Chapter I: Front Matter

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Transcriber’s Note:

This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects. Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

The text is annotated with numerous footnotes, which were numbered sequentially on each page. On occasion, a footnote itself is annotated by a note, using an asterisk as the reference. This distinction is followed here. Those ‘notes on notes’ are given alphabetic sequence (A, B., etc.), and are positioned directly following the main note.

Since there are over 1500 notes in this volume, they have been gathered at each chapter’s end, and resequenced for each chapter, using a dot notation for chapter and page (e.g. 10.4.2).

The notes are a combination of those of the author, and of the editor of this edition. The latter are enclosed in square brackets.

Finally, the pagination of the original edition, published in the 1820’s, was preserved by Crooke for ease of reference by including those page numbers in the text, also enclosed in square brackets.

Crooke’s plan for the renovation of the Tod’s original text, including a discussion of the transliteration of Hindi words, is given in detail in the Preface. It should be noted that the use of the macron to guide pronunciation is very unevenly followed, and there was no intent here to regularize it.

There are a number of references to a map, sometimes referred to as appearing in Volume I. In this edition, the map appears at the end of Volume III.

Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected. Given the history of the text, it was thought best to leave all orthography as printed.

Please see the transcriber’s note at the end of this text for details regarding the handling of any textual issues encountered during its preparation.

ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES
OF RAJASTHAN

COLONEL JAMES TOD.
(By permission of Lt.-Col. C. D. Blunt-Mackenzie, R.A.)
_Frontispiece._
]

ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES
OF
RAJASTHAN

OR THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN
RAJPUT STATES OF INDIA

BY

LIEUT.-COL. JAMES TOD

LATE POLITICAL AGENT TO THE WESTERN RAJPUT STATES

EDITED WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY

WILLIAM CROOKE, C.I.E.

HON. D.SC. OXON., B.A., F.R.A.I.

LATE OF THE INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE

IN THREE VOLUMES

VOL. II

HUMPHREY MILFORD
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

LONDON EDINBURGH GLASGOW NEW YORK
TORONTO MELBOURNE BOMBAY
1920

CONTENTS

PAGE

BOOK IV—_continued_

ANNALS OF MEWAR

CHAPTER 19

Influence of the hierarchy in Rajputana—Emulation of its
princes in grants to the priesthood—Analogy between the
customs of the Hindus, in this respect, and those of the
ancient people—Superstition of the lower orders—Secret
influence of the Brahmans on the higher classes—Their
frauds—Ecclesiastical dues from the land, etc.—The Saivas
of Rajasthan—The worship and shrine of Eklinga—The
Jains—Their numbers and extensive power—The temple of
Nathdwara, and worship of Kanhaiya—The privilege of
Sanctuary—Predominance of the doctrines of Kanhaiya
beneficial to Rajput society 589

CHAPTER 20

The origin of Kanhaiya or Krishna—Sources of a plurality of
gods among the Hindus—Allegories respecting Krishna
elucidated—Songs of Jayadeva celebrating the loves of
Kanhaiya—The Rasmandal, a mystic dance—Govardhana—Krishna
anciently worshipped in caves—His conquest of the ‘Black
serpent’ allegorical of the contests between the Buddhists
and Vaishnavas—Analogies between the legends of Krishna
and Western mythology—Festivals of Krishna—Pilgrimage to
Nathdwara—The seven gods of that temple—Its Pontiff 621

APPENDIX 644

CHAPTER 21

Importance of mythological history—Aboriginal tribes of
India—The Rajputs are conquerors—Solar year of the
Hindus—Opened at the winter solstice—The Vasant, or spring
festival—Birth of the Sun—Common origin assumed of the
Rajputs and Getic tribe of Scandinavia—Surya, the sun-god
of all nations, Thor, Syrus, Sol—Sun-worship—The Aheria,
or spring-hunt, described—Boar-feast—Phalgun festival—The
Rajput Saturnalia—Games on horseback—Rites to the
Manes—Festival of Sitala as guardian of children—Rana’s
birthday—Phuladola, the Rajput Floralia—Festival of
Gauri—Compared with the Diana of Egypt—The Isis or Ertha
of the Suevi—And the Phrygian Cybele—Anniversary of
Rama—Fête of Kamdeva or Cupid—Little Ganggor—Inundation of
the capital—Festival of Rambha or Venus—Rajput and Druidic
rites—Their analogy—Serpent worship—Rakhi, or Festival of
the bracelet 650