Chapter 7 (3)

[Though apparently there is no legal connubium between Jāts and
Rājputs, the two tribes are closely connected, and it has been
suggested that both had their origin in invaders from Central Asia,
the leaders becoming Rājputs, the lower orders Jāt peasants. The
author, at the close of Vol. II., gives an inscription recording the
marriage of a Jāt with a Yādava princess.]

Footnote 2.7.113:

“The superiority of the Chinese over the Turks caused the great Khan
to turn his arms against the Nomadic Getae of Mawaru-l-nahr
(Transoxiana), descended from the Yueh-chi, and bred on the Jihun or
Oxus, whence they had extended themselves along the Indus and even
Ganges, and are there yet found. These Getae had embraced the religion
of Fo” (_Hist. Gén. des Huns_, tom. i. p. 375).

Footnote 2.7.114:

"To my foe, salutation! This foe how shall I describe? Of the race of
_Jat Kathida_, whose ancestor, the warrior Takshak, formed the garland
on the neck of Mahadeva." Though this is a figurative allusion to the
snake necklace of the father of creation, yet it evidently pointed to
the Jat’s descent from the Takshak. But enough has been said elsewhere
of the snake race, the parent of the Scythic tribes, which the divine
Milton seems to have taken from Diodorus’s account of the mother of
the Scythac:

“Woman to the waist, and fair;
But ended foul in many a scaly fold!”
_Paradise Lost_, Book ii. 650 f.

Whether the _Jat Kathida_ is the Jat or Getae of Cathay (_da_ being
the mark of the genitive case) we will leave to conjecture [?]. [Ney
Elias (_History of the Moghuls of Central Asia_, 75) suggests that the
theory of the connexion between Jāts and Getae was largely based on an
error regarding the term _jatah_, ‘rascal,’ applied as a mark of
reproach to the Moguls by the Chagatai.]

Footnote 2.7.115:

This place existed in the twelfth century as a capital; since an
inscription of Kamarpal, prince of Anhilwara, declares that this
monarch carried his conquests “even to Salpur.” There is Sialkot in
Rennell’s geography, and Wilford mentions “Sangala, a famous city in
ruins, sixty miles west by north of Lahore, situated in a forest, and
said to be built by Puru.”

Footnote 2.7.116:

At this time (A.D. 449) the Jut brothers, Hengist and Horsa, led a
colony from Jutland and founded the kingdom of Kent (_qu._ _Kantha_,
‘a coast,’ in Sanskrit, as in Gothic _Konta_?). The laws they there
introduced, more especially the still prevailing one of gavelkind,
where all the sons share equally, except the youngest who has a double
portion, are purely Scythic, and brought by the original Goth from the
Jaxartes. Alaric had finished his career, and Theodoric and Genseric
(_ric_, ‘king,’ in Sanskrit [?]) were carrying their arms into Spain
and Africa. [These speculations are valueless.]

Footnote 2.7.117:

Why should these proselytes, if originally Yadu, assume the name of
Jat or Jāt? It must be either that the Yadus were themselves the
Scythic Yuti or Yueh-chi, or that the branches intermarried with the
Jats, and consequently became degraded as Yadus, and the mixed issue
bore the name of the mother.

Footnote 2.7.118:

The Jadu ka Dang, ‘or hills of Yadu,’ mentioned in the sketch of this
race as one of their intermediate points of halt when they were driven
from India after the Mahabharata.

Footnote 2.7.119:

Near the spot where Alexander built his fleet, which navigated to
Babylon thirteen hundred years before.

Footnote 2.7.120:

Translated by Dow, ‘an island.’ Sind Sagar is one of the Duabas of the
Panjab. I have compared Dow’s translation of the earlier portion of
the history of Ferishta with the original, and it is infinitely more
faithful than the world gives him credit for. His errors are most
considerable in numerals and in weights and measures; and it is owing
to this that he has made the captured wealth of India appear so
incredible.

Footnote 2.7.121:

Ferishta vol. i. [The translation in the text is an abstract of that
of Dow (i. 72). That of Briggs (i. 81 f.) is more accurate. In neither
version is there any mention of the Sind Sāgar. Rose (_Glossary_, ii.
359) discredits the account of this naval engagement, and expresses a
doubt whether the Jats at this period occupied Jūd or the Salt
Ranges.]

Footnote 2.7.122:

[By the ‘Getae’ of the text the author apparently means Mongols.]

Footnote 2.7.123:

Abulghazi vol. ii. chap. 16. After his battle with Sultan Mahmud of
Delhi, Timur gave orders, to use the word of his historian, “for the
slaughter of a hundred thousand infidel slaves. The great mosque was
fired, and the souls of the infidels were sent to the abyss of hell.
Towers were erected of their heads, and their bodies were thrown as
food to the beasts and birds of prey. At Mairta the infidel Guebres
were flayed alive.” This was by order of Tamerlane, to whom the
dramatic historians of Europe assign every great and good quality!

Footnote 2.7.124:

[The first Hun invasion occurred in 455 A.D., and about 500 they
overthrew the Gupta Empire (Smith, _EHI_, 309, 316).]

Footnote 2.7.125:

_Asiatic Researches_, vol. i. p. 136.

Footnote 2.7.126:

_Hist. Gén. des Huns_, tom. iii. p. 238.

Footnote 2.7.127:

[The name Tatar is derived from that of the Ta-ta Mongols (_EB_, xxvi.
448).]

Footnote 2.7.128:

_Précis de Géographie universelle._ Malte-Brun traces a connexion
between the Hungarians and the Scandinavians, from similarity of
language: “A ces siècles primitifs où les Huns, les Goths, les Jotes,
les Ases, et bien d’autres peuples étaient réunis autour des anciens
autels d’Odin.” Several of the words which he affords us are Sanskrit
in origin. Vol. vi. p. 370.

Footnote 2.7.129:

_Eclaircissemens Géographiques sur la Carte de l’Inde_, p. 43 [Smith,
_EHI_, 315 ff.].

Footnote 2.7.130:

An orthography which more assimilates with the Hindu pronunciation of
the name Huon, or Oun, than Hun.

Footnote 2.7.131:

The same bard says that there are three or four houses of these Huns
at Trisawi, three coss from Baroda; and the Khichi bard, Moghji, says
their traditions record the existence of many powerful Hun princes in
India. [On the Huns in W. India see _BG_, i. Part i. 122 ff. The
difficulty in the text is now removed by the proof that many of them
became Rājputs.]

Footnote 2.7.132:

The late Captain Macmurdo, whose death was a loss to the service and
to literature, gives an animated account of the habits of the Kathi.
His opinions coincide entirely with my own regarding this race. See
vol. i. p. 270, _Trans. Soc. of Bombay_. [For accounts of the Kāthi
see _BG_, ix. Part i. 252 ff., viii. 122 ff. Under the Mahrattas
Kāthiāwār, the name of the Kāthi tract, was extended to the whole of
Saurāshtra (Wilberforce-Bell, _Hist. of Kathiawad_, 132 f.).]

Footnote 2.7.133:

It is needless to particularise them here. In the poems of Chand, some
books of which I have translated and purpose giving to the public, the
important part the Kathi had assigned to them will appear.

Footnote 2.7.134:

[In the form of a symbol like a spider, the rays forming the legs
(_BG_, ix. Part i. 257).]

Footnote 2.7.135:

It is the Rajput of Kathiawar, not of Rajasthan, to whom Captain
Macmurdo alludes.

Footnote 2.7.136:

Of their personal appearance, and the blue eye indicative of their
Gothic or Getic origin, the author will have occasion to speak more
particularly in his personal narrative.

Footnote 2.7.137:

‘Princes of Tatta and Multan.’

Footnote 2.7.138:

[The origin of the Bālas is not certain: they were probably Gurjaras
(_Ibid._ 495 f.).]

Footnote 2.7.139:

[Chotila in Kāthiāwār (_BG_, viii. 407).]

Footnote 2.7.140:

His son, Madho Singh, the present administrator, is the offspring of
the celebrated Zalim and a Ranawat chieftain’s daughter, which has
entitled his (Madho Singh’s) issue to marry far above their scale in
rank. So much does superiority of blood rise above all worldly
considerations with a Rajput, that although Zalim Singh held the reins
of the richest and best ordered State of Rajasthan, he deemed his
family honoured by his obtaining to wife for his grandson the daughter
of a Kachhwaha minor chieftain.

Footnote 2.7.141:

[Ghumli in the Barda hills, about 40 miles east of Porbandar
(Wilberforce-Bell, _Hist. of Kathiawad_, 49 f.; _BG_, viii. 440).]

Footnote 2.7.142:

[The terms Kamār and Kamāri seem to have disappeared.]

Footnote 2.7.143:

A compound word from goh, ‘strength’; Ila, ‘the earth.’ [This is out
of the question: cf. Guhilot.]

Footnote 2.7.144:

[For Kher, ‘the cradle of the Rathors,’ see Erskine iii. _A._ 199.]

Footnote 2.7.145:

[For the island of Piram in Ahmadabad district see _IGI_, xx. 149 f.,
and for the tradition Wilberforce-Bell, _op. cit._ 71 f.; _BG_, iv.
348, viii. 114.]

Footnote 2.7.146:

[The ancient Nandapadra in Rājpīpla, Bombay (_IGI_, xviii. 361; _BG_,
i. Part ii. 314).]

Footnote 2.7.147:

_Sarwaiya Khatri tain sar._

Footnote 2.7.148:

_Su_, as before observed, is a distinctive prefix, meaning
‘excellent.’ [The derivation is impossible. Lāta was S. Gujarāt.]

Footnote 2.7.149:

[For the Dābhi tribe, see _IA_, iii. 69 ff., 193 f.; Forbes,
_Rāsmāla_, 237 f.]

Footnote 2.7.150:

In 1807 the author passed through this territory, in a solitary ramble
to explore these parts, then little known; and though but a young
_Sub._, was courteously received and entertained both at Baroda and
Sheopur. In 1809 he again entered the country under very different
circumstances, in the suite of the British envoy with Sindhia’s court,
and had the grief to witness the operations against Sheopur, and its
fall, unable to aid his friends. The Gaur prince had laid aside the
martial virtues. He became a zealot in the worship of Vishnu, left off
animal food, was continually dancing before the image of the god, and
was far more conversant in the mystical poetry of Krishna and his
beloved Radha than in the martial song of the bard. His name was
Radhikadas, ‘the slave of Radha’; and, as far as he is personally
concerned, we might cease to lament that he was the last of his race.

Footnote 2.7.151:

[Only two sub-clans are named in _Rajputana Census Report, 1911_, i.
255. Gaur Rājputs are numerous in the United Provinces, and the Gaur
Brāhmans of Jaipur represent a foreign tribe merged into Hindu society
(_IA_, xi. 22). They can have no connexion with the Pāla or Sena
dynasty of Bengal (Smith, _EHI_, 397 ff.).]

Footnote 2.7.152:

See _Transactions of Royal Asiatic Society_, vol. i. p. 133. [They are
found in the Upper Ganges-Jumna Duab, and are Musalmāns.]

Footnote 2.7.153:

Benares.

Footnote 2.7.154:

[For the Gaharwār, see Crooke, _Tribes and Castes N.W.P. and Oudh_,
ii. 32 ff., and for the Gaharwār dynasty of Kanauj (Smith, _EHI_, 384
ff.).]

Footnote 2.7.155:

Slain at the instigation of Prince Salim, son of Akbar, afterwards the
emperor Jahangir. See this incident stated in the emperor’s own
_Commentaries_ [_Āīn_, i. Introd. xxiv. ff.].

Footnote 2.7.156:

[For Subhkaran Singh, see Manucci (i. 270, 272). Dalpat was one of his
patients (_Ibid._ ii. 298).]

Footnote 2.7.157:

On the death of Mahadaji Sindhia, the females of his family, in
apprehension of his successor (Daulat Rao), sought refuge and
protection with the Raja of Datia. An army was sent to demand their
surrender, and hostility was proclaimed as the consequence of refusal.
This brave man would not even await the attack, but at the head of a
devoted band of three hundred horse, with their lances, carried
destruction amongst their assailants, neither giving nor receiving
quarter: and thus he fell in defence of the laws of sanctuary and
honour. Even when grievously wounded, he would accept no aid, and
refused to leave the field, but disdaining all compromise awaited his
fate. The author has passed upon the spot where this gallant deed was
performed; and from his son, the present Raja, had the annals of his
house.

Footnote 2.7.158:

Amber or Jaipur, as well as Macheri, were comprehended in Dhundhar,
the ancient geographical designation [said to be derived from an
ancient sacrificial mound (_dhūndh_), on the western frontier of the
State, or from a demon-king, Dhūndhu (_IGI_, xiii. 385).]

Footnote 2.7.159:

The ruins of Rajor are about fifteen miles west of Rajgarh. A person
sent there by the author reported the existence of inscriptions in the
temple of Nilkantha Mahadeo.

Footnote 2.7.160:

[They are numerous in the United Provinces, but their origin and
traditions are uncertain.]

Footnote 2.7.161:

[See Crooke, _Tribes and Castes N.W.P. and Oudh_, iv. 263 ff.]

Footnote 2.7.162:

[They are almost certainly of mixed origin (Crooke, _op. cit._ i. 118
ff.).]

Footnote 2.7.163:

[They lived east of the Caspian Sea, and can have no connexion with
the Indian Dahia (Sykes, _Hist. of Persia_, i. 330).]

Footnote 2.7.164:

[Their origin is very uncertain; in Bahāwalpur they now repudiate
Rājput descent, and claim to be descendants of the Prophet (Rose,
_Glossary_, ii. 410 ff.; Malik Muhammad Din, _Gazetteer Bahawalpur_,
i. 23, 133 ff.).]

Footnote 2.7.165:

[The Malloi (Skt. Mālava) occupied the present Montgomery District,
and parts of Jhang. They had no connexion with Multan (Skt.
Mūlasthānapura), (Smith, _EHI_, 96; McCrindle, _Alexander_, 350 ff.).]

Footnote 2.7.166:

[They are a mixed race, early settlers in Alwar (Crooke, _Tribes and
Castes N.W.P. and Oudh_, iv. 86 ff.).]

Footnote 2.7.167:

The final syllable _ka_ is a mark of the genitive case [?].

Footnote 2.7.168:

‘Chief of a country,’ from _des_, ‘country,’ and _pati_, ‘chief.’
(_Qu._ δεσπότης?)

Footnote 2.7.169:

[_Āīn_, ii. 344 f. Dāhir was killed in action: the real tragedy was
the death of Muhammad bin Kāsim in consequence of a false accusation
(Elliot-Dowson i. 292).]

Footnote 2.7.170:

[Elliot (_Supplemental Glossary_, 262) writes the name Dhāhima, and
says they are found in Meerut District.]

Footnote 2.7.171:

Chand, the bard, thus describes Bayana, and the marriage of
Prithwiraja with the Dahimi: “On the summit of the hills of
Druinadahar, whose awful load oppressed the head of Sheshnag, was
placed the castle of Bayana, resembling Kailas. The Dahima had three
sons and two fair daughters: may his name be perpetuated throughout
this iron age! One daughter was married to the Lord of Mewat, the
other to the Chauhan. With her he gave in dower eight beauteous
damsels and sixty-three female slaves, one hundred chosen horses of
the breed of Irak, two elephants, and ten shields, a pallet of silver
for the bride, one hundred wooden images, one hundred chariots, and
one thousand pieces of gold.” The bard, on taking leave, says: “the
Dahima lavished his gold, and filled his coffers with the praises of
mankind. The Dahimi produced a jewel, a gem without price, the Prince
Rainsi.”

The author here gives a fragment of the ruins of Bayana, the ancient
abode of the Dahima.

Footnote 2.7.172:

[Many names in the following list are not capable of identification,
and their correct form is uncertain. Those of the mercantile tribes
are largely groups confined to Rājputāna.]

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