-Cortesianus 33b.
2. Nahua day sign, _Couatl_, Aubin 10.
3. Tro-Cortesianus 52c.
4. Tro-Cortesianus 40b.
5. Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Painted Chamber (Maudslay, III,
Pl. 40).
6. Nuttall 29.
7. Glyph representing rattles, Tro-Cortesianus 106c.
8. Tro-Cortesianus 100d.
9. Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Painted Chamber (Maudslay, III,
Pl. 40).
10. Nuttall 54.

PLATE 10

REPTILIA

SERPENTS

1. Tree snake (possibly _Lachesis_), Dresden 27c.
2. Nuttall 37.
3. Dresden 57b.
4. Nuttall 5.
5. Nuttall 37.
6. Nuttall.
7. Serpent in connection with long number series, Dresden 62.
8. Dresden 37b.
9. Dresden 40c.

PLATE 11

REPTILIA

SERPENTS

1. Large snake with conventionalized spots, Tro-Cortesianus 30a.
2. Tro-Cortesianus 31b.

PLATE 12

REPTILIA

IGUANA, LIZARDS

1. Iguana as offering, Tro-Cortesianus 105c.
2. Iguana, Tro-Cortesianus 3b.
3. Iguana, as offering with _Kan_, Dresden 43c.
4. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 107b.
5. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 6a.
6. Same, Dresden 29b.
7. Offering, possibly representing a lizard, Dresden 27b.
8. Same, Dresden 34a.
9. Lizard used for _Uinal_ glyph, Copan, Stela D, gl. 4. (Maudslay, I,
Pl. 48).
10. Nahua day sign, _Cuetzpalin_ (lizard), Aubin 10.
11. Lizard, Dresden 3a.
12. Nuttall 10.
13. Offering, the portion with serrated margin possibly representing
an iguana, Tro-Cortesianus 12b.
14. Lizard, Nuttall 2.

PLATE 13

REPTILIA

CROCODILE (_Crocodilus_)

1. Glyph of the Nahua day sign, _Cipactli_, Nuttall 1.
2. Crocodile represented by head and limb, Nuttall 36.
3. Same as fig. 1, Nuttall 1.
4. Same as fig. 1, Nuttall 4.
5. Same as fig. 1, Nuttall 9.
6. Same as fig. 1, Nuttall 47.
7. Same as fig. 1, Nuttall 1.
8. Nuttall 75.
9. Head of lizard or possibly crocodile used as a _Uinal_ glyph,
Palenque, Temple of the Foliated Cross (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 82,
gl. 6).
10. Head of crocodile, Dresden 52b.
11. Head, possibly of a crocodile, Palenque, Temple of the Foliated
Cross (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 82, gl. 0,[TN-20] 4).
12. Conventionalized head of a crocodile, Dresden 53b.

PLATE 14

REPTILIA

TURTLES

1. Turtle, Tro-Cortesianus 19b.
2. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 17b.
3. Swimming turtle, Tro-Cortesianus 17a.
4. Possibly representing a turtle, Nuttall 33.
5. Turtle, Tro-Cortesianus 81c.
6. Freshwater turtle (_Chelydra_) with leeches attached,
Tro-Cortesianus 72b.
7. Glyph for fig. 3.
8. Glyph.
9. Glyph.
10. Glyph.
11. Turtle, Nuttall 43.
12. Turtle god, _Aac_, Dresden 49.

PLATE 15

AVES

HERONS[TN-21] FRIGATE BIRD

1. Heron, stucco ornament, Palenque, Palace, House B (Maudslay, IV,
Pl. 18).
2. Heron head-dress, Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber
(Maudslay, III, Pl. 45).
3. Head and neck of a heron, Dresden 37b.
4. Heron, Nuttall 74.
5. Heron with fish, Palenque, Temple of the Cross, West side panel
(Maudslay, IV, Pl. 71).
6. Heron[TN-22]
7. Heron with a fish as a head-dress, Dresden 36a.
8. Fork-tailed bird, probably a Frigate bird (_Fregata aquila_),
Tro-Cortesianus 34a.
9. Same, arranged for offering, Dresden 35a.

PLATE 16

AVES

OCELLATED TURKEY (_Agriocharis ocellata_)

1. Turkey in trap, Tro-Cortesianus 93a.
2. Turkey, Tro-Cortesianus 10b.
3. Turkey snared, Tro-Cortesianus 91a.
4. Tro-Cortesianus 4a.
5. Tro-Cortesianus 95c.
6. Tro-Cortesianus 37b.
7. Vaticanus 3773, 14.
8. Tro-Cortesianus 36a.
9. Whole turkey as offering, Dresden 26c.
10. Head of turkey as offering, Dresden 34a.
11. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 12b.
12. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 105b.
13. Dresden 20a.
14. Head of turkey as offering, Dresden 41c.
15. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 107b.
16. Same, Dresden 29c.
17. Same, Dresden 28c.

PLATE 17

AVES

KING VULTURE (_Sarcorhamphus papa_)

1. Tro-Cortesianus 67a.
2. Tro-Cortesianus 22c.
3. God with head of King Vulture, Dresden 19a.
4. King Vulture and Ocellated Turkey, Tro-Cortesianus 85a.
5. Glyph, showing head, Dresden 39c.
6. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 107c.
7. Same, Dresden 38b.
8. Same.
9. King Vulture, tearing out entrails of deer, Tro-Cortesianus 40a.
10. _Tun_ period glyph (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 89).
11. Tro-Cortesianus 94c.
12. Tro-Cortesianus 26c.
13. Glyph, Chichen Itza, Monjas, east (Maudslay, III, Pl. 13).

PLATE 18

AVES.

KING VULTURE (_Sarcorhamphus papa_), BLACK VULTURE (_Catharista urubu_)

1. Glyph of head of King Vulture, Dresden 11b.
2. Glyph for Nahua day sign, _Cozcaquauhtli_, Nuttall 5.
3. Same as fig. 2, Nuttall 41.
4. Same as fig. 2, Nuttall 5.
5. Same as fig. 2, Nuttall 4.
6. Same as fig. 2, showing considerable conventionalization. Nuttall
2.
7. Same as fig. 2, Nuttall 3.
8. Same as fig[TN-23] 2, further reduced, Nuttall 18.
9. Same as fig. 2, Nuttall 3.
10. Same as fig. 2, Nuttall 20.
11. Probably a Black Vulture, Tro-Cortesianus 95c.
12. Black Vulture, Tro-Cortesianus 70a.
13. Same, Dresden 17b.
14. Possibly a Black Vulture, Chichen Itza, Monjas, east (Maudslay,
III, Pl. 13).
15. Head of Black Vulture, Nuttall 32.
16. Glyph of head of same, Dresden 54b.
17. Black Vulture, Tro-Cortesianus 36b.
18. Head of same, Tro-Cortesianus 26c.
19. Same, Dresden 39c.
20. Same, Nuttall 19.
21. Same, Nuttall 34.
22. Same, Dresden 37c.
23. Same, Nuttall 27.
24. Same, Nuttall 1.
25. Same, Nuttall 34.
26. Same, Nuttall 9.
27. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 19b.

PLATE 19

AVES.

VULTURES

1. Vulture (probably a King Vulture) tearing at entrails of an animal,
Tro-Cortesianus 42a.
2. Nuttall 69.
3. Nuttall 74.
4. Possibly a Black Vulture, Tro-Cortesianus 35b.
5. Tro-Cortesianus 26d.
6. Tro-Cortesianus 26d.
7. Dresden 3a.
8. Glyph, Copan (Maudslay, I, Pl. 16).
9. Glyph, Copan, Altar K (Maudslay, I, gl. 73).
10. Glyph, Tikal, House 9 (Maudslay, III, Pl. 79).
11. Black Vulture and snake, Dresden 36b.
12. Probably vultures, Tro-Cortesianus 100b.
13. Probably a vulture, Tro-Cortesianus 18b.
14. Same, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber, Chichen Itza (Maudslay,
III, Pl. 46).

PLATE 20

AVES

HARPY EAGLE (_Thrasaetos harpyia_)

1. Glyph, Copan (Maudslay, I, Pl. 16, gl. 3).
2. Nuttall 53.
3. Glyph, Copan (Maudslay, I, Pl. 16, gl. 13).
4. Tro-Cortesianus 88c.
5. Part of a head-dress, Dresden 14c.
6. Peresianus 2.
7. Dresden 14b.
8. Eagle with crest feathers tipped by flints, Nuttall[TN-24]
9. Glyph, Tro-Cortesianus 107c.
10. Stone carving, Chichen Itza (Maudslay, III, Pl. 52).
11. Dresden 23c.
12. Possibly an eagle's head, Dresden 43c.
13. Possibly an eagle, Dresden 74.
14. Bologna 7.

PLATE 21

AVES

YUCATAN HORNED OWL (_Bubo virginianus mayensis_)

1. Owl in flight, Stucco ornament, Palenque, Palace, House E
(Maudslay, IV, Pl. 43).
2. Stone carving of owl, Yaxchilan, Stela 4 (Peabody Museum Memoirs,
II, Pl. 70).
3. Owl in flight, carved in wood, Tikal, House C, lintel (Maudslay,
III, Pl. 78).

PLATE 22

AVES

YUCATAN HORNED OWL (_Bubo virginianus mayensis_)

1. Bologna 7.
2. As a head-dress, Tro-Cortesianus 95c.
3. Borgia 7.
4. On end of staff carried by warrior, Chichen Itza, Temple of the
Tigers, Lower Chamber (Maudslay, III, Pl. 49).
5. Aubin 13.
6. Head highly conventionalized, Palenque, Temple of the Sun
(Maudslay, IV, Pl. 88).
7. Screech-owl (_chiquatli_), Aubin.

22[TN-25]]

PLATE 23

AVES

YUCATAN SCREECH OWL or _Moan-bird_ (_Otus choliba thompsoni_)

1. Dresden 7c.
2. Tro-Cortesianus 66a.
3. Dresden 11a.
4. As a head-dress, Tro-Cortesianus 94c.
5. As a head-dress, Dresden 18b.
6. Glyph associated with Moan-bird, Dresden 7c.
7. Same, Dresden 7c.
8. Dresden 10a.
9. Peresianus 10.
10. Peresianus 5.
11. Glyph representing head, Dresden 38c.
12. Same, Dresden 8b.
13. Same, Dresden 53b.
14. Same, Dresden 16c.
15. Glyph possibly representing Moan-bird, Dresden 38c.
16. Glyph of head, Dresden 53b.
17. Glyph associated with Moan-bird.
18. Tro-Cortesianus 73b.
19. As a head-dress, Dresden 16c.
20. As a head-dress, Tro-Cortesianus 95c.
21. Glyph associated with Moan-bird, Dresden 7c.

[TN-26]]

PLATE 24

AVES

COPPERY-TAILED TROGON or QUETZAL (_Pharomacrus mocinno_)

1. Head-dress with crest feathers shown as knobs, Dresden 7c.
2. Head-dress, Dresden 13b.
3. Same, Dresden 16c.
4. Tro-Cortesianus 100b.
5. Tro-Cortesianus 70a.
6. Head-dress, Tro-Cortesianus 94c.
7. Nuttall 33.
8. Conventionalized tail as a head ornament, Dresden 20c.
9. Vaticanus 3773, 17.
10. Glyph, Palenque, Temple of the Sun (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 89, gl. O,
9).
11. Trogon descending on a sacrifice, Bologna 8.
12. Tro-Cortesianus 36b.
13. Glyph, Copan (Maudslay, I, Pl. 111, gl. 54).
14. Glyph apparently representing a trogon's head, Dresden 20c.
15. Same, Dresden 9b.
16. Same, Dresden 3a.
17. Head, Nuttall 43.
18. Tro-Cortesianus 26c.
19. Figure with head ornament resembling a trogon glyph, Dresden 20c.

PLATE 25

AVES

BLUE MACAW (_Ara militaris_)

1. Figure with macaw head and holding firebrands, Dresden 40b.
2. Head-dress, Dresden 16c.
3. Tro-Cortesianus 12a.
4. Glyph, Copan, Stela 11 (Maudslay, I, Pl. 112, gl. 12).
5. Same, Copan, Stela B (Maudslay, I, Pl. 38).
6. Glyph used in connection with fig. 1.
7. Glyph.
8. Stone carving of upper mandible and head, Copan, Stela B (Maudslay,
I, Pl. 37).
9. Head, probably of a turtle, month sign _Kayab_, Quirigua, Stela A
(Maudslay, II, Pl. 7, gl. 14).
10. Head, probably of a macaw, Copan, Altar Q (Maudslay, I, Pl. 93).
11. Tro-Cortesianus 37b.
12. Head, probably of a macaw, Copan, Stela A (Maudslay, I, Pl. 30,
gl. 19).
13. Tro-Cortesianus 94c.

PLATE 26

AVES

PARROTS, TURKEYS

1. Macaw as a head-dress, Tro-Cortesianus 26c.
2. Bird of sacrifice, doubtless an Ocellated Turkey (_Agriocharis_)
Dresden 25c. (Compare also Dresden 26c[TN-27] 27c, 28c.)
3. Head-dress, probably a macaw, Copan, Altar Q (Maudslay, I, Pl. 92).
4. Possibly a parrot (_Amazona_), Nuttall 4.
5. Head-dress, head of a macaw, Tro-Cortesianus 89a.
6. Head-dress, possibly representing a parrot, Dresden 12b.
7. Possibly a parrot (_Amazona_), Nuttall 71.
8. Glyph representing a macaw's head, Tikal, Temple C (Maudslay, III,
Pl. 78).
9. Parrot-like head-dress, Dresden 19a.
10. Possibly a macaw, Tro-Cortesianus 37b.
11. Parrot-like head-dress, Dresden 11b.
12. Bird of sacrifice, probably an Ocellated Turkey or a Chachalaca,
Nuttall 22.
13. Parrot-like head-dress, Dresden 11a.
14. Head of Ocellated Turkey or a Chachalaca, Nuttall 5.

PLATE 27

AVES

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Bird of sacrifice, an Ocellated Turkey or a Chachalaca, Nuttall 2.
2. Same, Nuttall 16.
3. Same, Nuttall 19.
4. Same, Nuttall 1.
5. Woodpecker possibly _Campephilus imperialis_, Nuttall 74.
6. Same, Nuttall 71.
7. Possibly a Raven (_Corvus corax sinuatus_), Nuttall 48.
8. Parrot (_cocho_), Aubin 11.
9. Same, Aubin 13.
10. Turkey-cock (_uexolot_),[TN-28] Aubin 11.
11. Same, Aubin 13.

PLATE 28

VARIOUS ANIMALS

1. Earthenware vessel representing a tapir (_Tapirella_) with a
necklace of Oliva shells (Seler, 1904b, p. 106, fig. 23).
2. Stone carving, possibly of a King Vulture (_Sarcorhamphus papa_),
Copan, Altar T (Maudslay, I, Pl. 96).
3. Stone carving, possibly a lizard, Copan, Stela 6 (Maudslay I, Pl.
107).
4. Stone carving, probably a jaguar (_Felis onca hernandezi_), Copan,
Stela 2 (Maudslay, I, Pl. 102).
5. Stone carving of a Black Vulture (_Catharista urubu_), Copan, Stela
D (Maudslay, I, Pl. 48).
6. Lizard (?) attacked by two birds (?) perhaps vultures, Quirigua,
Altar B (Maudslay, II, Pl. 15).

PLATE 29

MAMMALIA

ARMADILLO AND MISCELLANEOUS

1. Nine-banded Armadillo (_Tatu novemcinctum_), Tro-Cortesianus 103a.
2. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 92d.
3. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 103a.
4. Armadillo captured in a pitfall, Tro-Cortesianus 48a.
5. Undetermined animal, Dresden 14c.
6. Undetermined animal, possibly a frog or a marsupial,
Tro-Cortesianus 33a.
7. Rodent, Nuttall 11.
8. Undetermined animal, Tro-Cortesianus 24d.

PLATE 30

MAMMALIA

DEER, HARE

1. Yucatan deer, caught in a snare, Tro-Cortesianus 48b.
2. Yucatan brocket (_Mazama pandora_) caught in a pitfall,
Tro-Cortesianus 92a.
3. Glyph for hare or rabbit, Nuttall 16.
4. Same, Nuttall 5.
5. Yucatan deer, Dresden 60a.
6. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 30b.
7. Hare or rabbit, Nuttall 22.
8. Same, Dresden 61[TN-29]

PLATE 31

MAMMALIA

YUCATAN DEER (_Odocoileus yucatanensis_)

1. Doe, Dresden 45c.
2. Same, Fegervary-Mayer 26.
3. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 29c.
4. Same, Nuttall 50.
5. Same captured in snare, Tro-Cortesianus 86a.
6. Head-dress of god M, Tro-Cortesianus 50b.
7. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 51c.
8. Doe, Tro-Cortesianus 2b.
9. Head of same, Nuttall 43.
10. Head of doe as sacrifice, Tro-Cortesianus 77.
11. Same, Peresianus 10.
12. Haunch of venison as a sacrifice, Dresden 35a.
13. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 105b.
14. Same, Dresden 28c.
15. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 108a.

PLATE 32

MAMMALIA

YUCATAN PECCARY (_Tayassu angulatum yucatanense_) YUCATAN DEER (_Odocoileus yucatanensis_)

1. Peccary, Nuttall 79.
2. Same, Dresden 68a.
3. Combination, a peccary's head and forefoot, with long tail and
hindfoot without hoofs, Tro-Cortesianus 66a[TN-30]
4. Peccary, Dresden 45b.
5. Man with peccary head, Copan, Sela[TN-31] D, cast (Maudslay, I, Pl.
46).
6. Combination animal, with hoofs and dorsal crest of a peccary and
scales of a reptile, Dresden 75.
7. Peccary, Nuttall 9.
8. Yucatan deer, with conventionalized antler, glyph for Nahua day
sign, _Macatl_, Nuttall 26.
9. Same, Peresianus 5.
10. Glyph for Nahua day sign _Macatl_, Aubin 10.
11. Same, Nuttall 5.
12. Deer, Copan, Stela N, East (Maudslay, I, Pl. 79).

PLATE 33

MAMMALIA

YUCATAN PECCARY (_Tayassu angulatum yucatanense_)

1. Peccary caught in a snare, Tro-Cortesianus 49c.
2. Glyph, Chichen Itza, Monjas, East (Maudslay, III, Pl. 13).
3. Head as a head-dress, Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Lower
Chamber (Maudslay, III).
4. Peccary caught in a snare, Tro-Cortesianus 93a.
5. Tro-Cortesianus 30b.
6. Dresden 62.
7. Glyph representing a peccary's head, Dresden 45b.
8. Same, Dresden 43b.
9. Peccary caught in a snare, Tro-Cortesianus 49a.

PLATE 34

MAMMALIA

JAGUAR, PUMA

1. Jaguar (_Felis hernandezi_), Nuttall 24.
2. Man seated in the open mouth of an animal, possibly a jaguar,
Tro-Cortesianus 20a.
3. Nahua day sign, _Oceolotl_, Aubin 9.
4. Pot representing a jaguar or puma (Gann, 1897-1898, Pl. 34).
5. Probably a puma (_Felis bangsi costaricensis_), Chichen Itza,
Temple of the Tigers, Painted Chamber (Maudslay, III, Pl. 40).
6. Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber (Maudslay, III,
Pl. 50).
7. Probably a puma, Dresden 47.

]

PLATE 35

MAMMALIA

COYOTE, BEAR, JAGUAR

1. Probably a coyote (_Canis_), Nuttall 6.
2. Same, Nuttall 26.
3. Possibly a bear (_Ursus_), Dresden 37a.
4. Same, Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers (Maudslay, III, 38).
5. Jaguar (_Felis hernandezi_), Dresden 8a.
6. Glyph, probably of a jaguar head, Copan, Stela 4 (Maudslay, I, Pl.
104).
7. Copan, Altar F (Maudslay, I, Pl. 114).
8. Jaguar, Tro-Cortesianus 28c.
9. Stone carving of jaguar head, Palenque, Palace, House C (Maudslay,
IV, Pl. 24).
10. Jaguar, Tro-Cortesianus 30b.
11. Glyph, probably of a jaguar.
12. Head of jaguar in fresco, Santa Rita (Gann, 1897-1898, Pl. 31).
13. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 2a.
14. Same, Nuttall 27.

PLATE 36

MAMMALIA

DOG (_Canis_)

1. Dog and crab, Tro-Cortesianus 88c.
2. Tro-Cortesianus 37b.
3. Tro-Cortesianus 66b.
4. Head, Nuttall 34.
5. Nuttall 72.
6. Head, Nuttall 20.
7. Probably a dog, Nuttall 3.
8. Aubin 9.
9. Glyph for day sign _Oc_.
10. Same.
11. Same.
12. Tro-Cortesianus 91d.
13. Glyph for Nahua day sign _Itzcuintli_, Aubin 9.
14. Tro-Cortesianus 27d.

PLATE 37

MAMMALIA

DOG (_Canis_)

1. Dog bearing firebrands, Dresden 40b.
2. Same, Dresden 39a.
3. Same, Dresden 36a.
4. Tro-Cortesianus 88a.
5. Dresden 21b.
6. Tro-Cortesianus 24c.
7. Dresden 13c.
8. Tro-Cortesianus 37a.
9. Dresden 30a.
10. Dresden 7a.
11. Glyph supposed to represent a dog's ribs, Dresden 13c.
12. Dresden 29a.
13. Head, Tro-Cortesianus 91d.

PLATE 38

MAMMALIA

LEAF-NOSED BAT (_Vampyrus spectrum_ or _Phyllostomus hastatus panamensis_)

1. Glyph, Chichen Itza, Akat 'Cib (Maudslay, III, Pl. 19.)[TN-33]
2. Glyph, Copan (Maudslay, I, Pl. 8).
3. Bat god, drawn as glyph, Copan, Stela D (Maudslay, I, Pl. 48).
4. Glyph, Copan (Maudslay, I, Pl. 8).
5. Glyph, Palenque, Temple of the Inscriptions (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 60,
gl. Q 1).
6. Glyph, Tikal (Maudslay III, Pl. 74, gl. 41).
7. Bat gad used as decoration on pottery, Chama (Dieseldorff, 1904).

PLATE 39

MAMMALIA

MONKEY AND MISCELLANEOUS

1. Capuchin monkey (_Cebus capucinus_), Nuttall 1.
2. Same, Nuttall 5.
3. Head of same, Nuttall 38.
4. Nondescript animal, possibly a combination of monkey and peccary,
Tro-Cortesianus 88c.
5. Glyph, possibly representing a monkey, found in connection with
fig. 4.
6. Glyph of head of monkey, Nuttall 1.
7. Head of long-nosed god, Tro-Cortesianus 30a.
8. Head of monkey, glyph for Nahua day sign, _Ocomatli_, Aubin 9.
9. Long-nosed god, Tro-Cortesianus 30b.
10. God with head-dress, Dresden 5c.

Transcriber's Note:

The following typographical errors were noted in the original text:

TN-1 279 "Yucatan Horned Ow" should read "Yucatan Horned Owl"
TN-2 281 "Mandslay" should read "Maudslay"
TN-3 284 "deRosny" should read "de Rosny"
TN-4 299 "connnection" should read "connection"
TN-5 299 "signifiance" should read "significance"
TN-6 299 "lightening" should read "lightning"
TN-7 340 "indicatd" should read "indicated"
TN-8 344 "Kayae" should read "Kayab"
TN-9 353 "(Dresden 44b, 45b, (Pl. 32, fig. 4)" Has an extra ( before
Pl.
TN-10 366 "C. hypoleucus Auct.)" should read "Auct.)."
TN-11 Footnote 327-[+] "coasa" should read "cosas"
TN-12 Footnote 349-* "for" should read "por"
TN-13 371 "Espanales" should read "Espanoles"
TN-14 371 "l'Ameirque" should read "l'Amerique"
TN-15 371 "Bibliotheque" should read "Bibliotheque"
TN-16 372 "1895. republished" should read "1895. Republished"
TN-17 372 "und Maya-Handschriften:" colon should be a semi-colon
TN-18 Plate 2 caption "4, 6" should have a . following
TN-19 Plate 8 Plate number was not printed on the page
TN-20 Plate 13 caption "Pl. 82, gl. 0, 4" should read "O, 4"
TN-21 Plate 15 caption "HERONS FRIGATE" should read "HERONS, FRIGATE"
TN-22 Plate 15 caption "6. Heron" should have a . at the end
TN-23 Plate 18 caption "8. Same as fig" should read "fig."
TN-24 Plate 20 caption "flints, Nuttall" should end with a .
TN-25 Plate 22 The word "Plate" was incompletely printed
TN-26 Plate 23 "23" was missing the second digit
TN-27 Plate 26 caption "Dresden 26c 27c," should have a , after 26c
TN-28 Plate 28 caption "uexolot" should read "uexolotl"
TN-29 Plate 29 caption "Dresden 61" was missing the . at the end
TN-30 Plate 32 caption "Tro-Cortesianus 66a" was missing the . at the
end
TN-31 Plate 32 caption "Sela" should read "Stela"
TN-32 Plate 34 "PLATE 34," should not end with a comma
TN-33 Plate 38 "Pl. 19.)" should read "Pl. 19)."

The following words had inconsistent hyphenation:

Blow-fly / Blowfly
cross-hatched / crosshatched
pit-fall / pitfall

The following words had inconsistent spelling:

dechiffrement / dechiffrement
Fegervary-Mayer / Fejervary-Mayer / Fejervary-Mayer
Relacion / Relacion
role / role