Chapter I: Front Matter

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Transcriber’s Note:

This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects. Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

The text is annotated with numerous footnotes, which were numbered sequentially on each page. On occasion, a footnote itself is annotated by a note. In the previous two volumes, these were referenced using symbols (e.g. *, †), which have been converted to an alphabetic sequence (e.g., A, B). In this volume, however, the ‘subnotes’ appear in one instance as numerals. For the sake of consistency, the convention used in the previous volumes has been adopted.

Since there are over 900 notes in this volume, they have been gathered at each chapter’s end, and resequenced for each chapter, using a dot notation for chapter and page (e.g. 10.4.2). Notes to the appendixes are prefaced by 'a' (e.g. a.1.1 for the first note in Appendix I.)

The notes are a combination of those of the author, and of the editor of this edition. The text of the latter are enclosed in square brackets. The bold-faced phrases that begin each topic were also added by the editor, and spelling of Hindi or Sanskrit words may vary between those phrases and the author’s text.

The pagination of the original edition, published in the 1820's, is preserved for ease of reference by including those page numbers in the text, also enclosed in square brackets.

Crooke’s plan for the renovation of the Tod’s original text, including a discussion of the transliteration of words other than English, is given in detail in the Preface.

Several tables spanned multiple pages, with sums totaled before the page break as “Carried forward”, and repeated on the following page. These have been removed, given the nature of the current text.

Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected. Given the history of the text, it was thought best to leave all orthography as printed.

Please see the transcriber’s note at the end of this text for details regarding the handling of any textual issues encountered during its preparation.

A complex genealogical chart appears on p. 1457, inserted in mid-paragraph spanning pp. 1456 and 1458. It has been moved to precede that paragraph.

ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES
OF RAJASTHAN

COLONEL TOD AND HIS JAIN GURU.
(From a painting said to be the work of the Author’s native artist,
Ghāsi.)
_Frontispiece._
]

ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES
OF
RAJASTHAN

OR THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN
RAJPUT STATES OF INDIA

BY

LIEUT.-COL. JAMES TOD

LATE POLITICAL AGENT TO THE WESTERN RAJPUT STATES

EDITED WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY

WILLIAM CROOKE, C.I.E.

HON. D.SC. OXON., B.A., F.R.A.I.

LATE OF THE INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE

IN THREE VOLUMES

VOL. III.

HUMPHREY MILFORD
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

LONDON EDINBURGH GLASGOW NEW YORK
TORONTO MELBOURNE BOMBAY
1920

CONTENTS

PAGE

BOOK VIII

SKETCH OF THE INDIAN DESERT

CHAPTER 1

General aspect—Boundaries and divisions of the
desert—Probable etymology of the Greek _oasis_—Absorption
of the Ghaggar river—The Luni, or salt-river—The Rann, or
Ran—Distinction of _thal_ and _rui_—_Thal_ of the
Luni—Jalor—Siwanchi—Machola and Morsin—Bhinmal and
Sanchor—Bhadrajun—Mewa—Balotra and
Tilwara—Indhavati—Gugadeo-ka-thal—Thal of Tararoi—Thal of
Khawar—Mallinath-ka-thal, or Barmer—Kherdhar—Juna
Chhotan—Nagar Gura 1257

CHAPTER 2

Chauhan Raj—Antiquity and nobility of the Chauhans of the
desert—Dimensions and population of the
Raj—Nagar—Bakhasar—Tharad—Face of the Chauhan
Raj—Water—Productions—Inhabitants—Kolis and
Bhils—Pitals—Thals of Dhat and Umrasumra—Depth of
wells—Anecdote—City of Aror, the ancient capital of
Sind—Dynasties of the Sodha, the Sumra, and the Samma
princes—Their antiquity—Inferred to be the opponents of
Alexander the Great, and Menander—Lieutenant of Walid
takes Aror—Umarkot: its history—Tribes of Sind and the
desert—Diseases—Narua or Guinea-worm—Productions, animal
and vegetable, of the desert—Daudputra—Itinerary 1275

BOOK IX

ANNALS OF AMBER, OR DHUNDHAR